CN101334384A - Vector phased array ultrasound checking - Google Patents
Vector phased array ultrasound checking Download PDFInfo
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- CN101334384A CN101334384A CNA2007101180571A CN200710118057A CN101334384A CN 101334384 A CN101334384 A CN 101334384A CN A2007101180571 A CNA2007101180571 A CN A2007101180571A CN 200710118057 A CN200710118057 A CN 200710118057A CN 101334384 A CN101334384 A CN 101334384A
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a new ultrasonic detection method with a phased array, which is an ultrasonic detection method with a vector phased array that can achieve higher signal-to-noise ratio and improve axial detecting resolution in comparison with normal phased array detection. The imaging resolution of the ultrasonic detection with the phased array is an important index of detecting imaging and is an important basis for evaluating the detecting capacity of the system, and in order to improve the imaging resolution, the ultrasonic detection method with the vector phased array determines vector phase parameters that mainly include the frequencies and the phase positions of each array element in the phase array according to a preset focus point or a preset deflecting direction as well as the relationship among acoustic pressure, distance and frequency, and the method of the invention realizes focusing by utilizing the incoherent addition of ultrasonic waves with different frequencies in space.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic detection technology, especially the phased array ultrasonic detection method.
Background technology
Often need during Ultrasonic Detection imaging is carried out in a certain zone in the object, for this reason, must carry out acoustic beam scanning.Conventional phased array ultrasonic detection is the time delay by each array element excitation (or reception) pulse in the control transducer array, phase relation when change arrives certain point in (or from) object by each array element emission (or reception) sound wave, realize the variation in focus point and acoustic beam orientation, thereby it is synthetic to finish phased wave beam, be formed into the picture scan-line technique, principle as shown in Figure 1.
The resolution of phased array ultrasonic detection imaging is the important indicator that is detected as picture, is the important evidence of measurement system detectability, therefore also is the target that domestic and international phased array researcher's unremitting effort is pursued.
The contrast resolution characterizes and to be detected as defective and the minimum difference of background on color in the picture, be can detected echo amplitude on the image minimum differentiation, this index is good more, image is fine and smooth more soft, detailed information is abundant more.The contrast resolution is determined that by the precision figure place that the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of detection system and AD sample the high more contrast resolution who obtains of precision of system signal noise ratio, AD (modulus) sampling is also good more.Wherein the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of detection system is relevant with a plurality of factors, comprises excitation frequency, transducer sensitivity, emissive power and reception amplifier gain etc.In the engineering reality, the Ultrasonic Detection of defective has two problems to need to solve.The material at first thick or acoustic attenuation is bigger for crystal grain, detection as cast iron, titanium alloy, compound substance, owing to acoustic energy makes that in the reflection and the scattering process of crystal boundary the acoustic density of focal zone is lower, the echoed signal that receives a little less than, even be submerged in the strong background noise and can't discern; Also having a kind of situation is exactly that requirement to little defects detection ability improves day by day, and it is higher to make that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) to system requires, and requires to have higher focusing gain at the focus place.In fact, the key that solves these two problems is exactly how to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) directly affects and is detected as contrast resolution in the picture.The appearance of phased-array technique, utilize the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that launch its array energy transducer, large aperture and dynamically the characteristics of deflection focusing have improved detection system to a certain extent, improved the contrast resolution of imaging, but had still for detecting little defective in the high attenuating material that focusing gain (acoustic density) is not enough, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is not enough.
Axial resolution characterizes spatial axes to the ability of distinguishing two targets.We can be interpreted as axial resolution in shape in echoed signal: under the impulse response condition in system, the actual ghosts signal through signal (waveform envelope) on the time domain after the HILBERT conversion-3dB or-the 6dB width.In conventional phased array detected, the phase error influence during owing to coherence stack can make echo envelope broaden, thereby reduced the axial resolution that detects.
Summary of the invention
Deal with problems: in the engineering reality, the Ultrasonic Detection of defective has two problems to need to solve.The material at first thick or acoustic attenuation is bigger for crystal grain, detection as cast iron, titanium alloy, compound substance, owing to acoustic energy makes that in the reflection and the scattering process of crystal boundary the acoustic density of focal zone is lower, the echoed signal that receives a little less than, even be submerged in the strong background noise and can't discern; Also having a kind of situation is exactly that requirement to little defects detection ability improves day by day, and it is higher to make that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) to system requires, and requires to have higher focusing gain at the focus place.In conventional phased array detected, the phase error influence during owing to coherence stack can make echo envelope broaden, thereby reduced the axial resolution that detects.Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of new method of phased array ultrasonic detection--and vector phased array Ultrasonic Detection, the more conventional phased array of this method detect and can access higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and improve the detection axial resolution.
Technical scheme: for realizing above purpose, the following technical scheme of the special proposition of the present invention:
For given focus point or yawing moment, by acoustic pressure according to the position of each array element in focus point and phased array relation can a kind of vector phased array Ultrasonic Detection method,
A kind of method of vector phased array Ultrasonic Detection is characterized in that: utilize the non-coherent addition of different frequency ultrasound wave in the space to realize focusing on.
A kind of method of vector phased array Ultrasonic Detection is characterized in that: determine the phased parameter of vector for focus point or the yawing moment set according to acoustic pressure-distance-frequency relation, mainly comprise the frequency and the phase place of each array element in the phased array.
Technique effect: theoretical analysis and experimental results show that each array element excitation frequency and phase place can be obtained higher echo amplitude in the suitable adjustment array, improve image contrast thereby obtain higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); Simultaneously waveform is made moderate progress, make echo envelope more sharp-pointed, to a certain degree improved axial resolution.Theoretical analysis draws in the bigger material of acoustic attenuation under the near-field detection condition, and sound pressure amplitude increases and the better effects if of echo waveform envelope sharpening, and contrast resolution and axial resolution raising are bigger.
Embodiment
The basis of phased array ultrasonic detection is phased fluctuation stack.In industrial phased array detects, the initial acoustic pressure of sound wave is less, that is the vibration velocity of particle is less, Mach number is much smaller than 1, and the effect of the mutual disturbance in the additive process etc. is also very little, that is to say that this moment, coherence stack still was that the process that adds of incoherent wave fold all satisfies small amplitude wave moving-wire superposition principle.
Ultrasonic signal is the train of impulses of the finite length of finite energy.Vector superposed and conventional coherence stack is distinguished as shown in Figure 2, and the amplitude that its medium frequency is high is also bigger, and the amplitude that frequency is low is lower.The picture left above is some damping sequences of the different amplitudes of different frequency, and lower-left figure is the result of non-coherent addition; Top right plot is that bottom-right graph is corresponding stack result, the stable interference fringe of coherence stack occurs with the damping sequence of the different amplitudes of frequency.Can see that the different frequency stack is superimposed upon under the identical situation of the corresponding sound pressure amplitude of each array element with same frequency, the peak value after the stack is identical, but waveform is obviously different.Non-coherent addition is being removed the stable stack enhancing of setting position, and the result of all the other astable stacks in position trends towards zero, and the peak value of coherence stack is to occur in the cycle.The pulse echo envelope shape that obtains like this, non-coherent addition result trends towards sharpening than the coherence stack result.
Tell us for certain position relation to the ultrasonic attenuation feature, only under certain frequency condition, could obtain the maximum sound intensity.At relative position r (r among the figure
1＜r
2) determine after, the relation of acoustic pressure P and frequency f is illustrated as Fig. 3; Distance is big more, and the frequency of acoustic pressure maximum is low more.Why this is just detecting the lower frequency of selection under the bigger situation of distance, and is detecting the reason of near zone with upper frequency.
Distance mainly is two aspects to the influence of acoustic pressure: the one, and wave front enlarges the diffusive attenuation that causes; The 2nd, absorb and scattering apart from build-up effect.Acoustic pressure P with apart from the relation of r as shown in Figure 4, distance increases, acoustic pressure reduces.
Take all factors into consideration the relation of decay and frequency and distance, the factor that influences acoustic pressure has three parts: the increase of distance causes acoustic pressure to reduce; The increase of frequency, distance a hour acoustic pressure increase gradually, and frequency continues to increase, and the material attenuation causes acoustic pressure to reduce.Each array element is different with position relation between the point in the phased array, and distance is also different, according to the different optimal frequencies of the different correspondences of array element distance field point distance, can obtain required phase relation according to focus direction and position again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 phased array ultrasonic detection focuses on and deflection
Fig. 2 vector phased array non-coherent addition and the contrast of coherence stack feature
The relation of Fig. 3 different distance acoustic pressure and frequency
Fig. 4 acoustic pressure and distance relation
Claims (3)
1, a kind of phased-array ultrasonic detection technique is characterized in that: utilize the non-coherent addition of vector pulse ultrasonic wave in the space of different frequency, phase place to realize focusing on and deflection.
2, phased-array ultrasonic detection technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: determine the vector phased array parameter for focus point and the yawing moment set according to acoustic pressure-distance-frequency relation.
3, phased-array ultrasonic detection technique as claimed in claim 1, the vector phased array parameter comprises the vector characteristic of each array element excitation pulse in the phased array: frequency and phase place.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2007101180571A CN101334384A (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2007-06-28 | Vector phased array ultrasound checking |
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| CNA2007101180571A CN101334384A (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2007-06-28 | Vector phased array ultrasound checking |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109932705A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-25 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | A kind of super-wide dynamic range return laser beam reception device and its control method |
| CN110608795A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-24 | 重庆海扶医疗科技股份有限公司 | Dynamic sound pressure detection device and dynamic sound pressure detection method |
| CN116202968A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-06-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser ultrasonic defect detection system and laser ultrasonic phase coherent imaging detection method for additive titanium alloy |
-
2007
- 2007-06-28 CN CNA2007101180571A patent/CN101334384A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110608795A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-24 | 重庆海扶医疗科技股份有限公司 | Dynamic sound pressure detection device and dynamic sound pressure detection method |
| CN109932705A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-25 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | A kind of super-wide dynamic range return laser beam reception device and its control method |
| CN109932705B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2024-04-05 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Ultra-wide dynamic range laser echo receiving device and control method thereof |
| CN116202968A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-06-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser ultrasonic defect detection system and laser ultrasonic phase coherent imaging detection method for additive titanium alloy |
| CN116202968B (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2024-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser ultrasonic defect detection system and laser ultrasonic phase coherent imaging detection method for additive titanium alloy |
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