CN1013377B - Well-drilling liquid - Google Patents
Well-drilling liquidInfo
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- CN1013377B CN1013377B CN 85107367 CN85107367A CN1013377B CN 1013377 B CN1013377 B CN 1013377B CN 85107367 CN85107367 CN 85107367 CN 85107367 A CN85107367 A CN 85107367A CN 1013377 B CN1013377 B CN 1013377B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a well drilling liquid which comprises at least one polymerized viscosity increaser, at least one polymerized decreased dehydrator and at least one organic polymerized polycation precipitating agent and/or flocculating agent with high molecular weight. The present invention aims to evaluate the possibility of applying the precipitating agent or flocculating agent to improve the solid phase removal of a well drilling liquid.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling fluid, this liquid contains:
A) at least a polymeric viscosifiers
B) at least a polymkeric substance water retaining
C) the organic polycation polymerization of at least a high-molecular weight coagulation agent and/or flocculation agent.
Here, high molecular is meant molecular weight 500, and 000-15000 is between 000.
Generally using rotary drilling method, rotary drilling method during drilling well (oil well or gas well) is to utilize drill bit and the mud of receiving on the drilling rod.Drilling fluid or " mud " are circulated to the shaft bottom by drilling rod, spray from the hydrophthalmia of drill bit, and then, drilling fluid returns out ground by the annular space between drilling rod and the borehole wall or the sleeve pipe (if running casing) again.Drilling fluid or " mud " generally will so that remove the drilling cuttings of taking out of from well, and then circulate through handling after returning out ground.
Drilling fluid has multiple function, thereby should have many ideal rerum naturas and rheological.For example the viscosity of drilling fluid should be able to be carried the shaft bottom landwaste effectively, so that removed on ground.Drilling fluid also should be able to be formed thin impermeability filter cake on the borehole wall, flow near stratum so that prevent excessive liquid from pit shaft.In addition, the drilling fluid solid phase that should be able to suspend is sink to the shaft bottom to prevent it when internal circulating load lowers or interrupt.Adding additive in drilling fluid just can make it reach this performance, because it can make drilling fluid produce a kind of colloidal structure, increased viscosity, but this colloidal structure should have such character, promptly before liquid is recycled to drill bit, with treating plants such as shale shaker and/or hydrocyclones, just can remove the landwaste in the drilling fluid.Drilling fluid also must press near stratum, to prevent that the wall tube from caving in or stratum mesohigh oil or gas inflow pit shaft.Last point is that drilling fluid reply drill string and drill bit play lubricated and cooling effect.
Creep into easy dispersive rock stratum such as shale, often occur the mud solid control problem when muddy limestone and chalk rock stratum.When the broken drilling cuttings in the drilling fluid was carried into ground, the landwaste that piece is little was difficult to remove.The increase of the landwaste of this fritter can cause the viscosity of drilling fluid to increase, and the rate of penetration of drilling operation reduces.The result need dilute mud, so that adjust the state of mud or drilling fluid.
Prevent the better method of drilling cuttings fragmentation to be to use the coating polymkeric substance and/or to suppress salt.These chemical agents can locally stop the landwaste fragmentation, thereby postpone the increase of particulate.Yet, bore easy dispersive rock stratum and finally will carry out the mud dilution unavoidably.
Except that stoping the landwaste fragmentation or the use fine particle method for congregating in generation have the removing of being beneficial to solid phase.
The purpose of this invention is exactly to inquire into flocculation agent to improve the possibility of removing the mud solid phase particle, and emphasis is to inquire into to remove the shale fine particle of flocculation with screen cloth.
Using the purpose of coagulation agent and/or flocculation agent is in order to reduce the stability of suspensoid, make it to form isolating aggregate, so just adopt precipitation, screening, filtration, flotation, centrifugation or other separation method that these aggregates are separated from liquid easily.
Flocculation and two speech of coagulation agent are defined as follows:
Coagulation is meant and gathers process.Mainly be owing to shale particulate electrostatic double layer common phase scolds the reduction of electromotive force to cause; Flocculation is meant and forms irregular loose flucculation structure, normally caused by high molecular weight polymers.It should be noted that some polyelectrolyte can play the coagulation effect and can play throwing out again.
Human molysite and aluminium salt have been arranged as the coagulation agent and be widely used.But facts have proved that the high-molecular weight polyelectrolyte is more effective.
The selection that improves used flocculation agent of sepn process and/or coagulation agent is depended on: 1) isolating type; The kind of 2) suspension solid phase; The concentration of 3) suspension solid phase; 4) character of suspension (component).Particularly polyelectrolyte is difficult to consider to make one's options according to general theory.
Carrying out solid/liquid separation by coagulation agent and/or flocculation agent is the common treatment processs of many industrial sectors, for example wastewater treatment, water purification, ore separation, papermaking, oily water separation etc.
Characteristic to drilling fluid has following requirement:
1. selectivity
Drilling fluid generally contains two kinds of solid phases.A kind of is the solid phase that adds in order to increase viscosity, reduce dehydration and to adjust proportion; Another kind is the landwaste that bores.This invention is used organic polycationic polymer flocculation agent or coagulation agent in order to remove landwaste better, and solvability mud adds interaction but they are also got along well.
2. consistency
Dissolved mud additive and flocculation agent and/or coagulation agent should be compatible fully.Flocculating property should not be subjected to the influence of mud additive; Rheological and filtrate-loss control should not be subjected to the influence of flocculation agent and/or coagulation agent yet.In this mud prescription (containing the high-molecular weight polycationic polymer), there is not opposite interaction.
The wadding piece intensity and size
Landwaste will form the wadding piece in the down-hole if flocculation agent is the original integral part of drilling fluid when downhole crushed one-tenth fine particle, then form the wadding piece if flocculation agent adds drilling fluid with balancing speed in oil outlet pipe.Both of these case all imposes a certain amount of viscous shear to the wadding piece.On the screen cloth (shale shaker) that uses in order to make drilling fluid recover circulation, also can produce bigger mechanical shear force.The application of flocculation agent only the wadding piece carrying and sepn process in have and be only success under the situation at reasonable intermittence.Another important parameter is exactly the fast size of wadding, will form a kind of similar colloidal material and stop up screen cloth if only form very little wadding piece.The organic polycationic polymer flocculation agent of high-molecular weight of the present invention can produce the wadding piece with proper strength and size, and its size is several millimeters of diameters.
4. non-dispersive
Creep into the landwaste that can disperse may bore down during the rock stratum bulk, flocculation agent is to impel these landwaste dispersive, preferably should with the drilling cuttings coating polymer-compatible that contains in the drilling fluid.Drilling cuttings coating and fine particle are assembled the associating system yes the desirable drilling fluid that easily disperses the stratum.Equally, the erosion of the borehole wall and/or expansion issues can not be aggravated owing to the existence of flocculation agent or coagulation agent.
This high-molecular weight polycationic polymer can satisfy above these requirements.
The polycation flocculation agent can be used for gathering fine particle solid phase such as shale, lime mudrock and the chalk rock of multiple suspension in principle.
Conventional practice is to utilize
Soil or other clay solid phase increase the viscosity of drilling fluid.But there's a growing conviction that for present people with suspending
Soil or clay are made the drilling fluid base fluid and are had a serious limitation.
The rheological of soil matrix mud makes the water horse power that is passed to drill bit under given geostatic pressure contain some situation of determining polymkeric substance in than drilling fluid to be much smaller.The viscosity and the solid load of these polymer muds are lower, thereby have caused rate of penetration faster, have reduced the drilling fluid expense.Therefore, the drilling fluid of determining by the present invention contains a kind of polymeric viscosifiers at least.They are: cellulosic cpd such as carboxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy alkyl cellulose, alkyl-hydroxyalkylcelluloswith, alkylcellulose and alkyl carboxyl alkyl cellulose; Polyacrylamide; Natural polygalactomannan such as guanidine glue, Viscogum BE, and the glue that from interior newborn seed, extracts; Starch and various other polysaccharide, the mixed polysaccharide that from pseudomonas SP.NCTB11592, extracts for example, its registered trademark is Shellflo-S.The polymer viscosified agent concentration of drilling fluid is advisable with the 1-50 grams per liter.
As previously mentioned, contain a kind of water retaining at least by requirement drilling fluid of the present invention.The polymkeric substance water retaining that is suitable for is (gel in advance) starch, natural gum, polyanionic cellulosic polymer, sodium polyacrylonitrile, CMC (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) BP/USP and sodium polyacrylate.The water retaining content of drilling fluid is advisable with the 1-50 grams per liter.
In order to improve the efficient of by screen cloth (as vibratory screening apparatus) the fine particle drilling cuttings being separated during the drilling operation from the round-robin drilling fluid, the premium drilling fluid of determining by this invention contains a kind of coating polymkeric substance at least.
The coating polymer content of drilling fluid is the 0.1-10 grams per liter preferably.The coating polymkeric substance that is suitable for is a hydro-polyacrylamide, Polyanionic Cellulose and mixed polysaccharide.
It is very desirable adding the mixed polysaccharide coating polymkeric substance (registered trademark is Shellflo-S) that extracts in drilling fluid from pseudomonas SP.NC IB11592.
The drilling fluid of determining by the present invention should contain certain organic polycationic polymer.Polymericular weight is between 5 * 10
5With 15 * 10
6Between.
According to situation of the present invention, can use any suitable application method.Key issue is to contain the transport fluid of polymkeric substance and the contact between processed each clay particle.Reasonable transport fluid is water or moisture media.Water can contain other compositions, and this composition is to the dispersion of the polymkeric substance in the media and can not dissolve big interference effect.For certain purposes water transport fluid may be gel or multiviscosisty.These compositions or additive can be salt, mineral acid, low molecular organic acids, positively charged ion or nonionogenic tenside (anion surfactant can use together with mutual solvent) or wetting agent.Transport fluid should contain organic polycationic polymer, and the concentration of its coagulation agent or flocculation agent should be about 10 to 5000ppm.Concentration is more high or low can both be used, but impracticable.
Moisture preferably transport fluid is a salts solution, and it contains 0-40% salt approximately even reaches saturation limit under the applied temps condition, and more suitable salt concn is about 2-12%, but concentration up to 35% o'clock or fresh water also all can use.The salt that uses can be the sodium metal-salt, alkaline earth salt, amine salt or its mixing salt.They are fontanelle compound, vitriol, carbonate, oxide compound or its mixture.On economical and deliquescent viewpoint, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, the fontanelle compound of zinc and its mixture are better.When condition is fit to, when organic polycationic polymer and conventional processing program are used simultaneously, can use conventional additive such as sanitas, tensio-active agent, coupling agent, wetting agent and other additives especially.Drilling fluid preferably contains can shrink or prevent expansible acid or salt.
The oil gas well is during running casing; recovering the oil for completion and beginning just needs perforation or gets out open hole section below the sleeve pipe; problem in the well-completion practice of this mouthful well is the perviousness that the liquid in the pit shaft can damage the stratum, and reason is that liquid flows into the stratum rapidly in unrestricted regular meeting often.This well can open hole completion or with flexible linear-shaped charge or perforating bullet perforation.The purpose that adds organic polycationic polymer in well finishing liquid is undermined in order to prevent rate of permeation, because when the pressure ratio reservoir pressure of pit shaft was high, the interior liquid of well can enter the stratum.
Organic polycationic polymer in the drilling fluid of determining by this invention, generally can think to contain as season atom or cationic nitrogen and phosphorous season polymkeric substance, season atom have fat, ring grease and aromatic series chain.
The quaternary nitrogen of available trivalent or uncle's sulfur polymkeric substance and inferior phosphorus.Positively charged ion and carbon atom ratio were advisable with 1: 2 to 1: 36, and molecular weight is higher than about 1000.In these polycationic polymer examples polyvinylamine is arranged, polyvinyl pyridine salt, or PAH salt.
The feature of organic polycationic polymer of the present invention can be with following molecular formula and case representation and explanation:
In the formula
R
1Be alicyclic organic, ring grease or aromatic group (containing the 2-40 carbon atom) or hydrogen group are worked as R
1Z and R during for cycloaliphatic radical
2Can be in ring;
R
2, R
3And R
4Be respectively organic group, and R
1Define identically, contain 0-6 carbon atom, 0-2 Sauerstoffatom or nitrogen-atoms; Work as R
1They may may not exist in organic polycationic polymer chain yet during for cycloaliphatic radical; When
R when Z is sulphur
4Do not exist,
Z is positively charged ion (taking from nitrogen, inferior phosphorus or sulphur);
X is negatively charged ion (as the fontanel ion, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, bisulphate root, hydroxide radical, borate, oxidation azido-, cyano group, phosphate radical etc.).
N is that integer equals desired monomer unit number in the polymkeric substance, and polymericular weight is about 5 * 10
5-15 * 10
6
M is that integer equals the negatively charged ion number that keeps electric neutrality required.
Organically or hydrocarbyl group can be linear, ramose or cycloaliphatic groups, aromatic group, unsaturated group, the group of replacement or mixed group.Organic group can be homoatomic or assorted aliphatic chain, promptly may contain, also may not contain other atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.Organic group can be homocyclic ring or heterocycle, promptly may contain, also may not contain other atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.Therefore, organic group can be alkyl, an aryl that replace or non-replacement, or their associating group, and each group contains 0-40 preferably 0-6 carbon atom.
The big class of top organic polycationic polymer can be divided into following group:
A, alkyl polycationic polymer
In the formula
R
1The straight chain or the branch's alkylidene group that are divalence contain the 2-40 carbon atom, but are best with carbon atom 2-12.
R
2Be contained in R
1In,
R
3Be straight chain or ramose alkyl or hydrogen group, contain 0-6 carbon atom, but 1-3 preferably;
R
4Be definition and R
3Identical group, but may with R
3Equate, also may be unequal, for example, R
3=methyl, R
4=propyl group; R when Z is sulphur
4Do not exist;
Z is that positively charged ion is from nitrogen, derives out in inferior phosphorus or the sulphur;
X is negatively charged ion such as fontanel ion, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, hydroxide radical etc.;
N is an integer, equals monomer unit number required in the polymkeric substance, and polymericular weight is about 5 * 10
5-15 * 10
6;
M is an integer, equals the negatively charged ion number that keeps electric neutrality required.
In this group preferably one group in the pH value greater than 4, particularly when pH is 5-9, be used to transport fluid.In addition preferably in one group, when Z is nitrogen, R
3, R
4In have at least one not to be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and propyl group.
B, heterolipid adoption anionic polymer
In the formula
R
1Be arylidene, alkylidene group, virtue is for alkylidene group, and alkane is for arylidene, alkylene group or their combination base.Work as R
1During for alkyl, contain or hang one or more heteroatomss or heteroatoms group; R
1Be aryl, or can contain during alkaryl and hang one or more heteroatomss or heteroatoms group.R
1Can be the assorted alkyl of straight chain, a large amount of heteroatomss or heteroatoms group side chain also can be arranged.Heteroatoms or heteroatoms group can be ethynylene (CH=CH-) ethynylene (C ≡ C-), aryl, or nitrogen, inferior phosphorus, sulphur (is in regular covalent linkage, selective oxidation, (as sulfone), or state), other heteroatoms or heteroatoms group may be oxygen, hydroxyl, carbonyl or covalency fontanel.Except vinylidene or aryl, heteroatoms or heteroatoms group directly do not combine with Z.
R
2Be a kind of non-substituted aryl, its definition can be as R
1, but do not require and R
1Equate R
2Can be included in R
1In.
R
3Can be the alkyl that contains 1-6 carbon atom, hydrogen maybe can be defined as R
1The monovalence form but do not require and R
1Equate.
R
4Can resemble R
3Define like that, but do not require and R
3Equate.R when Z is sulphur
4Do not exist.
Z is a positively charged ion, is from nitrogen, derives out in inferior phosphorus or the sulphur.
X is negatively charged ion such as fontanel ion, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, hydroxide radical etc.
N is that integer equals the required monomer unit number of polymkeric substance, and polymericular weight is about 5 * 10
5-15 * 10
6
M is that integer equals the negatively charged ion number that keeps electric neutrality required.
Polymkeric substance can pass through R
1, R
2, R
3And R
4Branch, main polymer chain is optional when being this state, and R
1, R
2, R
3And R
4Then can select arbitrarily around any one concrete Z.
A kind of branched polymer of standard is as follows:
For clarity sake, omitted negatively charged ion.
The polycationic polymer of C, band
R
1Be alkylidene group, unsaturated alkylene, the unsaturation alkylene of the alkylidene group of replacement or replacement, it forms a kind of heterocycle that comprises Z.Heterocycle can be an alicyclic ring, and unsaturated alicyclic ring, or aryl rings depend on the degree that it is saturated.Substituting group can be an alkyl, thiazolinyl, alkynyl, or aryl side chain, substituting group also can be included in the ring or be suspended on the ring or branch on heteroatoms or heteroatoms group.Heteroatoms or heteroatoms group can be inferior phosphorus or sulphur (be regular covalency, or the state of oxidation, for example phosphoric acid salt or sulfone), nitrogen, and oxygen, hydroxyl or covalency fontanel, still, heteroatoms or heteroatoms group directly do not combine with Z.
R
2Be included in R
1In.
R
3For hydrogen group or contain 1-6 carbon atom and the organic group of 0-2 oxygen or nitrogen-atoms.Under aryl polycationic polymer situation, monomer unit is to link up by Z or other place on aromatic ring, so R
3May not exist.
R
4And R
3Define identically, but do not require and R
3Equate.When Z is sulphur, R
4Do not exist.
Z is a positively charged ion, is from nitrogen, derives out in inferior phosphorus or the sulphur.
X is a negatively charged ion, as fontanel ion, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, hydroxide radical etc.
N is that integer equals the desired monomer unit number of polymkeric substance, and polymericular weight is about 5 * 10
5-15 * 10
6
M is that integer equals the positively charged ion number that keeps electric neutrality required.
The chain that comprises polymkeric substance may pass through Z, other heteroatomss, R
1(1 or 2 positions), or R
1On side chain.
D, sagging polycationic polymer
In the formula
R
1Can be alkylidene group, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylidene, and their straight chain and ramose combination base.R
1Can contain in following vertical chain, on side chain, or on polymer chain the heteroatoms group of (or therein).Heteroatoms or heteroatoms group can be inferior phosphorus or sulphur, (be regular covalency,, or selective oxidation state, for example sulfone), nitrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl, carbonyl, or covalency fontanel, but heteroatoms or heteroatoms group directly do not combine with Z.Following vertical chain can be to the R that several atomic lengths are arranged from a simple chain
1Side chain, it is attached to Z on the polymer chain.
R
2, R
3And R
4Can be defined as alkyl separately, thiazolinyl, aryl or their mixture, or hydrogen, but they are different from R
1Like that in polymer chain.Work as R
2For aryl and comprise Z in heterocycle and/or Z when being sulphur, R
3Or R
4May not exist.
Z is a positively charged ion, is from nitrogen, and inferior phosphorus or sulphur derive out.Kind is that hydrogen group is no more than two in three R groups preferably.Another preferably kind be to work as R
2For aryl and when nitrogenous, aryl rings has a substituting group at least, or contains other heteroatoms or heteroatoms group.
X is negatively charged ion such as fontanel ion, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, hydroxide radical etc.
N is that integer equals monomer unit number required in the polymkeric substance, and polymericular weight is about 5 * 10
5-6 * 10
6
M is that integer equals the negatively charged ion number that keeps electric neutrality required.
Be example and explanation below with all kinds of polycationic polymers of repeated polymerization unit:
Sulphur polymkeric substance when (1) Z is sulphur
Example is from monomer H
2C=CHCO
2CH
2CH
2S(CH
3)
2Poly--2-acryloxy dimethyl sulfonium muriate R that Cl obtains
1=2-acryloxy ethyl, R
2=methyl, R
3=methyl, R
4=there is not X=chlorine.
R group in top molecular formula and the R group explanation polymkeric substance is not a hydrogen.
Phosphorus polymkeric substance when (2) Z is inferior phosphorus.
Examples of monomers is
H
-CH
2P（C
4H
9）
3Cl
The chlorination three fourth phosphorus that shrink; R
1=glycidyl, R
2=butyl, R
3=butyl, R
4=butyl, X are chlorine.
Positively charged ion Z in the previous example explanation polymkeric substance is sagging and not in polymer chain, at least three R groups are identical.
Quaternary ammonium polymer when (3) Z is nitrogen;
(3a) alkyl, the non-sagging situation of quaternary nitrogen, examples of polymer:
Polychlorostyrene dimethyl ethylidene ammonium, examples of polymer:
N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyl-ethylene ammonium and 1, the condensation product of 4-dichlorobutane.
R group in the top example explanation polymkeric substance is not a hydrogen; Positively charged ion Z is in polymer chain, and Z also is in a R group in second example; Wherein two R groups are identical, and two R groups are different, and having two R groups at least is linear aliphatic groups, and the different groups in polymer chain are no more than one or two.
(3b) situation of non-sagging quaternary nitrogen in ring, examples of polymer:
The condensation product of 4-chloropyridine.
(3c) alkyl, aryl, the non-sagging situation of quaternary nitrogen, examples of polymer:
The 1-(4-pyridyl)-3-chloropropane condensation product; Another examples of polymer:
Pyrazine and 1,2-ethylene dichloride condensation product;
Previous example explanation polymkeric substance has one or more positively charged ion Z groups in polymer chain, and also in aromatic group, this aromatic group is also in polymer chain.Polymkeric substance is also with two different R groups in polymer chain.Therefore, this assorted virtue of example explanation and linear R group are all in polymer chain.
(3d) the alkyl quaternary nitrogen is sagging, examples of polymer:
Polyvinyl TMA (TriMethylAmine) Methylsulfate.
Previous example explanation polymkeric substance has sagging positively charged ion Z group and sagging R group, and this R group is the same, but different with the R group in the polymer chain; Therefore, Z and three R groups are not in polymer chain.
(3e) sagging quaternary nitrogen atoms is rolled into a ball on the ring trunk, examples of polymer:
Previous example explanation polymkeric substance has aromatic series and the assorted group in polymer chain; And to have not the sagging positively charged ion Z group on polymer chain and three be not the aliphatic R group of hydrogen.
(3f) sagging quaternary nitrogen atoms is rolled into a ball on carbocyclic ring, examples of polymer:
Poly--4-vinyl benzene methyl trimethoxy ammonium muriate;
(3g) sagging quaternary nitrogen is on the polymethacrylate trunk, examples of polymer:
Poly-(3-iso-butylene acyl-oxygen base-2-Hydroxyproyl Trimethyl ammonium muriate).
The previous example explanation has a R group in polymer chain in different R groups, also have other three aliphatic R groups, and one of them contains the not heteroatoms in polymer chain and a Z group.
Another examples of polymer:
Poly-(3-acrylamido oxypropyl trimethyl ammonium muriate).
Previous example shows that polymkeric substance has sagging R group and the positively charged ion in polymer chain not; And have an aliphatic R group.(one of them is in polymer chain) and a sagging group that contains a heteroatoms and a more than Z group.
(3h) quaternary nitrogen is contained in the sagging heterocycle, examples of polymer:
Poly--4-vinyl-N-picoline iodide
Top molecular formula explanation polymkeric substance has sagging heteroaromatic group, and this group also is a cation group, and they are not in organic polycationic polymer chain.
(3i) quaternary nitrogen is contained in the heterocycle, examples of polymer:
The polymkeric substance of chlorination diallyl dimethyl ammonium.
Top molecular formula illustrates sagging Z positively charged ion and sagging aliphatic R group, has two R groups that carbonatoms is identical at least; Also have two linear aliphatic groups that the carbonatoms in polymer chain is identical.Molecular formula illustrates that also the heterolipid cyclic group in the polymer chain also has hanging portion.
Above the big class of polycationic polymer and group in fact can be linear or ramose is arranged.Example (3a) (3b) is actually linear polymer with (3c) thinking.Example 1, (2) (3d), (3e), (3f), (3g), (3h) He (3i) can think that branch is arranged.These examples explanation branches can be at least by an organic group as example (1), (2), (3d), (3e), (3f), (3g), (3h) and (3i), also can be by cation group as example (3a).Example (3d) (3e), (3f), (3g), (3h) and (3i) also can think that its branch is by cation group or assorted group.
Determine that by this invention drilling fluid also can be used as well finishing liquid or workover fluid.
Following Example is in order to the various particular contents of explanation the present invention, so that make the technician of this respect implement this invention achievement.
Example:
We test the multiple flocculation agent without concentration in various tackifier and water retaining solution, and wherein the flocculating effect experiment is carried out in graduated cylinder.
Observe:
The type of the generation of-flocculation and wadding piece,
The precipitation of-wadding piece,
The turbidity of-supernatant liquid.
These experimental results are used for the preliminary screening flocculation agent.The best flocculation agent of performance is used for further experiment.Make the suspension system flocculation, and it was imposed moderate shear 2 hours, sift out flocculation piece and dry then, measure the rate of recovery with the method that heat is rolled and blade stirs.Experiment is to carry out in the mixing solutions of tackifier and water retaining and single additive solution.In Shellflo-S solution (Shellflo-S is a registered trademark), test has widely been carried out in the influence of flocculation agent and shale granule density.Containing the fresh water of Shellflo-S in order to contrast flocculation agent, Repone K, the effect in sodium-chlor and the calcium chloride solution has been done a large amount of tests.
The coating in shale fine particle and drilling cuttings suspension and the combined effect of flocculating polymer have been studied.
Disperse, the shale of flocculation or coating all is to remove with the screen cloth of 150 microns or 180 microns in all experiments, and has measured the ratio of the resistates that screen cloth stays above.
The filtrate that obtains in flocculation agent consumption experiment is used as flocculation mud again.
The shale (fine particle or drilling cuttings) of all experiment usefulness all is to take from Pi Aier (Pierre) shale of appearing in outstanding his state of the U.S..Table 1 has illustrated the composition of these shale.Table 2 has been introduced used flocculation agent and its whole manufacturing firms and has been described their chemical property as much as possible.
Table 3 has been summed up used whole mud additives, and lists its manufacturing firm and chemical ingredients.
Table 4 has shown the test-results of flocculation agent and coagulation agent and mud additive intermiscibility.With some mud additive incompatible (precipitation), it is breakneck again it being added the conventional drilling fluid that uses as a kind of chemical agent.
Table 5 has provided the result of graduated cylinder flocculating experiment.It illustrates that a kind of mud additive and flocculation agent mixture Pi Aier (Pierre) the suspension shale that can flocculate, that a kind of can not.
Anionic flocculant SS-100(hydro-polyacrylamide) performance extreme difference.
The performance that can sum up positively charged ion XZ-86243 from table 5 is fine.
Rate of recovery when table 6 shows with 100 eye mesh screens processing Pi Aier (Pierre) shale fine particle.The Main Conclusions that can draw from these results is that the flocculation agent that adds the cation high molecular amount can improve the efficient of removing landwaste greatly.
Table 7 shows the flocculating experiment result who makes of various liquid.Since known poor performance at this stage anionic polymer, thus in this a series of test, do not use them, and used more cationic polymers.
Only can not produce flocculation with salt.
Main Conclusions is:
(C581, P.P.C.) performance that demonstrates in all solution is all poor for the flocculation agent of-molecular weight low (molecular weight＜50,000), medium (50000＜molecular weight＜500,000).Obviously, high molecular (5 * 10
5＜molecular weight＜15 * 10
6) can improve the solid phase cleaning effectively.
Although-flocculation agent Nalco4625,4725 and 4780 and activator one to be used from fresh water invalid, be used for salt solution, then better performances or good especially.
It is suitable with fresh water body that-drilling operation uses XZ-86243; This product line of Nalco4625 and 4780(may also have other kind) preferably to use salt solution, C-420 also be like this.
Table 8 has shown flocculation agent Z-420, and the concentration of XZ-86243 and Nalco4625 is to removing the influence of solid phase.Z-420 is effective in the four corner of 10-1000ppm weight; XZ-86243 demonstrates its performance to be improved along with the increasing of concentration.Residual fine grain water content increases along with the increasing of two kinds of effective flocculant concentrations.This situation is great to closing to the processing of useless solid phase.
Fine particle content does not have influence to the rate of recovery in the scope of 0.1-5.0%w/v.In Shellflo-S/ Pi Aier (Pierre) shale suspension, add the C-420 of 500ppm weight and the rate of recovery that XZ-86243 always can obtain 90-100%.
In the great majority experiment, all surveyed the viscosity that contains flocculation agent or do not contain flocculant solution, the viscosity of filtrate has also been done test.Can cause the slight variation of rheological when the consumption of flocculation agent reaches 500ppm, but can not surpass ± 5%.The viscosity of the filtrate generally viscosity than original mud is low, but always below 10%.This is to have considered the high solid phase load of polymer mud additive and the estimated value after the normal sorption.
Table 9 has shown to unite and uses drilling cuttings coating agent and flocculation agent to carry out the effect that fine particle and drilling cuttings reclaim.Obviously, between these two kinds of additives reverse effect does not appear.Also demonstrating XZ-86243 is very effective flocculation agent, and Shellflo-S and SS-100 are extraordinary drilling cuttings inhibitor.
Table 10 has shown three result of experiment of shale.(with reference to Darley, H.C.H., " A Laboratory Investigation of Borehole Stability " J.Pat.Tech., July 1969,833-893A IME, 246) cationic flocculant XZ-86243 has clearly illustrated that its stability to well is inert.
The composition of table 1. Pi Aier (Pierre) shale
Fragment＜2 micron: the 53.6%(clay content)
The component of clay fragments
Montmorillonite 40%w/w
Interlayer 0%w/w
Illite 50%w/w
Chlorite 5%w/w
Kaolin 5%w/w
The kind of table 3. mud additive
The mud additive explanation
Flocgel starch
Stabilose is slight carboxylated starch
The CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
The HEC Natvosol
The Drispac Polyanionic Cellulose
Shellflo-S glycan (amber glycan)
The consistency of table 4. mud additive and flocculation agent
Flocculation agent/coagulation agent
Mud additive SS-100 CP-35 ZX-86243
Stabilose（10）＊ + + +
HEC（4） + + +
CMC-HV（10） + + +
Shellflo-S（1） + + +
S S-100（2） + + +
Drispac（10） + + +
*: in the bracket is mud additive concentration (grams per liter)
+: compatible
-flocculation agent 10,100 and the 1000ppm weight concentration in test
The flocculating effect (graduated cylinder experiment) of the various flocculation agents of table 5. in mud additive solution
Flocculation agent (500ppm weight)
Mud additive SS-100 CP-35 XZ-86243
(negatively charged ion) (positively charged ion) (positively charged ion)
Water+++
Stabilose（10）＊ - + +
Flocgel（10） + + +
CMC-HV（10） - - +
CMC-LV（10） - - +
HEC（1） - + +
Drispac（5） - - +
Enorflo-S（1） - + +
+=flocculation
Not-=do not flocculate
* be concentration (grams per liter) in the bracket
Table 6. reclaims the fine grain rate of recovery of Pi Aier (Pierre) shale with the flocculation agent method
The rate of recovery of 100 eye mesh screens (%)
Mud additive does not have flocculation agent XZ-86243 500ppm wt
Stabilose（1）＊ 36 78
Flocgel（1） 26 65
CMC-HV（1） 27 99
CMC-LV（1） 26 97
Drispac（0.5） 46 98
Enorflo-S（0.1） 41 96
HEC（0.4） 88 93
* be concentration (%w/w) in the bracket
*-flocculant concentration-100ppm weight
Fine particle concentration 40 grams per liters
Table 7, flocculation agent on 80 eye mesh screens to the fine grain recovering effect of Pi Aier (Pierre) shale
The base slurry :-fresh water-: no data available
-3 grams per liter Shellflo-s X: incompatible; Polymer precipitation
-50 grams per liter particulate shale
Table 8. flocculant concentration is to removing the influence of Pi Aier (Pierre) shale particulate with 80 eye mesh screens
Flocculant concentration (ppm weight) uses the residual particulate water content of 80 eye mesh screens
The rate of recovery (%) (%)
C-420 0 ＜10 -
C-420 10 93 12
C-420 100 61 15
C-420 1000 96 28
XZ-86243 0 12 -
XZ-86243 10 12 11
XZ-86243 100 54 26
XZ-86243 1000 93 32
Base slurry: the particulate of the Shellflo-S+4% weight of 0.3% weight
Table 9. flocculation agent and inhibitor are to the combined effect of fine particle and drilling cuttings recovery
Inhibitor (0.2%) flocculation agent (500ppm weight) shale (5% weight) rate of recovery (%)
Shellflo-S XZ-86243 fine particle 98
Shellflo-S XZ-86243 drilling cuttings 93
Shellflo-S Mg-205 fine particle 66
Shellflo-S Mg-205 drilling cuttings 91
SS-100 XZ-86243 fine particle 91
SS-100 XZ-86243 drilling cuttings 94
SS-100 Mg-205 fine particle 57
SS-100 Mg-205 drilling cuttings 94
-condition: 60 ℃ of hot down rollings 24 hours
-Ji slurry: 10 grams per liter Stabilose+10 grams per liter CMC-HV
Table 10. cationic flocculant XZ-86243 is to the influence (in regenerated bark Ai Er (Pierre) shale rock sample) of hole stability
Additive corrodes (%) and collapses the time (branch) of loosing and collapse diffusing type
-17 599 slumps
XZ-86243(0.2%) 19 705 slumps
XZ-86243(0.2%)+KCl(%) 5 do not have that collapsing looses and do not have collapse diffusing
Confining pressure: 255 crust
Base slurry: low viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose CMC-LV10 grams per liter
+ high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose CMC-HV10 grams per liter
Claims (10)
1, a kind of drilling fluid is characterized in that wherein containing: at least a polymeric water retaining c a) at least a polymeric tackifier b)) agent of the organic polycation polymerization of at least a high-molecular weight coagulation and (or) flocculation agent.
2, by the drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein every liter of drilling fluid contains 1-50 gram polymeric viscosifiers.
3, by the drilling fluid of claim 1 or 2, wherein polymeric viscosifiers is selected from cellulosic cpd, polyacrylamide, natural polygalactomannan, starch and polysaccharide.
4, by the drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein every liter of drilling fluid contains 1-50 gram polymkeric substance water retaining.
5, by the drilling fluid of claim 1 or 4, polymkeric substance water retaining wherein is selected from (gel in advance) starch, natural gum, polyanionic cellulosic polymer, sodium polyacrylonitrile, CMC (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) BP/USP and sodium polyacrylate.
6, by the drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein contain 10-5000ppm weight the agent of the organic polycationic polymer coagulation of high-molecular weight and (or) flocculation agent.
7, by claim 1 or 6 drilling fluid, coagulation agent wherein and (or) flocculation agent is the organic polycationic polymer of high-molecular weight, is selected from the season polymkeric substance with the positive atom of nitrogen.With the season polymkeric substance of the positive atom of phosphorus, with uncle's polymkeric substance of the positive atom of sulphur.
8, by the drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein every liter of drilling fluid contains 0.1-10 gram coating polymkeric substance.
9, by the drilling fluid of claim 8, wherein the coating agent is selected from polyacrylamide, Polyanionic Cellulose, the mixed polysaccharide of hydrolysis.
10, a kind of drilling fluid of claim 1 is used for drilling well, completion, the well workover on stratum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85107367 CN1013377B (en) | 1984-09-11 | 1985-09-29 | Well-drilling liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08422912A GB2164370B (en) | 1984-09-11 | 1984-09-11 | Drilling fluid |
| CN 85107367 CN1013377B (en) | 1984-09-11 | 1985-09-29 | Well-drilling liquid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85107367A CN85107367A (en) | 1987-04-15 |
| CN1013377B true CN1013377B (en) | 1991-07-31 |
Family
ID=25742089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85107367 Expired CN1013377B (en) | 1984-09-11 | 1985-09-29 | Well-drilling liquid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1013377B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1326969C (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2007-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Positive electricity production well treatment liquid and its preparation method |
| CN102775969B (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-05-28 | 北京中科日升科技有限公司 | Multifunctional filtrate reducer and preparation method thereof |
-
1985
- 1985-09-29 CN CN 85107367 patent/CN1013377B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN85107367A (en) | 1987-04-15 |
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