CN101338457B - Method for preparing polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material - Google Patents
Method for preparing polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101338457B CN101338457B CN2008100415339A CN200810041533A CN101338457B CN 101338457 B CN101338457 B CN 101338457B CN 2008100415339 A CN2008100415339 A CN 2008100415339A CN 200810041533 A CN200810041533 A CN 200810041533A CN 101338457 B CN101338457 B CN 101338457B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of polyolefin micro/nano fiber non-woven material. The preparation method comprises the procedures that (1) high polymer and cellulose ester are mixed in the mass ratio of 1:2.3 to 20; then the high polymer and the cellulose ester undergo the process of melt spinning by a double-screw extruder; and the high polymer and the cellulose ester are winded at the winding speed of 300 to 800m/min to form the multi-component fiber of the polyester/cellulose ester that is scattered at a micro/nano scale in a cellulose ester substrate; (2) the cellulose ester in the multi-component fiber of polyester/cellulose ester is removed by acetone solution to acquire the micro/nano fiber aggregate of the high polymer with continuous thermo-plasticity; the fiber aggregate is carded by a carding machine; a net is crosswise made to form a fluffy fiber net; and after being strengthened and molded by aqua tex, pinpricking or thermo-compression, the non-weaving material is made. The preparation method has the characteristics that the method is efficient, controllable and environment-friendly and has high added value. In addition, the preparation method facilitates mass-production and the acquired polyolefin micro/nano fiber non-woven material non-weaving material has an outstanding effect on filtration absorption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation field of nonwoven material, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.
Background technology
In numerous chemical fibre new products, the superfine fibre goods are fashionable international market with its particular performances, and each major company of the world competitively develops, and constantly puts out a new product, and the market of superfine fibre is had an optimistic view of day by day.Simultaneously, superfine fibre is applied on the nonwoven product by success, makes the nonwoven material quality be greatly improved, and has expanded the Application Areas of nonwoven material.The nonwoven material made from superfine fibre has following characteristic: 1. fibre diameter is little, and bending stiffness is very little, the feel particularly soft; 2. specific fiber surface is long-pending big, and adsorptivity strengthens, and detergency improves, and has extremely strong clean filtering function; 3. fibre diameter is little, and number of fiber is many in the unit are, and spreadability, bulkiness are good, have outstanding waterproof and breathable effect.Just because of the excellent properties that superfine fibre is given nonwoven material, make the superfine fibre nonwoven material all be widely used at aspects such as liquid or air filtration, function protective clothing, synthetic leather, high-efficiency cleaning materials.In the employed raw material of nonwoven material, chemical fibre accounts for 85%, and natural fabric accounts for 15%.And that polyester accounts for half of chemical fibre is strong, has the suitable market competitiveness in the nonwoven material field.Therefore, along with the continuous expansion of development of superfine fibre nonwoven material and application, it is particularly important that hyperfine polyester fiber seems.
The preparation method of used superfine fibre mainly contains in the nonwoven material at present: ultra-drawing method, bi-component composite spinning method, direct spinning etc.But these method ubiquities and are yielded poorly, equipment investment is big, and the fibre fineness of preparing such as is restricted at problem.After-drawing technology controlling and process instability, equipment productive rate as the super drawing method be low, be difficult to adapt to large-scale production.The bi-component composite spinning mainly comprises " deciding the island " and " indefinite island " two kinds of " sea-island " type spin processes, polyester superfine fibre utilizes the preparation of " deciding the island " and " indefinite island " method that report is all arranged, yet when the dissolving matrix component, reclaim difficulty, discharging pollutes environment, and when adopting the spinning of " deciding the island " type, filament spinning component complex structure, difficulty of processing height, equipment investment are big.The most frequently used in the direct spinning is method of electrostatic spinning and meltblown, but the efficient of method of electrostatic spinning is low, and is primarily aimed at solution system; And meltblown only obtains the very little superfine fibre of micron and ultra micro meter ruler etc.Above-mentioned these problems make the research and development of polyester superfine fibre nonwoven material be subjected to very big influence.So, need the efficiently controlled and eco-friendly method of research and development, develop and prepare polyester superfine fibre and nonwoven material thereof.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material, and the inventive method is simple and easy to do, efficiently controlled, environmental friendliness.
The preparation method of a kind of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material of the present invention comprises:
(1) high polymer and cellulose esters are compared blend with the quality of 1:2.3-20, through the double screw extruder melt spinning, under the winding speed of 300-800m/min, reel, be formed on the polyester/cellulose esters multicomponent system fiber that is the dispersion of micro-/ nano yardstick in the cellulose esters matrix;
(2) by solvent the dissolving of the cellulose esters in polyester/cellulose esters multicomponent system fiber is removed, get continuous thermoplastic high polymer micro/nano-fibre aggregate, carding machine combing, cross lapping form fluffy fibre web, and the reinforcing forming method through water thorn, acupuncture or hot pressing obtains nonwoven material again.
High polymer is thermoplastic copolymer or blend in the described step (1), and it accounts for the 2.5-30wt% of multicomponent system fiber; Cellulose esters is the cellulose acetate-butyrate ester.
High polymer is polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate or poly terephthalic acid-ethylene m-phthalate in the described step (1).
Spinning condition is spinning temperature: 250-280 ℃ in the described step (1); Spinnerets: 36 * 0.3mm or 20 * 0.2mm; Cooling condition: middle ring blowing or strong ring blowing.
Solvent is acetone, methyl alcohol or ethanol in the described step (2), the plain ester of energy recycled fiber behind the aqueous precipitation, and the solvent/water mixed system can be recycled through distillation, and preferred acetone is solvent.
The diameter of high polymer micro/nano-fibre aggregate is 50-500nm in the described step (2).
Carding machine in the described step (2) can adopt cover plate-roller formula, and vertically the pin number is selected close district 30-35 row, rare district 10-15 row; Vertically the crown is apart from selecting close district 0.35-0.55mm, rare district 0.45-0.75mm; Cylinder speed is 220-350r/min.
The process conditions of water thorn are in the described step (2): water spray plate aperture 0.08mm, sting liquid drugs injection pressure 15-25 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure 30-50 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed 2-4m/min, the 3-6 road is counted in water thorn road.
Described step (2) is the carding process, and resultant superfine fibre shows the form of assembling on macroscopic view, but the cohesive force between the superfine fibre a little less than, the part can take place under the combing effect of carding clothing hold fibre.Because ultra-fine fiber may be wrapped on the card clothing, influence the quality of fibre web, so adopt the mode of " multiple spot shredding; soft strike ", suitably increase striking point, reduce hired roughneck's speed, reduce hitting power, with the load of the damage that reduces fiber and winding, reduction carding machine, improve the uniformity of fibre web.
It is many that the fibre web of described step (2) is reinforced the mode that can select, according to the character of superfine fibre and the purposes of nonwoven material, generally selects water thorn reinforcement process.When selecting for use the water thorn to reinforce, for obtaining good entanglement effect, key is to choose the specifications and models of each road water thorn water needle plate, and the pressure of water thorn had both made product have good physical property before and after rationally being provided with simultaneously, can effectively reduce the consumption of the energy again.
The present invention has at first prepared the polyester micro/nano-fibre aggregate, using method is efficiently controlled, have universality and environmental friendliness, be applied to the nonwoven material field with it, developed a kind of new polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material, such polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material Filtration Adsorption effect is remarkable, will be in aspects such as liquids and gases filtration, purification performance enormous function.
Beneficial effect
(1) efficiently controlled, the environmental friendliness of the present invention has high added value and is easy to and accomplishes scale production;
(2) the Filtration Adsorption effect of gained polyester superfine fibre nonwoven material is remarkable, will be in aspects such as liquids and gases filtration, purification performance enormous function.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Embodiment 1
1900 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 100 gram polyethylene terephthalate are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains polyethylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 250 ℃; Spinnerets: 36 * 0.3mm; Cooling condition: middle ring blowing; Winding speed: 500m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the multicomponent blended fiber promptly obtains polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate through acetone solution, and the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect prepared polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate, the shredding combing becomes fluffy fibre web, reinforces through the water thorn, promptly gets the polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.The process conditions of water thorn are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 20 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure is 50 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed is 2m/min, water thorn road number is 4 roads.
Embodiment 2
1800 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 200 gram polyethylene terephthalate are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains polyethylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 260 ℃; Spinnerets: 36 * 0.3mm; Cooling condition: middle ring blowing; Winding speed: 800m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the multicomponent blended fiber promptly obtains the continuous micro/nano-fibre aggregate of polyethylene terephthalate through acetone solution, and the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect prepared polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate, the shredding combing becomes fluffy fibre web, reinforces through the water thorn, promptly gets the polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.The process conditions of water thorn are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 20 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure is 40 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed is 2m/min, water thorn road number is 4 roads.
Embodiment 3
1400 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 600 gram polyethylene terephthalate are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains polyethylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 250 ℃; Spinnerets: 20 * 0.2mm; Cooling condition: strong ring blowing; Winding speed: 300m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the multicomponent blended fiber promptly obtains polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate through acetone solution, and the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect prepared polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate, the shredding combing becomes fluffy fibre web, reinforces through the water thorn, promptly obtains the polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.The process conditions of water thorn are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 15 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure is 50 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed is 3m/min, water thorn road number is 3 roads.
Embodiment 4
1600 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 400 gram polytrimethylene terephthalates are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains polytrimethylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 280 ℃; Spinnerets: 20 * 0.2mm; Cooling condition: strong ring blowing; Winding speed: 500m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the blended fiber adopts acetone solution promptly to obtain polytrimethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate, and the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect the continuous micro/nano-fibre aggregate of prepared polytrimethylene terephthalate, become fluffy fibre web, reinforce, promptly obtain the polytrimethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material through the water thorn through the shredding combing.The process conditions of water thorn are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 25 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure is 50 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed is 4m/min, water thorn road number is 6 roads.
Embodiment 5
1800 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 200 gram polybutylene terephthalates are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains polybutylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 260 ℃; Spinnerets: 20 * 0.2mm; Cooling condition: strong ring blowing; Winding speed: 800m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the multicomponent blended fiber through acetone solution obtain polybutylene terephthalate little/the rice fiber assembly, the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect prepared polybutylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate, the shredding combing becomes fluffy fibre web, reinforces through the water thorn, promptly obtains the polybutylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.The process conditions of water thorn are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 20 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure is 30 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed is 2m/min, water thorn road number is 3 roads.
Embodiment 6
1800 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 200 gram poly terephthalic acid-ethylene m-phthalates are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains poly terephthalic acid-ethylene m-phthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 270 ℃; Spinnerets: 20 * 0.2mm; Cooling condition: middle ring blowing; Winding speed: 800m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the multicomponent blended fiber promptly obtains poly terephthalic acid-ethylene m-phthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate through acetone solution, and the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect the continuous micro/nano-fibre aggregate of prepared poly terephthalic acid-ethylene m-phthalate, the shredding combing becomes fluffy fibre web, reinforces through the water thorn, promptly obtains poly terephthalic acid-ethylene m-phthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.The process conditions of water thorn are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 20bar in advance, and main thorn water needle plate pressure is 30bar, and lace curtaining speed is 2m/min, and water thorn road number is 4 roads.
Embodiment 7
1800 gram cellulose acetate-butyrate esters, 200 gram polyethylene terephthalate are through oven drying, with the two blend after twin-screw spinning machine melt spinning, reeling obtains polyethylene terephthalate/cellulose acetate-butyrate multicomponent blended fiber.Spinning temperature: 280 ℃; Spinnerets: 36 * 0.3mm; Cooling condition: middle ring blowing; Winding speed: 800m/min.Cellulose acetate-butyrate in the multicomponent blended fiber promptly obtains the continuous micro/nano-fibre aggregate of polyethylene terephthalate through acetone solution, and the diameter range of scanning electron microscopic observation nanofiber is 50-500nm.Collect prepared polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre aggregate, the shredding combing becomes fluffy fibre web, through pinprick reinforcement, promptly gets the polyethylene terephthalate micro/nano-fibre non-woven material.The process conditions of acupuncture are: the aperture of water spray plate is 0.08mm, stings liquid drugs injection pressure 20 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure is 50 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed is 2m/min, water thorn road number is 4 roads.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material comprises:
(1) with high polymer and cellulose esters with 1: the quality of 2.3-20 compares blend, through the double screw extruder melt spinning, under the winding speed of 300-800m/min, reel, be formed on the polyester/cellulose esters multicomponent system fiber that is the dispersion of micro-/ nano yardstick in the cellulose esters matrix; Described high polymer is polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate; Described cellulose esters is the cellulose acetate-butyrate ester;
(2) by solvent the dissolving of the cellulose esters in polyester/cellulose esters multicomponent system fiber is removed, get continuous thermoplastic high polymer micro/nano-fibre aggregate, carding machine combing, cross lapping form fluffy fibre web, and the reinforcing forming method through water thorn, acupuncture or hot pressing obtains nonwoven material again.
2. the preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: solvent is acetone, methyl alcohol or ethanol in the described step (2), the plain ester of energy recycled fiber behind the aqueous precipitation, the solvent/water mixed system can be recycled through distillation.
3. the preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described solvent is an acetone.
4. the preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter of high polymer micro/nano-fibre aggregate is 50-500nm in the described step (2).
5. the preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the carding machine in the described step (2) adopts cover plate-roller formula, and vertically the pin number selects close district 30-35 capable, and rare district 10-15 is capable; Vertically the crown is apart from selecting close district 0.35-0.55mm, rare district 0.45-0.75mm; Cylinder speed is 220-350r/min.
6. the preparation method of polyester micro/nano-fibre non-woven material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the process conditions of water thorn are in the described step (2): water spray plate aperture 0.08mm, sting liquid drugs injection pressure 15-25 * 10 in advance
5Pa, main thorn water needle plate pressure 30-50 * 10
5Pa, lace curtaining speed 2-4m/min, the 3-6 road is counted in water thorn road.
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CN109914034B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-04-20 | 广东东沁新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of electret polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material |
CN114875578A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-08-09 | 南通大学 | Degradable online spunlace composite filter material and preparation method thereof |
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