CN101331278B - Safety device for hydraulic hitch assembly - Google Patents
Safety device for hydraulic hitch assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101331278B CN101331278B CN200680046739XA CN200680046739A CN101331278B CN 101331278 B CN101331278 B CN 101331278B CN 200680046739X A CN200680046739X A CN 200680046739XA CN 200680046739 A CN200680046739 A CN 200680046739A CN 101331278 B CN101331278 B CN 101331278B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic
- safety means
- disengaged position
- hitch assembly
- bonding station
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/3618—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat with two separating hooks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/365—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat with redundant latching means, e.g. for safety purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/3663—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat hydraulically-operated
Abstract
A safety device for use with a hydraulic hitch assembly operable between an engaged and a disengaged position, the safety device including: a main body portion moveable between an engaged position and a disengaged position, whereby when the main body portion is in the engaged position the safety device prevents the hydraulic hitch assembly from moving to a disengaged position; a biasing means to bias the main body portion towards an engaged position; and a hydraulic piston which when operated acts against the biasing means and moves the main body portion to a disengaged position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of safety means that are used for hydraulic hitch assembly, be specifically related to a kind of safety means that can operate away from tie-in module.
Background technology
Such as the large-scale mechanically moving of excavator etc. the versatility that various attachment devices improve machinery is installed all usually.The example of this attachment device comprises scraper bowl or rock hammer.Typically, these attachment devices are installed in by fast replacing device on the articulated jib of excavator, and described fast replacing device is such as usually by the tie-in module of hydraulic actuation or join device soon.
Described a kind of hydraulic hitch assembly in Australian Patent 586124, it comprises can remote-operatedly be suitable for a pair of reverse claw that moves between bonding station and disengaged position.At disengaged position, described claw can be assemblied between the internal transverse hinge pins of attachment device.Then, by using hydraulic piston or cylinder, described claw moves away to bonding station mutually, clamps the transverse hinge pins of attachment device and holds it in suitable position at this position claw and use.
Because have the danger of hydraulic failure, hydraulic hitch assembly might almost contract immediately to disengaged position under the situation of hydraulic failure, therefore require the hydraulic hitch assembly installing can prevent the safe qualification equipment that tie-in module is thrown off from attachment device.These safely qualification equipment typically be and need mechanical operation member to engage and the plant equipment of separating safety means in the position of tie-in module.Like this, when this means each conversion attachment device, the operator must get off from the operating room of operating machine to separate safety means.Then, the operator need go up again and operate the attachment device that hydraulic means driving tie-in module is changed tie-in module in the operating room, and the operator must get off to engage safe qualification equipment again from operating room once more afterwards.
Thereby the present invention seeks to provide a kind of safety means that use in hydraulic hitch assembly, specifically is to seek to provide a kind of safety means that can operate from the operating room of the machinery that comprises tie-in module.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect, the invention provides a kind of safety means that are used for hydraulic hitch assembly, this hydraulic hitch assembly can be operated between joint and disengaged position, and described safety means comprise:
Main part, described main part can move between bonding station and disengaged position, and thus, when main part was in bonding station, safety means prevented that hydraulic hitch assembly from moving to disengaged position;
Biasing device, described biasing device with described main part towards the bonding station bias voltage; And,
Hydraulic piston, this hydraulic piston acts on biasing device and makes main part move to disengaged position when operation.
Preferably, described main part moves between bonding station and disengaged position around pivotal point.
Preferably, described biasing device is made as such as the such mechanical device of spring.
Described hydraulic hitch assembly can be operated between disengaged position and bonding station by hydraulic cylinder or piston.In this form, hydraulic cylinder or piston are operated by hydraulic circuit, wherein, move to bonding station in order to make described tie-in module, and hydraulic fluid is drawn into oil cylinder or piston under pressure a side realizes described moving.In case be in bonding station, the valve module that comprises in the hydraulic circuit just prevents that described hydraulic cylinder or piston from moving to described disengaged position with described tie-in module.Preferably, this valve module is the form of flap valve.Described valve module prevents moving of described oil cylinder or piston, is applied to described valve module until positive hydraulic pressure, and hydraulic cylinder or piston unclamp thus, thereby allow that described tie-in module turns back to described disengaged position.
Preferably, the described hydraulic piston of described safety means also is connected to the described hydraulic circuit of described tie-in module.More preferably, be applied to and unclamp described hydraulic piston on the described valve module and/or cylinder turns back to the described malleation of described disengaged position to allow described tie-in module, put at first on the described hydraulic piston of described security component, thereby before described tie-in module turns back to disengaged position, make the described main part of described safety means move to described disengaged position.
According to a further aspect, the invention provides a kind of method that hydraulic hitch assembly is thrown off from bonding station, described hydraulic hitch assembly comprises safety means, wherein, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) the described hydraulic piston for described safety means provides malleation, and described malleation is enough to overcome described biasing device and makes described safety means move to disengaged position from bonding station; And
(ii) make described hydraulic hitch assembly move to disengaged position.
Description of drawings
From describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing preferred but will understand the present invention better the detailed description of non-limiting embodiment, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the safety means of one aspect of the invention,
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of hydraulic hitch assembly,
Fig. 3 is equipped with the schematic diagram of hydraulic hitch assembly that is in the safety means of bonding station according to one aspect of the invention, and,
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the hydraulic hitch assembly of the safety means that are in a disengaged position according to one aspect of the invention is housed.
The specific embodiment
The term that uses in the whole manual " hydraulic hitch assembly " is intended to comprise fast device and is used for being connected to various attachment devices on the big machinery and the hydraulic package of any kind that separates from it.
Referring to Fig. 1, show the safety means that can be connected to hydraulic hitch assembly.Safety means 10 comprise and are longilineal main part 12 basically, and comprise abutting end 85 and pivotal point 15.Safety means 10 also comprise spring 20, are pressed against on the maintainance block 45 in these diagrammatic sketch medi-spring 20 biasings, and this maintainance block 45 is fixed with respect to the main part of hydraulic hitch assembly (not shown in figure 1).Safety means 10 also comprise hydraulic piston 35, and it has hydraulic fluid space 25, be used to receive under the pressurized hydraulic fluid with the operation hydraulic piston 35.Hydraulic piston 35 is shown and rests on the maintainance block 40, and maintainance block 40 also can connect with fixing with respect to the main part of tie-in module, and is not attached to the main part 12 of safety means 10.Hi an alternative embodiment, maintainance block can be connected to the main part of the hydraulic cylinder related with hydraulic hitch assembly 70.
Now referring to Fig. 2, the hydraulic hitch assembly by 51 indications is shown among the figure substantially, it is used for attachment device with for example scraper bowl or rock hammer and for example is connected to heavy-duty machinery as excavator.Tie-in module 51 comprises two remote-operated reverse claws 60,65 of energy, and these two claws can move between bonding station (as shown in Figure 2) and disengaged position.At disengaged position, oppositely claw 60 and 65 can be assemblied between the transverse hinge pins 50 and 55 of concrete attachment device, thereby unclamps attachment device.In case engage with attachment device, claw 60 and 65 is just pushed open by the hydraulic cylinder 70 that can operate from mechanical operating room, and hydraulic cylinder is pushed claw 60 and 65 open and is firmly fastened to tie-in module 51 until attachment device.
Although it is not shown among Fig. 2, hydraulic cylinder 70 moves by hydraulic circuit, operation by hydraulic circuit is with hydraulic fluid suction hydraulic cylinder 70, hydraulic cylinder 70 make again claw 65 away from claw 60 to engage with attachment device, cut off the hydraulic fluid of autonomous hydraulic circuit at this position flap valve, thereby make claw 65 and 60 remain on engagement state.Thereby for opening flap valve and separate hydraulic hitch assembly 51, must apply normal pressure unclamping hydraulic cylinder 70 to flap valve, thereby allow that claw 65 returns disengaged condition.
Now referring to Fig. 3, the safety means of installing in conjunction with hydraulic hitch assembly shown in the figure 10.Safety means 10 and hydraulic hitch assembly are shown and are in bonding station, and thus, attachment device is firmly fastened to tie-in module.Under the situation of hydraulic failure, hydraulic cylinder 70 can unclamp, and allows that thus claw 65 shrinks to claw 60.In this case, the abutment of safety means 85 can engage the joint breach 80 of tie-in modules 51, thereby preventing that claw 60 and 65 from moving to together exceeds the distance that can allow that attachment device is thrown off from tie-in module.
Safety means 10 are hinged on fixed point 15 with respect to tie-in module 51, and here safety means can rotate between bonding station and disengaged position around putting 15.When hydraulic hitch assembly 51 was in bonding station, the spring 20 of safety means 10 connected with respect to tie-in module 51 by backup and fixing maintainance block 45 and safety means are pressed into bonding station.
In order to make safety means throw off this position, must be to the cavity 25 supply pressurized hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic piston 35 that is arranged in safety means 10.In case apply enough pressure to fluid, hydraulic piston 35 is just shifted onto on the maintainance block 40 downwards, and maintainance block 40 also connects with fixing with respect to the main part of tie-in module, thereby overcomes the biasing force of mechanical spring 20 and promote safety means.In case the power of hydraulic piston 35 backup maintainance blocks 40 greater than the elastic force of spring 20, will cause safety means to rise and around pin joint 15 motions, the equipment that makes moves to disengaged position.
Now referring to Fig. 4, safety means shown in the figure 10 are in a disengaged position, thus the hydraulic piston 35 of safety means 10 backup be connected to the maintainance block 40 of tie-in module, thereby safety means 10 are moved to disengaged position.Can find out, at disengaged position, no longer aliging with the re-spective engagement breach 80 of tie-in module in the abutment 85 of safety means 10, thereby in case the hydraulic cylinder of tie-in module is allowed unclamps and make hydraulic hitch assembly 51 move on to disengaged position, just allows claw 60 and 65 withdrawals.
A clear and definite advantage of safety means 10 is, for release apparatus and allow that the claw 60 and 65 of tie-in module 51 is withdrawn into disengaged position, can come the hydraulic piston 35 of handling safety equipment 10 from the such point of the operating room of for example described heavy-duty machinery away from tie-in module.
As another advantage of this layout, the hydraulic fluid of operation hydraulic piston 35 can be the part of the hydraulic circuit related with hydraulic hitch assembly 51.In this form, be applied to the counter-pressure that flap valve is used to unclamp the hydraulic cylinder 70 of tie-in module 51 and point to the hydraulic piston of safety means 10 at first, thereby before the hydraulic cylinder 70 that unclamps tie-in module 51, make safety means move to disengaged position just.Like this, can be from the operating room handling safety equipment 10 of excavator etc., thus do not need the operator in order to throw off safety means to remove and various attachment devices are connected to hydraulic hitch assembly and get off from operating room.
In addition, this layout also provides extra benefit of safety, that is, if exist hydraulic failure to cause the hydraulic hitch assembly withdrawal really, safety means can not move to disengaged position so, because this mobile meeting needs hydraulic pressure to finish.Therefore, under the situation of hydraulic failure, safety means can be in bonding station always.
For the operator of excavator of helping to be equipped with safety means of the present invention etc. determines that safety means 10 are in bonding station or disengaged position, safety means can also be installed display unit (not shown in figures).According to a kind of form, display unit can be the form of two flanges, and flange extends from the abutting end of safety means 10, and extend another end from contiguous pivotal point 15.When safety means were in bonding station, flange arrangement made the operator can be sure of that safety means are in bonding station for making that flange has specific structure when from the operating room observation of excavator.In case safety means move to disengaged position, flange is just no longer aimed at described particular configuration, shows that safety means no longer are in bonding station.Hi an alternative embodiment, display unit can be arranged in the practical operation chamber of excavator etc. and adopt for example form of lamp, provides safety means to be in the engagement state or the indication of disengaged condition to the operator when described lamp is operated.
The example of embodiment of the present invention is as described below:
The flap valve related with the hydraulic cylinder of typical hydraulic tie-in module operated with 3: 1 ratio, and just flap valve can provide the pressing pressure that is subjected to of 3000PSI, and this pressure will keep hydraulic hitch assembly to be in bonding station.Because flap valve was with 3: 1 ratio operation, so it needs the counter-pressure of 1000PSI to unclamp, hydraulic hitch assembly will be withdrawn into disengaged position after this.In this example, the counter-pressure of 1000PSI is in application to the hydraulic piston that flap valve is provided to safety means before, and this pressure is enough to operate hydraulic piston overcoming the power of biasing device, thereby makes safety means move to disengaged condition and allow that tie-in module moves to disengaged position.
Because a variety of causes, for example exist the sealing of hydraulic pressure bypass, hydraulic cylinder to be destroyed or hydraulic fluid in pollution is arranged, keep the pressing pressure that is subjected to of the hydraulic cylinder of tie-in module to descend.In this case, unclamp the required pressure of flap valve and also can descend according to 3: 1 ratio, unclamp thus the required pressure of flap valve with deficiency so that the hydraulic piston of safety means is used for overcoming the power of biasing device (for example spring).This means that safety means can not move to disengaged position, thereby need constantly monitor the trouble free service situation of hydraulic hitch assembly.
At last, can understand, inventive concept of the present invention can both be incorporated into aspect any one in many different structures at it, makes previously described generality do not replaced by the particularity of accompanying drawing.Various changes, modification and/or increase the various structures that can incorporate parts into and arrange in and do not throw off the spirit or scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is used for the safety means that use with hydraulic hitch assembly, can between joint and disengaged position, operate by the described hydraulic pressure coupling assembling of hydraulic cylinder, described hydraulic cylinder can be operated by the hydraulic fluid that comprises in the hydraulic circuit, and described safety means comprise:
Main part, described main part can move between bonding station and disengaged position, and thus, when main part was in bonding station, safety means prevented that hydraulic hitch assembly from moving to disengaged position;
Biasing device, described biasing device with described main part towards the bonding station bias voltage; And,
Hydraulic piston, this hydraulic piston acts on biasing device and makes main part move to disengaged position when operation,
Wherein, the hydraulic fluid that comprises in the hydraulic circuit by described hydraulic hitch assembly is operated the hydraulic piston of described safety means.
2. safety means as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described main part moves between bonding station and disengaged position around pivotal point.
3. safety means as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pivotal point is fixed with respect to described hydraulic hitch assembly.
4. as claim 2 or 3 described safety means, wherein, described pivotal point is positioned at an end of described main part.
5. safety means as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described biasing device is a spring.
6. safety means as claimed in claim 1, wherein, just at the operation hydraulic cylinder so that before hydraulic hitch assembly moves to disengaged position, provide hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic piston of described safety means with malleation, described malleation is enough to make described safety means to move to disengaged position.
7. safety means as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described safety means comprise the display unit that is used for providing indication to the operator, described indication shows that described safety means are in bonding station or disengaged position.
8. method that hydraulic hitch assembly is thrown off from bonding station, described hydraulic hitch assembly comprises safety means as claimed in claim 1, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) hydraulic piston for described safety means provides malleation, and described malleation is enough to overcome biasing device and makes described safety means move to disengaged position from bonding station; And
(ii) make described hydraulic hitch assembly move to disengaged position.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005906979 | 2005-12-12 | ||
| AU2005906979A AU2005906979A0 (en) | 2005-12-12 | Safety device for hydraulic hitch assembly | |
| PCT/AU2006/001884 WO2007068043A1 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Safety device for hydraulic hitch assembly |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101331278A CN101331278A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| CN101331278B true CN101331278B (en) | 2011-06-29 |
Family
ID=38162472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200680046739XA Expired - Fee Related CN101331278B (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Safety device for hydraulic hitch assembly |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090220326A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1963585A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5266060B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100988203B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101331278B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2006324379B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2631107C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ569184A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007068043A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1852555B1 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2012-09-12 | Kinshofer GmbH | A safety locking device for a quick coupler |
| AT507598B1 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2012-03-15 | Wacker Neuson Linz Gmbh | DEVICE FOR REPLACEABLE TOOLS |
| FR2944534B1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2016-09-23 | Morin | BLOCK MODULE FOR A FAST ATTACHING ASSEMBLY OF A TOOL ON A PUBLIC WORKS MACHINE. |
| AT510095B1 (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-06-15 | Erna Kronberger | INSECT DEVICE |
| KR20130140781A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2013-12-24 | 스튜어트 알렉산더 에섹스 | A hydraulic hitch assembly |
| US20140294497A1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Locking system for quick coupler |
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| AU4412285A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-12 | Jones, P.O. | Quick-release hitch |
| WO1988002421A1 (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-07 | Stuart Alexander Essex | Excavator attachment |
| US4810162A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1989-03-07 | J. C. Bamford Excavators Limited | Mounting a working implement |
| GB2268464A (en) * | 1992-07-04 | 1994-01-12 | Fermec Mfg Ltd | Implement coupler. |
| CN2639362Y (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2004-09-08 | 常林股份有限公司 | Breaking device for loader |
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2006
- 2006-12-12 JP JP2008543617A patent/JP5266060B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 CA CA2631107A patent/CA2631107C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 AU AU2006324379A patent/AU2006324379B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-12 WO PCT/AU2006/001884 patent/WO2007068043A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-12 KR KR1020087014447A patent/KR100988203B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-12 CN CN200680046739XA patent/CN101331278B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 US US12/086,534 patent/US20090220326A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-12 NZ NZ569184A patent/NZ569184A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-12 EP EP06840375A patent/EP1963585A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4412285A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-12 | Jones, P.O. | Quick-release hitch |
| US4810162A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1989-03-07 | J. C. Bamford Excavators Limited | Mounting a working implement |
| WO1988002421A1 (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-07 | Stuart Alexander Essex | Excavator attachment |
| GB2268464A (en) * | 1992-07-04 | 1994-01-12 | Fermec Mfg Ltd | Implement coupler. |
| CN2639362Y (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2004-09-08 | 常林股份有限公司 | Breaking device for loader |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009518588A (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| CN101331278A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| AU2006324379A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| CA2631107A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| US20090220326A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| KR100988203B1 (en) | 2010-10-18 |
| AU2006324379B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
| WO2007068043A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| CA2631107C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
| KR20080091431A (en) | 2008-10-13 |
| EP1963585A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
| JP5266060B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| NZ569184A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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