CN101346385A - 新化合物 - Google Patents
新化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101346385A CN101346385A CNA2006800486259A CN200680048625A CN101346385A CN 101346385 A CN101346385 A CN 101346385A CN A2006800486259 A CNA2006800486259 A CN A2006800486259A CN 200680048625 A CN200680048625 A CN 200680048625A CN 101346385 A CN101346385 A CN 101346385A
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- compound
- phenyl
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- mglur1
- mglur5
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 chloro, bromo, methoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的新的mGluR1和mGluR5受体亚型偏好性配体,其中Y代表选自下述的取代基:氢,甲基,氟,氯,溴,甲氧基;Z是氢或甲基;R是可选被取代的杂芳基,和/或其盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及含有它们的药物组合物,以及涉及它们在治疗和/或预防需要调控mGluR1和mGluR5受体的病理状况中的应用,所述病理状况例如神经障碍,精神病障碍,急性和慢性疼痛和下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及式(I)的新的mGluR1和mGluR5受体亚型偏好性配体和/或其盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及含有这些化合物的药物组合物,以及涉及它们在治疗和/或预防需要调控mGluR1和mGluR5受体的病症中的应用。
发明背景
哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)中的主要兴奋性神经递质是谷氨酸分子,它会结合神经元,从而激活细胞表面受体。基于受体蛋白的结构特征、受体将信号转导进细胞中的方式和药理学特性,这些受体可以分成2大类,即离子型(ionotropic)和代谢型(metabotropic)谷氨酸受体。
代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluR)是G蛋白-偶联受体,它在结合谷氨酸后,激活许多细胞内第二信使系统。完整哺乳动物神经元中mGluR的激活,会引起一种或多种下述反应:磷脂酶C的激活;磷酸肌醇(PI)水解的增加;细胞内钙释放;磷脂酶D的激活;腺苷酸环化酶的激活或抑制;环腺苷酸(cAMP)形成的增加或减少;鸟苷酸环化酶的激活;环鸟苷酸(cGMP)形成的增加;磷脂酶A2的激活;花生四烯酸释放的增加;和电压-和配体-门控离子通道的活性的增加或降低(TrendsPharmacol.Sci.,1993,14,13;Neurochem.Int.,1994,24,439;Neuropharmacology,1995,34,1;Prog.Neurobiol.,1999,59,55;Berl.Psychopharmacology 2005,179,4)。
通过分子克隆,已经鉴定了8种不同的mGluR亚型,称作mGluR1至mGluR8(Neuron,1994,13,1031;Neuropharmacology,1995,34,1;J.Med.Chem.,1995,38,1417)。通过某些mGluR亚型的可选剪接形式的表达,产生进一步的受体多样性(PNAS,1992,89,10331;BBRC,1994,199,1136;J.Neurosci.,1995,15,3970)。
基于氨基酸序列同源性、受体使用的第二信使系统、和它们的药理学特征,可以将代谢型谷氨酸受体亚型细分成3组,即I组,II组,和III组mGluR。I组mGluR包含mGluR1,mGluR5和它们的可选剪接的变体。
阐释I组mGluR的生理学作用的尝试提示,这些受体的激活会引起神经元兴奋。有证据表明,该兴奋是由于突触后mGluR的直接激活,但是还已经暗示发生突触前mGluR的激活,导致增加的神经递质释放(Trends Pharmacol.Sci.,1992,15,92;Neurochem.Int.,1994,24,439;Neuropharmacology,1995,34,1;Trends Pharmacol.Sci.,1994,15,33)。
代谢型谷氨酸受体已经涉入哺乳动物CNS中的许多正常过程。已经证实,mGluR的激活是诱导海马长时程增强和小脑长时程抑制所需的(Nature,1993,363,347;Nature,1994,368,740;Cell,1994,79,365;Cell,1994,79,377)。还已经证实了mGluR激活在伤害感受和镇痛中的作用(Neuroreport,1993,4,879;Brain Res.,1999,871,223)。
已经提出,I组代谢型谷氨酸受体mGluR5和mGluR1在许多影响CNS的病理生理学过程和病症中起作用。它们包括焦虑,抑郁,中风,头部创伤,缺氧和缺血性损伤,低血糖症,癫痫,神经变性病症例如阿尔茨海默氏病,GERD和疼痛(Trends Pharmacol.Sci.,1993,14,13;Life Sci.1994,54,135;Ann.Rev.Neurosci.,1994,17,31;Neuropharmacology,1995,34,1;J.Med.Chem.,1995,22,331;Trends Pharmacol.Sci.,2001,22,331;Curr.Opin.Pharmacol.,2002,2,43;Pain,2002,98,1;Neuropsychopharmacology 2004,1;Pharm.Biochem.Beha v.,2005,81,901;Gastroenterology,2005,128,402;Pain,2005,114,195)。另外,mGluR5-选择性的化合物例如2-甲基-6-(苯基乙炔基)-吡啶(″MPEP″)在心境障碍(包括焦虑和抑郁)的动物模型中是有效的(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,2000,295,1267;Brit.J.Pharmacol.,2001,132,1423;Pol.J.Pharmacol.,2001,132,1423)。还证实,选择性的mGluR1化合物在焦虑、疼痛和神经保护的动物模型中是有效的(Eur.J.Pharmacol.,2004,492,137;Pharmacology,2005,179,207;Pain,2005,113,211;Ann.NY Acad.Sci.,.2005,1053,55-73;Neuropharmacology,2005,49,Suppl.1.)。
认为这些病症中的许多病理情况是由于过度的谷氨酸诱导的CNS神经元兴奋。由于I组mGluR(mGluR1和mGluR5)似乎会通过突触后机理和增强的突触前谷氨酸释放来增加谷氨酸介导的神经元兴奋,它们的激活可能促成病理情况。因此,I组mGluR受体的选择性拮抗剂可能是治疗上有益的,尤其是作为神经保护剂、镇痛药或抗惊厥药。
日本专利JP 07076586描述了呋喃并吡啶和噻吩并吡啶,作为骨吸收抑制剂用于治疗骨质疏松症。
噻吩并吡啶衍生物可以用作补血药,抗肿瘤剂和免疫刺激剂,如JP 07053562专利申请所述。
根据E.Zeinab等人(Arch.Pharm,1992,325(5),301),合成了噻吩并吡啶和噻吩并嘧啶衍生物,并评价了它们的真菌毒素抑制剂活性。有些化合物会抑制真菌毒素的产生和真菌生长。
上述出版物中提及的化合物没有宣称或甚至没有暗示对mGluR受体具有活性。
发明概述
本发明涉及式(I)的新的mGluR1和mGluR5受体亚型偏好性配体:
(I)
其中
Y代表选自下述的取代基:氢,甲基,氟,氯,溴,甲氧基;
Z是氢或甲基;
R是可选被取代的杂芳基,
和/或其盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及含有它们的药物组合物,以及涉及它们在治疗和/或预防需要调控mGluR1和mGluR5受体的病理状况中的应用,所述病理状况例如神经障碍,精神病障碍,急性和慢性疼痛和下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍。
发明详述
本发明涉及式(I)的新的mGluR1和mGluR5受体亚型偏好性配体:
其中
Y代表选自下述的取代基:氢,甲基,氟,氯,溴,甲氧基;
Z是氢或甲基;
R是可选被取代的杂芳基,
和/或其盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物。
本发明的更优选的化合物包括具有下述结构的式(I)化合物
其中
Y代表选自下述的取代基:氢,甲基,氟,氯,溴,甲氧基;
Z是氢或甲基;
R是含有1-4个选自O、N或S的杂原子的单环或双环杂芳基环,它可选地被一个或多个下述取代基取代:烷基,烷氧基,卤素,甲氧基羰基,氨基,烷基氨基,酰基氨基,可选被取代的苯基或含有1-4个选自O、N或S的杂原子的单环或双环杂芳基环;
和/或其盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物。
所述杂芳基可以是含有1-4个选自O、N或S的杂原子的单环或双环芳族环,例如噻唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噁二唑基,呋喃基等环。
所述杂芳基可以可选地被一个或多个下述取代基取代:甲基,甲氧基,氟,氯,溴,甲氧基羰基,氨基,烷基氨基,酰基氨基,含有1-4个选自O、N或S的杂原子的单环或双环芳族环,例如吡啶基,噻吩环或苯基,可选地被一个或多个卤素基团取代。
式(I)化合物可以与酸形成盐。本发明也涉及式(I)化合物与酸形成的盐,特别是与药学可接受的酸形成的盐。式(I)化合物的含义是游离碱或盐,即使没有分别指明。
有机和无机酸都可以用于酸加成盐的形成。适合的无机酸可以是例如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸。一价有机酸的代表可以是例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和不同的丁酸、戊酸和癸酸。二价有机酸的代表可以是例如草酸、丙二酸、马来酸、富马酸和琥珀酸。也可以使用其他有机酸,例如羟基酸,例如柠檬酸、酒石酸,或者芳族羧酸,例如苯甲酸或水杨酸,以及脂族和芳族磺酸,例如甲磺酸、萘磺酸和对甲苯磺酸。尤其有价值的酸加成盐组是其中酸组分本身是生理学上可接受的,并且在所应用的剂量中不具有治疗效果,或者它对活性成分的效应不具有不利的影响。这些酸加成盐是药学上可接受的酸加成盐。不属于药学上可接受的酸加成盐的酸加成盐也属于本发明,其原因是在既定的情况下它们能够有利于所需化合物的纯化和分离。
在本发明的范围内也包括式(I)化合物的溶剂化物和/或水合物。
特别重要的本发明的式(I)化合物如下:
3-(4-氟-苯基)-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(2-吡啶-2-基-噻唑-4-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(2-噻吩-2-基-噁唑-4-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-噻唑-2-基}-乙基-胺,
N-{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-噻唑-2-基}-乙酰胺,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-6-甲基-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
5-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-2-甲基-呋喃-3-甲酸甲基酯,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(3-乙基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-[3-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-基]-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氟-苯基)-2-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-4,5-二氢-异噁唑-3-基]-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶。
药物制剂
本发明也涉及药物组合物,其含有式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物作为活性成分,和一种或多种生理上可接受的载体。
式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物可以通过任意的常规方法给药,例如通过经口、肠胃外(包括皮下的,肌肉内的,和静脉内的)、含服、舌下、经鼻、直肠或透过皮肤的给药,所述药物组合物相应地与之相适应。
当经口给药时有活性的式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物可以配制成液体或固体,例如糖浆剂,混悬剂或乳剂,片剂,胶囊和锭剂。
式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的液体制剂通常由式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物在合适液体载体中的悬浮液或溶液组成,所述液体载体例如含水溶剂,例如水和乙醇或甘油,或非水溶剂,例如聚乙二醇或油。制剂也可以含有悬浮剂、防腐剂、矫味剂或着色剂。
固体形式片剂组合物可以使用习惯上用于制备固体制剂的任意适合药用载体制备。这类载体的实例包括乳糖、石膏粉、蔗糖、滑石粉、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯胶、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸等。可选地,通过标准的水性或非水性技术,可以将片剂包衣。
固体形式胶囊组合物可以利用惯用的包胶工艺制备。例如,可以使用标准载体制备含有活性成分的颗粒,然后将它们填充到硬明胶胶囊中;或者,可以使用任意适合的药物载体制备分散体或悬液,例如水性树胶、纤维素、硅酸盐或油,然后将分散体或悬液填充到软明胶胶囊中。
典型的肠胃外组合物由式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物在无菌水性载体或肠胃外可接受的油(例如聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卵磷脂、花生油或芝麻油)中的溶液或悬液组成。或者,可以将溶液冻干,然后在临给药之前用适合的溶剂重配。
用于鼻给药的含有式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的本发明组合物可以被便利地配制成气雾剂、滴剂、凝胶和粉剂。本发明的气雾制剂通常包含式(I)化合物和/或生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物在生理学上可接受的水性或非水性溶剂中的溶液或微细悬液,通常在密封容器中以无菌形式呈递单或多剂量,容器可以采取药筒的形式或者再填充供使用(用雾化装置)。或者,密封容器可以是单元分配装置,例如单一剂量的鼻用吸入器或气雾剂分配器,其装有计量阀,一旦容器内容物已被耗尽即可丢弃。若剂型包含气雾剂分配器,它将含有推进剂,这可以是压缩气体,例如压缩空气,或者有机推进剂,例如氟氯烃。气雾剂剂型也可以采取泵式雾化器的形式。
适合于含服或舌下给药的含有式(I)化合物和/或生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的本发明组合物包括片剂、锭剂和软锭剂,其中用载体配制活性成分,例如糖和阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、或者明胶、甘油等。
用于直肠给药的含有式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的本发明组合物便利地是栓剂的形式,含有常规的栓剂基质,例如可可脂和本领域常用的其它材料。可以如下便利地形成栓剂:首先混合物组合物和软化的或融化的载体,然后冷却,并在模具中成形。
用于透皮给药的含有式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的本发明组合物包括包括软膏、凝胶和贴剂。
含有式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的本发明组合物优选地是单位剂量形式,例如片剂、胶囊或安瓿。
用于口服给药的每一本发明剂量单位优选地含有0.1至500mg的式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物,以游离碱计算。
用于肠胃外给药的每一本发明剂量单位优选地含有0.1至500mg的式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物,以游离碱计算。
式(I)化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物通常可以在每日剂量方案中给药。在mGluR1和mGluR5介导的病症(例如精神分裂症,焦虑,抑郁,恐慌,双相型障碍,和昼夜节律障碍或慢性和急性疼痛病症)的治疗中,每天约0,01mg/kg至约140mg/kg体重的剂量水平是适用的,或者每位患者每天约0.5mg至约7g。
可以与载体材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量,随治疗的宿主和特定给药模式而变化。例如,用于人类经口给药的制剂可以便利地含有约0.5mg至约5g活性剂,其与合适和方便量的载体材料相结合,后者可以占总组合物的约5至约95%。单位剂型通常含有约1mg至约1000mg的活性成分,通常25mg,50mg,100mg,200mg,250-300mg,400mg,500mg,600mg,800mg或1000mg。
但是,应当理解,任意特定患者的具体剂量水平将取决于许多因素,包括年龄、体重、一般健康、性别、饮食、给药时间、给药途径、排泄速率、药物组合和接受治疗的特定疾病的严重性。
医学应用
已经发现,本发明的式(I)化合物会表现出在mGluR1和mGluR5受体的生物活性,预期可以用于治疗mGluR1和mGluR5介导的病症。
已经发现,根据本发明的化合物或其盐会表现出高度的效力和对各个代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluR)亚型的选择性。更具体地,存在有效的且对mGluR1和mGluR5受体选择性的根据本发明的化合物。因此,预期本发明的化合物可以用于预防和/或治疗与mGluR1和mGluR5受体的兴奋性激活有关的病症,和用于抑制由mGluR1和mGluR5受体的兴奋性激活造成的神经元损伤。所述化合物可以用于在哺乳动物(包括人类)中产生mGluR1和mGluR5的抑制作用。
因而,预期本发明的化合物非常适用于预防和/或治疗mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症,例如急性和慢性神经和精神障碍,慢性和急性疼痛病症和下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍。
治疗性或预防性治疗特定病症所需的剂量,必然随治疗的宿主和给药途径而变化。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于治疗。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗神经障碍。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗精神病障碍。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗慢性和急性疼痛病症。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗与偏头痛有关的疼痛,炎性疼痛,神经性疼痛病症例如糖尿病性神经病变、关节炎和类风湿性疾病,腰痛,术后痛和与多种不同病症(包括心绞痛,在肾或胆绞痛,月经,偏头痛和痛风中)有关的疼痛。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗阿尔茨海默氏病,老年性痴呆,AIDS-诱导的痴呆,帕金森病,肌萎缩侧索硬化,亨廷顿舞蹈症,偏头痛,癫痫,精神分裂症,抑郁,焦虑,急性焦虑,肥胖,强制性障碍,眼科病症例如视网膜病,糖尿病性视网膜病,青光眼,听觉神经病症例如耳鸣,化疗诱发的神经病,疱疹后神经痛和三叉神经痛,耐受性,依赖性,脆性X,孤独症,精神发育迟缓,精神分裂症和唐氏综合征。
本发明涉及前文定义的式(I)化合物,用于预防和/或治疗中风,头部创伤,缺氧和缺血性损伤,低血糖症,心血管疾病和癫痫。
所述化合物也非常适用于治疗下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍,例如尿急,膀胱活动过强,尿频,降低的泌尿顺应性,膀胱炎,失禁,遗尿和排尿困难。
本发明也涉及前文定义的式(I)的化合物在生产药物中的应用,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症和上面列出的任意病症。
本发明也提供了治疗和/或预防患有mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症和上面列出的任意病症或者处于其危险中的患者的所述病症的方法,其包括给所述患者施用有效量的前文定义的式(I)的化合物。
在本说明书的上下文中,术语″治疗″包括治疗以及预防,除非存在相反的具体指示。应当相应地理解术语″治疗的″和″治疗地″。
在本说明书中,除非另有说明,术语″拮抗剂″是指通过任意方式部分地或完全地阻断导致配体产生响应的转导途径的化合物。
除非另有说明,术语″病症″是指与代谢型谷氨酸受体活性有关的任意病症和疾病。
制备方法
缩写
本文使用的缩写具有下面列出的含义。下面没有列出的缩写具有它们通常使用的含义,除非另有具体说明。
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
根据本发明,提供了制备式(I)化合物和/或其盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物的方法
其中Y代表选自下述的取代基:氢,甲基,氟,氯,溴,甲氧基;
Z是氢或甲基;
R是可选被取代的杂芳基,
其中在溶剂中在有碱存在下,在回流下或在微波反应器中,
使式(IV)化合物:
其中Z和Y的含义如上面为式(I)所述,
与式(VI)化合物反应:
HlgCH2R
(VI)
其中Hlg是氯或溴,R如权利要求1和2所定义,
和可选地此后形成式(I)化合物的盐和/或水合物和/或溶剂化物。
可以根据下述方法制备本发明的化合物。除非另有说明,取代基的含义如上面为式I所定义,或是本领域技术人员显而易见的。
方案
a.SOCl2,被Y取代的苯(Ph-Y,式(V)化合物),催化量的DMF,80-130℃,2-3小时;
b.AlCl3,80-130℃,5-8小时;
c.硫脲,水/乙醇,回流,20-24小时;
d.卤代甲基杂环(式(VI)的HlgCH2R化合物,其中Hlg是指氯或溴,R是杂芳基基团,它可以是含有1-4个选自O、N或S的杂原子的单环或双环,且它可选地被一个或多个下述取代基取代:烷基,烷氧基,卤素,甲氧基羰基,氨基,烷基氨基,酰基氨基,可选被取代的苯基或杂芳基基团,所述杂芳基是含有1-4个选自O、N或S的杂原子的单环或双环;碱例如NaOCH3或KO tBu,溶剂例如甲醇,乙醇或DMF,60-150℃,2-24小时;或在有些情况下,卤代甲基杂环,Cs2CO3,DMF,微波,200℃,20-60分钟)。
通过在有AlCl3存在下,亚硫酰氯与苯或与适宜的苯衍生物的反应,从适宜的2-氯-烟酸衍生物制备酰氯。可以通过众所周知的适合弗瑞德-克莱福特二氏反应的方法,使用苯或适宜的苯衍生物作为溶剂,进行该反应。
产物(III)通过结晶进行纯化,并根据J.Katritzky的方法(J.Chem.Soc.,1958,3610),在回流下,在水和乙醇的混合物中与硫脲反应。得到的式(IV)化合物是晶体形式。
使式(IV)化合物在有碱(例如NaOMe,KOtBu或Cs2CO3)存在下与不同的可选被取代的卤代甲基-杂环衍生物反应。所述卤代甲基化合物是可从例如Aldrich和Enamine Ltd商业得到的结构块,或可以与已知方法类似地制备。所述反应在60-150℃之间在适宜的溶剂(例如甲醇,乙醇或二甲基甲酰胺)中进行。
在有些情况下,在微波装置(该装置的详述见下文)中,在200℃、应用18巴和300瓦特,进行制备式(I)化合物(例如当卤代甲基-杂环化合物为5-氯甲基-2-甲基-呋喃-3-甲酸甲基酯时)的反应20-60分钟。
得到的式(I)化合物通过结晶或通过柱色谱进行纯化。
式(I)化合物可以用酸转化成其盐,和/或可以通过用碱处理,从所得到的酸加成盐释放出来。
式(I)化合物可以转化成水合物和/或溶剂化物。
生物学测试方法
MGluR1受体结合实验
根据Lavreysen等人(Mol.Pharm.,2003,63,1082)的改进的方法,进行MGluR1受体结合实验。基于人和大鼠mGluR1受体之间的高度同源性,使用大鼠小脑膜制品来测定参照化合物和新化合物与大鼠mGluR1的结合特征。[3H]R214127(3nM)用作放射性配体,在有1μMR214127存在下测定非特异性结合。
通过非线性回归分析,从置换曲线测定IC-50值,并通过Cheng和Prusoff(Biochem.Pharmacol.,1973,22,3099)的方程方法转化成Ki值。
MGluR5受体结合实验
根据Gasparini等人(Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2000,12:407-409),经过修改,测定MGluR5受体结合。使用大鼠大脑皮质膜制品来测定参照化合物和新化合物与大鼠mGluR5的结合特征。使用表达hmGluR5a的A18细胞系(购自Euroscreen)来测定化学化合物与人mGluR5a受体的结合特征。[3H]-M-MPEP(2nM)用作放射性配体。在有10μM M-MPEP存在下测定非特异性结合。
功能活性的评价
天然大鼠mGluR5和mGluR1受体的细胞培养物
分别使用源自17天龄Charles River大鼠胚胎的原代新皮质细胞培养物和源自4天龄Wistar大鼠的原代小脑细胞培养物(关于神经细胞培养物制备的细节,参见Johnson,M.I.;Bunge,R.P.(1992):Primary cell cultures of peripheral and central neurons and glia.In:Protocols for Neural Cell Culture,eds:Fedoroff,S.;Richardson A.,The Humana Press Inc.,51-77),评估在天然大鼠mGluR5和mGluR1受体的功能效力。分离后,将细胞平板接种到标准的96-孔微量培养板上,将培养物维持在95%空气-5%CO2气氛、37℃。新皮质和小脑培养物分别用于在5-7和3-4天后的体外钙测量。
重组人mGluR5a受体的细胞培养物
在含有10%FCS、1%抗生素抗真菌溶液、400μg/ml G418、250μg/ml zeocin、5μg/ml嘌呤霉素的F12培养基中,培养稳定表达重组人mGluR5a受体的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞(CHO-mGluR5a,购自Euroscreen)。将细胞保持在37℃、增湿培养箱中,在5%CO2/95%空气气氛下,每周传代3次。以2.5-3.5×104细胞/孔,将细胞接种在标准的96-孔微量培养板上,通过在次日加入600ng/ml多西环素,诱导受体表达。加入诱导剂后16-24小时,进行钙测量。
胞质钙浓度的荧光测量
在原代新皮质和小脑培养物上,和在稳定表达人mGluR5a受体的CHO-mGluR5a细胞上,测量胞质钙浓度([Ca2+]i)。在标准的96-孔微量培养板中培养细胞,在测量前,对细胞装载Ca2+-敏感的荧光染料fluo-4/AM(2μM):神经培养物于它们的生长培养基中装载,CHO-mGluR5a细胞于添加了2mM丙酮酸钠和30μg/ml谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶(在CHO-mGluR5a细胞的情况下,这些添加剂也存在于[Ca2+]i测量过程中)的试验缓冲液(145mM NaCl,5mM KCl,2mM MgCl2,2mMCaCl2,10mM HEPES,20mM D-葡萄糖,2mM丙磺舒,pH=7.4)中装载。通过与100μl/孔染料溶液在37℃、在增湿培养箱中、在5%CO2/95%空气的气氛下温育细胞40-120min,完成装载。为了终止染料装载,用试验缓冲液洗涤细胞2次。洗涤后,取决于实验设置,向每个孔中加入不同浓度的实验化合物(由DMSO或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)储备溶液在试验缓冲液中稀释,终DMSO/DMF浓度<0.1%)或缓冲液。在新皮质培养物的情况下,试验缓冲液还含有TTX(0.5μM,以抑制[Ca2+]i的自发振荡,在小脑培养物的情况下,用磺吡酮(0.25mM)替代丙磺舒。
在37℃温育10-20min后,用平板读数荧光计(FlexStation II,Molecular Devices)逐列测量基线和激动剂诱发的[Ca2+]i变化。从平板的底部,进行激发和发射的检测。在37℃进行整个测量过程,用定制的软件控制。通过测量在有不同浓度的化合物存在下激动剂诱发的[Ca2+]i升高的降低,评价实验化合物的抑制效力。DHPG用作所有3种培养物的激动剂,对新皮质和小脑培养物的浓度分别是20和100μM。在CHO-mGluR5a细胞的情况下,使用EC80浓度的DHPG,所述EC80-值源自每天测定的剂量-响应曲线。将荧光数据表达为ΔF/F(将荧光变化相对于基线标准化)。
在多个孔中测量对单个平板的所有处理。将同一处理的所有孔的数据平均化,将平均值用于分析。将在单一浓度点的化合物的抑制效力表达为对对照激动剂响应的抑制百分比。用S形浓度-抑制曲线拟合数据(源自至少3个独立实验),将IC50-值确定为产生化合物导致的最大抑制的一半的浓度。使用Soft Max Pro(Molecular Devices)分析原始荧光数据,用GraphPad Prism进行曲线拟合。
结果
本发明的式(I)化合物表现出对大鼠和人mGluR1和mGluR5受体的亲和力,且证实是功能拮抗剂,它们抑制mGluR5受体刺激引起的功能响应。
表
*Ki<1000nM
**Ki>1000nM
下面的非限制性实施例进一步解释了本发明。
实施例
所有原料可以商业上获得,或可以通过文献所述的不同的已知方法来合成。
实施例1
(4-氯-苯基)-(2-氯-吡啶-3-基)-甲酮
将亚硫酰氯(15ml,0.2mol)和DMF(0.5ml)逐滴加入2-氯-烟酸(31.5g,0,2mol)于氯苯(100ml)中的悬浮液中,在120℃搅拌反应混合物4小时。
在0℃将氯化铝(33g,0.25mol)加入反应混合物,煮沸6小时。将反应混合物倒到冰(100ml)上,加入乙酸乙酯(100ml)。将混合物在室温搅拌半小时。用氢氧化钠水溶液(40%)将pH调节至8。过滤乳状液,分离滤液,用乙酸乙酯(2x50ml)萃取。用水(100ml)洗涤有机相,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。从异丙醇(20ml)结晶粗产物,产生19.5g(34%)标题化合物。
在从取代的2-氯-烟酸开始合成酮的情况下,使用相同的方法。
实施例2
(4-氯-苯基)-(2-巯基-吡啶-3-基)-甲酮盐酸盐
将硫脲(15.6g,0,200mmol)于水(50ml)和乙醇(25ml)中的溶液逐滴加入(4-氯-苯基)-(2-氯-吡啶-3-基)-甲酮(7.65g,30mmol)于乙醇(20ml)中的悬浮液中。将反应混合物加热24小时,然后冷却,在0℃搅拌2-3小时。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,通过与NaOH溶液(2.5gNaOH于60ml水中)在室温搅拌1小时进行纯化。过滤混合物,用6N含水盐酸将滤液调节至pH1。滤出产物,用水洗涤,产生6.48g(76%)标题化合物。
实施例3
3-(4-氟-苯基)-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶
(化合物1)
在回流下加热在甲醇(8ml)中的(4-氟-苯基)-(2-巯基-吡啶-3-基)-甲酮盐酸盐(制备如实施例1所述)(0.48g,2.1mmol)、3-(溴甲基)-5-异噁唑(0.40g,2.3mmol)和NaOMe(0.16g,2.4mmol)3小时。冷却反应混合物,滤出晶体产物,用甲醇洗涤。该反应产生0.25g(39%)标题化合物。
从不同的可商业得到的卤代甲基结构块,通过该方法制备除化合物4以外的化合物。
实施例4
[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-2-甲基-呋喃-3-甲酸甲基酯盐酸盐
(化合物4)
向(4-氯-苯基)-(2-巯基-吡啶-3-基)-甲酮盐酸盐(0.28g,1.0mmol)于DMF(5ml)中的溶液中,加入5-氯甲基-2-甲基-呋喃-3-甲酸甲基酯(0.2g,1.05mmol)和碳酸铯(0.36g,1.1.mmol)。在CEM微波反应器中处理反应混合物(8ml管,300瓦特,200℃,18巴,20分钟)。真空蒸发后,将水(10ml)和氯仿(3x10ml)加入残余物。有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。通过色谱(Kieselgehl 60,洗脱剂:环己烷∶丙酮7∶3)进行纯化,产生190mg(47%)产物,在二异丙基-甲醇混合物溶液中用HCl/甲醇处理,产生100mg标题化合物。
实施例5
药物组合物的制备:
a)片剂:
将0.01-50%的式(I)的活性成分,15-50%的乳糖,15-50%的马铃薯淀粉,5-15%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,1-5%的滑石粉,0.01-3%的硬脂酸镁,1-3%的胶体二氧化硅和2-7%的过支链淀粉混合,然后通过湿法制粒并压制成片剂。
b)糖衣片,薄膜包衣片:
将按照上述方法制备的片剂用由肠或胃溶薄膜组成的,或由糖或滑石粉组成的层包衣。糖衣片用蜂蜡和carnuba腊的混合物抛光。
c)胶囊:
将0.01-50%的式(I)活性成分,1-5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,15-50%的淀粉,15-50%的乳糖,1-3%的胶体二氧化硅和0.01-3%的硬脂酸镁充分混合,将混合物过筛并填充至硬明胶胶囊中。
d)混悬液:
成分:0.01-15%的式(I)活性成分,0.1-2%的氢氧化钠,0.1-3%的柠檬酸,0.05-0.2%的尼泊金(4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠),0.005-0.02%的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,0.01-0.5%的聚羧乙烯(聚丙烯酸),0.1-5%的96%乙醇,0.1-1%的矫味剂,20-70%的山梨醇(70%水溶液)和30-50%的蒸馏水。
在剧烈搅拌下,按小份将聚羧乙烯加至在20ml蒸馏水中的尼泊金和柠檬酸溶液中,并将溶液放置10-12h。然后在搅拌下加入在1ml蒸馏水中的氢氧化钠,山梨醇水溶液,并最终加入乙醇覆盆子香精。往载体中按小份加入活性成分并使用浸渍匀浆机悬浮。最后用蒸馏水将该悬浮剂加至所需最终体积,且将该悬浮糖浆过胶体研磨设备。
e)栓剂:
对每一栓剂,将0.01-15%的式(I)活性成分和1-20%的乳糖充分混合,然后将50-95%的栓剂前动物脂肪(adeps pro suppository)(例如Witepsol 4)熔化并冷却至35℃,用匀化器将活性成分和乳糖的混合物在其中混合。将所得混合物冷却塑模。
f)冻干粉安瓿组合物:
以注射用双蒸水制成5%的甘露醇或乳糖溶液,将该溶液过滤以获得无菌溶液。0.01-5%式(I)活性成分的溶液也以注射用双蒸水制成,并将此溶液过滤以获得无菌溶液。在无菌条件下将这两种溶液混合,以1ml部分装入安瓿中,将安瓿内容物冻干,且将安瓿在氮气下密封。在施用前,将安瓿内容物溶解在无菌水或0.9%(生理的)无菌氯化钠水溶液中。
Claims (17)
3.选自下述的化合物
3-(4-氟-苯基)-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(2-吡啶-2-基-噻唑-4-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(2-噻吩-2-基-噁唑-4-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-噻唑-2-基}-乙基-胺,
N-{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-噻唑-2-基}-乙酰胺,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-6-甲基-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(5-甲基-异噁唑-3-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
5-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基]-2-甲基-呋喃-3-甲酸甲基酯,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-(3-乙基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-基)-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氯-苯基)-2-[3-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-基]-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶,
3-(4-氟-苯基)-2-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-4,5-二氢-异噁唑-3-基]-噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶。
6.根据权利要求5的药物组合物,用于预防和/或治疗mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症。
7.式(I)化合物在生产药物中的用途,
(I)
其中Y,Z和R如权利要求1或2任一项中所定义,
所述药物用于治疗和/或预防mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症。
8.根据权利要求6的化合物的用途,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是精神病障碍。
9.根据权利要求6的化合物的用途,其中所述mGluR1和mHluR5受体介导的病症是神经障碍。
10.根据权利要求7的化合物的用途,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是慢性和急性疼痛。
11.根据权利要求7的化合物的用途,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是人。
14.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是精神病障碍。
15.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是神经障碍。
16.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是慢性和急性疼痛病症。
17.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述mGluR1和mGluR5受体介导的病症是下泌尿道的神经肌肉功能障碍。
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EP3008073B1 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2020-01-01 | Latvian Institute Of Organic Synthesis | Thieno[2,3-b]pyridines as multidrug resistance modulators |
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CN103547576A (zh) * | 2011-05-19 | 2014-01-29 | 伊莱利利公司 | 杀寄生虫的二氢异噁唑化合物 |
CN103547576B (zh) * | 2011-05-19 | 2016-06-08 | 伊莱利利公司 | 杀寄生虫的二氢异噁唑化合物 |
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US20110184014A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CA2629984A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
EA200801523A1 (ru) | 2008-12-30 |
HUP0501170A2 (en) | 2007-09-28 |
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JP2009520012A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
HU0501170D0 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
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