CN101340149A - Output current limiting control apparatus having input compensation - Google Patents
Output current limiting control apparatus having input compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101340149A CN101340149A CNA2007101275849A CN200710127584A CN101340149A CN 101340149 A CN101340149 A CN 101340149A CN A2007101275849 A CNA2007101275849 A CN A2007101275849A CN 200710127584 A CN200710127584 A CN 200710127584A CN 101340149 A CN101340149 A CN 101340149A
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Abstract
A pulse width adjustment controller comprises an output current limitation control of input voltage high and low compensation and can ensure the output over-current limit points tends to be consistent when the input voltage is different, thereby reducing the circuit cost of a power supply and simplifying the layout of a PCB circuit board. The switching power supply also comprises a transformer, a power switch, a first detection circuit, a second detection circuit and a controller. The controller comprises a control end, a first detection end and a second detection end, wherein, the control end is coupled with a controlled end of the power switch, the first detection end is coupled with the first detection circuit for receiving a first detection signal, the second detection end is coupled with the second detection circuit for receiving a second detection signal, and the controller carries out a protection action based on the signal received by the second detection end.
Description
Technical field
The present invention adjusts controller for a kind of pulse bandwidth and has the output current limiting control that input voltage just compensates, can guarantee that input voltage height do not export reaching unanimity property of overcurrent limiting point simultaneously, can reduce power supply unit circuit cost and the layout of simplifying the PCB circuit board.
Background technology
As shown in Figure 1, be known flyback type electric source supply device.After the power-on, the input power supply VIN begin to provide the electric power input, at first provides Weak current that capacitor C 2 is slowly charged through resistance R 1.When the voltage of capacitor C 2 reaches operation voltage VH, after promptly the voltage of supply voltage VCC pin (VCC pin) reached operation voltage VH, comparator UVLO output low level signal was to discharge oscillating circuit OSC.At this moment, oscillating circuit OSC begins action, output pulse signal is to the input S of SR flip-flop, the SR flip-flop receives high levle is represented in output behind the pulse signal of oscillating circuit OSC pulse wave signal to drive circuit DRIVER, and makes the gate of drive circuit DRIVER driving power transistor Q1 make power transistor Q1 conducting (turn on).Primary side current begins to be got back to by primary side, power transistor Q1 and current sense resistance R 2 that input power supply VIN flows to transformer T1 the negative pole (that is ground connection) of primary side DC power supply VIN.When primary side current is flowed through the reference voltage that current sense voltage signal that resistance R 2 produced provided greater than voltage divider DIVIDER, what high levle represent in turn-on cycle control comparator COMP output resets the input R of signal to the SR flip-flop, and drive circuit DRIVER exports and transfers low level to stop the conducting of power transistor Q1 at this moment.
During power transistor Q1 conducting (turn on), otherwise the secondary side of transformer T1 is because winding and the event mutually of output rectifier diode D2 polarity, can't transmit energy temporarily will be stored in energy among the transformer T1 to output VO, power transistor Q1 stop conducting (turn off) back each winding polarity of transformer T1 reverses at once, this moment, secondary side winding became forward with output rectifier diode D2 polarity transformation and the former energy that is stored among the transformer T1 is released to output VO, and the load that connects output VO and output capacitance C3 are provided the required electric current that charges.Secondary side winding was flowed through and is exported the current cut-off of rectifier diode D2 when the storage power release among the transformer T1 finished, and output capacitance C3 discharges the electric charge that stores and keeps required load current to continue supply of current to output VO.
Then, power transistor Q1 keep by (turn off) state treat next rectilinear oscillation circuit OSC again output pulse signal behind the input S of SR flip-flop, make power transistor Q1 open into conducting state once again.So go round and begin again, output voltage VO is improved gradually, optical coupler PH1 also begins to produce the output voltage detecting current, and the voltage quasi position that makes voltage divider DIVIDER export comparator C OMP positive input terminal (non-inverting input) to descends.So, the maximum conducting electric current of phase (producing the current sense signal to comparator C OMP negative input end by resistance R 2) begins to reduce weekly, to reduce the energy that transmits output V0.Equal the required energy of load until the stored energy 1/2LI^2 of each periodic pressure oscillation device T1 primary side (L is the inductance of transformer, and I is the maximum of each cycle conducting electric current) and reach stable.Therefore, integrated circuit presents stable switch motion by such back coupling control, reaches the purpose of output voltage stabilizing.
This known flyback type electric source supply only depends on 2 protections of current sense resistance R because not having input offset and output current limiting device, when overload situations takes place, can produce the situation of output overcurrent, and its operating characteristics curve as shown in Figure 2.In Fig. 2, the B point is represented the maximum rated power output on the specification, and the protection point C point of the peak power output Pmax of side circuit design can be slightly larger than maximum rated power output.When the required power of the secondary side of transformer T1 surpasses the power (for example: short circuit, people's false touch secondary side are damaged in load) of protection point C representative; owing under the situation that power output (Pmax=Vo*Io) can't improve to reach maximum again, cause the output voltage V o of secondary side to descend and output current Io rising.And output voltage V o and provide between the voltage of supply voltage VCC pin and to be certainty ratio (i.e. the coil of time utmost point winding and auxiliary winding than) relation, the decline of output voltage V o can make the also and then decline of voltage of supply voltage VCC pin.When the voltage that supply voltage VCC pin is provided is lower than voltage VL, the D that turns back of electric current as shown in Figure 2, oscillating circuit OSC stops output pulse signal, and power supply unit enters guard mode and stops to export energy.Wherein the path CDG under the overload is the situation (for example: the source of input power supply VIN is the AC civil power of 90V) of low input power supply VIN; And in the situation (for example: the source of input power supply VIN is the AC civil power of 264V) of height input power supply VIN, because its peak power output Pmax can be a little more than the situation of low input power supply VIN when actual operation, the path under the overload is that the road is through EFG.
As mentioned above, in the situation of overload, output current Io meeting significantly increases earlier makes zero then, will produce the output overcurrent greater than a lot of unfavorable situation of full-load current, must improve transformer T1, the anti-current specification of output diode D2, output capacitance C3, therefore increase the power supply unit cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a pulse bandwidth with output current limiting control that input voltage just compensates and adjust controller, can guarantee that input voltage height do not export reaching unanimity property of overcurrent limiting point simultaneously, make the power supply unit circuit design ensure that element does not have the danger of damage and takes place, therefore can reduce power supply unit circuit cost and the layout of simplifying the PCB circuit board because of considering that the output overcurrent adopts the high gauge element or increases extra output current-limiting circuit in addition.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of switching power supply device.Above-mentioned switching power supply device includes a transformer, a power switch, one first circuit for detecting, one second circuit for detecting and a controller.Above-mentioned transformer has a primary side and a secondary side, exports from secondary side in order to the power conversion that this primary side is received.Above-mentioned power switch has one first end, one second end and a controlled end, and this first end couples this primary side of this transformer, and this second end is coupled to ground, and this controlled end couples this control end.The first above-mentioned circuit for detecting is coupled between this power switch and the ground connection, in order to produce one first detection signal.The second above-mentioned circuit for detecting is coupled to the side second time of this transformer, in order to produce one second detection signal.Above-mentioned controller has a control end, one first sense terminal and one second sense terminal; this control end couples this controlled end of this power switch; this first sense terminal couples this first circuit for detecting in order to receive this first detection signal; this second sense terminal couples this second circuit for detecting in order to receive this second detection signal, and wherein this controller is protected action based on the signal that this second sense terminal is received.
The present invention also provides a kind of controller, in order to control a switching power supply device.Above-mentioned controller includes an oscillating circuit, one first judging unit, one second judging unit and a logic control circuit unit.Above-mentioned oscillating circuit is in order to produce a pulse signal.Above-mentioned first judging unit receives one first detection signal, and produces a pick-off signal in view of the above.Above-mentioned second judging unit receives this second detection signal, and produces an overcurrent protection signal in view of the above.Above-mentioned logic control circuit unit receives this pulse signal, this pick-off signal and this overcurrent protection signal, and produces a logic control signal based on this pulse signal, this pick-off signal and this overcurrent protection signal, to control the running of this switching power supply device.
Therefore, the present invention utilizes compensation way that the mistake flow point compensation of the different input voltages of height is consistency, and has the very approaching advantage of output current limiting point under the different input voltages of height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of known flyback type electric source supply device;
Fig. 2 is the corresponding output current operating characteristics of a known uncompensated output voltage curve chart;
Fig. 3 is a switched power supplier representative graph of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the corresponding output current operating characteristics of an output voltage of the present invention curve chart;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is in output current limiting point action oscillogram.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the switched power supplier of another embodiment of the present invention.
[main element description of reference numerals]
110 under-voltage protecting circuits
120 oscillating circuits
130 logic control circuits
140 turn-on cycles control comparator
150 overcurrent comparators
160 time delay circuits
170 drive circuits
180 compensation arrangements
200 output detectors
240,250 judging units
C1～C4 capacitor
The COMP comparator
CONTROL LOGIC logic control circuit
D1, D3 diode
The DRIVER drive circuit
The OSC oscillating circuit
The PH1 optical coupler
R1～R9 resistor
The Q1 power switch
The T1 transformer
TIME DELAY time delay circuit
U2 feedbacks pressurizer
The VCC supply voltage
The VO input voltage
VIN imports power supply
First and second reference voltage of VREF1, VREF2
Embodiment
Spirit of the present invention is to utilize at different input voltages during as the input power supply, and the current sense signal of transformer primary side can produce the accurate position of different sizes thereupon.This current sense signal is coupled to the feedback signal of output circuit for detecting, can compensates the size of feedback signal, make the over-current protection point also can the convergence unanimity under difference input power supply.
Fig. 3 is a switched power supplier representative graph of the present invention, comprises controller 100, power switch Q1, current sense device R2, transformer T1, output detector 200 and compensation arrangement C5.Current sense device R2 detects the electric current of the transformer T1 primary side of flowing through, and generation current sense signal is to the current sense signal end CS of controller 100, the secondary side output voltage of output detector 200 detecting transformer T1, and produce the voltage back coupling end FB of detecting voltage signal to controller 100.In the present embodiment, switched power supplier is the example explanation with the flyback, so in fact also can be structures such as forward type, push-pull type, semibridge system, full-bridge type; This power switch Q1 is a nmos pass transistor, in fact can also the PMOS transistor, field-effect transistor, bipolar transistor, IGBT implement, and not as limit.Controller 100 promptly according to the conducting of this current sense signal and this detecting voltage signal controlling power switch Q1 with end.Controller 100 comprises under-voltage protecting circuit (UVLO, under voltage lockout) 110, oscillation circuit unit 120, logic control circuit unit 130, turn-on cycle control comparator 140, overcurrent comparator 150, time delay circuit 160 and drive circuit 170.The running of controller 100 is described as follows:
VIN begins to provide the electric power input when the input power supply, at first through 2 chargings of 1 pair of capacitor C of resistance R, to provide supply voltage VCC pin one voltage.After the voltage of capacitor C 2 surpassed one first predetermined voltage VH, it was signal that under-voltage protecting circuit 110 just changes into low standard by the high levle signal, and to discharge oscillation circuit unit 120 beginning output pulse signals, so system comes into operation.Controller 100 can guarantee that by comprising under-voltage protecting circuit 110 supply voltage VCC pin just begins to have output when enough voltage is arranged, damage element unusually to prevent circuit working.
At general operational circumstances, oscillation circuit unit 120 produces pulse signal to logic control circuit unit 130, logic control circuit unit 130 receives high levle represent in output behind these pulse signals pulse wave signal to drive circuit 170, and the drive circuit output drive signal makes the power switch unlatching to the gate of power switch Q1 in view of the above.Input power supply VIN provides flow through transformer T1, power switch Q1, current sense device R2 of electric current to get back to DC power supply VIN) negative pole (primary side earth terminal).Transformer T1 output this moment winding and output diode D2, D1 polarity are opposite, and the primary side energy can't be delivered to output V0 and capacitor C 2, so transformer T1 is with store energy.Voltage height to a predetermined voltage as current sense signal end CS, when the current potential that makes turn-on cycle control the positive input terminal of comparator 140 is higher than the reference voltage VREF1 that imports reverse input end, turn-on cycle control comparator 140 is exported a pick-off signal to logic control circuit unit 130, and drive circuit 170 is ended power switch Q2.Until next cycle, oscillation circuit unit 120 produces pulse signal again to logic control circuit unit 130, the logic control circuit unit receives high levle represent in output behind this pulse signal pulse wave signal to drive circuit 170, and the drive circuit output drive signal makes the power switch unlatching to the gate of power switch Q1 in view of the above.So go round and begin again, make whole system maintain stable state.
Voltage is feedback and is held FB to couple output detector 200, in the present embodiment, output detector 200 comprises an optical coupler PH1, the primary side of optical coupler PH1 produces a current signal IFB and flows through resistance R 7, R9, R8, compensation arrangement C5 and current sense device R2 and produce a direct current signal, the primary side inductive current is then when power switch Q1 conducting state in addition, flow through power switch Q1 and current sense device R2 and compensation arrangement C5, resistance R 7, R9, R8 and produce a serrated signal.Because the superposition in above-mentioned two signals source is arranged simultaneously, thereby produce sawtooth voltage signal with a direct current composition in the positive input terminal of turn-on cycle control comparator 140, when being higher than first reference voltage (VREF1) of negative input end, the peak value of sawtooth voltage signal produces a pick-off signal to logic control circuit unit 170 and drive circuit is ended power switch Q2.
Because the speed that the electric current of transformer T1 primary side increases is proportional to the size (VIN/L of input voltage VIN, L is the inductance value of transformer T1), so higher input voltage VIN, the work period of power switch Q1 is less, and lower input voltage VIN, the work period of power switch Q1 is bigger.Just when higher input voltage VIN, the sawtooth voltage signal that results from the positive input terminal of turn-on cycle control comparator 140 will have bigger flip-flop, and during lower input voltage VIN, lower flip-flop be arranged then.
Please refer to Fig. 5 (1), compared to higher input voltage VIN, its flip-flop of lower input voltage VIN is lower, thus will produce the sawtooth signal of the higher spoke that shakes, and its work period is also longer.Then with reference to Fig. 5 (3), when higher input voltage VIN, higher in the flip-flop of the sawtooth voltage signal of the positive input terminal of turn-on cycle control comparator 140; When lower input voltage VIN, lower in the flip-flop of the sawtooth voltage signal of the positive input terminal of turn-on cycle control comparator 140.In addition, because in the present embodiment, compensation arrangement C5 is an electric capacity, when power switch Q1 conducting, according to the voltage of current sense device R2 end and the voltage difference store charge of optical coupler PH1, thus the electric capacity cross-pressure that the electric capacity cross-pressure that is caused at higher input power supply VIN is caused less than lower input power supply VIN, and comprise electric capacity in the compensation arrangement, can some unnecessary noises of filtering, make the action of controller 100 more accurate.Therefore, with reference to figure 5 (3), under than the state of low input VIN and in power switch Q1 transfer to by the time, it is lower that the voltage of the positive input terminal of turn-on cycle control comparator 140 can be drawn.Certainly, compensation arrangement C5 of the present invention is not limited to electric capacity, resistance or other coupling element, and the current sense signal that the voltage or the current sense signal of secondary side can be coupled to primary side all can.Fig. 5 (4) is that overcurrent comparator 150 negative input ends are in reaching than the voltage waveform under the low input than high input voltage, because similar in appearance to Fig. 5 (3), so be not repeated.
In an embodiment of the present invention, system utilizes current sense device R2, compensation arrangement C5, optical coupler PH1 and overcurrent comparator 150 constitute the output current limiting control circuit, the voltage difference that the current signal of optical coupler PH1 produces in voltage back coupling end FB when utilizing the input voltage source that height is different as input power supply VIN, add that compensation arrangement C5 is coupled in back coupling end FB with the voltage signal of current sense resistance, make the crest voltage of back coupling end FB be identical accurate position in the output overcurrent point, shown in Fig. 5 (5), output current limiting point is very approaching under the different input voltages of the feasible height of the action of overcurrent comparator 150.When load surpasses output current limiting point, close the power switch action and make output current descend immediately to turn back zero because of supply voltage VCC descends.Certainly, cause erroneous judgement for fear of noise or very of short duration interference, when overcurrent condition takes place, then time delay circuit 160 can't regularly be received the comparison signal of overcurrent comparator 150 and enter time status.After through a scheduled time length (or predetermined period number), time delay circuit 160 promptly sends guard signal makes controller 100 enter guard mode, avoids over-current phenomenon avoidance to continue to take place.
Fig. 4 is the corresponding output current operating characteristics of an output voltage of the present invention curve, operating characteristics curve when A-B-C-E is the low-voltage input, operating characteristics curve when A-B-D-E is the high voltage input, Power Limitation point when C is the low-voltage input is turned back a little with electric current, Power Limitation point when D is the high voltage input is turned back a little with electric current, the C of this moment is consistent with the high low-voltage input offset of the close representative of D point, and output current turns back zero immediately when output current surpasses Power Limitation point.
As mentioned above, compensation arrangement can make the Power Limitation point of different high low-voltages almost consistent, so in fact the present invention also can not add under the compensation arrangement, the Power Limitation point of the high low-voltage that they are different still has improvement compared to known circuit, so inessential element of compensation arrangement, and can select whether to use according to the requirement of side circuit.
The schematic diagram of the switched power supplier of Fig. 6 another embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 6, controller comprises under-voltage protecting circuit 110, oscillation circuit unit 120, logic control circuit unit 130, one first judging unit 240, one second judging unit 250, time delay circuit 160 and drive circuit 170.The difference of Fig. 6 embodiment and Fig. 3 embodiment only is that turn-on cycle is controlled comparator 140 and overcurrent comparator 150 replaces with first judging unit 240, second judging unit 250, so only describe with regard to the running of first judging unit 240, second judging unit 250 at this.First judging unit 240 is judged the turn-on cycle of the signal level of current sense signal end CS with the decision output signal, and whether the voltage of second judging unit in order to judge that voltage is feedback end FB produces the overcurrent protection signal with decision.In this embodiment, first judging unit 240, second judging unit 250 can be implemented with NPN bipolar transistor (BJT), PNP bipolar transistor respectively, but on actual the enforcement, also can replace with PNP bipolar transistor, NPN bipolar transistor or other alternative judgment component respectively, not as limit.Because feedbacking, compensation arrangement 180, voltage hold the signal of FB that flip-flop (providing by the detecting voltage signal) and serrated signal composition (being provided by the current sense signal) are provided.The accurate position of the output signal of the emitter-base bandgap grading of PNP bipolar transistor 250 can be feedback the signal of end FB and becomes big, diminishes along with voltage, when voltage is feedback the signal level of end FB when fixing in advance greater than one, the representative system normal operation; When the signal level of voltage back coupling end FB is fixed the position in advance less than this, the improper running of representative system.That is to say; when the electric current of the transformer T1 primary side of flowing through is too high; the overcurrent protection signal of second judging unit, 250 outputs, one high levle signal; after time delay circuit 160 continues to receive that the overcurrent protection signal surpasses a scheduled time length; promptly send guard signal and make controller 100 enter guard mode, avoid over-current phenomenon avoidance to continue to take place.
As mentioned above, the present invention discloses with preferred embodiment hereinbefore, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this embodiment only is used to describe the present invention, and should not be read as restriction protection scope of the present invention.It should be noted that the variation and the displacement of every and this embodiment equivalence all should be made as and be covered by within the protection category of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention ought be as the criterion with the content that scope was defined of claims.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of switching power supply device is characterized in that, includes:
One transformer has a primary side and a secondary side, exports from secondary side in order to the power conversion that this primary side is received;
One power switch has one first end, one second end and a controlled end, and this first end couples this primary side of this transformer, and this second end is coupled to ground;
One first circuit for detecting is coupled between this power switch and the ground connection, in order to produce one first detection signal;
One second circuit for detecting is coupled to the side second time of this transformer, in order to produce one second detection signal; And
One controller; have a control end, one first sense terminal and one second sense terminal; this control end couples this controlled end of this power switch; this first sense terminal couples this first circuit for detecting in order to receive this first detection signal; this second sense terminal couples this second circuit for detecting in order to receive this second detection signal, and wherein this controller is protected action based on the signal that this second sense terminal is received.
2, switching power supply device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, more comprises a compensation arrangement and is coupled between this first circuit for detecting and this second circuit for detecting, so that this second detection signal is compensated based on this first detection signal.
3, switching power supply device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, wherein this compensation arrangement comprises an electric capacity.
4, switching power supply device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, wherein this second circuit for detecting comprises an optical coupler.
As the described switching power supply device of one of claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that 5, wherein this transformer also comprises an auxiliary winding, in order to provide energy to this controller.
6, switching power supply device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, wherein this second detection signal after the compensation comprises a direct current composition and a serrated signal composition.
7, a kind of controller in order to control a switching power supply device, is characterized in that, includes:
One oscillating circuit produces a pulse signal;
One first judging unit receives one first detection signal, and produces a pick-off signal in view of the above;
One second judging unit receives this second detection signal, and produces an overcurrent protection signal in view of the above; And
One logic control circuit unit receives this pulse signal, this pick-off signal and this overcurrent protection signal, and produces a logic control signal based on this pulse signal, this pick-off signal and this overcurrent protection signal, to control the running of this switching power supply device.
8, controller as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, more comprises a compensation arrangement, couples this first detection signal and one second detection signal, and compensates this second detection signal based on this first detection signal.
9, controller as claimed in claim 8; it is characterized in that; more comprise a time delay cell; be coupled between this judging unit and this logic control circuit unit; this time delay unit continue to produce surpasses a scheduled time during length in this overcurrent protection signal, sends this overcurrent protection signal to this logic control circuit unit.
10, controller as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, wherein this compensating signal comprises a direct current composition and a serrated signal composition.
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| CN2007101275849A CN101340149B (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2007-07-03 | Output current limiting control apparatus having input compensation |
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| CN2007101275849A CN101340149B (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2007-07-03 | Output current limiting control apparatus having input compensation |
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