CN101332540B - Bulk-heating sheet laser pressing method and device - Google Patents
Bulk-heating sheet laser pressing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101332540B CN101332540B CN 200810138720 CN200810138720A CN101332540B CN 101332540 B CN101332540 B CN 101332540B CN 200810138720 CN200810138720 CN 200810138720 CN 200810138720 A CN200810138720 A CN 200810138720A CN 101332540 B CN101332540 B CN 101332540B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plate laser stamping method with an integral heating function and a special device. In the method, ceramics is taken as a female die and a clamping ring; the female die, the clamping ring and the plate are arranged in an electrifying coil, the forming property of the plate is strengthened by heating, and then the plate is irradiated by short pulsed laser with energy density greater than the ignition threshold of the material and is shocked by the shock force of plasma produced by the interaction between the laser and the material to lead to the plastic deformation of the plate under the combined action of the rigid female die. The method belongs to a high-strain rate forming method of rapid forming speed, and can form materials which are hard to be deformed at a normal temperature; the method is especially suitable for deep drawing and bulging of small parts of thin plates and can be applied to the manufacturing field of the structural parts of micro electromechanical system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced manufacturing field, be specifically related to a kind of at pulse laser press-processing method light sheet, the whole heating of band and realize the device of this method.
Background technology
The drawing of sheet material is normally finished by means of punch and die.2007, Chinese patent file CN101020276A discloses the patent of invention of the Zhang Yongkang of Jiangsu University, and " based on the semi-mold precise sheet forming process (application number is 200610161353.5) that large spot single impacts, it is to adopt stripped a kind of Plastic Forming new technology of making punch such as photic grade.This patent is with the absorption protective film of a branch of pulsed laser irradiation plate surface; make its gasification ionization and generate plasma; plasma further absorbs laser energy and explodes; under the restriction of restraint layer; the plasma generation of blast is towards the shock wave pressure of plate surface; this pressure makes sheet material produce plastic deformation, and under the acting in conjunction of shaping half module, obtains the workpiece consistent with the half module shape.Because at normal temperatures, the plasticity of some material is very poor, even under this high strain conditions of laser-impact, and the deflection that can not obtain to expect, thus the range of application of this method is restricted.
U.S. patent documents US2007/0039933A1 in 2007 discloses another with the stripped manufacturing process " System and Method of Laser Dynamic Forming " (application number is 11/507064) of making punch such as photic grade, this method is at first used beam of laser preheating sheet material, impact with another Shu Jiguang then, thereby improved the forming limit of material.But two laser instruments of this invention employing send the laser beam of two bundle difference in functionalitys, building mortion complexity, equipment investment height.
Because the restriction of technical method itself, more than two kinds of patented technologies all do not adopt blank holder.In fact, similar with the drawing of routine, doing with photo plasma in the Plastic Forming of punch, can be expansion forming, also can be drawing and forming, this depends on factors such as sheet material blank size, pressure-pad-force size.When expansion forming, the plastic deformation of sheet material mainly occurs in the laser irradiation area territory, and promptly spot area is main plastically deforming area, and the material between blank holder and the die plasticity takes place hardly flows; And when drawing and forming, the material under the blank holder flows in the die hole, and the fringe region of sheet material is main plastically deforming area, and at this moment, if do not have blank holder or pressure-pad-force too little, wrinkling may take place the fringe region of sheet material.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of control simple in structure, easy, workpiece quality is good, can be used for pulse laser press-processing method difficult-to-deformation material, the whole heating of band under the normal temperature and realize the device of this method.
The plate with laser process for stamping of the whole heating of band of the present invention; the sheet material of surface-coated matcoveredn is clamped between die and the blank holder; die, blank holder, sheet material are all placed induction coil; to strengthen the forming property of sheet material, outside the sheet material protective layer, add restraint layer by the induction coil heating again.Then with the short-pulse laser irradiation sheet material of energy density greater than material igniting threshold value; the protective layer vaporization ionization that pulse laser applies plate surface; and generation plasma; plasma further absorbs laser energy and explodes; the plasma of blast is protected the restriction of the restraint layer of layer outside; thereby produce impulsive force, make sheet material produce plastic deformation, the sheet material shaping that in die, is stamped towards sheet material.
Described die and blank holder all are ceramic materials.
The coating or the plated film of the optional black organic varnish of described protective layer, graphite, aluminium or copper, these films can cover on the workpiece by coating, splash or chemical vapour deposition technique.The energy and the pressure of the plasma that its gasification of the composition of protective layer and thickness effect forms.For example, the copper coin of 20 micron thickness distortion needs the graphite protective layer of 20-30 micron thickness, but when making protective layer with metal coating or metal coating, the thickness of protective layer only needs 15 microns.Preferably, described sheet material is the copper coin of 10-100 micron thickness, and protective layer is the equadag coating of 20-40 micron thickness.
The purpose of described restraint layer be dispersing of plasma confinement body and the shock wave that makes its generation towards sheet material, the preferred quartz glass of restraint layer.When adopting quartz glass was made restraint layer, impact stress can reach more than the 10GPa, and when not having restraint layer, the impulsive force that same laser pulse produced has only about 1GPa.
Relevant technological parameter comprises thickness of the material of laser energy, pulse width, pulse frequency, pulse number, spot size, protective layer and thickness, restraint layer etc., can determine through limited experiment with reference to this area routine techniques according to the material of machining sheet and the specific requirement of sheet forming.
Plasma in the plate with laser process for stamping of the whole heating of described band produces under certain laser intensity, and this intensity is called as the igniting threshold intensity, and represents with power density.Threshold intensity is relevant with the laser irradiation pulsewidth, and within the specific limits, the wide more threshold value of pulsewidth is low more.The also corresponding different threshold intensity of different materials.Wavelength is that the laser of 10.6 μ m roughly is respectively 1.2 * 10 to the threshold intensity of aluminium foil, copper coin, titanium plate
7W/cm
2, 2.75 * 10
7W/cm
2, 2.3 * 10
7W/cm
2The pulse laser press-processing method of the whole heating of described band, the power density of its laser beam must just can obtain desirable impulsive force greater than the igniting threshold intensity of material.One group of feasible technical parameter is that when adopting wavelength to be the laser irradiation of 10.6 μ m, the power density when producing impulsive force is roughly 5GW/cm
2The employing pulse width is that 20ns, power density are 6GW/cm
2, spot diameter is that 1mm, wavelength are the PRK of 0.248 μ m, when irradiation thickness was the 0.05mm aluminium sheet, the formed pit depth of pulse was about 200 μ m.
The important technological parameters of control sheet material heating is electric current, voltage and the frequency of induction coil.Frequency is high more, and the kelvin effect of electric current is remarkable more, and heat penetration is shallow more, promptly is subjected to the edge of area heated the closer to sheet material; Otherwise power frequency is more little, and heat penetration is dark more, until the centre near sheet material.Obviously, when carrying out drawing and forming, the fringe region of sheet material can produce tangible plastic deformation, this part material can flow in the die hole, so should adopt higher power frequency, with the fringe region of heating and softening sheet material, the centre then keeps lower temperature, to guarantee that this part material has higher intensity, the unlikely generation in drawing and forming broken.When carrying out expansion forming, should adopt lower power frequency, the core of sheet material is also heated, so that material generation attenuation bulging that should the zone.
Another important technical parameter of the pulse laser press-processing method of the whole heating of described band of the present invention is a pressure-pad-force.When expansion forming, pressure-pad-force should be enough big, with inwardly flowing of restriction sheet edge region material, thereby obtains desirable spherical parts.During drawing and forming, pressure-pad-force should be suitable, should guarantee that the sheet edge region material can flow in the die hole smoothly, guarantees that again fringe region is not wrinkling.The size of flanging can be by adjusting the gap between blank holder and the die, or the power that applies vertical direction on blank holder is controlled.
Realize the isolated plant of this method; comprise laser controller, laser generator, blank holder, die, three-dimensional workbench, induction coil; the sheet material that scribbles restraint layer and protective layer is clamped in and places induction coil between die and the blank holder jointly, and the short-pulse laser that laser generator produces is radiated on the sheet material.
After blank holder, sheet material, die are overlapping, be enclosed within the induction coil, be placed on together on the three-dimensional workbench, adjust distance between sheet material and the laser beam foucing, thereby adjust the size of hot spot by the three-dimensional workbench.And laser energy, pulse width, pulse frequency, pulse number are then regulated and are controlled by laser controller.
From aforementioned description as can be seen, the important technology of this invention is characterised in that, uses induction coil that sheet material is heated, and by laser-impact, and under the acting in conjunction of ceramic die and blank holder, makes sheet material produce pull and stretch or bulging.
The invention belongs to the high strain rate forming method, forming speed is fast, and the difficult-to-deformation material under the normal temperature that can be shaped is particularly suitable for the pull and stretch and the bulging of light sheet micro parts, can be applied in the manufacturing field of mems structure components and parts.
Technical advantage of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) adopt induction heating mode, heat penetration is easy to control, can select heating region (as heating of sheet edge zone or the whole heating of sheet material) according to arts demand (as pull and stretch or bulging).
(2) adopt ceramic die and ceramic blank holder, in the eddy-current heating process, have only sheet metal to be heated, heating-up temperature is easy to control.
(3) strain rate that laser-impact reached is very high (can reach 10
5s
-1), set laser reinforcement of the present invention and Plastic Forming can produce high density dislocation and a large amount of subgrain structures at material internal in one, improve Deformation structure and part performance.
(4) material wide adaptability, the fragile material of poor ductility effectively is shaped in the time of being out of shape quasistatic under the normal temperature.
(5) adopt die and blank holder structure, the flow regime of metal is easy to control, can effectively avoid the generation of stamping defect such as wrinkling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pulse laser press molding equipment schematic diagram of the whole heating of band.Fig. 2 is a pulse laser stamping process schematic diagram.Fig. 3 is that sheet material impacts the workpiece schematic diagram that the back forms.Wherein: 1. laser controller; 2. laser generator; 3. laser beam (short-pulse laser); 4. restraint layer; 5. protective layer; 6. blank holder; 7. sheet material; 8. die; 9.XYZ three-dimensional workbench; 10. induction coil; 11. the plasma of blast.
The specific embodiment
Describe ins and outs of the present invention and performance in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a building mortion schematic diagram of the present invention.At first with sheet material 7 surface-coated protective layers 5, that protective layer 5 is selected for use is pitch-dark, graphite or metal coating, thickness 10-100 μ m, and the effect of protective layer 5 is to produce plasma and protect sheet material to avoid ablating under the laser irradiation; Cover restraint layer 4 outside protective layer 5, restraint layer 4 is selected quartz glass for use, thickness 1-3mm, and restraint layer is close to transparent fully to laser beam 3, reducing the energy loss of laser beam 3, and avoid restraint layer to be burnt out; Blank holder 6, restraint layer 4, the sheet material 7 that is coated with matcoveredn 5, die 8 centerings are clamped, be placed on together in the induction coil 10; Mould, the induction coil 10 of clamping sheet material 7 together place on the three-dimensional workbench 9; Regulate three-dimensional workbench 9, make sheet material 7 and laser beam 3 centerings; Induction coil 10 powers on, because electromagnetic induction principle, when passing to alternating current in the induction coil 10, produce alternating magnetic field around it, then certainly lead to induced-current on the conductor sheet material 7, it is eddy current, when the power frequency of induction coil 10 was higher, this induced-current mainly concentrated on the sheet material periphery, because the impedance of sheet material itself makes electric energy change heat energy into and heats the sheet edge zone rapidly, therefore, can reach the different heating layer depth by selecting power frequency; After sheet material 7 is heated, open laser controller 1, regulate laser generator 2, change output energy, pulse width, pulse number, the pulse frequency of laser beam 3, the functional density of laser beam 3 is generally greater than 10
9GW/cm
2, pulse width generally got for tens nanoseconds; Laser beam 3 sees through restraint layer 4 and arrives protective layer 5; protective layer 5 is vaporized ionization and forms plasma 11; plasma 11 further absorbs the energy of laser beam 3 and produces blast (as shown in Figure 2); the plasma 11 of blast is under the effect of restraint layer 5; generation is towards the surge of sheet material 7; under the effect of die 8, sheet material 7 is carried out drawing.
The pulse laser press-processing method operating procedure of the whole heating of band is: the position of beginning → select sheet material and die → protective layer is coated on the sheet material → adjusts workpiece and die → cover that restraint layer → blank holder clamps or keep fixed interval (FI) → mould is placed in the induction coil → adjust the relative position of sheet material and laser beam → unlatching induction coil → one or more laser pulses are acted on sheet material → remove die → remove also cleaning workpiece → end of restraint layer → taking-up by the three-dimensional workbench with die at protective layer.
Claims (2)
1. be with the plate with laser process for stamping of whole heating, it is characterized in that, the sheet material of surface-coated matcoveredn is clamped between die and the blank holder, die, blank holder, sheet material are all placed induction coil, to strengthen the forming property of sheet material, outside the sheet material protective layer, add restraint layer by the induction coil heating again; Then with the short-pulse laser irradiation sheet material of energy density greater than material igniting threshold value, the protective layer vaporization ionization that pulse laser applies plate surface, and generation plasma, plasma further absorbs laser energy and explodes, the plasma of blast is protected the restriction of the restraint layer of layer outside, thereby produce impulsive force, make sheet material produce plastic deformation, the sheet material shaping that in die, is stamped towards sheet material;
Described die and blank holder all are ceramic materials;
Described sheet material is the copper coin of 10-100 micron thickness, and protective layer is the equadag coating of 20-40 micron thickness.
2. implement the described isolated plant of being with the plate with laser process for stamping of whole heating of claim 1 for one kind; comprise laser controller (1), laser generator (2), blank holder (6), die (8), three-dimensional workbench (9), induction coil (10); the sheet material (7) that is coated with matcoveredn (5) and restraint layer (4) is clamped between die (8) and the blank holder (6); and place induction coil (10) jointly, the short-pulse laser (3) that laser generator (2) produces is radiated on the sheet material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810138720 CN101332540B (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2008-07-30 | Bulk-heating sheet laser pressing method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810138720 CN101332540B (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2008-07-30 | Bulk-heating sheet laser pressing method and device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101332540A CN101332540A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| CN101332540B true CN101332540B (en) | 2011-06-01 |
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| CN 200810138720 Expired - Fee Related CN101332540B (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2008-07-30 | Bulk-heating sheet laser pressing method and device |
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| CN102489877B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-09-03 | 河南科技大学 | Laser shock method and laser shock device |
| CN103568439B (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2015-09-23 | 昆山荣科钣金科技有限公司 | The preparation technology of Anti-static electricity panel |
| CN103173596B (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electromagnetic pulse strengthening and forming device adopting small ball cushion die |
| CN104195295B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-05-25 | 江苏大学 | Laser temperature pill spraying surface reinforcing method and device that heat affected area is controlled |
| CN104816091B (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2016-05-04 | 山东大学 | The synchronous riveted seaming method of ultra-thin sheet material pulsed laser and device |
| CN105127314A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏理工学院 | Ultrastrong laser shock based thin plate connecting device and connecting method thereof |
| CN107639168B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-08-30 | 香港生产力促进局 | The process for stamping and its device of hybrid electromagnetic induction and laser heating |
| CN108085479A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of temperature-controlled laser shock peening high temperature stability maintenance method and apparatus |
| CN107717212B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-04-02 | 江苏大学 | A kind of metal sheet profiled devices and methods therefor of laser-impact |
| CN108941306B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-06-26 | 华中科技大学 | Amorphous alloy steam explosion impact thermoforming method |
| CN110116158A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-13 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of induced with laser micro-impact briquetting device |
| CN111957802A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-20 | 燕山大学 | Differential temperature drawing process method |
| CN112453168B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-11-05 | 燕山大学 | Electromagnetically-driven soft male die hydro-mechanical deep drawing forming device and process method |
| CN114603252B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for auxiliary laser shock micro-forming by medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating |
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