CN101311243A - 油气储层裂缝暂堵剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明为石油天燃气钻中，针对裂缝性油气储层的一种油气层保护剂，特别是裂缝暂堵剂。其各组份按以下配比混合：60～1100目的超细碳酸钙40～85％，植物纤维10～40％，氧化沥青5～20％。本发明的暂堵剂随钻井液进入地层后，在井壁附近快速形成一层致密而具有韧性的泥饼，使近井壁地层原始渗透率迅速降低，接近为零，以防止钻井过程中钻井液滤液及各种处理剂、岩屑等侵入从而导致油气产量减小和产能下降。本发明暂堵剂对裂缝性岩心暂堵率达到99％以上，压力返排和酸化返排率可达成80％以上，暂堵范围宽，是一种理想的裂缝性储层保护剂。该剂具有加量少、成本低无污染特点。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明为石油天然气钻井中，针对裂缝性油气储层的一种油气层保护剂。
(二)背景技术
随着世界能源需求的增加和钻探技术和发展，不断提高能源产能和采收率已成必然。针对裂缝性油气储层，在钻探到裂缝处，钻井液滤液及各种处理剂、岩屑等侵入更深地层将引起储层渗透率降低，导致油气产量减小和产能下降。所以在裂缝性油气储层的钻探中要实施储存保护。目前储层保护剂一般采用超细碳酸钙作为油气层暂堵剂。其缺点是对地质情况复杂、裂缝空隙及喉道差异明显、裂缝发育不均衡的情况不能有效暂堵，暂堵针对性不强，暂堵率低，暂堵范围窄。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种对裂缝性储存暂堵针对性强，暂堵率高，暂堵范围宽的油气储层裂缝暂堵剂。本发明的解决方案是；一种油气储层裂缝暂堵剂，其特点在于各组份按以下配比混合：
60～1100目的超细碳酸钙 40～85％，
植物纤维 10～40％，
氧化沥青 5～20％。
本发明的解决方案中超细碳酸钙作为架桥粒子，在裂缝中进行架桥，短时间内使裂缝宽度变窄，起到一定的封堵作用。植物纤维也是作为架桥粒子，可更好地协同碳酸钙短时间内使裂缝宽度变窄，起到一定的封堵作用。氧化沥青作为填充粒子，在高温作用下，氧化沥青软化，填充在几种架桥粒子封堵所形成的小裂缝孔隙中，进一步将堵层的渗透率降低，达到屏蔽暂堵的目的。
本发明的解决方案中，超细碳酸钙可采用600～1100目的用量为15～30％，60～600目的用量为25～55％。还可进一步将超细碳酸钙按不同目数进行添加，其配比可为1000目的用量为8～15％，600目的用量为5～10％，400目的用量为10～20％，100目的用量为10～25％，60目的用量为7～15％。通过不同目数的超细碳酸钙进行配比，更有利于使其起到架桥作用。当采用不同目数的超细碳酸钙进行配比时，先要将各种目数的碳酸钙混合在反应釜中搅拌1～2小时，然后加入植物纤维搅拌0.5～1小时，最后将氧化沥青混合均匀分散到上述混合物中搅拌0.5～1小时。
本发明的解决方案中，植物纤维的纤维长度在2毫米以下效果最好。同时，植物纤维可采用竹、棉、木纤维混合物。
本发明的优点：本发明的暂堵剂在随钻井液进入地层后，在压差的作用下，能在井壁附近快速形成一层致密而具有韧性的泥饼，使近井壁地层原始渗透率迅速降低，接近为零，以防止钻井过程中钻井液滤液及各种处理剂、岩屑等侵入更深地层而引起储层渗透率下降，从而导致油气产量减小和产能下降。在钻井结束后，用射孔或酸化等方式能有效地解除暂堵，使其渗透率恢复到与暂堵前相接近的范围。本发明暂堵剂经实验证明对裂缝性岩心具有良好的屏蔽暂堵作用，暂堵率达到99％以上，压力返排和酸化返排率可达成80％以上，暂堵范围宽，是一种理想的裂缝性储层保护剂。该剂具有加量少、成本低、无污染的特点。
(四)具体实施方式
实施例1、油气储层裂缝暂堵剂按以下配比及工艺生产：
(1)将1000目碳酸钙15％，600目碳酸钙10％，400目碳酸钙15％，100目碳酸钙20％，60目碳酸钙5％混合在反应釜中，搅拌1～2小时，温度控制在20～40℃。
(2)将20％小于2毫米的植物纤维加入到(1)中混匀，搅拌0.5～1小时，控制温度20～40℃。
(3)将15％的氧化沥青混合均匀分散到(2)中搅拌0.5～1小时，控制温度20～40℃。
本实施例所得的暂堵剂经检测性能指标如下：
| 项目 | 要求指标 | 本发明指标 |
| 外观 | 灰白色粉末 | 灰白色粉末 |
| 主要粒质范围um | 0.1～250 | 0.28～181 |
| 水分％ | ≤10 | 6..2 |
| API滤降低率％ | ≥10 | 18.1 |
| 酸溶率％ | ≥50 | 73.9 |
| 暂堵率％ | ≥90 | 99.9 |
实施例2：油气储层裂缝暂堵剂按以下配比及工业生产：
(1)将1000目碳酸钙15％，600目碳酸钙5％，400目碳酸钙20％，100目碳酸钙10％，60目碳酸钙15％。混合在反应釜中，搅拌1～2小时。
(2)将15％的植物纤维加入到(1)中混匀，搅拌0.5～1小时。
(3)将20％的氧化沥青混合均匀分散到(2)中搅拌0.5～1小时。
本实施例所得的暂堵剂经检测性能指标如下：
| 项目 | 要求指标 | 本发明指标 |
| 外观 | 灰白色粉末 | 灰白色粉末 |
| 主要粒质范围um | 0.1～250 | 0.28～234 |
| 水分％ | ≤10 | 5.6 |
| API滤降低率％ | ≥10 | 16.4 |
| 酸溶率％ | ≥50 | 76.8 |
| 暂堵率％ | ≥90 | 99.85 |
本发明实际应用于川孝井565井、川江566井在加入本发明裂缝暂堵剂后起到良好的防漏堵漏作用，均未出现掉块、起下钻遇阻、井壁垮塌等井下复杂情况，井径扩大率较邻井减小，井眼规则，后期完井作业顺利。两井试井测试表皮系数范围在-2到0.1之间，无阻流量大于3.92×104m3/d，明显优于邻井。在开采过程中，川江566井的日产量出现了递增现象，说明暂堵剂具有良好的储层保护，提高油气产量的作用。
Claims (5)
1、一种油气储层裂缝暂堵剂，其特征在于各组份按以下配比混合：
60～1100目的超细碳酸钙 40～85％，
植物纤维 10～40％，
氧化沥青 5～20％。
2、根据权利要求1所述的油气储层裂缝暂堵剂，其特征在于各组份按以下配比：
600～1100目的超细碳酸钙 15～30％，
60～600目的超细碳酸钙 25～55％，
植物纤维 10～40％，
氧化沥青 5～20％。
3、根据权利要求1所述的油气储层裂缝暂堵剂，其特征在于各组份按以下配比：
1000目的超细碳酸钙 8～15％，
600目的超细碳酸钙 5～10％，
400目的超细碳酸钙 10～20％，
100目的超细碳酸钙 10～25％，
60目的超细碳酸钙 7～15％，
植物纤维 10～40％，
氧化沥青 5～20％。
4、根据权利要求1所述的油气储层裂缝暂堵剂，其特征在于植物纤维的纤维长度在2毫米以下。
5、根据权利要求1所述的油气储层裂缝暂堵剂，其特征在于植物纤维为竹、棉、木纤维混合物。
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