CN101338620A - Common brick rapid building construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a laying construction technology in the building industry, in particular a laying construction method by which general bricks can be laid quickly. The laying construction method provided by the invention is an improvement for the prior laying construction method. In the laying construction, a big spade with a triangle spade face and gentle curved edges is used, and the big spade is 190 mm in width and 110 mm in length; the center of the handle of the spade is 45 mm away from the spade face. Laying a brick includes four operating steps, laying techniques and body movement: picking up lime with the big spade and taking a brick- turning around to spread lime- pressing slurry and holding and scraping redundant slurry - throwing the redundant slurry into jointing seams. The laying construction method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that compared with the original method; the laying construction method provided by the invention avoids the unnecessary steps during laying bricks, fully develops body potentiality, improves work efficiency, reduces labor intensity of workers and enhances the construction quality.

Description

Common brick rapid building construction method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the building construction technology of building trade.It specifically is a kind of common brick rapid building construction method.It is the improvement to existing building construction method.

Background technology

At present, as domestic common brick building construction method generally use mainly contain " 31 " chimney bond and spread slurry method etc. several.The brick masonry construction tool that uses is big shovel, shovels greatly size and differs, and causes when cutting lath and can not be consistent, and is sometimes many, sometimes few. original " 31 " build gimmick and bodily movement of practising Wushu by laying bricks or stones and build a brick and want at least following 17 actions: bend over (1) → turn in ash-pit mortar (2) → select brick (3) → take brick (4) → turn round (the 5) → walking (6) → mortar is buckled in (7) on the bricklaying surface → push away meet and discuss ash (9) → brick is placed on the hand steered brick of (10) → one on the bricklaying surface of flat mortar (8) → scraping with shoveling of 90 degree; Another holds shovel, and the outside of propping up dome brick with spear is rubbed back and forth the surplus slurry (13) that flat mortar (11) → strike brick (12) → first time scraping extrudes mortar joint → with surplus slurry with the hands and got rid of into (14) in the seam of meeting and discussing → strike for the second time brick (15) → again and scrape slurry (16) → surplus slurry is got rid of back ash-pit (17). The problem that exists is in the building process, and workman's waste motion is many, and work efficiency is low, and labour intensity is big.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of common brick rapid building construction method, comprise building method is improved, mainly is the improvement to gimmick, bodily movement of practising Wushu and the footwork of building by laying bricks or stones; To reduce the waste motion in the building process, give full play to the human potential, to reach the raising work efficiency, reduce labor strength, improve the effect of workmanship.Also comprise the improvement to the big shovel of main tool of building usefulness by laying bricks or stones, mortar was full when the amount that makes each shovel mortar was enough to make each piece brick masonry, did not have again unnecessary mortar to flow out.

The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions: a kind of common brick rapid building construction method, the preparation, operating surface environment that comprises lay bricks construction tool and material preparation, brick and mortar arrange and lay bricks the operation footwork, build gimmick and bodily movement of practising Wushu action by laying bricks or stones; It is characterized in that:

(1) construction tool of laying bricks adopts big shovel, and the shovel face is triangular in shape greatly. and the shovel limit is mild arc line shaped, and the width of shovel is 190mm, the length 110mm of shovel, spade centre-to-centre spacing shovel face 45mm.

(2) build a brick operation footwork, build gimmick by laying bricks or stones and bodily movement of practising Wushu has 4 actions: the shovel ash is taken brick → turn round shop ash → shove and is connect and scrapes surplus slurry → with surplus slurry and get rid of into joint and stitch;

Described shovel ash takes brick to be:

1) shovel ash

Adopt big shovel shovel ash, touch the mortar surface, shakeout immediately with wrist and one change and plug in the shovel shovel and get suitable lath gently when the shovel end;

2) take brick

Selected a certain brick in the brick heap of marshalling scratched taking-up with forefinger, changes wrist holder brick then and turns to bricklaying surface, and palm turned downwards when building by laying bricks or stones builds by laying bricks or stones with the fingerhold fragment of brick;

Shovel is grey and take brick to finish simultaneously;

The described shop ash of turning round is: little curved back leg is stretched, when centre of body weight moves to foreleg, spread out mortar conveniently;

Described shove and connect and scrape surplus slurry and be: during shove brick is dropped on long (wide) the 2/3 lath place of brick, the mortar horizontal sliding that will exceed gray seam thickness is clamp-oned in the seam of meeting and discussing; If the lath thickness of spreading out surpasses 20mm, be built into the thick mortar joint of 10mm, rubbing when utilizing shove makes fragment of brick produce quiver, and mortar is shaken produces liquefaction, and the deadweight mortar that utilizes brick is by ironed; Push through in the journey rubbing, a part of mortar is clamp-oned in the perps of lower floor's brick, filling up the seam shove deficiency of meeting and discussing;

Described surplus slurry is got rid of into joint seam is: when carrying out shove, in time connect with big shovel and scrape the surplus slurry of extruding from mortar joint, land ash with minimizing; Connect when scraping surplus slurry, big shovel must connect before by back with the shove direction and scrape, and subsequently surplus slurry is got rid of in the joint seam or return to scrape and take back ash-pit, connects to scrape surplus slurry and shove is finished simultaneously.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: relatively reduced the waste motion in the building process with original method, given full play to the human potential, improved work efficiency, reduced labor strength, improved construction quality.

Figure of description

Fig. 1 shovels structural representation greatly;

Fig. 2 is brick and ash-pit layout plan;

Fig. 3 is the footwork schematic diagram of laying bricks;

Fig. 4 takes brick action schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 builds the gimmick that the bar brick " gets rid of ";

Fig. 6 is the gimmick of building bar brick " button ";

Fig. 7 builds the gimmick that the bar brick " sprinkles ";

Fig. 8 is the gimmick of building bar brick " slide ";

Fig. 9 is the gimmick of building header " button ";

Figure 10 is the gimmick of building header " slide ";

Figure 11 builds the gimmick that header " sprinkles ";

Figure 12 is the shove schematic diagram;

Figure 13 is the movement decomposition figure that bends over;

Figure 14 is the action schematic diagram of laying bricks of the present invention.

The specific embodiment

Now further specify method of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments.

Embodiment

One, instrument and material are prepared

1, instrument is prepared

The instrument of laying bricks is big shovel; Big shovel is used for shovel and gets mortar.When building by laying bricks or stones, get with big shovel shovel and can just in time satisfy a needed mortar of brick shove, spread grey skill by using again, make the lath length and width dozen on bricklaying surface suitable, even thickness, once-forming.

The specification of big shovel as shown in Figure 1, the shovel face is triangular in shape. shovel limit camber line is milder, and the width of shovel is 190mm, the length 110mm of shovel, spade centre-to-centre spacing shovel face 45mm.The big shovel of above-mentioned size is convenient to shovel and is got suitable lath.The angle of spade is moderate, makes the wrist of holding shovel stressed mild, excessive too small angle, and it is tired all can to allow the wrist joint place produce.The shovel face is made with the scratch tape saw blade, and handle is with making such as softwood such as poplars, is holding soft more comfortablely than sandalwood handle, and can absorb hand perspiration.Shovel heavily is about 0.25kg, and the comparison dexterity operates.

Digging adze is the instrument that is used for beating brick.Adopt the plane adze that uses at present just can meet the demands.

2, the preparation of brick and mortar

Mainly be to watering the requirement of brick degree and mortar workability, water-retaining property.Water brick and will guarantee that the mortar workability is good, be not only, also can play reducing labor intensity, improving the effect of building efficient by laying bricks or stones in order to guarantee masonry quality.

(1) preparation of brick

The preparation of brick is meant that the brick to the acceptance(check) of marching into the arena waters.Water brickwork and do to carry to carry out the previous day, the surface of brick is air-dry for well slightly to see when building by laying bricks or stones, takes like this masonry walls can not cross wet finger because of the brick face and is soaked the sense of increase mill.Water the break flour that brick can wash away the brick surface, the bonding surface of favourable brick and mortar sees that another effect of dried brick is to draw a part of excessive moisture in the mortar, the packing of reinforced mortar after building by laying bricks or stones.

Use hacking can draw more moisture, mortar is dewatered in early days, reduce mortar strength; With wet excessively masonry walls,, mortar strength is reduced because wet brick can not absorb excessive moisture in the mortar.Therefore, hacking and wet excessively brick all should not adopt.

Brick is in the process that absorbs mortar moisture, make between the mortar aggregate to shrink and draw close, facilitate and screed between produce stronger absorption affinity, add that continue to lay bricks in top and the pressure effect of other loads, mortar in the mortar joint ten gesture that become are closely knit, help improving brickwork intensity.

(2) preparation of mortar

The preparation of mortar is meant by the match ratio requirement measures and mixes the system mortar.Mortar must have good working performance.With workability good mortar and the suitable masonry walls of humidity, also help and reduce bricklayer labour intensity, improve and build efficient by laying bricks or stones.

Water retention is another characteristic of mortar, because the mortar of mixing out can not use up at once, needs one section transportation and resting period.Water retention requirement mortar (was generally 2 hours) within a certain period of time precipitation or excreting water phenomenon does not take place.The water retentivity of mortar that general workability is good, the inferior grade cement mortar produces precipitation easily, and therefore, masonry mortar preferably uses the cement mixing mortar.

The effect of water retention also is to make the mortar of block in mortar joint not siphoned away moisture too much by brick, to preserve a certain amount of water for cement aquation.This mainly is the materials such as cement, lime putty in the mortar, forms the compactness material in the brick water absorption course, stops up capillary passage, hinder or delay moisture to be siphoned away by brick more, and the inferior grade cement mortar is not accomplished this point.

Some operator does not understand the effect of mortar workability, water conservation, and excess admixture plastifying material when mixing the system mortar is wanted to reach and built the labour-saving purpose by laying bricks or stones, and the result makes to be full of lubricated (low strong) plastifying material between the mortar aggregate, and mortar strength can obviously descend.Build a wall with such mortar, mortar joint can produce transversely deforming owing to be subjected to the pressure-acting of body of wall deadweight, seriously reduces the intensity of masonry.

Two, the operating surface environment is arranged and footwork

1, the operating surface environment is arranged: the position that brick and ash-pit are laid on operating surface, the person builds by laying bricks or stones to answer the handled easily, lays improper meeting and upsets footwork, increases and builds waste motion by laying bricks or stones.

As shown in Figure 2, the placement of ash-pit is begun by the corner, and 0.8 meter away from corner be of first ash-pit apart from placing, is placed double brick during all the other ash-pits are pressed 1.5 meters between the ash-pit, require marshalling.Meet not blowing of door and window mouth place, the ash-pit position is corresponding withdraws from the other 0.8m of door and window mouth, reserves the aisle of about 500mm between material and the wall.

2, footwork

As shown in Figure 3.Lay bricks and take the people to build direction of advance (regress and build) dorsad by laying bricks or stones.During initial building by laying bricks or stones, the people tiltedly stands into the T-shaped step, and back leg is near ash-pit, and this station method has following advantage:

(1) the T-shaped step is that a kind of standing stablized strong posture, can adapt to the variation of building the far and near height in position by laying bricks or stones, only just can finish the task of building by laying bricks or stones with gravity center of human body's conversion between the leg of front and back;

(2) back leg is near ash-pit, holds the hand of shovel and back leg at same position, can finish the action of shovel ash slightly once bending over;

(3) take " kerve block method ", make the person's of building by laying bricks or stones sight line can see the brick layer that puzzles all the time, find the line of apsides or, be convenient to timely correction with problems such as line have some setbacks with the line situation.In addition, " kerve block method " makes that to build action by laying bricks or stones consistent with the direction of body movement, the action of not turning back, finishing lays bricks move spryr and light.

Step a step by the T-shaped step, can build the long body of wall of 1m.Build to nearly body, foreleg retreated for half step, became the step arranged side by side just in the face of wall, can build the long body of wall of 500mm again.After finishing building back leg is moved to another ash-pit nearby, at this moment become again T-step, again finish as above action.T-shaped goes on foot and the step arranged side by side is shoveled center of gravity grey, people when taking brick at back leg, turns round and spreads ash, shove, and center of gravity moves to foreleg again, and this centre of body weight is at the alternating activity regularly of asking of two legs, and similar people's walking meets human physiological activity's rule, and difficult generation is tired.

T-step is stood and should more arbitrarily be changed step pitch according to building the position by laying bricks or stones from the health distance, and body movement will be more freely.One goes on foot partly the just in time complete amount of building by laying bricks or stones of growing into the 1.5m body of wall, with corresponding apart from 1.5m in the ash-pit.

On many building sites, the ash-pit position is not quite noticeable, the ash-pit that has is laid spacing and is surpassed 1.5m, make the person's of building by laying bricks or stones body position can not be near ash-pit, or reach bricklaying surface after from ash-pit, getting ash, like this, not only strengthen the body movement amplitude, make shovel ash and take brick not carry out simultaneously, turn round that build by laying bricks or stones also may mobile step, upset the whole action rule of building by laying bricks or stones.

Three, build gimmick, bodily movement of practising Wushu action by laying bricks or stones

1, shovel ash and take brick

(1) shovel ash: adopt big shovel shovel ash, touch the mortar surface, shakeout immediately with wrist and change and plug in the shovel shovel and get suitable lath gently when the shovel end.

The shovel ash is built any position for spreading the ash service, is to build bar brick or header, and the grey strip that scoops up is differentiated.The action of incorrect shovel ash or random shovel are got mortar, and the lath that spreads out is difficult to accomplish once-forming, also will adjust and shakeout the mortar action, and this will increase unnecessary action.

It is accurate and suitable lath earlier with the surface of shakeouing the interior mortar of ash-pit at the bottom of the shovel, is convenient to shovel the lath of getting various shapes before the shovel ash like this to want to shovel the amount of getting.Shakeout the mortar action two effects are arranged: the one, because the mortar surface stays rugged vestige behind each shovel ash, get ash if directly plug in shovel, just be difficult to the accurate and suitable lath of the amount of getting.The 2nd, it is for surveying the depth of mortar in the ash-pit that skilled bricklayer is shakeout mortar with shovel.Because in laying bricks fast, the notice of bricklayer and sight line be used for selecting brick and shove, with line, and the shovel ash is got with the sensation shovel of hand often, touches the mortar surface when the shovel end, shakeouts immediately with wrist and plug in shovel and can shovel and get suitable lath once turning to gently.Finish the grey action request of shovel accurately and rapidly.

(2) take brick: selected a certain brick in the brick heap of marshalling, scratched taking-up with forefinger, to change wrist holder brick then and turn to bricklaying surface, palm turned downwards when building by laying bricks or stones builds by laying bricks or stones with the fingerhold fragment of brick.

Take the action of brick as shown in Figure 4; selected a certain brick in the brick heap of marshalling; pull up taking-up with forefinger; turn to then wrist holder brick and turn to bricklaying surface, palm turned downwards when to be built by laying bricks or stones builds by laying bricks or stones with the fingerhold fragment of brick, like this; make finger firmly very little when finishing the shove action; moment finishes, and has reduced the time that finger contacts with brick, has also protected hand.Because hand tray brick and fingerhold brick shove when taking brick, two kinds of actions hocket, and help alleviating the labour intensity of hand.

Shovel is grey and take brick to finish simultaneously.If do not certainly lead to not simultaneously, the prolongation between the quiet stopping time of a certain action.As when building dry wall, selecting brick, arbitrarily take a brick, seen and improperly selected again second, at this moment shovel ash action is finished, certainly will be holding on the other hand a shovel ash to wait another picking brick, but also curved waist, in this case, waist, shank and the muscles of the arm all keeping tension force, have increased physical demands, easily produce tired.Good next piece brick when taking this piece brick when brick is selected in skilled bricklayer because the clear water metope is only used a good face of brick, can be finished in building process select the brick action fully.When begining to learn the shovel ash and taking brick, always have the situation after having earlier, after grasping the essential of exercise, through exercise after a while, very fast meeting is skilled, and two actions are finished simultaneously.

2, gimmick

Turn round the shop ash: shovel figure grey, that take brick will be prepared for turning round the grey shove in shop.Turn round the start of a race as the sportsman, utilize little curved back leg to stretch mutually, when centre of body weight moves to foreleg, spread out conveniently mortar.Because building the position by laying bricks or stones is from far near, is changing from low to high, always uses a kind of ash laying tactics, not only can not adapt to give and build the needs that the position changes by laying bricks or stones, continued of a specified duration and can produce Local muscle fatigue equally.Build position low and far away by laying bricks or stones, the gimmick shop ash of the most handy " getting rid of ".If build near and high position, will become difficultly with getting rid of ash, so that upset footwork, increase waste motion, the lath that throws away is difficult for obtaining desirable effect.Therefore, solve building by laying bricks or stones of different parts with different shop ash gimmicks.

(1) builds the gimmick that the main gimmick of bar brick has " get rid of, detain, sprinkle, slip "

1) gets rid of

" getting rid of " is one of quick chimney bond fundamental hand work, is applicable to that block is from the low and far away body of wall position of health.Shovel is got mortar and is even strip-shaped, builds the position by laying bricks or stones when big shovel rises to, and the shovel face is turn 90 degrees palm turned upwards, and stretcher face center throws away, make mortar be strip and evenly fall, with wrist upwards twist tie arm on the power of choosing finish.Fig. 5 is seen in the action of " getting rid of ".

2) button

Be applicable to the body of wall of building nearly height position.Footwork slightly has change, and foreleg recession half goes on foot, and just in the face of wall, during the shovel ash, turns to ash-pit take back leg as the axle center, spreads to transfer to again when ash is built by laying bricks or stones just to face wall.It is the same that shovel is got grey strip, and lath is deducted in backhoe, and shovel face moving line is just in time opposite with " getting rid of ", is the action of turning back, and palm turned downwards, utilizes arm forward thrust button knockout to starch.Fig. 6 is seen in action.

The characteristics of motion of " getting rid of " with " button " is identical: shovel is got long lath for 160mm, wide 40～50mm, thick about 30mm, by " getting rid of " and " button ", makes that lath pulls into about long 260mm, thick 20mm, the shape of the wide 60～80mm of being.Spreading the ash action all is to get mortar by the ash-pit shovel, turns round before the carry-on body weight mind-set motion and takes advantage of a situation and spread out, and moves terse.In the wide wall of bat, ordinary circumstance remains the action rule of " four get rid of two buttons ", " getting rid of " and " button " blocked operation.

3) sprinkle

Be applicable to the body of wall of building nearly body position and building the health rear portion.Shovel is got the lath of flat, extracts on the bricklaying surface, and with the upset of shovel face, handle is front, and parallel pushing ahead sprinkles lath, and Fig. 7 is seen in action.This action is simpler than " getting rid of " and " button ", and the wrist of can swinging one's arm rotation is half " sprinkling " and partly " gets rid of " action, replaces the arm horizontal sliding.It is little that half bold and vigorous half whipping is made scope, is applicable to fast ' lay bricks.The lath that bold and vigorous ash is spread out is led tabular, and lath thickness is 15mm, and it is steady to put brick during shove, and the lath shove is laborsaving than getting rid of.Also can adopt " far get rid of closely and sprinkle ", special health can not retreat in the end of building to body of wall, arm can be stretched to the rear portion and finish the shop ash with the gimmick of sprinkling.

4) slip

Being applicable to the block angle brick, is the ash action of the simplest shop.Shovel is got the flat lath, shovel is delivered to the position, corner take out the shovel ash that falls than Qi Qiang limit, and Fig. 8 is seen in action.Can reduce when adopting this gimmick to build angle brick and land ash.

(2) building the main gimmick of header has

1) button

It is suitable that to get rid of in building outer header be 37 walls.The front portion was lower slightly when shovel was got lath, and the lath that is buckled on the brick face is the thick slightly commentaries on classics of collar extension, sees Fig. 9.An ash mouthful outside is easy to accomplish tight behind the shove like this, sometimes also mixes to scrape empty point action with the shovel limit, makes the collar extension seam of meeting and discussing be crowded with mortars, and the action of button does not have complicated skill, easily grasp.

2) slip

Be applicable to header in the block.Shovel is got lath and is flat, and the front portion is slightly thick, when spreading ash arm is extended through directrix, and the shovel limit is taken out and shoveled ash than Qi Qiang limit, sees Figure 10.

3) sprinkle, see Figure 11.

Be applicable to the header of the outer dry wall of inner pin hand block.Shovel is got the flat lath, and the ash point that falls when sprinkling ash moves 20mm inwards, becomes the neat reducing seam that connects about dark 10mm behind the shove.Save and scrape surplus slurry and reduce the joint working amount of ploughing.Block adopts anti-" sprinkling " gimmick of horizontal drawing at a distance from health, builds and closely is in usefulness " just bold and vigorous " gimmick, because just bold and vigorous " grey area is wider, is equivalent to the shop ash area of one and half headers, can do like this action of " spreading two blocks three ".Namely spread grey upper 1 brick of building the first time, the surplus upward area of blind header mortar connects and spreads the ash second time, namely forms the area of two brick mortars, picks up conveniently two bricks when shoveling ash for the second time and is placed on the bricklaying surface, builds 1 and connects 1 of block again, has reduced the action of once bending over.

(3) shove is scraped surplus slurry with connecing, and sees Figure 12,

Brick should be dropped on long (wide) the 2/3 lath place of brick during shove, the mortar horizontal sliding that will exceed gray seam thickness is clamp-oned in the seam of meeting and discussing.Sometimes the lath thickness that spreads out surpasses 20mm, be built into the thick mortar joint of 10mm, presses, rubs with the hands or strike the actions such as brick with brute force, often will spend bigger strength.This is that it is ironed that mortar is difficult to because between the sand of mortar aggregate frictional resistance is arranged.If rubbing in the time of utilizing shove makes fragment of brick produce quiver, the mortar vibration produces liquefaction, has weakened intergranular frictional resistance, utilizes the deadweight of brick need not use too big strength, and mortar is just by ironed.Push through in the journey rubbing, a part of mortar is clamp-oned in the perps of lower floor's brick, fill up joint seam shove deficiency.

When carrying out shove, big shovel should in time connect scrapes the surplus slurry of extruding from mortar joint, lands ash with minimizing.Connect when scraping surplus slurry, big shovel should connect before by back with the shove direction and scrape, and subsequently surplus slurry is got rid of in the seam of meeting and discussing or return to scrape and take back ash-pit, connects to scrape surplus slurry and should finish simultaneously with shove.Once scrape unonly, can turn round back shovel when getting ash, scrape once by returning behind the forward direction, surplus slurry is taken back ash-pit, build the shovel ash action of next piece brick.As build dry wall and return and scrape action and can change into spear and plough the seam action, building a wall operation simultaneously, finish part and plough joint working.Shove connects to be scraped surplus slurry and sees simultaneously Figure 12 a; Build outer bar brick and connect and scrape surplus paste-making method and see Figure 12 b, build header and connect and scrape surplus slurry and see Figure 12 c; Surplus slurry got rid of in the joint seam see Figure 12 d.

3, bodily movement of practising Wushu

Bodily movement of practising Wushu mainly refers to lay bricks bends over and the action rule of arm.Most bricklayers of past are to carry out brickwork with the single action of bending over, and day block thousand bricks are bent over thousand times, and labour intensity is very big really, occur earlier easily tired.

Correct bodily movement of practising Wushu is to change the waist action according to the variation of building the position by laying bricks or stones.When shovel ash, when taking brick, should take to lean to one side to bend over, utilize back leg little curved, tiltedly take on and lean to one side to bend over to reduce the health height, arm stretches into ash-pit, just can shovel mortar very soon, finishes simultaneously by the brick action because the time is short, waist is only born extremely slight load.After finishing shovel ash and taking brick, turn round when spreading ash and building by laying bricks or stones, with touch turn centre of body weight is shifted to foreleg and just become to bend over by stretching back leg, must guard against with single waist twisting and finish touch turn.Because action links up, the compound muscle activity by leg, shoulder and waist three parts form has alleviated single labour intensity of bending over.Just bending over to change according to the distance of building the position by laying bricks or stones, be convertible into again the action of bending over of two kinds of differences and finish.The one, build when health position far away, with T-shaped step just bend over (health, center of gravity is at foreleg); The 2nd, when building, foreleg regained partly go on foot into the step arranged side by side bend over (center of gravity reduction) to nearly body position.Making like this lays bricks bends over by the lateral bending waist---T-shaped step bend over, lateral bending waist---the step alternating activity of bending over side by side can be avoided the overweight situation of waist muscle localised load.The conversion regularly of this muscle activity, for reducing labor intensity, protection bricklayer waist health is useful.

The stoop labor intensity of laying bricks neither be unalterable, when minuent is bent over, and waist labour intensity maximum; Along with the increase of building wall height, the intensity of bending over relaxes to some extent, and therefore, the labour intensity of bending over is by the process that dies down by force.The labour intensity of arm is just in time opposite with waist, is to change from weak to strong.When just building by laying bricks or stones, bricklayer need be carried out minuent and bends over to build by laying bricks or stones, and waist labour intensity maximum at this moment, and the activity of building by laying bricks or stones of arm does not have hoisting depth, is that plumbing arm is built by laying bricks or stones takes brick the shortest to spreading the distance that ash builds by laying bricks or stones from shoveling ash, and therefore, arm is firmly very little.When body of wall was built to 0.8～1m, waist was taken brick to lean to one side to bend over to turn round into orthostatism by the shovel ash and is built by laying bricks or stones, and at this moment the waist muscle activity intensity dies down, and rise increases gradually and the old labour intensity of arm is built highly with pin.Build to the height more than the 1m when body of wall, become cantilever position and build by laying bricks or stones, not only need hand to cherish flat the act firmly, the bricklayer that stature is not high also is aided with towering internal organs, the foot of standing on tiptoe is just enough gone up bricklaying surface.At this moment take on arm and firmly reach simultaneously maximum, also because bricklaying surface is too high, affect diopter, spread grey poor accuracy, make to build by laying bricks or stones and slow in one's movementsly get off, increase between the quiet stopping time of terrified arm action, can very fast generation fatigue. therefore, the regulation that a step frame can be built height has certain science reason.

Grasp the strong and weak rule of exchanging of waist and arm labour intensity, the person of building by laying bricks or stones exercises one's skill in should closing, and regulates muscle power in the building process yak that disappears.For example, when minuent bent over to lay bricks, the person's of building by laying bricks or stones diopter was wide, and the arm scope of activities is little, and is firmly little again, utilizes this advantage to accelerate the speed of building by laying bricks or stones, just can shorten the low activity duration of bending over, the corresponding waist labour intensity that alleviates.When building the high-order bit body of wall, if keep the continuity of action, utilize the shovel of leaning to one side to bend over to hold up by turning round behind the brick front, both arms with in after, forms a swing trend, brick and shovel ash are risen to build the position by laying bricks or stones, also can play and alleviate arm and firmly act on.Certainly, for building generous body of wall or wall outside attached wall piled bricks by laying bricks or stones, suitably reduce the scaffold building height, also can play the effect that reduces physical demands, guarantees masonry quality.

Three kinds of minuents; The movement decomposition of bending over is seen Figure 13.(a), shovel ash are taken brick (lean to one side to bend over, people's center of gravity is at back leg) among the figure; (b), turn round (utilizing back leg to stretch cooperation turns round); (c), get rid of ash (the T-shaped step just bends over, and center of gravity moves to foreleg); (d), shove is double scrapes surplus slurry; (e), surplus ash is got rid of into (with the foreleg is the center, and health keeps balance) in the seam of meeting and discussing; (f), build and closely to be in (retreated for half step, or the posture of just bending over).

By the analysis to human action in the operating process of laying bricks, of the present invention laying bricks composite move totally 4 steps as shown in figure 14: both hands shovel simultaneously ash and take brick A → turn round to spread grey B → shove and connect simultaneously and scrape surplus slurry C → with surplus slurry and get rid of and stitch D into meeting and discussing.

This just makes brick of original block with 17 actions, is simplified to 4 actions, greatly reduces the person's of building by laying bricks or stones labour intensity, has improved and has built efficient by laying bricks or stones.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of common brick rapid building construction method, the preparation, operating surface environment that comprises lay bricks construction tool and material preparation, brick and mortar arrange and lay bricks the operation footwork, build gimmick and bodily movement of practising Wushu action by laying bricks or stones; It is characterized in that:

One) construction tool of laying bricks adopts big shovel, and the shovel face is triangular in shape greatly. the shovel limit is mild arc line shaped, and the width of shovel is 190mm, the length 110mm of shovel, handle center to shovel face apart from 45mm;

Two) build a brick operation footwork, build gimmick by laying bricks or stones and bodily movement of practising Wushu has 4 actions; Shovel ash is taken brick → turn round shop ash → shove and is connect and scrapes surplus slurry → with surplus slurry and get rid of into joint and stitch.

2, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described shovel ash by brick, and shovel is grey and take brick to finish simultaneously; Specifically:

1) shovel ash

Adopt big shovel shovel ash, touch the mortar surface, shakeout immediately with wrist and one change and plug in the shovel shovel and get suitable lath gently when the shovel end;

2) take brick

Selected a certain brick in the brick heap of marshalling scratched taking-up with forefinger, changes wrist holder brick then and turns to bricklaying surface, and palm turned downwards when building by laying bricks or stones builds by laying bricks or stones with the fingerhold fragment of brick.

3, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described shop ash of turning round is: little curved back leg is stretched, when centre of body weight moves to foreleg, spread out mortar conveniently.

4, according to claim 1 or 3 described common brick rapid building construction methods, it is characterized in that turning round the mortar that spreads out that spreads ash and divide block bar brick and build two kinds of different ash laying tactics of header.

5, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ash laying tactics of building the bar brick gets rid of, detains, sprinkles, slips four kinds.

6, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ash laying tactics of building header has button, slide, sprinkles three kinds.

7, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described surplus slurry is got rid of into joint seam is: when carrying out shove, in time connect with big shovel and scrape the surplus slurry of extruding from mortar joint, land ash with minimizing; Connect when scraping surplus slurry, big shovel must connect before by back with the shove direction and scrape, and subsequently surplus slurry is got rid of in the joint seam or return to scrape and take back ash-pit, connects to scrape surplus slurry and shove is finished simultaneously.

8, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described shove and connect scraping surplus slurry and being: during shove brick is dropped on long (wide) the 2/3 lath place of brick, the mortar horizontal sliding that will exceed gray seam thickness is clamp-oned in the seam of meeting and discussing; If the lath thickness of spreading out surpasses 20mm, be built into the thick mortar joint of 10mm, rubbing when utilizing shove makes fragment of brick produce quiver, and mortar is shaken produces liquefaction, and the deadweight mortar that utilizes brick is by ironed; Push through in the journey rubbing, a part of mortar is clamp-oned in the perps of lower floor's brick, filling up the seam shove deficiency of meeting and discussing.

9, common brick rapid building construction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that operating surface environment layout is: the placement of ash-pit is begun by the corner, first ash-pit is from corner 800mm, and all the other ash-pits are pressed among the 1500mm apart from placing the double brick of placement marshalling between the ash-pit; Meet not blowing of door and window mouth place, the other 800mm of door and window mouth is withdrawed from the ash-pit position, reserves the aisle of 500mm between material and the wall.

Images