CN101319465A - Method for producing bamboo fabric composite engineering material and product - Google Patents
Method for producing bamboo fabric composite engineering material and product Download PDFInfo
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- CN101319465A CN101319465A CNA2007101104050A CN200710110405A CN101319465A CN 101319465 A CN101319465 A CN 101319465A CN A2007101104050 A CNA2007101104050 A CN A2007101104050A CN 200710110405 A CN200710110405 A CN 200710110405A CN 101319465 A CN101319465 A CN 101319465A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber reinforced polymer or inorganic matrix bamboo fiber compound engineering material, as well as a production method for products. The method comprises the following steps that: a bamboo fiber rod, glass fiber and other polymers or inorganic matter reinforcing fiber are woven into a bamboo-glass cloth; then a glass fiber cloth, yarns, felt, etc. are added to and matched with the bamboo-glass cloth as ply accumulated materials according to needs, and then are compounded and molded together with the polymers or inorganic matter base materials. Different molding processes are chosen according to the molding characteristics of the polymers or inorganic matter, and then glass fiber and other reinforced polymers or inorganic matter matrix bamboo composite plates, pipes, cans, bins, boxes, grooves, ships, sectional materials, door-window sectional materials, tiles, wagon boxes, containers, decorative sheets, furniture, deck plates, aerogenerator blades, other special-shaped bodies and a large number of products can be produced, which finds a good method for the extensive engineering application of the bamboo fiber.
Description
The present invention relates to a bamboo fiber bar (bamboo strip or bamboo chip etc.) and glass fibre etc. and cooperate fabrics such as making the bamboo glass then to produce the process that glass fibre etc. strengthens polymer or inorganic matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering material and goods, belong to the fiber hybrid composite manufacturing technique method with it.
The bamboo wood compact structure, resistance to compression, tension, anti-wear performance are good, and its corrosion resistance more is better than other strings such as timber, but since bamboo bar hollow, diameter little, become the plate poor performance, isolating property is big etc., and multiple reason is restricted in the use.Mainly contain now with the bamboo strip curtain and make the bamboo offset plate, products such as fiberglass bamboo core composite plate, they generally are by several layers of identical or different surface plate and central layer or core curtain process is laminated, lamination etc. process.For example: 1, " a kind of is the composite board " (patent No.: 95234591.9) of core with the bamboo clappers sheet, which floor or the tens layers bamboo clappers that stacks togather compiled sheet material or bamboo chip core and made through glueing joint outside piece of surface covering glass steel top layer again, equals to cover the fiberglass top layer in shop, the bamboo offset plate outside.2, (patent No.: 98210768.4) it is to cover resin with bamboo curtain splint (bamboo bar) and glass fibre place Min layers to fill laminated forming " a kind of fiberglass bamboo core composite plate ".Because bamboo curtain splint is through (line) Xiang Yuwei (bamboo bar) mechanical property difference, mechanical index such as broadwise tensile strength are higher than warp-wise, therefore, what allow bamboo bar direction and plate in use is subjected to force direction identical, when plate be subjected to the force direction size greater than bamboo curtain splint width (bamboo bar length) time, same shop layer bamboo curtain splint must dock one or many, seam crossing bamboo bar intensity is zero, seam all must stagger between each shop layer, and the shop layer operation is very inconvenient.Bamboo curtain splint interlayer and outermost layer must add glass fabric, add the splicing that forms frp layer and bamboo curtain splint layer behind the resin solidification.This plate only is suitable for sticking with paste moulding, and it is continuously shaped to be not suitable for various device.The bamboo curtain splint seam crossing is prone to phenomenons such as fracture, layering under strong external force effect, and the scope of application is restricted.
Purpose of the present invention utilizes the bamboo fiber amount of contraction little exactly, and elasticity and toughness are all high, and tensile strength parallel to grain is about 1800kg/cm
2, parallel-to-grain compressive strength is about 800kg/cm
2Deng premium properties, compare with other each fibrids such as glass fibres cheap, the advantage that aboundresources is easy to get.By being connected into the endless bamboo, finite length thin bamboo strips used for weaving bar or bamboo chip weave the well-thought-out plan glass cloth through bar and glass fibers latitude etc., this has eliminated the deficiency of the big defective of isolating property of bamboo fiber and weak point, little not easy-formation, realized two types of fibers, the complementary intensity of the above direction of bidimensional, and make the bamboo glass cloth that new characteristic arranged, bamboo can only be turned back to certain radius through the bar direction, decides through the bar thin and thick according to bamboo.Suitable bamboo can fold arbitrarily through the bar direction curls, and along the bamboo bar extraordinary linear processability is arranged.Compared extraordinary shop layer characteristic with glass fabric, yarn, band, felt etc.Simultaneously, glass fibre etc. have extraordinary intermiscibility with polymer or inorganic adhesive matrix, and bamboo can be blocked the miscible of most of bamboo glass cloth both sides matrix again through bar, for the step-by-step construction of both sides matrix lays the foundation.Like this bamboo glass cloth is cooperated with cloth, yarn, felts etc. such as other glasses and make two-phase or heterogeneous reinforcing material; make the matrix phase with polymer (thermosetting, thermoplastic resin), can select one or more do single-phase or heterogeneous matrix (inner liner or nexine, structure sheaf, protection or top layer) outward adopt with this mutually the moulding process or the composing type explained hereafter that adapt of matrix go out corresponding glass fiber reinforced polymer or inorganic matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering material and goods.Select for use not of the same race or multiple polymers to cooperate to produce different inside and outsides matrix characteristics and characteristic that varied bamboo fiber composite that can satisfy different instructions for uses of inner bamboo fiber material property is arranged again.This manufacturing technique method can directly be produced the bamboo fiber composite product of different shape complexity.Glass fibres etc. are strapped in glass tightly to the bamboo fiber bar to be strengthened among the polymeric matrix, and promptly glass is pulled in the wild phase in the composite together mutually tightly with matrix, makes that its overall performance is very good to satisfy various engineerings use needs.
The present invention produces glass according to following forming technique process program design and strengthens polymer-matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering material and goods.Consisting essentially of following two goes on foot greatly:
One, bamboo glass fabric production: the various limit for length of the having bamboo bamboo fiber bars of same specification cross section through butt joint, finger, play splicing such as groove overlap joint or mechanical attachment becomes endless bamboo fiber bar or customized cut-off.Again polymer fortifying fibre longitudes and latitudes such as bamboo fiber bar and glass fibre are cooperated and weave or non-wovenly become bamboo glass fabric bamboo glass cloth, bamboo glass fabric includes knitted fabric, machine (friendship) fabric, knits braided fabric, braided fabric, nonwovens such as stitch bonded fabrics and other bamboo glass etc.According to the direction of bamboo fiber bar in bamboo glass fabric Weft bamboo glass fabric and warp-wise bamboo glass cloth are arranged, warp-wise bamboo glass cloth is called for short the bamboo glass cloth.This cloth both can have been weaved also available all kinds of looms by hand and weave.This cloth can be cut into bamboo glass cloth curtain or bamboo glass cloth band by instructions for use length.
1, knitting bamboo glass cloth be with one group of marshalling through, broadwise bamboo fiber bar is corresponding that the knitting mode of usefulness such as glass fiber yarn is knitted the bamboo bar in the inserting needle fabric by the slit lopping of bamboo bar both sides, relative employing with this is weft-knitted, just be knitted into corresponding warp-wise, Weft bamboo glass fabric through volume.Adopt the hoop weft knitting just to weave the tubulose bamboo glass fabric, this fabric is particularly suitable for compound hollow material.
2, to knit the bamboo glass cloth be corresponding through bar through paper money or bamboo with one group of glass of marshalling to machine (friendship), wear latitude with bamboo bar or glass yarn two groups of fibers are perpendicular to one another, or the bamboo glass fabric, Weft bamboo glass fabric or the warp-wise bamboo glass cloth that are interwoven with specific angle.
3, the braiding bamboo glass fabric is serve as with on the one hand with one group of bamboo bar, another group glass fiber yarn and the suitable angle of its skew, mutual then weave in formation bamboo glass braided fabric.Pipe-type woven cooperates with moulding process can produce various Hollow Compound section bars.
4, loop bonding bamboo glass cloth is to cooperate through bar or one group of bamboo latitude bar and one or more groups glass weft yarn or glass warp thread or one or more groups glass yarn of adding glass felt, other direction in addition with one group of bamboo to make the small pieces of cloth used for patches body of material, with organic fiber line or glass yarn they is stitched into warp-wise bamboo glass cloth or Weft bamboo glass fabric.
5, Woven bamboo-glass fiber is that woven and knitting method is combined, and is made into the taeniae bamboo glass fabric that woven fabric and knitted fabric mix.This fabric is to be formed through two groups of fibers such as bar and glass yarns by bamboo, bamboo through bar and glass weft yarn respectively from two beams of a loom unwinding come out.Form bar by many bamboos through bar one and be distributed on the loom, be still and pass special harness eye and control by shedding mechanism.Each group is got rid of pin in bar, the glass weft yarn penetrates in the hole of entrying of getting rid of on the pin.Introduce glass weft yarn in this by the pin that gets rid of of each group in bar after shed open is open, the glass weft yarn is that double joint is introduced.Two groups have a latch needles between bar, seesawing of latch needles knitted two groups of glass filling spaces between bar in the tissue of formation such as knitted fabric.Bamboo glass nonwoven be meant one group of bamboo fiber bar with weak point chopping acupunctures such as glass fibres, become that felt etc. is non-woven to be processed into non-woven bamboo glass cloth.
Two, the bamboo fiber composite material forming: the moulding of bamboo composite material is the shop layer composite molding technique characteristics based on the bamboo glass cloth, with polymer or inorganic matter matrix material moulding process is foundation, select glass cloth as required for use, yarn, reinforcing materials such as felt cooperate, the glass of selecting for use different moulding process routes just can produce the different shape that satisfies different instructions for uses and purposes according to the instructions for use of bamboo composite material goods strengthens polymer-matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering material and goods, bamboo fiber content reaches as high as more than 80%, makes the production technology that reinforcing material is fit to all can do with bamboo glass fabric the polymer or the inorganic matter based composites of reinforcing material with the bamboo glass cloth.
1, low pressure contact moudling
Molding process with low pressure contact moudling explained hereafter bamboo fiber composite and goods is; earlier bamboo glass cloth curtain is given and make the mould design shape; then it is laid in template, former, formpiston or on the mould; apply lower pressure then or do not pressurize; make the resin impregnated reinforcing material; by heating or normal temperature cure, obtain the design shape goods or give the system structural core through secondary process again after the demoulding again.This class moulding process contains hand pasting forming, injection molding, flexible bag moulding, unit or the layer dynamic model sprayed resin moulding of multidigit machinery shop, resin transfer molding, sandwich, autoclave molding, thermal expansion molded (low pressure molding) and second pouring moulding or the like.Adopt above-mentioned one or more moulding process to cooperate and to produce various hulls, the train visitor, goods, the insulated boxcar casing, truck body, insulated boxcar and truck board, washing trough, various decorative panels, furniture-plates, the floor, deck plates etc. give system structure central layer, various floors, deck plate central layers etc. become top layer matrix goods such as artificial marble, furniture through second pouring, the assembled bunker, jar, case and specifications of container sheet material material, whole container and insulated container, ammunition and bridge of boats casing, various bridges and bridge member, laminated heat-preserving casing and house wall, various watts or the like many based articles.
2, compression molding
With die press technology for forming is that bamboo glass fabric is cut into required form; Put into gold layer mould behind the pre-soaked resin through heating and pressurizing moulding bamboo matter fiberglass (thermosetting, thermoplastic) based articles.Can produce various sheet materials, the furniture table-board plate, channel member cooperates the moldable various section bars etc. that go out with core.
3, laminated into type
With technology laminated into type is with dipping glue bamboo glass cloth, joins and changes into slab according to the compacting thickness requirement, place among the metal die (plate) of two polishings (), be placed on the hot press, to heating between the two-layer mould, pressurization, through hot-press solidifying, cooling and demolding then.It is mainly used in makes all size glass fiber reinforced polymer base bamboo fiber composite plate.Its density will be higher than the sheet material with the low pressure molding explained hereafter.
4, pipe, jug forming
To shop layer making polymer-matrix bamboo fiber multiple tube, tank body many kinds of molding modes are arranged with bamboo glass cloth band, can also can use the machinery moulding by hand pasting forming.Make suitable hand such as all kinds of normal pressures, mesolow basin, transfer cask, retort and stick with paste with equipment and use moulding, paste with hand and make all kinds of horizontal pot body closing ends, vertical tank body loam cake is gone to the bottom, the various tank body tubes of equipment moulding.Make various cooling towers and be suitable for hand pasting forming.The main moulding process of various pipes, jar tube has pipe crimping moulding, Wrapping formed, continuous-winding forming, ring to put moulding etc.The pipe crimping moulding process is preimpregnation or existing impregnation bamboo glass cloth band hot rolling on rolling machine, by the hot-rolling on the rolling machine that rubberized tape is softening, make resin (thermosetting, the thermoplastic) fusion on the rubberized tape, under certain forceful action, roller is in operation process, be rolled onto rubberized tape on the core pipe according to certain rules continuously by the friction between roller and the core, roll through multilayer like this and reach desired thickness, then through cold roller cooling and shaping, take off from rolling machine, thermoplasticity continues cooling curing depoling mould, and the thermosetting pipe crimping is sent into curing oven and solidified the depoling mould.Last deburring verifies as production tube.Winding shaping process is to draw at control bamboo glass cloth band, under the situation of pressure, according to the continuous impregnating resin glue of certain rules, be wrapped in continuously on the core or liner corresponding to the goods inner cavity size, makes it curing molding then under room temperature or heating condition.Continuous pipe twining is with preimpregnation or existing resin pickup bamboo glass cloth band, is wrapped on the core by the rule of design, through outer, internal heating curing moulding or cooling forming (thermoplasticity), under the steel band on the core promotes, continuously push ahead the demoulding, customized cut-off behind regelate again.The bamboo glass cloth has good resilience and stretches characteristic, therefore, be adapted in the rotational circle die cavity by rule add resin extender etc. and apply push away, pressure rings is put the shop layer, under room temperature, heating or cooling condition, being solidified into then outside warp manage accordingly with die cavity, the jar structure cylindrical shell.This moulding process matches with centrifugal forming again can produce heterogeneous basal body pipe, tank body easily.To the shop during formable layer, can adopt dry method, wet method and three kinds of moulding process of semidry method according to bamboo glass cloth band by the physical and chemical state of selected resin matrix.Bamboo fiber pipe, jar structure body match just can satisfy with corresponding inner liner and external protection and carry and storage water, oil, gas, various liquid etc., adapt to many application scenarios needs, also can be used for making the submarine cylindrical shell.Its heat resistance is higher than corresponding pure glass and strengthens polymer-matrix multiple tube, jar.
5, pultrusion
With pultrusion molding process is that bamboo glass cloth band is carried out resin impregnation (molten thermoplastic resin) then by keeping the formation mould of certain cross sectional shape, and make it in mould behind the curing molding, under the tractive force effect, endless bamboo fiber section bar or core are produced in depanning continuously, core is produced heterogeneous matrix section bar through applying outer single-phase or heterogeneous matrix material once more or repeatedly, presses Len req at last and cuts off.It is mainly used in and produces various rods, plate (truck board, furniture-plates, decorative panel or the like), pipe, solid profile (I-shaped, flute profile, square, T shape, H shape, C type, special-shaped section bar etc.) and hollow profile (door-window section bar, roof truss section bar, blade, water tank section bar etc.) etc.Be used for the inner core filler as drawing and extruding section bar such as dry graininess foaming clay, expanded perlite, foam, adopting continuous bamboo glass cloth band etc. to make down flute profile strengthens at the bottom of the semihard envelope, mixed glue light granules filler utilization is extruded power and is extruded into down in the groove, the upper strata bamboo glass cloth that closes is with cover, under the tractive force effect, through the encapsulating mold pre-setting, inject resin in the formation mould internal pressure then, make bamboo glass cloth big envelope and filler impregnation again through being heated and cured into goods, last fixed length cutting becomes the drawing and extruding section bar that the filler core is arranged.
6, continuous plate
With continuous plate technology is dipping thermosetting of single or multiple lift bamboo glass cloth or thermoplastic (fusion) resin; can add decoration, protective layer on demand; soak thermosetting resin bamboo glass cloth upper and lower surface lay polyester film; compound by pair roller or multiple roll pressurization exhaust; entering heating of solidifying and setting chamber or air-cooled solidifying and setting is all kinds of sheet materials or central layer; the rolling that polyester film arranged is usefulness again, and central layer just can be produced out-phase matrix composite board through the compound or cold subsides of heat again, at last customized cut-off as required.Indoorly add laterally, vertically press wave apparatus just can produce various band circular arc ripples in typing, continuous special-shaped ripple, discontinuous special-shaped ripple laterally, vertically plate, watt etc., with horizontal, vertical corresponding Weft bamboo glass fabric that is to use, warp-wise bamboo glass cloth brings realization.It can produce various bamboo fiber compound slabs (furniture-plates, decorative panel, engineering with plate etc.), sketch plate, corrugated plating etc., various glass fiber reinforced polymer base bamboo fibers watt (rift grain, band, thermosetting, thermoplasticity), central layer, central layer are two-phase matrix composite plate through the multiple layer of other technologies such as hot extrude again.
7, thermoplastic composite moulding
The moulding process of making the thermoplastic composite of reinforcing material with the bamboo glass cloth mainly contains the compression molding of bamboo glass cloth prepreg, the punch forming of sheet bamboo matter moulding compound, the vacuum forming of sheet bamboo matter moulding compound, Wrapping formed, the pultrusion of preimpregnation (now soaking) bamboo glass cloth band, continuous plate moulding, centrifugal forming and extrusion molding etc.Bamboo glass cloth band makes bamboo-glass fiber soak into plastics and gets rid of bubble through solvent impregnated or melt impregnation or superimposed again through heating and pressurizing with plastic sheet continuously, and cooling shaping length as required cuts into preimpregnation bamboo matter sheet material or rolls into preimpregnation bamboo matter coiled material.Can obtain melt resin with the molten bath fusing.Preimpregnation bamboo matter sheet material is shaped to various thermoplastic resin group's bamboo fiber composite products through mold pressing, punching press or heating in vacuum.As assembled water tank plate, furniture-plates, decorative panel etc.The winding shaping process principle of thermoplasticity bamboo composite material and wrapping machine equipment are the same with thermoset frp base bamboo composite material, different is thermoplasticity bamboo composite material winding product, need increase preimpregnation (now soaking) bamboo glass cloth band preheating (molten resin) device and heating and pressurizing roller on wrapping machine.When Wrapping formed, earlier preimpregnation (now soaking) bamboo glass cloth band is heated to softening point, the contact point with core heats again, and by the backer roll pressurization, makes it be fused into an integral body.Thermoplastic composite bamboo material pultrusion molding process is similar substantially to thermoset frp base bamboo composite material.The pre-soaked resin or the existing resin pickup of different is bamboo glass cloth band all should be heated to be molten condition before going into mould, resin impregnated bamboo-glass fiber extrusion modling in mould, depanning, through cooling and shaping, the traction become goods with customized cut-off, this technology can pultrusion go out various cross sections bamboo matter section bar.Major product has all size Furniture panel, dalle, door-window section bar, hollow section, solid profile etc.Thermoplasticity continuous plate technology is that the continuous bamboo glass cloth of single or multiple lift band is passed through the molten bath.Extrude melting charge with extruder and cooperate impregnating resin or add the thin sheet material of moulding, be rolled into dull and stereotyped or various watts and sketch plate through pressure roller or heating pressure roller.Cooperate with many extruders with multilayer bamboo glass cloth band can to continuously produce, can produce longitudinal and transverse waveform bamboo matter Plastic steel tile, multiple sheet materials such as various furniture-plates, storehouse plate above 2m wide plate material.It is compound that the thermoplasticity centrifugal casting is used for various bamboo matter pipe jar inner liners, to increase antiseptic property.
8, bamboo matter inorganic composite materials moulding
The moulding of bamboo matter inorganic composite materials is to make shop lamination material with the bamboo glass cloth to add compound many class bamboo fiber inorganic matrix composite engineering materials and the goods produced of adhesive such as other reinforcing material such as glass cloth, yarn and gypsum, cement, chlorine oxygen magnesium as required.The moulding process of bamboo matter inorganic composite materials and goods and bamboo matter thermosetting resin base composite material process planning are basic identical; only need according to gypsum; cement; adhesive curing characteristics such as chlorine oxygen magnesium are adjusted some technological parameters; just can produce same a kind of bamboo matter goods of the inorganic matter matrix identical with polymeric matrix, these technologies mainly contain hand pasting forming; compression molding; continuous plate; pultrusion; sandwich; pipe jug forming etc. particularly the inorganic matrix structure sheaf with the inner liner of organic matrix with protect the heterogeneous matrix composite product of decorative layer can satisfy many applications outward.Main goods have assembled storehouse, water tank, railway carriage, container plate, furniture, decoration, deck plate, the inorganic glass line of bamboo matter watt, pipe, jar, cooling tower, the insulation sandwich plate, insulation interlayer roofing tile, interlayer ash wall body plate, assembled villa and movable house, various trough-shaped body etc.
The production method that bamboo-glass fiber of the present invention mixes composite engineering material and goods solved effectively with glass fibre do carrier speed give birth to short and small bamboo fiber be combined into large-scale ships and light boats, various basin, retort, bunker, cooling tower, water tank, washing trough, tubing, various railway carriage, container, solid or hollow profile, sheet material, decorative panel, furniture, watt or the like the difficult problem of many series products.By improving and adjust various fiber-reinforced polymers or composite material of inorganic matter production equipment and technology, many series products just can realize partly or entirely that mechanization produces in a large number, and bamboo matter engineering material is to adopt assorted fibre to strengthen to accomplish mutual supplement with each other's advantages.Therefore, strengthening organic matrix performance of composites and hot pressing fabrication technique with traditional various bamboo fibres, to compare composite molding technique more, and simple and convenient, and product category is more, and various mechanical properties are better.This mainly is because the bamboo fibre lamination of various bamboo fiber composite materials is to be glued together by thermosetting and thermoplastic resin matrix, and the bamboo glass cloth lamination of bamboo matter engineering material is the bamboo fiber bar to be tightened together good integrity by fiberglass and thermoplastic fiberglass matrix.Bamboo fiber content surpasses 65%, and some is more than 80%.Thermosetting bamboo matter engineering material goods are compared resistance to elevated temperatures with corresponding glass fiber reinforced plastics product, ageing-resistant performance is improved, proportion descends, moulding process is easy, mechanical property guarantees instructions for use, cost reduces many, the matrix resin of thermoplasticity bamboo matter engineering material goods and bamboo fiber are compound to be to make intermediate by glass fibre the bamboo fiber bar is held together, and this has eliminated thermoplastic matrix and bamboo fibre compound interface bonding is bad, the disadvantage that performance is lower.Comparing with the thermoplastic matrix material product has increased shock resistance.Resistance to low temperature, ageing resistace, creep resistance, intensity etc. have reduced cost simultaneously widely.The invention of this production method is to make full use of the bamboo timber resource that China's output ranks first in the world to have found a new road, the bamboo fabric composite engineering material and the goods of one class high-quality, cheapness are provided for society, this will significantly reduce the consumption of timber, polymer and composite thereof, aluminium section bar or the like material, the phenomenon that this can alleviate China's timber, petroleum resources shortage has good development prospect and application space.
The production method embodiment of bamboo fiber integration engineering of the present invention and goods:
Embodiment one, and broadwise machine (friendship) is knitted the bamboo glass cloth
The warp of traditional bamboo curtain splint loom is changed into the glass fiber warps that satisfies the fabric tissue density requirements, and the bamboo latitude bar that is cut into same length with same specification bamboo strip or bamboo chip or short thin bamboo strips used for weaving bar spreading beats up and is woven into the woven bamboo glass cloth of broadwise.Cut off with length as required during use.
Embodiment two, the bamboo fiber composite plate
At first on mould or template, spread out and put on or spray one deck resin; layer of glass fiber fabric is covered in the shop; spread out and put on or spray one deck resin again; one deck bamboo glass cloth identical with the plate gauge lattice covered in the shop; spread out and put on again or spray one deck resin, repave cover one deck bamboo glass cloth one deck resin like this circulation till desired thickness, cover mould at last or do not cover; be pressurised into laminated board, be not pressurised into laminate.In the layer of shop, can add glass cloth, Weft bamboo glass fabric etc. to increase the resistance to compression of plate width direction, flexural capacity.Same specification lamination or laminate can be realized mechanization production.This class plate is applicable to assembling bunker, jar, case and container etc.Also be applicable to be industries such as the furniture sheet material of supplying raw materials, also can produce polymorphic structure and laminated heat-preserving structural glass base steel bamboo matter complexs such as irregular hull but adopt hand to stick with paste laminating method production specification plate.
Embodiment three, productions such as glass base steel bamboo trunk, tank body and warehouse
Bamboo glass cloth band cooperates goods such as Wrapping formed system glass base steel bamboo trunk, tank body with glass strap, yarn etc., be at first prefabricated or wind inner liner on core; Then use bamboo glass cloth band impregnating resin winding arrangement layer to desired thickness, adjacent layer can be same rotation direction, revolves about preferably alternately to twine, and interlayer can add glass strap, yarn winding layer.Be need not or to use the glass strap at last, yarn etc. twine the outermost protective layer.Available bamboo glass cloth band adds resin elder generation winding arrangement layer, then adds the various matrix material compound lining layers and the external protection that are fit to requirement again.Be that each layer can arbitrarily be adjusted by the process characteristic of actual product, this point is being made basin, and jar based article such as retort is excellent to be important.
Embodiment four: the production of bamboo fiber section bar.
Bamboo glass cloth band cooperates with glass cloth, yarn, felt etc. and adopts pultrusion, technologies such as continuous plate can produce the bamboo core pattern material that the glass of different shape etc. strengthens single-phase or heterogeneous (multiplex's pulling shaping) polymer-matrix bamboo matter section bar or prepares for follow-up moulding process.Mainly contain following a few class: (1) engineering bamboo profile, the linear special-shaped material of I-beam, T type, groove, angle type, circle, square tube or the like.Based on the single-phase matrix of high-strength thermosetting resin.(2) produce family wear plaque, Furniture panel, based on thermosetting, mould the two-phase matrix.The single-phase matrix Furniture panel of thermoplastic has good processability, and the appearance effect that the bamboo glass cloth strengthens effect and thermoplastic matrix can satisfy the performance requirement of whole furniture to sheet material.(3) with combination process bamboo core pattern material is cooperated the various table tops of making double-basis body or many matrixes through injection, casting, mold pressing, pultrusion again, lamination or the like, furniture, decorative panel with polymer base material, floorboard etc., but with various sandwich material fit productions house, roofing thermal-insulating board, thermal car casing etc.(4) produce the door and window section bar.(5) intensity and the weatherability aspect of aspect watt section bar, particularly plastic base bamboo wood aspect watt are higher than present plastics roofing tile.
Claims (10)
1, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material and goods is characterized in that: various same specification cross sections are had limit for length's thin bamboo strips used for weaving bar or bamboo chip by adopting butt joint, playing various connections splicing such as groove overlap joint, finger or mechanical attachment becomes endless bamboo fiber bar; Various polymer fortifying fibre longitudes and latitudes such as bamboo fiber bar and glass fiber yarn are cooperated be woven into bamboo glass fabric or non-wovenly be bamboo glass structure i.e. " bamboo glass cloth "; Weaving bamboo glass fabric includes: machine (friendship) fabric, knitted fabric, knit structures such as braided fabric, braided fabric, stitch bonded fabrics and other bamboo glass etc.; The bamboo glass cloth is divided into Weft bamboo glass fabric according to bamboo fiber bar direction, warp-wise bamboo glass cloth, and warp-wise bamboo glass cloth is called for short the bamboo glass cloth; The bamboo glass cloth both can have been weaved also available all kinds of looms by hand and weave; The bamboo glass cloth is cut into bamboo glass cloth curtain or bamboo glass cloth band by instructions for use length; Do buildup with the bamboo glass cloth, as required with adding glass cloth, yarn, felt etc. as two-phase or heterogeneous reinforcing material, make matrix material with polymer (thermosetting, thermoplastic resin), select one or more resins to make single-phase or heterogeneous matrix (liner or nexine, structure sheaf, protection or top layer) outward structure as required, adopt the moulding process or the composing type technology that adapt with this phase matrix just can produce all kinds of glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering materials and the goods that satisfy different serviceabilities requirements and shape accordingly; With the bamboo glass cloth is shop lamination material, adds cooperations such as glass cloth, yarn, felt as required, makes adhesive with gypsum, cement, chlorine oxygen magnesium etc. and can be combined into various inorganic matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering materials and goods; Select the proper molding route just can produce many classes inorganic and organic two-phase matrix bamboo fabric composite engineering material and goods according to gypsum, cement, chlorine oxygen magnesium etc. and polymeric matrix moulding process characteristics; Promptly make shop layer composite, adopt all suitable bamboo glass fabrics to make the polymer-matrix of reinforcing material or the moulding technique of inorganic matrix composite, can produce many class bamboo fiber composite products with the bamboo glass cloth; These moulding process consist predominantly of: low pressure contact moudling, compression molding, laminated into type, pipe, jug forming, pultrusion, continuous plate, thermoplastic composite moulding, the moulding of bamboo matter inorganic composite materials etc.
2, bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods, it is characterized in that: the knitting bamboo glass fabric of bamboo glass fabric is corresponding with one group of warp, the broadwise bamboo fiber bar of marshalling, the mode that usefulness such as glass fiber yarn are knitting is knitted the bamboo bar in the inserting needle fabric by the slit lopping of bamboo fiber bar both sides, adopt weft knitting with it relatively, just be knitted into corresponding warp-wise, Weft bamboo glass fabric through compiling.Just weave the tubulose bamboo glass fabric with the hoop weft knitting, this weaving mode just cooperates with moulding process can produce hollow material; It is corresponding with the one group of glass warp thread or the bamboo fiber bar of marshalling that machine (friendship) is knitted bamboo glass fabric, wear latitude with bamboo latitude bar or glass yarn the two-phase fiber is perpendicular to one another, or with specific angle be interwoven Weft bamboo glass fabric or warp-wise bamboo glass cloth; Knitting and compiling bamboo glass fabric is to be distributed on the loom through bar one with many bamboos with forming bar, and bamboo passes specific harness eye through bar and controlled by shedding mechanism.Each group is got rid of pin in bar, the glass weft yarn penetrates in the hole of entrying of getting rid of on the pin.Introduce glass weft yarn in this by the pin that gets rid of of each group in bar after shed open is open, the glass weft yarn is that double joint is introduced.Two groups have a latch needles between bar, seesawing of latch needles knitted formation to two groups of glass filling spaces between bar, as the tissue of knitted fabric.This fabric is Woven bamboo-glass fiber.On the loom on demand width part group is replaced single latch needles with pair latch needles between bar, just can on same loom, weave many independently Woven bamboo-glass fiber bands; The braiding bamboo glass fabric is to be same direction with one group of bamboo fiber bar, another group glass fiber yarn and the suitable angle of its skew, weave in formation bamboo glass braided fabric mutually then.Pipe-type woven cooperates with moulding process can produce various Hollow Compound section bars; The loop bonding bamboo glass fabric is through bar or one group of bamboo latitude bar and one or more groups glass weft yarn or glass warp thread or add the glass felt in addition with one group of bamboo, one or more groups glass yarn of other direction cooperates makes the small pieces of cloth used for patches body of material, with organic fiber yarn or glass yarn they is stitched into warp-wise bamboo glass cloth and Weft bamboo glass fabric; Structures such as other bamboo glass are meant one group of bamboo fiber bar and various polymer fortifying fibres such as glass fibre or staple fiber, use into the mode of felt or mode or other many modes of acupuncture and make non-weaving cloth; The polymer fortifying fibre be meant also can be compound with polymer carbon fiber, aramid fiber, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, each fibrid of mineral fibres, string or the like.
3, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods; it is characterized in that: low pressure contact moudling technical process is; earlier bamboo glass cloth curtain is given and make the mould design shape; then it is added that resin is laid in template, former, formpiston or on the mould; apply lower pressure then or do not pressurize; make the resin impregnated reinforcing material,, obtain the design shape goods or give the system structural core through secondary process again after the demoulding again by heating or normal temperature cure.This class moulding process contains hand pasting forming, injection molding, flexible bag moulding, unit or the layer dynamic model sprayed resin moulding of multidigit machinery shop, resin transfer molding, sandwich, autoclave molding, thermal expansion molded (low pressure molding) and second pouring moulding or the like.Adopt above-mentioned one or more moulding process to cooperate and to produce various hulls, the train visitor, goods, the insulated boxcar casing, truck body, insulated boxcar and truck board, washing trough, various decorative panels, furniture-plates, the floor, deck plates etc. give system structure central layer, various floors, deck plate central layers etc. become top layer matrix goods such as artificial marble, furniture through second pouring, the assembled bunker, jar, case and specifications of container sheet material material, whole container and insulated container, ammunition and bridge of boats casing, various bridges and bridge member, laminated heat-preserving casing and house wall, various watts or the like many based articles.
4, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods is characterized in that: die press technology for forming is that bamboo glass fabric is cut into required form; Put into gold layer mould behind the pre-soaked resin through heating and pressurizing moulding bamboo matter fiberglass (thermosetting, thermoplastic) based articles.Can produce various sheet materials, the furniture table-board plate, channel member cooperates the moldable various section bars etc. that go out with core.
5, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods, it is characterized in that: technology laminated into type is with dipping glue bamboo glass cloth, join and change into slab according to the compacting thickness requirement, place among the metal die (plate) of two polishings (), be placed on the hot press, to heating between the two-layer mould, pressurization, through hot-press solidifying, cooling and demolding then.It is mainly used in makes all size glass fiber reinforced polymer base bamboo fiber composite plate etc.Its density will be higher than the sheet material with the low pressure molding explained hereafter.
6, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods, it is characterized in that: bamboo glass cloth band has many kinds of molding modes to shop layer making polymer-matrix bamboo fiber multiple tube, tank body, can also can use the machinery moulding by hand pasting forming.Make suitable hand such as all kinds of normal pressures, mesolow basin, transfer cask, retort and stick with paste with equipment and use moulding, paste with hand and make all kinds of horizontal pot body closing ends, vertical tank body loam cake is gone to the bottom, the various tank body tubes of equipment moulding.Make various cooling towers and be suitable for hand pasting forming.The main moulding process of various pipe jar tubes has pipe crimping moulding, Wrapping formed, continuous-winding forming, ring to put moulding etc.The pipe crimping moulding process is preimpregnation or existing impregnation bamboo glass cloth band hot rolling on rolling machine, by the hot-rolling on the rolling machine that rubberized tape is softening, make resin (thermosetting, the thermoplastic) fusion on the rubberized tape, under certain forceful action, roller is in operation process, be rolled onto rubberized tape on the core pipe according to certain rules continuously by the friction between roller and the core horizontal stroke, roll through multilayer like this and reach desired thickness, then through cold roller cooling and shaping, take off from rolling machine, thermoplasticity continues cooling curing depoling mould, and the thermosetting pipe crimping is sent into curing oven and solidified the depoling mould.Last deburring verifies as production tube.Winding shaping process is to draw at control bamboo glass cloth band.Under the situation of pressure,, be wrapped in continuously on the core or liner corresponding to the goods inner cavity size, under room temperature or heating condition, make it curing molding then according to the continuous impregnating resin glue of certain rules.Continuous pipe twining is with preimpregnation or existing resin pickup bamboo glass cloth band, is wrapped on the core by the rule of design, through outer, internal heating curing moulding or cooling forming (thermoplasticity), under the steel band on the core promotes, continuously push ahead the demoulding, customized cut-off behind regelate again.The bamboo glass cloth has good resilience and stretches characteristic, therefore, be adapted in the rotational circle die cavity by rule add resin extender etc. and apply push away, pressure rings is put the shop layer, under room temperature, heating or cooling condition, being solidified into then outside warp manage accordingly with die cavity, the jar structure body.This moulding process matches with centrifugal forming again can produce heterogeneous basal body pipe, tank body easily.To the shop during formable layer, can adopt dry method, wet method and three kinds of moulding process of semidry method according to bamboo glass cloth band by the physical and chemical state of selected resin matrix.Bamboo fiber pipe, jar structure body match just can satisfy with corresponding inner liner and external protection and carry and store water, oil, gas, various liquid etc., and many application scenarios needs also can be used for making the submarine cylindrical shell.Its heat resistance is higher than corresponding pure glass and strengthens polymer-matrix multiple tube, jar.
7, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods, it is characterized in that: pultrusion molding process is that bamboo glass cloth band is carried out resin impregnation (molten thermoplastic resin) then by keeping the formation mould of certain cross sectional shape, and make it in mould behind the curing molding, under the tractive force effect, endless bamboo fiber section bar or core are produced in depanning continuously, core is produced heterogeneous matrix section bar through applying outer single-phase or heterogeneous matrix material once more or repeatedly, presses Len req at last and cuts off.It is mainly used in and produces various rods, plate (truck board, furniture-plates, decorative panel or the like), pipe, solid profile (I-shaped, flute profile, square, T shape, H shape, C type, special-shaped section bar etc.) and hollow profile (door-window section bar, roof truss section bar, blade, water tank section bar etc.) etc.Be used for the inner core filler as drawing and extruding section bar such as dry graininess foaming clay, expanded perlite, foam, adopt continuous bamboo glass cloth band etc., making down flute profile strengthens at the bottom of the semihard envelope, mixed glue light granules filler utilization is extruded power and is extruded into down in the groove, the upper strata bamboo glass cloth that closes is with cover, under the tractive force effect, through the encapsulating mold pre-setting, inject resin in the formation mould internal pressure then, make bamboo glass cloth big envelope and filler, impregnation is again through being heated and cured into goods, last fixed length cutting becomes the drawing and extruding section bar that the filler core is arranged.
8; the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods; it is characterized in that: continuous plate technology is dipping thermosetting of single or multiple lift bamboo glass cloth or thermoplastic (fusion) resin; can add decoration on demand; protective layer; soak thermosetting resin bamboo glass cloth upper and lower surface lay polyester film; compound by pair roller or multiple roll pressurization exhaust; entering heating of solidifying and setting chamber or air-cooled solidifying and setting is all kinds of sheet materials or central layer; there is the rolling of polyester film to use again; central layer just can be produced out-phase matrix composite board through the compound or cold subsides of heat again, at last customized cut-off as required.Indoorly add laterally, vertically press wave apparatus just can produce various band circular arc ripples in typing, continuous special-shaped ripple, continuous special-shaped ripple laterally, vertically plate, watt etc., with horizontal, vertical corresponding Weft bamboo glass fabric that is to use, warp-wise bamboo glass cloth brings realization.It can produce various bamboo fiber compound slabs (furniture-plates, decorative panel, engineering with plate etc.), sketch plate, corrugated plating etc., various glass fiber reinforced polymer base bamboo fibers watt (rift grain, band, thermosetting, thermoplasticity), central layer, central layer are two-phase matrix composite plate through the multiple layer of other technologies such as hot extrude again.
9, the production method of bamboo fabric composite engineering material according to claim 1 and goods, it is characterized in that: the moulding process of thermoplastic composite mainly contains the compression molding of bamboo glass cloth prepreg, the punch forming of sheet bamboo matter moulding compound, the vacuum forming of sheet bamboo matter moulding compound, Wrapping formed, the pultrusion of preimpregnation (now soaking) bamboo glass cloth band, continuous plate moulding, centrifugal forming and extrusion molding etc.Bamboo glass cloth band makes bamboo-glass fiber soak into plastics and gets rid of bubble through solvent impregnated or melt impregnation or superimposed again through heating and pressurizing with plastic sheet continuously, and cooling shaping length as required cuts into preimpregnation bamboo matter sheet material or rolls into preimpregnation bamboo matter coiled material.Can obtain melt resin with the molten bath fusing.Preimpregnation bamboo matter sheet material is shaped to various thermoplastic resin group's bamboo fiber composite products through mold pressing, punching press or heating in vacuum.As assembled water tank plate, furniture-plates, decorative panel etc.The winding shaping process principle of thermoplasticity bamboo composite material and wrapping machine equipment are the same with thermoset frp base bamboo composite material, different is thermoplasticity bamboo composite material winding product, need increase preimpregnation (now soaking) bamboo glass cloth band preheating (molten resin) device and heating and pressurizing roller on wrapping machine.When Wrapping formed, earlier preimpregnation (now soaking) bamboo glass cloth band is heated to softening point, the contact point with core heats again, and by the backer roll pressurization, makes it be fused into an integral body.Thermoplastic composite bamboo material pultrusion molding process and thermoset frp base bamboo composite material base institute are similar substantially.The pre-soaked resin or the existing resin pickup of different is bamboo glass cloth band all should be heated to be molten condition before going into mould, resin impregnated bamboo-glass fiber extrusion modling in mould, depanning, through cooling and shaping, the traction become goods with customized cut-off, this technology can pultrusion go out various cross sections bamboo matter section bar.Major product has all size Furniture panel, dalle, door-window section bar, hollow section, solid profile etc.Thermoplasticity continuous plate technology is the continuous bamboo glass cloth of single or multiple lift band to be extruded melting charge by molten bath and extruder cooperate impregnating resin or add the thin sheet material of moulding, and is rolled into dull and stereotyped or various watts and sketch plate through pressure roller or heating pressure roller.Cooperate with many extruders with multilayer bamboo glass cloth band can to continuously produce, can produce longitudinal and transverse waveform bamboo matter Plastic steel tile, multiple sheet materials such as various furniture-plates, storehouse plate above 2m wide plate material.It is compound that the thermoplasticity centrifugal casting is used for various bamboo matter pipe jar inner liners, to increase antiseptic property.
10, the production method of compound compound material of bamboo fiber according to claim 1 and goods is characterized in that: composite material formings such as bamboo rock gypsum, cement, chlorine oxygen magnesium are to make shop lamination material with the bamboo glass cloth to add compound many class bamboo fiber unorganic glass base steel composite engineering materials and the goods produced of adhesive such as other reinforcing material such as glass cloth, yarn and gypsum, cement, chlorine oxygen magnesium as required.The moulding process of bamboo matter inorganic composite materials and goods and bamboo matter thermosetting resin base composite material process planning are basic identical; only need according to gypsum; cement; adhesive curing characteristics such as chlorine oxygen magnesium are adjusted some technological parameters; just can produce same a kind of bamboo matter goods of the unorganic glass steel matrix identical with the fiberglass matrix, these technologies mainly contain hand pasting forming; compression molding; continuous plate; pultrusion; sandwich; pipe jug forming etc. particularly the inorganic matrix structure sheaf with the inner liner of organic matrix with protect the heterogeneous matrix composite product of decorative layer can satisfy many applications outward.Main goods have assembled storehouse, water tank, railway carriage, container plate, furniture, decoration, deck plate, the inorganic glass line of bamboo matter watt, pipe, jar, cooling tower, the insulation sandwich plate, insulation interlayer roofing tile, interlayer ash wall body plate, assembled villa and movable house, various trough-shaped body etc.
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