CN101336285A - Improvement of energy efficiency in hydraulic systems - Google Patents
Improvement of energy efficiency in hydraulic systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN101336285A CN101336285A CNA2006800518940A CN200680051894A CN101336285A CN 101336285 A CN101336285 A CN 101336285A CN A2006800518940 A CNA2006800518940 A CN A2006800518940A CN 200680051894 A CN200680051894 A CN 200680051894A CN 101336285 A CN101336285 A CN 101336285A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/06—Use of special fluids, e.g. liquid metal; Special adaptations of fluid-pressure systems, or control of elements therefor, to the use of such fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Abstract
The present invention describes use of a fluid having a VI of at least 130 to improve the en- ergy efficiency of a hydraulic system. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a hy- draulic system comprising a hydraulic fluid having a VI of at least 130, a unit for creating mechanical power, a unit that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy, and a unit that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical work. Preferentially, engine speed can be reduced to decrease load and stress while delivering the same amount of hydraulic power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement of energy efficiency in the hydraulic efficiency system.
Background technology
Hydraulic efficiency system is for transmitting energy and using immense strength design with the handiness and the control of height.This need set up effectively will be converted to the system of available work from the intake in engine, electric motor or other sources.Available hydraulic power produces rotation or translational motion, or is the use storage power of future in performer.Hydraulic efficiency system provides than electricity or mechanical system is obviously more accurate and the method for adjustable switching energy.Usually, hydraulic efficiency system is reliable, efficient and cost economy, has caused its widespread use at industrial circle.The hydraulic power industry is continual to be renderd a service by the cost that uses novel mechanical assembly and structured material to improve hydraulic efficiency system.
Can utilize water and other multiple liquid to carry out the practical application of Psasca's law, the pressure that the compressed fluid of its explanation in closed container will be therefore is unattenuated and each is to being passed to total system equably.The innovation of many hydraulic efficiency system hardware and control aspect is by commercialization in the past 50 years, but change is seldom only arranged aspect hydraulic fluid.Base oil composition and improve fluid life and with the additive of metallographic phase capacitive on existing the improvement, still, also the unknown has liquid that productivity or fuel economy are brought any progress.The rank of the liquid of the most extensive appointment and purchase (ISO VG 46 and 68, HM performance level) is based on group I mineral oil, and to those 50 years before recommend extremely similar.
For most of hydraulic efficiency system hydraulic fluids is not crucial design considerations, and its normally last factor of system of selecting is because think that standard single-stage oil can provide enough performances.Usually " HM " single-stage of choice criteria oil is the minimum selection of cost because of this, and has the believable history of the very long problem of not maintaining.The outdoor fluid power applications that experiences wide temperature variation will be used fluid than the low viscosity level in winter, will use the fluid of viscosity higher level in summer.Some hydraulic fluid is allocated with the PAMA additive as VI improver, for reaching low-temperature fluidity (" HV " level oil) good under the entry condition of cold.Unknown PAMA additive has brought any other performance advantage.
For example, file WO2005108531 has set forth and has used the hydraulic fluid that contains the PAMA additive, increases for reducing the temperature of hydraulic fluid under working load.Yet this document does not describe or advises about the improvement of energy efficiency.
In addition, file WO2005014762 discloses and has had the functional fluid that improves flame retardant resistance.This fluid can be used for hydraulic efficiency system.Yet this document is not made an explanation about the fluidic energy efficiency.
The improvement of energy efficiency is the common objective in all technical fields.Usually this target provide the hydraulic efficiency system mechanical energy by improvement the unit for example the structure of oil engine or electric motor realize.Yet, need further to improve for this target.
The further common objective of the present invention is to improve the performance of hydraulic efficiency system.Usually, the performance of hydraulic efficiency system has more by use that the oil engine or the electric motor of strong power improve.Yet this approach is accompanied by higher energy expenditure usually.
Summary of the invention
Consider prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide to have and improve energy efficiency and the hydraulic efficiency system of improving system performance.
In addition, an object of the present invention is to be improved to hydraulic efficiency system provides mechanokinetic the unitary life-span.
These and other clearly do not mention but can derive easily or develop the purpose of coming out from introductory section, reach by the fluid that uses this claim 1.Favourable change according to application of the present invention is stated in the dependent claims.
Use VI to be at least 130 fluid and provide unexpected improvement as the energy efficiency of hydraulic efficiency system.And then, can improve the system performance of hydraulic efficiency system in unpredictable mode.
Can reach many other advantages by hydraulic fluid according to the present invention simultaneously.Wherein have:
Hydraulic fluid of the present invention has shown the temperature operation window of improved low-temperature performance and broad.
Because hydraulic fluid of the present invention is the investment repayment time fast, can sell with favourable cost.
Compare with the HM fluid of standard, hydraulic fluid of the present invention has shown good oxidation-resistance and extraordinary chemical stability.
The viscosity of hydraulic fluid of the present invention can be adjusted in wide region.
And then hydraulic fluid of the present invention is suitable for high-voltage applications.Hydraulic fluid of the present invention is because good shear stability shows minimum viscosity variation.
In addition, can be issued to the improvement of system performance and energy efficiency in the situation that does not change hydraulic system structure.Therefore, can under low-down cost, improve the performance and the energy efficiency of original hydraulic efficiency system.
Embodiment
Hydraulic fluid used according to the invention has at least 130, and preferably at least 150, more preferably at least 180 and most preferably at least 200 viscosity index.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, viscosity index in the 150-400 scope, more preferably 200-300.Viscosity index can be measured according to ASTM D 2270.
The hydraulic efficiency system energy efficiency that is applied as according to the present invention provides improvement.The energy efficiency statement means for reaching the better effectiveness that the qualification result offers the energy of hydraulic efficiency system.Especially, the energy expenditure of system can reduce at least 5%, and more preferably at least 10% and more preferably at least 20%, have about 100 VI and provide identical system's merit or the energy expenditure of the system of the single-stage hydraulic fluid of effect based on use.The type of energy depends on the unit that mechanical energy is provided to hydraulic efficiency system usually.In addition, can improve energy expenditure based on the limiting time section.
And then, can improve the system performance of hydraulic efficiency system.The energy efficiency statement means the labour productivity that hydraulic efficiency system is finished in the certain hour section.Especially, system performance can improve at least 5%, and more preferably at least 10% and more preferably at least 20%.The type of merit depends on hydraulic efficiency system.In preferred systems, promoted working cycle hourly.Under all common engines or motor operating speed, all can observe the improvement of energy expenditure and system performance.Preferably, if use oil engine, the improvement that can be measured to energy expenditure and system performance be about to hydraulic efficiency system provide mechanical energy the maximum performance in unit 90%, for example throttling 90%.
Preferably, load and stress in the time of reducing motor speed and carry the equivalent hydraulic power to be reduced in.
It is well known in the art that viscosity index is at least 130 fluid, and these fluids are as being used as lubricating oil in oil engine and gear usually.
According to user's demand, the viscosity of hydraulic fluid of the present invention can be adjusted in wide region.For example can reach ISO VG15,22,32,46,68,100,150 fluid levels.
| ISO 3448 viscosity grade | Typical viscosities, cSt@40 ℃ | Minimal viscosity, cSt@40 ℃ | Peak viscosity, cSt@40 ℃ |
| ISO VG 15 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 16.5 |
| ISO VG 22 | 22.0 | 19.8 | 24.2 |
| ISO VG 32 | 32.0 | 28.8 | 35.2 |
| ISO VG 46 | 46.0 | 41.4 | 50.6 |
| ISO VG 68 | 68.0 | 61.2 | 74.8 |
| ISO VG 100 | 100.0 | 90.0 | 110.0 |
| ISO VG 150 | 150.0 | 135.0 | 165.0 |
Preferably according to ASTM D 445 40 ℃ kinematic viscosity at 15mm
2/ s-150mm
2In/s the scope, preferred 28mm
2/ s-110mm
2/ s.
To application according to the present invention, preferred hydraulic fluid is the multistage liquid of NFPA (national hydrodynamic force association), for example NFPA T2.13.13-2002 limit two, three, four and/or Pyatyi liquid.
Preferred liquid contains mineral oil and/or synthetic oil at least.
Mineral oil is known and commercially available substantially.It is obtained through distillation and/or refining and optional other purification and treatment step by oil or crude oil usually, particularly falls into the crude oil of mineral oil notion or the higher cut of oil.Usually, the boiling point of mineral oil is higher than 200 ℃ under 5000Pa, preferably is higher than 300 ℃.By low-temperature distillation shale oil, hard coal coking, the hydrogenation of distillation brown coal and hard coal or brown coal can prepare equally under secluding air.Under a few cases, mineral oil is also by plant-sourced (for example jojoba, Semen Brassicae campestris (rapeseed oil), sunflower and soybean oil) or animal source (for example butter or neat's foot oil) preparation.Therefore, mineral oil has shown aromatics, ring-type, branching and the straight chain hydrocarbon of different content respectively according to the source.
Usually, people distinguish paraffinic base, naphthenic and the aromatic fraction in crude oil or the mineral oil, and wherein term paraffinic base cut is represented than long-chain or highly branched isoalkane, and naphthenic cut representative ring alkane.In addition, according to source and processing, mineral oil shows as different normal alkane respectively, the reduced branching degree isoalkane cut of so-called monomethyl-branched paraffins, and have heteroatomic compound, this heteroatoms particularly O, N and/or S, it has caused polarity.Yet attribution is difficult, because independent alkane molecule can have long chain branching and naphthenic hydrocarbon residue and aromatics composition simultaneously.For purpose of the present invention, can make classification according to DIN 51 378.Also can measure polar component according to ASTM D 2007.
Normal alkane cut in the preferred mineral oils is less than 3wt%, and the cut that contains O, N and/or S compound is less than 6wt%.Aromatic substance cut and monomethyl-branched paraffins are usually respectively in the 0-40wt% scope.According to an aspect that causes concern, mineral oil mainly contains cycloalkyl and paraffin-base alkanes, and it has more than 13 usually, preferably more than 18 and especially preferably more than 20 carbon atoms.These compound cuts are generally 60wt% at least, and preferred 80wt% at least is here without any the meaning of restriction.Preferred mineral oils contains the aromatic component of 0.5-30wt%, the cycloalkyl component of 15-40wt%, and the paraffinic base component of 35-80wt%, the polar compound of the normal alkane of 3wt% and 0.05-5wt% at the most is respectively based on the gross weight of mineral oil.
To the analysis of particularly preferred mineral oil, adopt the liquid chromatography on traditional method such as urea dewaxing and the silica gel to carry out, for example shown, following component, wherein percentage ratio is based on the gross weight of corresponding mineral oil:
Normal alkane with about 18-31 carbon atom: 0.7-1.0%,
Low branched alkane with 18-31 carbon atom: 1.0-8.0%,
Aromatic substance with 14-32 carbon atom: 0.4-10.7%,
XOR naphthenic hydrocarbon with 20-32 carbon atom: 60.7-82.4%,
Polar compound: 0.1-0.8%,
Loss amount: 6.9-19.4%.
Can find about the valuable information of mineral oil analysis and list with mineral oil of other compositions, for example, Ullmann ' s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry, last the 5th edition of CD-ROM, 1997, clauses and subclauses " lubricant and related products (lubricants and related products) ".
Preferably, hydraulic fluid is based on the mineral oil from API group I, II and III.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, use and to contain 90wt% saturates at least and by the determination of elemental analysis mineral oil of 0.03% sulphur at the most.Especially, preferred API group II oil.
In other materials, synthetic oil is organic ester such as carboxylicesters and phosphoric acid ester; Organic ether such as silicone oil and polyalkylene glycol; And synthetic hydrocarbon, particularly polyolefine.It is more expensive than mineral oil largely, but it has the advantage on the performance.5 kinds of API class base oil types are as explanation reference (API: American Petroleum Institute (API)).
American Petroleum Institute (API) (API) base oil classification
| The basic raw material group | Viscosity index | Sulphur (wt%) | Saturates (wt%) |
| Group I | 80-120 | ＞0.03 | ＜90 |
| Group II | 80-120 | ＜0.03 | ＞90 |
| Group III | ＞120 | ＜0.03 | ＞90 |
| All synthetic poly-α-alkene (PAO) of group IV | ＞120 | ＜0.03 | ＞99 |
| All are not included in group V among the group I-IV, for example ester, polyalkylene glycol | ＞120 | ＜0.03 |
Synthetic hydrocarbon, particularly polyolefine are well known in the art.Preferred especially poly-alpha olefins (PAO).These compounds obtain by olefin polymerization, and alkene particularly has the alkene of 3-12 carbon atom, as propylene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-laurylene.Preferred PAO has the molecular-weight average in the 200-10000g/mol scope, more preferably 500-5000g/mol.
According to preferred implementation of the present invention, hydraulic fluid can contain the oxygenatedchemicals that is selected from carboxylicesters, polyether glycol and/or organic phosphine compound.Preferably, oxygenatedchemicals is the carboxylicesters that contains at least two ester groups, contains 4-12 carbon atom carboxylic acid's diester and/or polyol ester.By using oxygenatedchemicals as basic raw material, the flame retardant properties of hydraulic fluid is improved.
Can use the component of phosphoric acid ester liquid, as alkyl aryl phosphate ester as hydraulic fluid; Trialkyl phosphates such as Tributyl phosphate ester or three-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate; Triaryl phosphate such as blended isopropyl phenyl phosphoric acid ester, blended tert-butyl-phenyl phosphoric acid ester, three-xylyl phosphoric acid ester or trimethylphenyl phosphoric acid ester.The organic phosphine compound of kind is phosphonic acid ester and phosphinate in addition, and it can contain alkyl and/or aryl substituent.Dialkyl phosphonate is as two-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid ester; Alkyl sub-phosphonate is useful as two-2-ethylhexyl phosphinate.The alkyl group here, the paraffinic hydrocarbons that contains 1-10 carbon atom of preferred straight chain or branching.As the aromatic yl group here, the preferred aryl that contains 6-10 carbon atom that can be replaced by alkyl.Especially, hydraulic fluid can contain 0-60wt%, the organo phosphorous compounds of preferred 5-50wt%.
Can use reaction product as the pure and mild lipid acid as monocarboxylic acid, poly carboxylic acid etc. of polyvalent alcohol, monohydroxy-alcohol etc. as carboxylicesters.This carboxylicesters can be the part ester certainly.
Carboxylicesters can have the carboxylate group of a general formula R-COO-R, and wherein R is independently for containing the group of 1-40 carbon atom.Preferred ester cpds contains at least two ester groups.These compounds can and/or contain the polyvalent alcohol of at least two hydroxyls based on the poly carboxylic acid that contains at least two acid groups.
The poly carboxylic acid residue has 2-40, preferred 4-24, special 4-12 carbon atom usually.Useful polycarboxylate is for for example, the ester of hexanodioic acid, nonane diacid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid and/or dodecylic acid.Multi-carboxylic acid compounds's alkoxide component preferably contains 1-20, special 2-10 carbon atom.
The example of useful alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols, amylalcohol, hexanol, enanthol and octanol.In addition, can use and contain oxygen alcohol as glycol ether, triglycol, Tetraglycol 99 to ten glycol.
Particularly preferred compound is poly carboxylic acid and the ester that contains the alcohol of a hydroxyl.The example of these compounds is at Ullmanns
Der Technischen Chemie, the third edition, vol.15 287-292 page or leaf, Urban ﹠amp; Schwarzenber states in (1964).
The polyvalent alcohol that is used to prepare ester cpds (containing at least two ester groups) contains 2-40, preferred 2 carbon atoms of 4-2 usually.Example has neopentyl glycol, glycol ether, dipropylene glycol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl-2 ', 2 '-dimethyl-3 '-hydroxy propionate, glycerol, trimethylolethane, TriMethylolPropane(TMP), trishydroxymethyl nonane, two-TriMethylolPropane(TMP), tetramethylolmethane, Sorbitol Powder, N.F,USP MANNITOL and Dipentaerythritol.The carboxyl acid component of polyester can contain 1-40, preferred 2-24 carbon atom.Example has the saturated fatty acid such as the formic acid of straight chain or branching, acetate, propionic acid, sad, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, n-nonanoic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitinic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nondecylic acid, arachic acid, mountain Yu acid, different tetradecanoic acid, different palmitinic acid, Unimac 5680,2, the 2-acid dimethyl, 2,2-dimethyl valeric acid, 2, the 2-dimethyl is sad, 2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylammonium butyric acid, 2,2,3,4-tetramethyl-valeric acid, 2,5,5-trimethylammonium-2-tertiary butyl caproic acid, 2,3,3-trimethylammonium-2 Ethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethyl-2-sec.-propyl butyric acid, 2 ethyl hexanoic acid, 3,5,5 Trimethylhexanoic acid; The unsaturated fatty acids of straight chain or branching such as linolic acid, linolenic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, undecylenic acid, elaidic acid, cetoleic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid and from multiple animal tallow or vegetables oil source business level oleic acid.Can use the mixture of lipid acid such as ready denier oil acid.
The useful especially compound that contains at least two ester groups has, for example, and the appropriate that of neopentyl glycol acid esters (tallate), neopentyl glycol dioleate, the appropriate that of propylene glycol acid esters, Rikemal PO 200, glycol ether appropriate that acid esters and glycol ether dioleate.
Many these compounds are commercially available, are Lexolube 2G-214, are ProEco 2965, are Priolube 1430 and Priolube 1446 and are Xtolube 1301 and Xtolube 1320 from Georgia Pacific trade mark from Uniqema Corp. trade mark from Cognis Corp. trade mark from Inolex Chemical Co. trade mark.
In addition, ether also is the useful component as hydraulic fluid.Preferably, the present invention's component of polyether glycol as hydraulic fluid.These compounds are known.Example has polyalkylene glycol for example polyoxyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polytetramethylene glycol.Polyalkylene glycol can be based on the mixture of alkylene oxide.These compounds preferably contain 1-40 alkylene oxide unit, more preferably 5-30 alkylene oxide unit.Polytetramethylene glycol is to be preferred for anhydrous fluidic compound.Polyether glycol can contain other group, for example contains the alkylidene group or the arylene group of 1-40, special 2-22 carbon atom.
According to a further aspect in the invention, hydraulic fluid is based on synthetic base gasoline, and it contains poly-alpha olefins (PAO), carboxylicesters (diester or polyol ester), vegetable esters, phosphoric acid ester (trialkyl, triaryl or alkyl aryl phosphate ester) and/or polyalkylene glycol (PAG).Preferred synthetic basic raw material is the oil of API group IV and/or group V.
Preferably, hydraulic fluid can obtain by mixing two kinds of components at least.Wherein at least a component should be to have according to ASTM D 445 at 40 ℃ of following 35mm
2The base oil of/s or littler kinematic viscosity.Preferably, hydraulic fluid contains that 60wt% is at least a at least has according to ASTM D445 at 40 ℃ of following 35mm
2The component of/s or littler kinematic viscosity.Preferably, at least a component has 120 or littler viscosity index.According to preferred embodiment, it is 120 or littler component that hydraulic fluid can contain at least at least a viscosity index of 60wt%.
Especially, polymer viscosity index improver can be as the component of hydraulic fluid.Viscosity index improver is known and at Ullmann ' s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry, and last the 5th edition of CD-ROM is open in 1997.
Preferably the polymkeric substance that uses as the VI improving agent contains the unit derived from the alkyl alcohol with at least one ethylenically unsaturated group.These polymkeric substance are well known in the art.Preferred polymers is by polymerization, special, (methyl) acrylate, maleic acid ester and fumarate and obtain.Term (methyl) acrylate comprises methacrylic ester and propylene ester and both mixtures.These monomers are known in the art.Alkyl residue can be straight chain, ring-type or branching.
For having mixture derived from the unitary preferred polymers of alkyl ester, preparation contains based on monomer mixture gross weight 0-100wt%, preferred 0.5-90wt%, special 1-80wt%, more preferably 1-30wt%, the more preferably ethylenic unsaturated ester compound of one or more formulas (I) of 2-20wt%:
Wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R
1The alkyl residue with 1-6, special 1-5 and preferred 1-3 carbon atom of expression straight chain or branching, R
2And R
3Independently be the group of hydrogen or formula-COOR ', R ' expression hydrogen or have the alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atom wherein.
The example of component (a) has, wherein, (methyl) acrylate, fumarate and maleic acid ester, its derived from saturated alcohol as (methyl) methyl acrylate, (methyl) ethyl propenoate, (methyl) vinylformic acid n-propyl, (methyl) isopropyl acrylate, (methyl) n-butyl acrylate, (methyl) tert-butyl acrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid pentyl ester and (methyl) Ethyl acrylate; (methyl) vinylformic acid cycloalkyl ester is as (methyl) vinylformic acid ring pentyl ester.
And then, for having monomer composition derived from alkyl ester unit polymkeric substance, preparation contains based on monomer mixture gross weight 0-100wt%, preferred 10-99wt%, special 20-95wt% and the more preferably ethylenic unsaturated ester compound of one or more formulas (II) of 30-85wt%:
Wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R
4The alkyl residue with 7-40, special 10-30 and preferred 12-24 carbon atom of expression straight chain or branching, R
5And R
6Independently for hydrogen or formula-COOR " group, wherein R " expression hydrogen or have the alkyl group of 7-40, special 10-30 and preferred 12-24 carbon atom.
(methyl) acrylate derived from saturated alcohol is wherein arranged, fumarate and maleic acid ester are as (methyl) 2-EHA, (methyl) vinylformic acid heptyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 2-tertiary butyl heptyl ester, (methyl) Octyl acrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid 3-sec.-propyl heptyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid ester in the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems, (methyl) decyl acrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid undecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 5-methyl undecyl ester, (methyl) dodecylacrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid 2-methyl dodecyl ester, (methyl) tridecyl acrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid 5-methyl tridecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid tetradecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid pentadecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 2-methyl cetyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid heptadecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 5-sec.-propyl heptadecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 4-tertiary butyl stearyl, (methyl) vinylformic acid 5-ethyl stearyl, (methyl) vinylformic acid 3-sec.-propyl stearyl, (methyl) vinylformic acid stearyl, (methyl) vinylformic acid nonadecyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid eicosyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid hexatriacontane base ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid three stearyl, sweet dialkyl group (methyl) acrylate, and/or eicosyl four-triacontyl (methyl) acrylate; (methyl) vinylformic acid cycloalkyl ester is as (methyl) vinylformic acid 3-vinyl cyclohexyl, (methyl) cyclohexyl acrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid norbornene ester, 2,4,5-three-tertiary butyl-3-vinyl cyclohexyl (methyl) acrylate, 2,3,4,5-four-tert-butylcyclohexyl (methyl) acrylate; And corresponding fumarate and maleic acid ester.
Ester cpds with long-chain alcohol residue, component (b) particularly, can obtain with the long chain aliphatic alcohol reaction by for example (methyl) acrylate, fumarate and/or maleic acid ester and/or corresponding acid, wherein obtain ester mixture usually as (methyl) acrylate with different long-chain alcohol residue.These Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) comprise wherein, Oxo Alcohol
7911 and OxoAlcohol
7900, Oxo Alcohol
1100 (Monsanto); Alphanol
79 (ICI); Nafol
1620, Alfol
610 and Alfol
810 (Sasol); Epal
610 and Epal
810 (Ethyl Corporation); Linevol
79, Linevol
911 and Dobanol
25L (Shell AG); Lial 125 (Sasol); Dehydad
And Dehydad
And Lorol
(Cognis).
In the ethylenic unsaturated ester compound, with respect to preferred especially (methyl) acrylate of maleic acid ester and fumarate, that is, and formula (I) and R (II) in particularly preferred embodiments
2, R
3, R
5, R
6Expression hydrogen.
Of the present invention one special aspect, the mixture of the ethylenic unsaturated ester compound of preferred use formula (II), and mixture has (methyl) acrylate that 16-30 carbon atom arranged in (methyl) acrylate that 7-15 carbon atom arranged at least a alcohol radical and at least a alcohol radical.(methyl) acrylate ester mark that 7-15 carbon atom arranged in the alcohol radical is preferably in the 20-95wt% scope, based on the gross weight of the monomer composition for preparing polymkeric substance.The mark of (methyl) acrylate that 16-30 carbon atom arranged in the alcohol radical contains weight derived from the monomer composition of the unitary polymkeric substance of alkyl ester based on preparation preferably in the 0.5-60wt% scope.The weight ratio that (methyl) acrylate that 16-30 carbon atom arranged in (methyl) acrylate of 7-15 carbon atom and the alcohol radical is arranged in the alcohol radical is preferably 10: 1-1: between 10, more preferably 5: 1-1.5: between 1.
Component (c) comprise especially can with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer of formula (I) and/or ethylenic unsaturated ester compound copolymerization (II).
The comonomer that meets following formula according to the present invention is particularly suitable for copolymerization:
R1 wherein
*And R2
*Independently be selected from the group of forming by following: hydrogen; Halogen; CN; The alkyl group with 1-20, preferred 1-6 and preferred especially 1-4 carbon atom of straight chain or branching, can be by 1 to (2n+1) individual halogen atom replacement, wherein n is the carbonatoms (CF for example of alkyl group
3); α with 2-10, preferred 2-6 and preferred especially 2-4 carbon atom, β-unsaturated straight chain or branching alkenyl or alkynyl, can be by 1 to (2n-1) individual halogen atom, preferred chlorine replacement, wherein n is the carbonatoms of alkyl group, for example CH
2=CCl-; Cycloalkyl with 3-8 carbon atom, it can be replaced to (2n-1) individual halogen atom, preferred chlorine by 1, and wherein n is the carbonatoms of group of naphthene base; C (=Y
*) R5
*, C (=Y
*) NR
6*R
7*, Y
*C (=Y
*) R
5*, SOR
5*, SO
2R
5*, OSO
2R
5*, NR
8*SO
2R
5*, PR
5* 2, P (=Y
*) R
5* 2, Y
*PR
5* 2, Y
*P (=Y
*) R
5* 2, NR
8* 2, it can be with other R
8*, aryl or heterocyclic group be quaternized, Y wherein
*Can be NR
8*, S or O, preferred O; R
5*Be the alkyl group with 1-20 carbon atom, alkylthio groups, OR with 1-20 carbon atom
15(R
15Be hydrogen or basic metal), have alkoxyl group, aryloxy or the heterocyclic oxy group of 1-20 carbon atom; R
6*And R
7*Independently be hydrogen and alkyl group, perhaps R with 1-20 carbon atom
6*And R
7*Can form jointly have 2-7 carbon atom, the alkylidene group of preferred 2-5 carbon atom, it forms 3-8 unit, preferred 3-6 unit ring; And R
8*It is the alkyl or aryl group with 1-20 carbon atom of straight chain or branching;
R3
*And R4
*Independently be selected from the group of forming by following: hydrogen, halogen (preferred fluorine or chlorine), have the alkyl group and the COOR of 1-6 carbon atom
9*, R wherein
9*For hydrogen, basic metal or have the alkyl group of 1-40 carbon atom, or R
1*And R
3*Can form formula (CH jointly
2)
nGroup, it can be by individual halogen atom of 1-2n ' or C
1-C
4Alkyl group replace, perhaps form formula C (=O)-Y
*(=O) group, wherein n ' is 2-6, preferred 3 or 4 to-C, and Y
*As preceding definition; And residue R at least wherein
1*, R
2*, R
3*And R
4*2 be hydrogen or halogen.
Wherein, comonomer comprises, (methyl) acrylic acid hydroxy alkyl ester is as (methyl) vinylformic acid 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, (methyl) vinylformic acid 3,4-dihydroxy butyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 2-hydroxyl ethyl ester, (methyl) vinylformic acid 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2,5-dimethyl-1,6-hexylene glycol (methyl) acrylate, decamethylene-glycol (methyl) acrylate;
Aminoalkyl group (methyl) acrylate and aminoalkyl group (methyl) acrylamide such as N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Methacrylamide, 3-diethylamino amyl group (methyl) acrylate, 3-dibutylamino hexadecyl (methyl) acrylate;
(methyl) acrylic acid nitrile and other nitrogenous (methyl) acrylate such as N-(methacryloyl oxygen base ethyl) diisobutyl ketoimine, N-(methacryloyl oxygen base ethyl) two-hexadecyl ketoimine, (methyl) acryl Amidoacetonitrile, 2-methacryloyl oxygen base ethyl-methyl cyanamide, cyanogen methyl (methyl) acrylate;
Aryl (methyl) acrylate such as phenmethyl (methyl) acrylate or phenyl (methyl) acrylate, wherein aromatic yl residue can not replace or be substituted 4 times at the most respectively;
(methyl) acrylate such as 2-propyloic (methyl) acrylate that contain carbonyl, carboxymethyl (methyl) acrylate oxazolidinyl ethyl (methyl) acrylate, the N-methacryloxy) methane amide, acetonyl (methyl) acrylate, N-methacryloyl morpholine, N-methacryloyl-2-Pyrrolidone, N-(2-methacryloxy oxygen base ethyl)-2-Pyrrolidone, N-(3-methacryloxypropyl)-2-Pyrrolidone, N-(2-methacryloxy pentadecyl)-2-Pyrrolidone, N-(2-methacryloxy heptadecyl)-2-Pyrrolidone;
(methyl) acrylate of ether alcohol such as tetrahydrofurfuryl (methyl) acrylate, vinyloxy group ethoxyethyl group (methyl) acrylate, methoxyethoxyethyl (methyl) acrylate, 1-butoxy propyl group (methyl) acrylate, 1-methyl-(2-vinyloxy group) ethyl (methyl) acrylate, cyclohexyloxy methyl (methyl) acrylate, methoxymethoxy ethyl (methyl) acrylate, benzyloxymethyl (methyl) acrylate, furfuryl group (methyl) acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl group (methyl) acrylate, 2-ethoxy ethoxy methyl (methyl) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl group (methyl) acrylate, ethoxylation (methyl) acrylate, allyloxy methyl (methyl) acrylate, 1-oxyethyl group butyl (methyl) acrylate, methoxymethyl (methyl) acrylate, 1-ethoxyethyl group (methyl) acrylate, ethoxyl methyl (methyl) acrylate;
(methyl) acrylate of halohydrin is as 2,3-dibromopropyl (methyl) acrylate, 4-bromophenyl (methyl) acrylate, 1,3-two chloro-2-propyl group (methyl) acrylate, 2-bromotrifluoromethane (methyl) acrylate, 2-iodine ethyl (methyl) acrylate, chloromethyl (methyl) acrylate;
Epoxy alkyl (methyl) acrylate is as 2,3-epoxy butyl (methyl) acrylate, 3,4-epoxy butyl (methyl) acrylate, 10,11-epoxy undecyl (methyl) acrylate, 2,3-epoxycyclohexyl (methyl) acrylate, epoxy alkyl (methyl) acrylate be as 10,11-epoxy hexadecyl (methyl) acrylate, glycidyl (methyl) acrylate;
Contain phosphorus, (methyl) acrylate of boron and/or silicon such as 2-(the dimethyl phosphate radical closes) propyl group (methyl) acrylate, 2-(the oxyethyl group orthophosphite closes) propyl group (methyl) acrylate, inferior (phosphonomethyl) (methyl) acrylate of 2-dimethyl, dimethyl phospho ethyl (methyl) acrylate, diethylmethyl acryl phosphoric acid ester, dipropyl methacryloyl phosphoric acid ester, 2-(dibutyl phospho) ethyl (methyl) acrylate, 2,3-butylidene methacryloyl ethyl-boron dihydroxide ester, methyl diethoxymethyl acryl Ethoxysilane, the diethyl phosphate radical closes ethyl (methyl) acrylate;
(methyl) acrylate of sulfur-bearing such as ethyl sulfinyl ethyl (methyl) acrylate, 4-thiocyanato butyl (methyl) acrylate, ethylsulfonyl ethyl (methyl) acrylate, thiocyanato methyl (methyl) acrylate, methylsulfinyl methyl (methyl) acrylate, two (methacryloxyethyl) sulfide;
Heterocycle (methyl) acrylate such as 2-(1-imidazolyl) ethyl (methyl) acrylate, 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl (methyl) acrylate and 1-(2-methacryloxyethyl)-2-Pyrrolidone;
Vinyl halides as, for example vinylchlorid, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride;
Vinyl acetate such as vinyl-acetic ester;
The vinyl monomer such as the vinylbenzene that contain aromatic yl group, substituted phenylethylene such as alpha-methyl styrene and α-ethyl styrene that alkyl substituent is arranged on the side chain, vinylbenzene such as Vinyl toluene and p-methylstyrene that alkyl substituent is arranged on the ring, halogenated styrenes such as monochloro vinylbenzene, dichlorostyrene, tribromo-benzene ethene and tetrabromo-benzene ethene;
Heterocycle vinyl compound such as 2-vinyl pyridine, the 3-vinyl pyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyrine, 3-ethyl-4-vinylpridine, 2,3-dimethyl-5-vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrimidine, the vinyl piperidines, the 9-vinylcarbazole, the 3-vinylcarbazole, the 4-vinylcarbazole, the 1-vinyl imidazole, 2-methyl isophthalic acid-vinyl imidazole, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the 2-vinyl pyrrolidone, the N-ethenyl pyrrolidone, the 3-ethenyl pyrrolidone, the N-caprolactam, the N-vinyl butyrate lactam, the vinyl tetrahydrofuran (THF), the vinyl furans, the vinyl thiophene, the vinyl tetramethylene sulfide, vinylthiazole and hydrogenated vinyl thiazole, Yi Xi Ji oxazole and Qingization Yi Xi Ji oxazole;
Vinyl and prenyl ether;
Maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, maleimide, methyl maleimide;
Fumaric acid and fumaric acid derivatives as, for example fumaric acid list or diester.
Monomer with divergent function also can be used as comonomer.These monomers are known in the art and contain heteroatoms usually such as oxygen and/or nitrogen.(methyl) acrylate, heterocycle (methyl) acrylate and the heterocycle vinyl compound of for example aforementioned hydroxyalkyl (methyl) acrylate, aminoalkyl group (methyl) acrylate and aminoalkyl group (methyl) acrylamide, ether alcohol can be as the dispersion copolymerization monomers.
Particularly preferred mixture contains methyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate(LMA) and/or methacrylic acid stearyl ester.
These components can be used separately or with mixture.
Hydraulic fluid of the present invention preferably contains polyalkylmethacrylatpolymer polymer.It is known in the art containing these polymkeric substance that the composition of alkyl methacrylate monomer obtains by polymerization.Preferably, these polyalkylmethacrylatpolymer polymers contain at least 40wt%, special 50wt% at least, more preferably 60wt% and most preferably the methacrylic ester repeating unit of 80wt% at least at least.Preferably, these polyalkylmethacrylatpolymer polymers contain C
9-C
24Methacrylic ester repeating unit and C
1-C
8The methacrylic ester repeating unit.
The not strict qualification of molecular weight derived from the polymkeric substance of alkyl ester.Usually the molecular weight that has the 300-1000000g/mol scope derived from the polymkeric substance of alkyl ester preferably in the 10000-200000g/mol scope and more preferably in the 25000-100000g/mol scope, does not mean that any restriction here.The weight-average molecular weight of these value representation polymkeric substance.
Do not mean that any restriction, (methyl) acrylic acid alkyl ester polymer have demonstrated the polymolecularity of the ratio Mw/Mn of number-average molecular weight being represented by weight-average molecular weight, in the 1-15 scope, preferred 1.1-10, preferred especially 1.2-5.Polymolecularity can be passed through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and measure.
Above-mentioned monomer mixture can be by any currently known methods polymerization.Available radical initiator commonly used carries out typical radical polymerization.These initiators are known in the art.The example of these radical initiators have azo initiator as 2,2 '-Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN), 2,2 '-azo two (2-methylbutyronitrile) and 1,1-azo bicyclohexane nitrile; Peroxide compound; methylethyl ketone peroxide for example; diacetone peroxide; the peroxidation dilauryl; t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate; ketone peroxide; the peroxidation methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK); cyclohexanone peroxide; dibenzoyl peroxide; tert butyl peroxy benzoate; uncle's butyronitrile peroxy isopropyl base carbonic ether; 2; two (the 2-ethyl hexanoyl base-peroxides)-2 of 5-; the 5-dimethylhexane; the t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexanoate; t-butyl peroxy-3; 5; 5-tri-methyl hexanoic acid ester; dicumyl peroxide; 1; two (t-butyl peroxy) hexanaphthenes of 1-; 1; 1-(t-butyl peroxy)-3; 3, the 5-trimethyl-cyclohexane; cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
Poly-(methyl) acrylate of lower molecular weight can obtain by using chain-transfer agent.This technology is well-known in polymer industry and uses, and at Odian, Principles ofPolymerization states in 1991.The example of chain-transfer agent has sulfocompound such as mercaptan, for example just-and uncle-lauryl mercaptan, 2 mercapto ethanol and mercapto-carboxylic ester methyl-3-mercaptopropionic acid ester for example.Preferred chain-transfer agent contains at the most 20, especially at the most 15 and more preferably 12 carbon atoms at the most.And then chain-transfer agent can contain at least 1, at least 2 Sauerstoffatoms especially.
And then poly-(methyl) acrylate of lower molecular weight can obtain as low spin cobalt complex by using transition metal complex.These technology are known and people such as USSR patent 940487-A and Heuts, and Macromolecules 1999, state among pp 2511-2519 and the 3907-3912.
And then, can use novel polymeric technology such as ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) and or RAFT (RAFT) to make useful polymkeric substance derived from alkyl ester.These methods are known.The ATRP reaction method exists, for example, people such as J-S.Wang, J.Am.Chem.Soc., Vol.117, pp.5614-5615 (1995) and Matyjaszewski, Macromolecules, Vol.28, pp.7901-7910 states in (1995).In addition, patent application WO96/30421, WO97/47661, WO97/18247, WO98/40415 and WO99/10387 disclose the variation scheme of above-mentioned ATRP, and this reference helps clear and definite purpose of the present invention.The RAFT method elaborates in WO98/01478, and for example, this reference helps clear and definite purpose of the present invention.
Polymerization can be at normal pressure, carry out under reducing pressure or boosting.Polymerization temperature is not strict yet.But it in-20 to 200 ℃ scope, preferred 0-130 ℃ and preferred 60-120 ℃ especially, does not mean that any restriction here usually.
Can adopt or not adopt solvent to carry out polymerization.To broadly understand the term solvent at this.
According to preferred embodiment, polymkeric substance can obtain by polymerization in the mineral oil of API group II or group III.These solvents are open in the above.
And then, the preferred polymkeric substance that can obtain by polymerization in poly-alpha olefins (PAO).More preferably, PAO has the number-average molecular weight in the 200-10000 scope, more preferably 500-5000.Solvent is open in the above.
Hydraulic fluid can contain 0.5-50wt%, special 1-30wt% and preferred 5-20wt%, based on one or more polymkeric substance derived from alkyl ester of fluid gross weight.According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, hydraulic fluid contains one or more polymkeric substance derived from alkyl ester of 10wt% at least.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, fluid can contain at least two kinds of polymkeric substance with different monomers composition.Preferably, at least a polymkeric substance is a polyolefine.Preferably, polyolefine uses as viscosity index improver.
These polyolefine comprise particularly polyolefin copolymer (OCP) and hydrogenated styrene/diene copolymers (HSD).Polyolefin copolymer used according to the invention (OCP) itself is known.They mainly are from ethene, propylene, isoprene, butylene and/or further have 5-20 carbon atom alkene synthetic polymkeric substance.Also can use the system of the monomer (for example maleic anhydride of 0.05-5wt%) that contains oxygen or nitrogen in the grafting on a small quantity.The multipolymer that contains diene component is hydrogenated usually to reduce the crosslinked tendency of oxidation sensitive and viscosity index improver.
Molecular weight Mw is generally 10000-300000, preferably between 50000-150000.This olefin copolymer is at for example German unsettled DE-A1644941 that openly applies for, DE-A1769834, and DE-A1939037, open among DE-A1963039 and the DE-A2059981.
Ethylene/propene copolymer is particularly useful and have known three kinds of components, as the terpolymer of ethylidene-norbornylene (with reference to Macromolecular Reviews, Vol.10 (1975)) also is fine, but in weathering process, must considers its crosslinked tendency.Distribution can be random substantially, but the sequential polymerization thing that contains ethylene block also is preferred the use.The ratio of monomer ethylene/propylene changes in specific limited, and it can be set at ethene about 75% and propylene about 80% as the upper limit.Because the trend that the dissolving in oil reduces, polypropylene is suitable not as ethylene/propene copolymer.Except the polymkeric substance that mainly contains the atactic propene structure, also can use those with outstanding isotaxy or syndiotactic propylene structure.
This product is commercially available, for example trade(brand)name Dutral
CO 034, Dutral
CO 038, Dutral
CO 043, Dutral
CO 058, Buna
EPG 2050 or Buna
EPG 5050.
Hydrogenated styrene/diene copolymers (HSD) is known equally, and these polymkeric substance are for example being stated among the DE2156122.They are hydrogenant isoprene/vinylbenzene or butadiene/styrene copolymers normally.Diene and cinnamic ratio in 2: 1 to 1: 2 scope, preferred especially about 55: 45.Molecular weight Mw is usually at 10000-300000, preferably between 50000-150000.According to a special aspect of the present invention, the content of two keys is no more than 15% after the hydrogenation, and is preferred no more than especially 5%, based on the double key number order before the hydrogenation.
Hydrogenated styrene/diene copolymers is can trade(brand)name SHELLVIS
50,150,200,250 or 260 be purchased.
Preferably, at least a polymkeric substance in the mixture contains derived from being selected from acrylate monomer, methacrylate monomer, fumarate monomer and/or the monomeric monomeric unit of maleic acid ester.These polymkeric substance are preceding being stated.
Polyolefine and contain can be 1 derived from the weight ratio of the polymkeric substance that is selected from acrylate monomer, methacrylate monomer, fumarate monomer and/or the monomeric monomeric unit of maleic acid ester: 10-10: in 1 the scope, special 1: 5-5: 1.
Hydraulic fluid can contain typical additives.These additives comprise for example oxidation inhibitor, anti-wear agent, stopping agent and/or defoamer, buy with the commercial additive packing usually.
Preferably, hydraulic fluid has according to ASTM D 445 at 40 ℃ of following 10-120mm
2/ s, more preferably 22-100mm
2The viscosity of/s.
Preferably, hydraulic efficiency system comprises following assembly:
1. the unit that produces mechanical energy, for example oil engine or electric motor.
2. mechanical energy is converted into the fluid flow of hydraulic energy or the unit of the power of generation, as pump.
The tubing system of fluid transfer under 3 pressure.
4. the fluidic hydraulic energy is converted into the unit of mechanical work, as performer or oil motor.Two kinds of engines are arranged, cylindrical or rotation.
5. have adjustment flow velocity, pressure, the travel direction of valve and apply the control loop of power.
6. the liquid storage groove that before clean liquid is got back in the system by strainer, can divide dried up, foam, residual air or fragment.
7. the low compressibility the operated liquid of under application conditions (temperature, pressure, radiation), not degrading.
Most of complex systems can use multiplex pump, rotary motor, cylinder, with valve and setter electric control.
System can under high pressure move.Improvement of the present invention can pressure, preferred 100-350 crust in 50-500 clings to scope reach.
Preferably, liquid is used for military hydraulic efficiency system, the hydraulic pressure launch auxiliary system, and industry, shipping is in mining and/or the running gear hydraulic efficiency system.
And then, the invention provides hydraulic efficiency system, it comprises the hydraulic fluid with VI of at least 130, the unit that produces mechanical energy, with mechanical energy be converted into hydraulic pressure can the unit, and the unit that hydraulic pressure can be converted into mechanical work.
Preferably, can reduce engine speed in transmission isodose hydraulic power, to reduce load and stress.Preferably, the mechanical output of engine or electric motor output can less than 98% time operation of its full power capacity to carry and the hydraulic power of using viscosity index less than 120 HM level fluid equivalent.
The present invention is down carrying out more detailed elaboration by embodiment and comparative example, and does not mean that and limit the present invention among these embodiment.
Embodiment and comparative example
Implement field experiment and come the energy expenditure of comparison in 2001 Caterpillar type 318CL hydraulic excavators.Produce hydraulic flow by the dual piston pump, this pump drives track to 2 rotary motor chargings, and 1 rotary motor charging is driven swivel bearing, and charging drives suspension rod, swivel bearing and scraper bowl to 3 line style performer.The standard operation flow process of formulating comprises loosens the soil mobile 100 feet with a lot of.Excavator has dug a full shovel soil, and wheel house Rotate 180 degree is toppled over away scraper bowl along the straight line high-ball.After load was toppled over away, wheel house rotated back to 180 degree and gets back to starting point along identical track.This has finished a working cycle.Measure one according to following workaday in sequence diesel-fuel consumption:
The field experiment order:
Preheating in 15 minutes
Paused so that fuel container is filled with to the filling neck top in 15 minutes
Work according to the standard rating cycle flow process in-55 minutes in the 1st hour
The operation people had a rest in 5 minutes
Work according to the standard rating cycle flow process in-55 minutes in the 2nd hour
The operation people had a rest in 5 minutes
Work according to the standard rating cycle flow process in-55 minutes in the 3rd hour
The operation people had a rest in 5 minutes
Had a rest-1 hour
Fuel container is filled with to the filling neck top, and the weight of fuel that record adds is to+0.1g
Work according to the standard rating cycle flow process in-55 minutes in the 4th hour
The operation people had a rest in 5 minutes
Work according to the standard rating cycle flow process in-55 minutes in the 5th hour
The operation people had a rest in 5 minutes
Work according to the standard rating cycle flow process in-55 minutes in the 6th hour
The operation people had a rest in 5 minutes
Fuel container is filled with to the filling neck top, and the weight of fuel that record adds is to ± 0.1g
The measurement of operation baseline uses Caterpillar to recommend and the Caterpillar board single-stage oil that is used for its hydraulic excavator (Caterpillar HYDO 10W, NFPA viscosity grade L46-46) of sale carries out.Note total working cycle number and total fuel consumption.These test runs as a comparative example.Comparative example 1 carries out under whole throttlings (2200rpm) and comparative example 2 carries out under 90% throttling (2000rpm).The result provides in table 1.
For embodiment, change single-stage oil into " HV " multi-grade oil according to three flushing processes.Multi-grade oil is NFPA level L32-100, and it is suitable for replacing this single-stage oil according to NFPA recommendation process T2.13.13-2002.Under zero throttle and 90% throttling, carry out identical workflow then, measure total working cycle number and total fuel consumption.Embodiment 1 carries out under zero throttle, and embodiment 2 carries out under 90% throttling.The result provides in table 1.
The NFPA level Four liquid that in this test, uses by the mixture of the mineral oil of group I and group II, add Dynavis
Additive system (from Degussa-RohMax Oil Additives) is allocated.Dynavis
* 1Additive system is by the shear stable polyalkyl methacrylate viscosity index improver (VISCOPLEX of preparation and dilution in group II mineral oil
8-219) form.Prescription contains the PAMA additive of the group II of 16wt%, and the wear-resisting packing of the zinc-base of 0.8wt%, and this makes liquid satisfy main global performance standard.The high treatment rate of PAMA is uncommonly not find in any commercially available hydraulic fluid.
For summing up test, the NFPA multi-grade oil replaces to Caterpillar board L46-46 single-stage oil, measures the baseline of operation under zero throttle and 90% throttling once more.Second baseline of operation and first baseline of operation coupling are fine.
Table 1
| The fuel that each working cycle consumes, the kg/ circulation | Improved fuel consumption, percentage ratio | Fuel consumption per hour, kg/ hour | Improved fuel consumption, percentage ratio | Working cycle per hour; Circulation/hour | Improve percentage ratio | |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.364 | 19.50 | 53.5 | |||
| Comparative example 2 | 0.380 | 15.20 | 40.0 | |||
| Embodiment 1 | 0.297 | +18.4 | 16.80 | +13.8％ | 56.6 | +5.8％ |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.280 | +26.3 | 13.89 | +8.6％ | 49.7 | +24.3％ |
The data of collecting in the test in place show that " HV " multi-grade oil with group IIPAMA allotment is to cause productivity to increase the reason of (+5.8 to 24.3%) and fuel consumption minimizing every day (8.6 to-13.8%).When considering the fuel that each working cycle consumes, " HV " multistage liquid causes having reduced 18.4% to 26.3% for reaching the energy that needs under the equivalent merit.Particularly very wondrous based on the improvement under the equivalent merit.This improvement also is issued in 90% throttling.And then unpredictalbe is the method improvement that the productivity under 90% throttling can show by embodiment.
Claims (47)
1. the purposes of fluid in improving the hydraulic efficiency system energy efficiency that has at least 130 VI.
2. the purposes of claim 1, wherein energy expenditure reduces by 5% at least.
3. claim 1 or 2 purposes have wherein been improved the system performance of hydraulic efficiency system.
4. the purposes of claim 3, wherein system performance has improved 5% at least.
5. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one wherein is improved for hydraulic efficiency system provides the cell life of mechanical energy.
6. the purposes of claim 5, wherein motor speed is lowered to reduce load and stress when the hydraulic power of transmission equivalent.
7. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluidic VI is at least 150.
8. the purposes of claim 7, wherein this VI is at least 180.
9. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid is the two viscosity grade of NFPA, triple viscosity grade, quadruple viscosity grade or five heavy viscosity grade hydraulic fluids.
10. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid can be by obtaining base fluids and polymer viscosity index improver mixing.
11. the purposes of claim 10, wherein base fluids has according to ASTM D 445 at 40 ℃ of following 35mm
2/ s or kinematic viscosity still less.
12. the purposes of claim 11, wherein fluid contains at least a base fluids of 60wt% at least, and this base fluids has according to ASTM D 445 at 40 ℃ of following 35mm
2/ s or kinematic viscosity still less.
13. the purposes that claim 10-12 is at least one, wherein the viscosity index of base fluids is 120 or still less.
14. the purposes of claim 13, wherein to contain at least at least a viscosity index of 60wt% be 120 or base fluids still less to fluid.
15. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid contains mineral oil and/or synthetic oil.
16. the purposes of claim 15, wherein fluid contains the oil of API group I, API group II, API group III, the oil of API group IV or API group V.
17. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid contains poly-alpha olefins (PAO), carboxylicesters, vegetable esters, phosphoric acid ester and/or polyalkylene glycol (PAG).
18. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid contains at least a polymkeric substance.
19. the purposes of claim 16, wherein polymkeric substance contains derived from being selected from acrylate monomer, methacrylate monomer, fumarate monomer and/or the monomeric monomeric unit of maleic acid ester.
20. the purposes of claim 19, wherein fluid contains polyalkylmethacrylatpolymer polymer.
21. the purposes that claim 18-20 is at least one, wherein fluid contains the polymkeric substance that can obtain by the mixture of polymerization ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and it is made up of following material:
A) close ester cpds based on the olefinic insatiable hunger of one or more formulas (I) of the gross weight 0-100wt% of ethylenically unsaturated monomer
Wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R
1The alkyl residue with 1-6 carbon atom of expression straight chain or branching, R
2And R
3The group of independent expression hydrogen or formula-COOR ', R ' expression hydrogen or have the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom wherein;
B) based on the ethylenic unsaturated ester compound of one or more formulas of gross weight 0-100wt% (II) of ethylenically unsaturated monomer
Wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R
4The alkyl residue with 7-40 carbon atom of expression straight chain or branching, R
5And R
6Independent expression hydrogen or formula-COOR " group, R wherein " expression hydrogen or have the alkyl of 7-40 carbon atom;
C) based on the comonomer of the gross weight 0-50wt% of ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
22. the purposes that claim 18-21 is at least one, wherein polymkeric substance can obtain by polymerization in the mineral oil of API group II or group III.
23. the purposes that claim 18-22 is at least one, wherein polymkeric substance can obtain by polymerization in poly-alpha olefins (PAO).
24. the purposes of claim 23, wherein the molecular weight of PAO is in the 200-10000g/mol scope.
25. the purposes that claim 18-24 is at least one, wherein polymkeric substance can obtain by the polymerization that contains the monomeric mixture of dispersion agent.
26. the purposes that claim 18-25 is at least one, wherein the polymerization of the mixture that polymkeric substance can be by comprising the vinyl monomer with aromatic group obtains.
27. the purposes that claim 18-26 is at least one, wherein polymkeric substance has 10000-200000g/mol, particularly the molecular weight in the 25000g/mol-100000g/mol scope.
28. the purposes that claim 18-27 is at least one, wherein fluid contains the polymkeric substance of 0.5-40wt%.
29. the purposes of claim 28, wherein fluid contains the polymkeric substance of 10-30wt%.
30. the purposes that claim 18-29 is at least one, wherein fluid contains at least two kinds of polymkeric substance with different monomers composition.
31. the purposes of claim 30, wherein at least a polymkeric substance is a polyolefine.
32. the purposes of claim 31, wherein at least a polymkeric substance contains the unit derived from alkyl ester monomer.
33. the purposes of claim 32, wherein polyolefine and contain weight ratio derived from the unitary polymkeric substance of alkyl ester monomer: 10-10: in 1 scope 1.
34. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid contains the oxygenatedchemicals that is selected from carboxylicesters, polyether glycol and/or organo phosphorous compounds.
35. the purposes of claim 34, wherein oxygenatedchemicals is the carboxylicesters that contains at least two ester groups.
36. the purposes of claim 34 or 35, wherein oxygenatedchemicals is the diester with carboxylic acid of 4-12 carbon atom.
37. the purposes of claim 36, wherein oxygenatedchemicals is the ester of polyvalent alcohol.
38. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid has the ISO viscosity grade in the 15-150 scope.
39. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid uses in-40 ℃ to 120 ℃ temperature ranges.
40. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid contains oxidation inhibitor, anti-wear agent, stopping agent and/or defoamer.
41. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein fluid is used for military hydraulic efficiency system, hydraulic pressure launch auxiliary system, industry, shipping, mining and/or running gear hydraulic efficiency system.
42. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein hydraulic efficiency system contains the unit that at least one provides mechanical energy, at least one with mechanical energy be converted into hydraulic pressure can the unit, at least one transmits the fluidic pipeline under pressure and at least one can be converted into fluidic hydraulic pressure the unit of mechanical work.
43. the purposes of claim 42 wherein provides the unit of mechanical energy to comprise oil engine.
44. the purposes that aforementioned claim is at least one, wherein unitary speed or power output can Be Controlled and adjustment.
45. hydraulic efficiency system, it contains VI and is at least 130 hydraulic fluid, the unit that is used to produce mechanical energy, with mechanical energy be converted into hydraulic pressure can the unit, and the unit that hydraulic pressure can be converted into mechanical work.
46. the hydraulic efficiency system of claim 45 wherein can reduce engine speed to reduce load and stress in transmission equivalent hydraulic power.
47. the purposes of the hydraulic efficiency system of claim 45 or 46 or claim 42-44, wherein the mechanical output of engine or electric motor output can less than 98% time operation of its full power capacity to carry and the hydraulic power of using viscosity index less than 120 HM level fluid equivalent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/357,195 US20070197410A1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2006-02-21 | Energy efficiency in hydraulic systems |
| US11/357,195 | 2006-02-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101336285A true CN101336285A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
Family
ID=37745811
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800518940A Pending CN101336285A (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2006-11-21 | Improvement of energy efficiency in hydraulic systems |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070197410A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1987118A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5757675B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20080098498A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101336285A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0621364A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2643098A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007096011A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200807193B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106661490A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2017-05-10 | 赢创油品添加剂有限公司 | Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes |
| CN109642179A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2019-04-16 | 赢创油品添加剂有限公司 | Poly- (methyl) alkyl acrylate of the function of demulsification performance with enhancing |
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| DE102004021778A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-12-08 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Use of polyalkyl (meth) acrylates in lubricating oil compositions |
| US7648950B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2010-01-19 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Use of a polyalkylmethacrylate polymer |
| US20080302422A1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Power output in hydraulic systems |
| US20080313074A1 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-18 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Business model that brings new technology to market in a rapid, cost effective manner |
| BRPI0815689B1 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2017-12-05 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschppij B.V. | USE OF A LUBRICANT OIL COMPOSITION, AND METHOD AND COMPOSITION OF LUBRICANT OIL TO IMPROVE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BY REDUCING THE LOAD ON A HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED LIFTING DEVICE |
| US20090088355A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Gear Oil Compositions, Methods of Making and Using Thereof |
| KR20110084502A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2011-07-25 | 에보니크 로막스 아디티페스 게엠베하 | Hydraulic fluid composition that reduces hydraulic system noise |
| US20100162693A1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-01 | Michael Paul W | Method of reducing torque ripple in hydraulic motors |
| DE102009001447A1 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Use of comb polymers to improve the load carrying capacity |
| JP5689326B2 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2015-03-25 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | Method for producing lubricating oil composition and method for selecting fluidity improver for lubricating oil composition |
| WO2012076676A1 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | A viscosity index improver comprising a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer |
| DE102015003014A1 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-15 | Hydac Service Gmbh | supply device |
| US10190067B2 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2019-01-29 | Washington State University | High performance environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluid |
| WO2022106519A1 (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2022-05-27 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Compressor oils with high viscosity index |
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-
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- 2006-02-21 US US11/357,195 patent/US20070197410A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-21 KR KR1020087020391A patent/KR20080098498A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-11-21 JP JP2008555646A patent/JP5757675B2/en active Active
- 2006-11-21 EP EP06830061A patent/EP1987118A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-21 BR BRPI0621364-2A patent/BRPI0621364A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-11-21 CA CA002643098A patent/CA2643098A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-21 WO PCT/EP2006/068713 patent/WO2007096011A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-21 CN CNA2006800518940A patent/CN101336285A/en active Pending
-
2008
- 2008-08-20 ZA ZA200807193A patent/ZA200807193B/en unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106661490A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2017-05-10 | 赢创油品添加剂有限公司 | Hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes |
| CN106661490B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2020-02-28 | 赢创运营有限公司 | Hydraulic fluid in plastic injection molding process |
| CN109642179A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2019-04-16 | 赢创油品添加剂有限公司 | Poly- (methyl) alkyl acrylate of the function of demulsification performance with enhancing |
| CN109642179B (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2021-10-08 | 赢创运营有限公司 | Functional polyalkyl (meth) acrylates with enhanced demulsification properties |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009527601A (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| ZA200807193B (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| EP1987118A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
| CA2643098A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
| WO2007096011A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
| BRPI0621364A2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
| US20070197410A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| JP5757675B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
| KR20080098498A (en) | 2008-11-10 |
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