CN101322904A - 一种氯气洗消剂 - Google Patents
一种氯气洗消剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101322904A CN101322904A CNA2008100231674A CN200810023167A CN101322904A CN 101322904 A CN101322904 A CN 101322904A CN A2008100231674 A CNA2008100231674 A CN A2008100231674A CN 200810023167 A CN200810023167 A CN 200810023167A CN 101322904 A CN101322904 A CN 101322904A
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- sodium
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- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960002737 fructose Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940001468 citrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WQQPDTLGLVLNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-sulfobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O WQQPDTLGLVLNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BRDJPCFGLMKJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N DDAO Chemical compound ClC1=C(O)C(Cl)=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC(=O)C=CC3=NC2=C1 BRDJPCFGLMKJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical group C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004251 Ammonium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical group [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GPSAAQWVJOVCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[K].[K].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O Chemical class [K].[K].[K].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GPSAAQWVJOVCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019286 ammonium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940059265 ammonium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RZOBLYBZQXQGFY-HSHFZTNMSA-N azanium;(2r)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].C[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RZOBLYBZQXQGFY-HSHFZTNMSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;azane;2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lactate Chemical compound [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001521 potassium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011085 potassium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001304 potassium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001415 potassium malate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011033 potassium malate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- SVICABYXKQIXBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium malate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O SVICABYXKQIXBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001393 triammonium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011046 triammonium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N norvaline betaine Chemical compound CCCC(C([O-])=O)[N+](C)(C)C HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940039748 oxalate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009390 chemical decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000680 avirulence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种氯气洗消剂，特征是由占总质量89.8～96％的有机还原剂、3～10％表面活性剂、0.1～0.5％的增稠剂聚乙烯醇和0.1～0.5％的增泡稳定剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺混合得到；所述有机还原剂选自可溶性的草酸盐、柠檬酸盐或抗坏血酸、淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐或乳酸盐；表面活性剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸钠盐、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、α－烯基磺酸钠、氟表面活性剂或乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠；洗消时使用其质量百分比浓度为0.3～10％的水溶液，采用细水雾喷头喷洒到氯气泄漏区域；本发明洗消剂利用物理稀释和化学反应相结合，阻止氯气扩散并提高反应效率，反应残余物无污染，易分解。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于氯气洗消剂技术领域，具体涉及含有机还原剂和表面活性剂的氯气洗消剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前氯气泄漏的主要处理方法有化学洗消法和物理洗消法。
现有化学洗消法通常采用大量水或添加氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙或碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠的水来吸收中和氯气。例如中国专利公开号CN1066991A提出的一种氯气泄露的洗消方法，用硫代硫酸钠、碘化钾或氨水等还原性无机盐溶于水中喷洒在染毒区域或受污染物质表面，进行反应吸收；而在2006年全国烧碱行业技术年会论文集中，陈维杰等发表的《液氯外溢事故中氯气吸收剂的选择》第211页中也提到：“在化工生产中，用于吸收氯气的产品，除了烧碱，常用的还有硫代硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、碘化钾；”烧碱能使氯气有效地转化为次氯酸盐；氯气溶于水后，与水发生反应，生成盐酸和次氯酸，并电离除H+，碱液加入后，OH-与H+中和生成H2O分子，平衡向H2O分子的方向移动，其吸收机理为：
Cl2+H2O→HClO+HCl
HClO+HCl+2NaOH→NaOCl+NaCl+2H2O
从理论上讲，只要有足够的OH-离子，氯气的吸收就可以继续进行下去。但是，由于反应生成的产物是次氯酸盐和氯化物的混合体，次氯酸盐在自然环境下会继续反应，可能造成二次污染；而使用还原性试剂如硫代硫酸钠、碘化钾等，反应结果会生成沉淀碘或酸雾：
KI+CL2＝KCL+I2
Na2S2O3+4Cl2+5H2O＝2NaCl+2H2SO4+6HCl
因而仍会造成污染。
现有物理洗消法采用吸附垫、活性炭等吸附能力强的物质，吸附回收后转移处理；对染毒空气可用水动排烟机吹散降毒，也可对染毒区暂时封闭，依靠自然条件如日晒、风吹等使毒气消失；也可用喷雾水进行稀释降毒。物理洗消法不能在本质上消除氯气对环境的影响，而且利用吸附剂的话，还要对吸附后产物进行处理，增加处理步骤，且其处理方法还有待考虑。
上述现有传统方法在氯气大量泄漏及恶劣环境条件下，都难以做到真正的无害化处置，且往往会使氯气的危害转移。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种以有机还原剂为主要成分，加有表面活性剂的氯气洗消剂，使用其水溶液，可喷射形成还原性水雾和泡沫层来覆盖包裹氯气，以减小氯气泄漏造成的环境污染，尤其是减小氯气及其残留物的氧化性污染。
本发明氯气洗消剂，其特征在于由按占洗消剂总质量89.8～96％的有机还原剂、占3～10％的表面活性剂、0.1～0.5％的增稠剂聚乙烯醇和0.1～0.5％的增泡稳定剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺混合得到；所述有机还原剂选自可溶性的草酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸、淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐或乳酸盐；所述草酸盐选自草酸钠、草酸钾或草酸铵；所述柠檬酸盐选自柠檬酸三钠及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三钾及其酸式盐或柠檬酸三铵及其酸式盐；所述酒石酸盐选自酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾或酒石酸铵；所述苹果酸盐选自苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾或苹果酸铵；所述乳酸盐选自乳酸钠、乳酸钾或乳酸铵；所述表面活性剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸钠盐(MES)、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱(CAB-30)、α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)、氟表面活性剂或乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠(AES)。
洗消使用时，将本发明的氯气洗消剂稀释成质量百分浓度为0.3～10％的水溶液，采用细水雾喷头喷洒到氯气泄漏区域。
由于本发明氯气洗消剂利用了物理稀释和化学反应相结合的物理化学复合处理技术，从而达到了氯气的无害化洗消效果。
本发明的氯气洗消剂是还原性水溶液，用其进行洗消时，在减少游离氯的同时，可把氧化性氯还原为还原态氯，反应残余物无污染，易分解。由于采用有机还原剂，该氯气洗消剂无特殊气味，无毒性。为了达到氯气的有效吸收，通常洗消作业时往往需要过量使用洗消剂，但本发明的氯气洗消剂即使残留于环境中，也易分解，不会造成污染；本发明的氯气洗消剂结合细水雾的使用，可以利用细水雾的高分散性等优点，可大大提高洗消液的比表面积，提高反应速率，从而可大大减少水的使用量；因为氯气密度比空气大，泄漏后主体会存在于地表，而表面活性剂的加入可以形成泡沫覆盖，对氯气造成包裹，形成相对稳定的反应环境，有利于阻止氯气的扩散并提高反应效率。
本发明的氯气洗消剂中除有机还原剂和表面活性剂之外的其它添加剂的添加量不能太多，否则会影响水雾的表面张力，影响雾化和成泡效果，而表面活性剂和增泡稳定剂的使用量，也是在考虑成泡稳定性的条件下设定的；所以本发明的氯气洗消剂选择使用其质量百分浓度为0.3～10％的水溶液；在此条件下，利用氯气在潮湿条件下的强氧化性，与氯气反应生成无毒或毒性低的负一价氯的化合物氯化钠或氯化氢；通过在不同氯气浓度和不同溶液浓度的模拟实验，证明了本发明的氯气洗消剂对氯气的有效吸收性，且在洗消后形成的液相产物中的残留氧化物明显减少，即有效减少了氯气泄漏的污染。本发明的氯气洗消剂中所用的添加剂本身性质温和，减小了添加剂本身对人体和环境的危害。
具体实施方式
本发明的氯气洗消剂选用有机还原剂为主要成份，按配制好的氯气洗消剂的总质量，有机还原剂占89.8～96％、表面活性剂占3～10％、0.1～0.5％的增稠剂聚乙烯醇和0.1～0.5％的增泡稳定剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺。可直接将表面活性剂添加到有机还原剂中，然后加入其它成份，采用球磨的方法混合均匀，即得到本发明的氯气洗消剂。洗消使用时再将其配制成质量百分浓度为0.3～10％的水溶液，采用细水雾喷头喷射到氯气泄漏现场，以吸收氯气和阻止氯气扩散。
实施例1：
称量96g的草酸钠，加入到含有3g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸钠盐(MES)表面活性剂的质量百分比浓度为30％的水溶液中，再加入0.5g聚乙烯醇和0.5g十二烷基二甲基氧化胺，通过球磨共混均匀，即制得氯气洗消剂。
用上述制得的氯气洗消剂，配制质量百分比浓度为0.5％的水溶液1L；模拟氯气泄漏，用高压细水雾喷头从模拟洗消室顶部喷出，检测其对氯气的洗消效果。同时作用清水洗消的对比实验。氯气采用实验室制备法制得，通入到模拟洗消室中，初始氯气浓度为21.209mg/m3。实验发现，清水模拟的那组，10分钟后气相中氯气洗消效率为0.27％；而采用添加本实施例氯气洗消剂的细水雾进行洗消，10分钟后气相洗消效率为90％。
当还原剂选用抗坏血酸、淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、草酸钾、草酸铵、柠檬酸三钠及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三钾及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三铵及其酸式盐、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸铵、苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾、苹果酸铵、乳酸钠、乳酸钾或乳酸铵；表面活性剂选用CAB-30或AOS或AES或氟表面活性剂时，10分钟后气相洗消效率均达到70％以上。
实施例2：
称量93g的草酸钠，加入到含有6.4g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸钠盐(MES)表面活性剂的质量百分比浓度为30％的水溶液中，再加入0.3g聚乙烯醇和0.3g十二烷基二甲基氧化胺，通过球磨共混均匀，即制得氯气洗消剂。
用上述制得的氯气洗消剂，配制质量百分比浓度为2％的水溶液1L；模拟氯气泄漏，用高压细水雾喷头从模拟洗消室顶部喷出，检测其对氯气的洗消效果。同时作用水洗消的对比实验。氯气采用实验室制备法制得，通入到模拟洗消室中，初始氯气浓度为15.293mg/m3。实验发现，用水模拟的那组，10分钟后气相中氯气洗消效率为0.50％；而采用添加本实施例氯气洗消剂的细水雾进行洗消，10分钟后气相洗消效率为94.61％。
当还原剂选用抗坏血酸、淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、草酸钾、草酸铵、柠檬酸三钠及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三钾及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三铵及其酸式盐、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸铵、苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾、苹果酸铵、乳酸钠、乳酸钾或乳酸铵；表面活性剂选用CAB-30或AOS或AES或氟表面活性剂时，10分钟后洗消效率均达到70％以上。
实施例3：
称量89.8g的草酸钠，加入到含有10g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸钠盐(MES)表面活性剂的质量百分比浓度为30％的水溶液中，再加入0.1g聚乙烯醇和0.1g十二烷基二甲基氧化胺，通过球磨共混均匀，即制得氯气洗消剂。
用上述制得的氯气洗消剂，配制质量百分比浓度为8％的水溶液1L，模拟氯气泄漏，用高压细水雾喷头从模拟洗消室顶部喷出，检测其对氯气的洗消效果。同时作水的对比实验。氯气采用实验室制备法制得，通入到模拟洗消室中，初始氯气浓度为22.001mg/m3，实验结果发现发现，清水模拟的那组，10分钟后气相中氯气洗消效率为0.33％，添加本洗消剂的细水雾，10分钟后气相洗消效率为99.17％。
当还原剂选用抗坏血酸、淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、草酸钾、草酸铵、柠檬酸三钠及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三钾及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三铵及其酸式盐、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸铵、苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾、苹果酸铵；乳酸钠、乳酸钾或乳酸铵；表面活性剂选用CAB-30或AOS或AES或氟表面活性剂时，10分钟后洗消效率均达到70％以上。
Claims (2)
1、一种氯气洗消剂，其特征在于由按占洗消剂总质量89.8～96％的有机还原剂、占3～10％的表面活性剂、0.1～0.5％的增稠剂聚乙烯醇和0.1～0.5％的增泡稳定剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺混合得到；所述有机还原剂选自可溶性的草酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸、淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐或乳酸盐；所述草酸盐选自草酸钠、草酸钾或草酸铵；所述柠檬酸盐选自柠檬酸三钠及其酸式盐、柠檬酸三钾及其酸式盐或柠檬酸三铵及其酸式盐；所述酒石酸盐选自酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾或酒石酸铵；所述苹果酸盐选自苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾或苹果酸铵；所述乳酸盐选自乳酸钠、乳酸钾或乳酸铵；所述表面活性剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸钠盐、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、α-烯基磺酸钠、氟表面活性剂或乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠。
2、如权利要求1所述的氯气洗消剂，特征在于洗消使用时，将其稀释成质量百分浓度为0.3～10％的水溶液，采用细水雾喷头喷洒到氯气泄漏区域。
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| CN104488855A (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | 一种保护植物叶片免受盐雾伤害的生理调节剂及方法 |
| WO2017137417A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Etex Building Performance International Sas | Plaster composition |
| CN107049815A (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-08-18 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | 一种绿色环保人员洗消剂及其制备方法 |
| CN109704281A (zh) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-03 | 太原理工大学 | 一种利用有机还原剂去除盐酸中游离氯的方法 |
| CN114534159A (zh) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-27 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | 处理低温燃烧剂液体原料泄漏的处置剂及制备和应用方法 |
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| US6709485B1 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-03-23 | Olin Corporation | Process of removing carbon dioxide from a chlor/alkali plant tail gas stream |
| JP2006102735A (ja) * | 2004-09-08 | 2006-04-20 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 排ガスの無害化方法及びこれに用いる設備 |
| DE102006023939A1 (de) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Absorption von Chlor aus einem Chlor- und Kohlendioxid-enthaltenden Gas |
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| CN104488855A (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | 一种保护植物叶片免受盐雾伤害的生理调节剂及方法 |
| WO2017137417A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Etex Building Performance International Sas | Plaster composition |
| CN107049815A (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-08-18 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | 一种绿色环保人员洗消剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107049815B (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2020-07-14 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | 一种绿色环保人员洗消剂及其制备方法 |
| CN109704281A (zh) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-03 | 太原理工大学 | 一种利用有机还原剂去除盐酸中游离氯的方法 |
| CN114534159A (zh) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-27 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | 处理低温燃烧剂液体原料泄漏的处置剂及制备和应用方法 |
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