CN101324490B - High flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus - Google Patents
High flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101324490B CN101324490B CN2008101172349A CN200810117234A CN101324490B CN 101324490 B CN101324490 B CN 101324490B CN 2008101172349 A CN2008101172349 A CN 2008101172349A CN 200810117234 A CN200810117234 A CN 200810117234A CN 101324490 B CN101324490 B CN 101324490B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-flow aerosol sampling device, which is characterized in that the aerosol sampling device mainly comprises a macroparticle cutter, a concentrating separator and a sampler. The macroparticle cutter comprises an inner tube, an outer tube, a top cap, an insect preventing net cover and an air flow output pipe, wherein a circle of air flow inlets are arranged between the outer tube and the top cap; an air flow spray nozzle is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube; the air flow output pipe is arranged in the insect preventing net cover and fixed on the tapered bottom surface of the outer tube. The aerosol concentrating separator comprises an outer shell, and an upper spray nozzle and a lower spray nozzle which are respectively arranged, wherein a ventilation clearance is reserved between the upper spray nozzle and the lower spray nozzle, so as to form a preliminary spray nozzle separated by small particles; ventilation clearances are reserved among the lower spray nozzle and the air flow inlets, so as to form a secondary spray nozzle. The aerosol sampling device has the advantages of simple structure and small volume, and can be used for the concentration, the separation and the real-time monitoring of biological aerosol in the atmosphere.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus, particularly about a kind of combined type virtual impact high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus that can be used for bioaerosol concentrating and separating in the atmosphere.
Background technology
Along with economic globalization process is quickened day by day, worldwide the New Development infectious disease occurs repeatedly, Public Health Emergencies happen occasionally, and bio-terrorism threatens and more shows outstanding, and bio-safety has become the major issue that has a strong impact on human lives, national security and economic development.Microorganisms such as infective virus, bio-terrorism weapon all are to be present in the atmosphere with the particulate state, and the potential danger of monitoring propagation particle in the atmosphere in real time is imperative.The diameter that experiment showed, propagable microorganism particle in the air is generally more than 2 microns, and what can work the mischief to human body is sucked particle below 10 microns.Therefore, gathering in the atmosphere 2～10 microns biomone effectively is one of key problem in technology of accurately measuring harmful microorganism concentration.
Because airborne microorganism particle concentration is very low, the restriction of bioaerosol detection method sensitivity in addition, at present, Domestic Environment monitoring field is to the big traffic sampling device of the many employings of the collection that can suck particle.There is following deficiency in this sampling apparatus: 1, stop up gas circuit in order to prevent materials such as precipitation, insect and blade of grass, willow catkins flying in the air to be inhaled into the high flow rate aerosol sampling thief, need special rain cover of design and resistance worm net, the rainproof resistance of air inlet worm guard and macroparticle separation vessel and concentrating and separating device be absolute construction each other, volume and weight is bigger, and inconvenience is installed and used.2, the macroparticle cutter mostly is cyclone separator or solid impact plate, all has the particle rebound phenomena.3, the inner chamber of the acceleration spout of concentrating and separating device is generally cylindrical and conical combination, and is relatively poor to the shaping capability of air-flow streamline, has bigger wall loss.4, cyclone separator can not effectively be removed the biomone less than 2 microns.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, the combined type virtual impact high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus that volume is little, can be used for bioaerosol concentrating and separating in the atmosphere.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus is characterized in that it mainly comprises: a macroparticle cutter, a concentrating and separating device and a sampling thief; Described macroparticle cutter comprises: a cylindrical inner core, the top of described inner core are provided with a rainproof resistance worm top cover that is connected as a single entity with it; One top is set in the described inner core to be fixed on the described top cover, the resistance worm guard of base seal, described inner core outside is provided with a urceolus, the bottom of described urceolus is condensed to a taper bottom surface to the center, the outer of described top cover is downward-sloping to be lower than described urceolus, has a circle airflow inlet between described urceolus and the described top cover; Relative close between described inner core foot and the described urceolus, form the air current spray nozzle that a circle shrinks gradually; Be equipped with the air-flow efferent duct that a lower end is fixed on described urceolus taper bottom surface in the described resistance worm guard; Described gasoloid concentrating and separating device comprises: a shell, the top of described shell and middle part are provided with a back up pad respectively, one top nozzle and nozzle once are set respectively on described two back up pads, described top nozzle top connects described air-flow efferent duct, leave airspace between the nozzle bottom the described top nozzle and under described, form the first order accelerating jet that small-particle separates.Back up pad around the described nozzle down is provided with a circle first order small-particle exhausr port, and described shell bottom plate one side is provided with the total exhausr port of a small-particle, and described total exhaust ports is provided with a blower fan; Described sampling thief is arranged on described shell bottom plate below, the sample gas head piece of described sampling thief is arranged on the base plate, face the described bottom of nozzle down, and and described down nozzle between leave airspace, form the second level accelerating jet that small-particle separates between described nozzle down and the described sample gas head piece.
The streamlined that the lower inner wall of described upper and lower nozzle is arranged to shrink.
Described sampling thief is one of Liquid sampler, solid sampling device and particulate analytical instrument.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the macroparticle cutter that the present invention stops the bigger non-aerosol class foreign material of quality to suck by airflow inlet between top cover and the urceolus, by interior, narrow annular channel cuts the particle greater than 10 microns between the urceolus, by last, first order separation is carried out to the particle less than 2 microns in gap between the following nozzle, separate carrying out the second level by the gap between the airflow orifice of following nozzle and sampling thief less than 2 microns particle, without any impingement baffles, separate thoroughly, make the particle that enters sampling thief meet diameter, less than 10 microns collection requirement greater than 2 microns.2, the present invention is arranged to taper with outer tube bottom, makes it and hinder between the worm guard bottom to have formed a cushion space and macroparticle feeder, can prevent effectively that therefore the macroparticle bounce-back of separating from air-flow from entering in the next stage air-flow.3, the present invention fuses owing to the air inlet with the macroparticle cutter hinders worm guard and rainproof top cover and inner core, reduced the structure volume and weight, help the miniaturization of instrument, all nozzle inner walls of the present invention simultaneously all adopt airflow design, help the shaping of air-flow, can reduce the wall loss of particulate.4, the present invention is owing to adopt macroparticle cutter, concentrating and separating device and sampling thief fabricated structure, three parts both can use separately, also can be used in combination, both can self constitute a high flow rate aerosol sampling thief, also can export sample gas and detect for the particle analysis instrument.The present invention is simple in structure, and volume is little, and installation and cleaning are all very convenient, can be widely used in the concentrating and separating and real-time observation process of bioaerosol in the atmosphere.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a macroparticle cutter synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is concentrating and separating device of the present invention and aerosol sampler synoptic diagram
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention mainly comprises macroparticle cutter 1, concentrating and separating device 2 and sampling thief 3.
As shown in Figure 2, macroparticle cutter 1 of the present invention comprises: a upper and lower penetrating cylindrical inner core 11, be provided with a rainproof top cover 12 that fuses with it at the top of inner core 11, a top be set in inner core 11 be fixed on the top cover 12, the resistance worm guard 13 of base seal.At inner core 11 outer setting one urceolus 14, the bottom of urceolus 14 is condensed to a taper bottom surface to the center, the top of urceolus 14 is lower than top one segment distance of inner core 11, the diameter dimension of top cover 12 is greater than the diameter dimension of urceolus 14, and the outer rim of top cover 12 is downward-sloping to be lower than urceolus 14, between urceolus 14 and top cover 12, form a circle airflow inlet 15, can prevent effectively that the bigger non-aerosol class foreign material of quality from sucking airflow inlet 15.Between inner core 11 foots and urceolus 14, be relatively set with an enlarging and a circle annular protrusion 16, make and form the narrow annular channel 17 that a circle shrinks gradually between inner core 11 and the urceolus 14.Be equipped with an air-flow efferent duct 18 in guard 13, the lower end of air-flow efferent duct 18 passes from urceolus 14 bottoms and connects concentrating and separating device 2.
As shown in Figure 3, concentrating and separating device 2 of the present invention comprises: a shell 21, at the top and the middle part of shell 21 back up pad 22,23 is set respectively, and a top nozzle 24 and nozzle 25 once are set respectively on two back up pads 22,23.Top nozzle 24 tops can directly connect macroparticle cutter 1 air-flow efferent duct 18, also can connect air-flow efferent duct 18 by flexible pipe.Leave airspace 26 between the outlet of top nozzle 24 and the following nozzle 25, formed the first order accelerating jet that small-particle separates between top nozzle 24 and the following nozzle 25.Around the following nozzle 25 of back up pad 23, be provided with a circle first order small-particle exhausr port 27.Base plate one side at shell 21 is provided with the total exhausr port 28 of a small-particle, and a blower fan 29 outside exhausts are set in the bottom of the total exhausr port 28 of small-particle.
The present invention is when sampling operation, be arranged on concentrating and separating device 2 and sampling thief 3 indoor, and macroparticle cutter 1 is arranged on outdoor, and the air-flow efferent duct 18 of macroparticle pipe cutter 1 is connected (only as example) by flexible pipe with the top of the nozzle 24 of concentrating and separating device 2.
As shown in Figure 1, during the sampling beginning, under the suction of blower fan 29, particulate in the atmospheric environment can not directly enter inner core 11, can only enter between inner core 11 and the urceolus 14 along the circle of one between urceolus 14 and the top cover 12 airflow inlet 15, and the narrow annular channel 17 that shrinks gradually from a circle that forms between inner core 11 bottoms and the urceolus 14 enters inner core 11.Enter inner core 11 and can change direction with air-flow, upwards enter air-flow efferent duct 18, enter concentrating and separating device 2 then by resistance worm guard 13 less than 10 microns small-particle air-flows; And in the air-flow greater than 10 microns particle under action of inertia, can not change direction with the motion that air-flow makes progress, can only impinge upon the taper bottom surface of macroparticle cutter 1 urceolus 14.Formed the macroparticle feeder of a buffering between taper bottom surface and the resistance worm guard, can prevent that the macroparticle bounce-back of separating from entering in the next stage air-flow from air-flow.Macroparticle cutter of the present invention can use separately, also can be used in combination with concentrating and separating device and sampling thief.
As shown in Figure 3, gasoloid concentrating and separating device of the present invention adopts 2 grades of virtual impact structures, owing to leave airspace 26 between two nozzles 24,25, major part is lower than 2 microns small-particle carries out the first order herein and separates, and the separated small-particle that is lower than 2 microns flows to the total exhausr port 28 of small-particle by the first order small-particle exhausr port 27 that is arranged on the back up pad 23.And the remaining small-particle that is lower than 2 microns can be when nozzle 25 flows into the sample gas head piece 31 of sampling thiefs 3, get rid of from the airspace between nozzle 25 and the sample gas head piece 31 32, make the particle that enters sampling thief 3 sample gas head pieces 31 meet diameter, less than 10 microns collection requirement greater than 2 microns.The present invention is in order to reduce the wall loss of particulate, and the inwall of two nozzles 24,25 all is designed to streamlined, helps the shaping of air-flow and reduces the loss of particle.Sampling thief 3 of the present invention can be a Liquid sampler, also can be the solid sampling device, can also be introduced directly into the particulate analytical instrument and carry out check and analysis.
By the separation gatherer process of above-mentioned particulate as can be seen, the behavior of particulate in air velocity distribution mainly is subjected to two parameter control, and one is stokes number (S
Tk), one is Reynolds number (Re), and the present invention calculates the size of each nozzle of virtual impact high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus mainly according to these two parameters, and the particle size that each nozzle can separate is called cut point (Stk
50), stokes number S
TkCan calculate (this comprises the narrow annular channel 17 between the inside and outside tube, the spout radius of the spout of top nozzle 24 and following nozzle 25 etc.) by following formula:
In the following formula, D
pBe particle diameter (cm), ρ
pBe particle density (kg/m
3), Cc is the slippage correction coefficient, U
0Be the mean flow rate (m/s) of spout air-flow, L
cBe jet size, round nozzle is a radius, and narrow slit type nozzle is half-breadth (m), and μ is the coefficient of viscosity (kg/ms) of fluid.
The computing formula of Reynolds number (Re) is as follows:
In the following formula, ρ
fBe atmospheric density (kg/m
3), except L
cBe that all the other parameters are the same outside the width of the diameter of round nozzle or narrow slit type nozzle.
In the virtual impact high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus air-flow flow and particle separate and the power of collection from blower fan 29, the selection of blower fan 29 is extremely important, the major parameter that influences fan performance is the pressure head of blower fan 29, and the selection of fan pressure head depends primarily on the pressure drop of each accelerating jet (Δ P):
In the following formula, K is a pressure coefficient, and for limited flow range, K is constant basically.
During the pressure loss in the reactance capacity of ignoring blower fan and stream, the power of desirable blower fan (Pwr) should be:
Pwr＝Q
maΔP
ma+Q
miΔP
mi
In the following formula, Q
MaBe primary air (cm/sec), Δ P
MaBe the pressure reduction (Pa) between accelerating jet inlet and primary air (fine particle) outlet, Q
MiBe the flow (cm/sec) of a minute air-flow (corase particles), Δ P
MiBe the pressure reduction (cm/sec) between accelerating jet inlet and the branch air stream outlet.
Claims (3)
1. a high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus is characterized in that it mainly comprises: a macroparticle cutter, a concentrating and separating device and a sampling thief;
Described macroparticle cutter comprises: a cylindrical inner core, the top of described inner core are provided with a rainproof resistance worm top cover that is connected as a single entity with it; One top is set in the described inner core to be fixed on the described top cover, the resistance worm guard of base seal, described inner core outside is provided with a urceolus, the bottom of described urceolus is condensed to a taper bottom surface to the center, the outer of described top cover is downward-sloping to be lower than described urceolus, has a circle airflow inlet between described urceolus and the described top cover; Between described inner core foot and described urceolus, be relatively set with an enlarging and a circle annular protrusion, make and form the narrow annular channel that a circle shrinks gradually between described inner core and the described urceolus; Be equipped with the air-flow efferent duct that a lower end is fixed on described urceolus taper bottom surface in the described resistance worm guard;
Described gasoloid concentrating and separating device comprises: a shell, the top of described shell and middle part are provided with a back up pad respectively, the back up pad of described cover top portion is provided with a top nozzle, the back up pad at described shell middle part is provided with nozzle, described top nozzle top connects described air-flow efferent duct, leave airspace between the nozzle bottom the described top nozzle and under described, form the first order accelerating jet that small-particle separates; Back up pad around the described nozzle down is provided with a circle first order small-particle exhausr port, and described shell bottom plate one side is provided with the total exhausr port of a small-particle, and described total exhaust ports is provided with a blower fan;
Described sampling thief is arranged on described shell bottom plate below, the sample gas head piece of described sampling thief is arranged on the base plate, face the described bottom of nozzle down, and and described down nozzle between leave airspace, form the second level accelerating jet that small-particle separates between described nozzle down and the described sample gas head piece.
2. a kind of high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the streamlined that the lower inner wall of described upper and lower nozzle is arranged to shrink.
3. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus, it is characterized in that: described sampling thief is one of Liquid sampler, solid sampling device and particulate analytical instrument.
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| CN2008101172349A CN101324490B (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2008-07-25 | High flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101172349A CN101324490B (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2008-07-25 | High flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus |
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| CN101324490B true CN101324490B (en) | 2010-08-04 |
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ID=40188117
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| CN2008101172349A Active CN101324490B (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2008-07-25 | High flow rate aerosol sampling apparatus |
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