CN101306361A - Method for preparing hexa-aluminate catalyst using reversed phase micro-emulsion method - Google Patents
Method for preparing hexa-aluminate catalyst using reversed phase micro-emulsion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101306361A CN101306361A CNA2007101068976A CN200710106897A CN101306361A CN 101306361 A CN101306361 A CN 101306361A CN A2007101068976 A CNA2007101068976 A CN A2007101068976A CN 200710106897 A CN200710106897 A CN 200710106897A CN 101306361 A CN101306361 A CN 101306361A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method which is used for preparing a hexaaluminate catalyst through the inverse micro-emulsion method, and the catalysts of the invention are BaMxAl1-xO19-Delta, LayBa1-yMnAl11O19-Delta and CazBa1-zMnAl11O19-Delta, wherein x is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4; y is equal to 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1; z is equal to 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1; the preparation method is described in the specification. The catalyst of the invention has the advantages that the particle diameter is small, the specific surface area is large, the catalytic activity of methane is high, the method is simple, the repeatability is good, the cost is low, high temperature activity and high temperature stability coexist, the catalyst can be used in the high-temperature catalytic combustion environment of the methane for a long time, transition metal can be adopted as the active element of the catalyst, metals such as lanthanum, barium, calcium, etc. can also be adopted as mirror plane positive ions, the catalyst of the invention takes the activity of L0.8B0.2MnA11 as the best, the ignition temperature is 440 DEG C, and the transformation can be completed at 648 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Preparation of catalysts method, specifically hexa-aluminate type combustion of natural gas Catalysts and its preparation method.
Background technology
Since this century, natural gas becomes the first energy gradually and is used by more and more.Especially catalytic combustion, owing to possess advantage such as stable, energy-saving and environmental protection, and be subjected to the great attention of scientific and technological circle and branch of industry.Yet the technical bottleneck of restriction combustion of natural gas technology industrialization is that catalyst performance does not reach requirement, so exploitation and the good catalysts of development catalytic performance are the keys of catalytic combustion.
The tradition noble metal catalyst has been widely used in oxidation reaction, and its advantage is that initiation temperature is low, as high dispersive platinum and palladium oxide at high specific surface gamma-Al
2O
3On, initiation temperature to 1% methane is respectively 400 ℃ and 250 ℃, but its shortcoming is a poor heat stability, the inactivation being higher than under 750 ℃ of temperature easily sintering or evaporation, because noble metal costs an arm and a leg, limited the high temperature of precious metal natural gas catalytic combustion catalyst and used simultaneously.
Transition metal oxide is as Co
3O
4, Mn
2O
3And alkali metal oxide, such catalyst is compared with noble metal catalyst, and its high high-temp stability increases, and, also have inexpensive advantage.But its activity is lower.As Co
3O
4Initiation temperature to methane is 470 ℃.Therefore, the optimal selection that such catalyst neither the natural gas catalytic combustion catalyst.
At present, study more combustion catalysis system, as perovskite, aluminosilicate, particularly six barium aluminate systems have β-Al
2O
3Unique layer structure, its particular structure can make such catalyst still can keep certain specific area under 1200 ℃～1500 ℃, keeps stable structure.In addition, can utilize transition metal ions substitution of Al ion in the scope of broad, can improve its catalytic activity greatly, thereby in the natural gas high temperature catalytic combustion, show good performances such as anti-sintering, high activity and high-temperature stability.
The method for preparing hexa-aluminate catalyzer is a lot, and different preparation methods has very big influence to the performance of catalyst.Usually adopt sol-gel process and coprecipitation.Having report to develop with the reverse microemulsion process abroad is media, utilize the metal alkoxide hydrolysis to prepare the long-pending hexa-aluminate class catalyst of height ratio table, the Mn-BHA of preparation and the initiation temperature of Ce-BHA are 400 ℃ to 1% methane, it is the hexa-aluminate class catalyst of the best of present research, yet, this method requires the process conditions harshness, and the cost costliness is difficult to realize industrialization production.Therefore, must be by simplifying process conditions, the approach that reduces preparation cost is possessed the hexa-aluminate class catalyst of high-temperature stability and high temperature active simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is that providing a kind of is media with the reverse micro emulsion, prepares the process of six barium aluminate catalyst by precipitation reaction, and compares with traditional prepared by co-precipitation technology, clear and definite its advantage.
Another object of the present invention is to, come part to replace aluminium ion in the B position ion of transition metal chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper introducing six barium aluminates such as (Cu), can improve the catalytic activity of six barium aluminate catalyst greatly.
In addition, the A position ion of lanthanoid metal (La) and calcium metal (Ca) being introduced six barium aluminates comes part to replace barium ions, can further improve the high-temperature stability of six barium aluminate catalyst under the prerequisite of high-temperature catalytic activity.Thereby be implemented under the process conditions of simplification, prepare the natural gas catalytic combustion catalyst of good characteristics such as having quick ignition, high-temperature stability and economy.
Concrete preparation process is
The method of prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer is characterized in that comprising the step of following order:
A at first, prepares transition metal, alkaline earth metal solution and reverse microemulsion liquor respectively.
Secondly B, prepares the suitable precipitating reagent aqueous solution and reverse microemulsion liquor thereof.
C, with a, b two steps gained solution mixes, and obtains precipitation, adopts centrifugation, washing, drying obtains the hexa-aluminate predecessor.
D, the hexa-aluminate predecessor that c step is obtained obtains hexa-aluminate catalyzer through 500 ℃, 1200 ℃ two one-step baking.(BaM
xAl
11-xO
19-δ，La
yBa
1-yMnAl
11O
19-δ，Ca
zBa
1-zMnAl
11O
19-δ)
The precursor compound of transition metal and alkaline-earth metal is inorganic salts, is Nitrates.
The nitrate aqueous solution of transition metal, alkaline-earth metal, it is pH=1 that dropping nitric acid is regulated its acid-base value.
Precipitating reagent is an ammonia spirit.
The reverse microemulsion liquid system is to be TX-100 by surfactant; Cosurfactant is n-hexyl alcohol or n-heptanol; Oil phase is cyclohexane or isooctane; Water is that nitrate aqueous solution, ammonia spirit are formed.
Transition metal and alkaline-earth metal are respectively: chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lanthanum (La); Barium (Ba), calcium (Ca).
In the described hexa-aluminate expression formula:
x＝0，1，2，3，4；y＝0，0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8，1；z＝0，0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8，1
Described catalyst reverse microemulsion liquid and preparation method thereof, through aging 24h, the centrifugal separation sediment separate out through washing, separates the presoma that obtains catalyst again.
Described catalyst reverse microemulsion liquid and preparation method thereof can adopt common drying means that the catalyst precursor that centrifugation obtains is carried out drying.
Described prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer, in the hexa-aluminate lattice A position cation based on barium (Ba) ion, simultaneously doped portion lanthanum (La) ion or calcium (Ca) ion; B position ion comes part to replace aluminium (Al) ion with above-mentioned transition metal, and there is good synergy in the catalyst A B interdigit metal that obtains, and the methane catalytic combustion initiation temperature is reduced, and high-temperature stability improves.
The detail operating procedure that relates among this preparation method is as follows:
Described reverse microemulsion liquid system can followingly be prepared: under 25 ℃ of constant temperatures, surfactant (TX-100): help the mass ratio of surface agent can be at 1: 1～1.5: 1, surfactant and cosurfactant sum can be at 1.2: 1～1.5: 1 with the mass ratio of oil, water: the mass ratio of oil can be at 0.8: 1～1: 1.
Mixed nitrate solution as water can followingly be prepared: the mixed solution of preparing barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) etc. according to the stoichiometric proportion of target product, concentration is 0.5mol/l, and is 1 with the pH value that salpeter solution is regulated mixed solution.In addition, the preparation saturated ammonia aqueous solution, mass concentration is 5%.
Described centrifugal separation rotating speed is set to 8000r/min, and the time interval is 15min.And use ethanol solution to divide three washings.
Its baking temperature of common drying means is made as 80 ℃ in the described drying means, and be 12h drying time.
In the described substep roasting process, one is 500 ℃ of following roasting 2h, and the back grind into powder is taken out in cooling.It two is 1200 ℃ of following roasting 4h.
Described methane catalytic combustion active testing experiment can be adopted micro-reaction equipment, and reaction mixture gas is φ (methane)=1.5%, and surplus is mixing air.Control gas flow with mass flowmenter, be respectively methane 4ml/min, mixing air 250ml/min.Miniature quartz reaction tube diameter φ=8mm, air speed 50000h
-1The catalyst filling amount is 300mg, 20～40 orders.Be reflected under the normal pressure and carry out, temperature programming speed is 4 ℃/min, 800 ℃ of the intensification limit.The GC9890A gas-chromatography on-line analysis of reactant and product.Use T
10%, T
50%, T
90%Represent 10%, 50%, 90% o'clock catalyst combustion reaction temperature of methane conversion respectively.
Catalyst of the present invention is compared with traditional coprecipitation has following advantage: particle diameter is little, specific area is big, methyl hydride catalyzed active height, and method is simple, good reproducibility, and cost is low.The catalyst of preparing can possess high temperature active and high-temperature stability simultaneously, can apply to methane high temperature catalytic combustion environment for a long time.Can adopt chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper transition metal such as (Cu) as such activity of such catalysts element, in addition, can adopt lanthanum (La), barium (Ba), calcium metals such as (Ca) as its minute surface cation.The catalyst that the present invention prepares is with L
0.8B
0.2MnA
11Activity be best, 440 ℃ of initiation temperatures, 648 ℃ of characteristics that transform fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: sample La of the present invention
yBa
1-yMnAl
11O
19-δThe active comparison diagram of series
Fig. 2: sample La of the present invention
yBa
1-yMnAl
11O
19-δSeries of X RD collection of illustrative plates
The specific embodiment
Enumerate 6 embodiment below, the present invention is further specified, but the present invention is not only limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Adopt method for preparing BaMn
xAl
11-xO
19-δ(x=0,1,2,3,4) catalyst series
Press n (Ba (NO
3)
2)/n (Mn (NO
3)
2)/n (Al (NO
3)
3)=1: x: 11-x prepares the mixed solution of 0.5mol/l respectively, under 25 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control with a certain amount of Triton X-100, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the mixed nitrate solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as A, Triton X-100 with same amount, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the saturated ammonia aqueous solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as B, again respectively with A, B is rapid mixing under agitation, stirring reaction 2h, the pH of control solution is about 8, standing over night is aging, the high speed centrifugation sediment separate out, dry, roasting, promptly obtain hexa-aluminate catalyzer, be designated as BM
nA
m, B, M, A represent barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al) atom respectively in the formula, and n represents the atomicity of manganese, and m represents the atomicity of aluminium.
Wherein, the best example that realizes is: BM
2A
10, 460 ℃ of initiation temperatures, 662 ℃ transform fully.
The methyl hydride combustion activity of the above-mentioned prepared catalyst of table 1.
| Catalyst | T 10％(℃) | T 50％(℃) | T 90％(℃) | A BET(m 2/g) |
| BA 12 | 539 | 704 | / | 35.41 |
| BM 0.5A 11.5 | 461 | 608 | 672 | 35.37 |
| BMA 11 | 470 | 594 | 668 | 35.72 |
| BM 2A 10 | 460 | 603 | 662 | 35.82 |
| BM 3A 9 | 521 | 611 | 695 | 26.26 |
| BM 4A 8 | 507 | 593 | 748 | 17.05 |
Embodiment 2
Adopt method for preparing La
yBa
1-yMnAl
11O
19-δ(y=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1) catalyst series
Press n (La (NO
3)
3)/n (Ba (NO
3)
2)/n (Mn (NO
3)
2)/n (Al (NO
3)
3)=y: 1-y: respectively prepare the mixed solution of 0.5mol/l at 1: 11, under 25 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control with a certain amount of Triton X-100, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the mixed nitrate solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as A, Triton X-100 with same amount, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the saturated ammonia aqueous solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as B, again respectively with A, B is rapid mixing under agitation, stirring reaction 2h, the pH of control solution is about 8, standing over night is aging, the high speed centrifugation sediment separate out, dry, roasting, promptly obtain hexa-aluminate catalyzer, be designated as L
aB
bMA
11, L, B, M, A represent lanthanum (La), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al) atom respectively in the formula, and a represents the atomicity of lanthanum, and b is expressed as the atomicity of barium.
Wherein, the best example that realizes is: L
0.8B
0.2MnA
11, 440 ℃ of initiation temperatures, 648 ℃ transform fully, and it is more directly perceived that accompanying drawing 1 reflects.
The methyl hydride combustion activity of the above-mentioned prepared catalyst of table 2
| Catalyst | T 10％(℃) | T 50％(℃) | T 90％(℃) | A BET(m 2/g) |
| BMA 11 | 470 | 594 | 668 | 35.72 |
| L 0.2B 0.8MnA 11 | 492 | 586 | 662 | 32.35 |
| L 0.4B 0.6MnA 11 | 484 | 566 | 649 | 32.67 |
| L 0.6B 0.4MnA 11 | 487 | 631 | 707 | 28.80 |
| L 0.8B 0.2MnA 11 | 440 | 554 | 648 | 26.20 |
| LMnA 11 | 468 | 575 | 665 | 23.04 |
Embodiment 3
Adopt method for preparing Ca
zBa
1-zMnAl
11O
19-δ(z=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1) catalyst series
Press n (Ca (NO
3)
2)/n (Ba (NO
3)
2)/n (Mn (NO
3)
2)/n (Al (NO
3)
3)=z: 1-z: respectively prepare the mixed solution of 0.5mol/l at 1: 11, under 25 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control with a certain amount of Triton X-100, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the mixed nitrate solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as A, Triton X-100 with same amount, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the saturated ammonia aqueous solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as B, again respectively with A, B is rapid mixing under agitation, stirring reaction 2h, the pH of control solution is about 8, standing over night is aging, the high speed centrifugation sediment separate out, dry, roasting, promptly obtain hexa-aluminate catalyzer, be designated as C
aB
bMA
11, C, B, M, A represent calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al) atom respectively in the formula, and a represents the atomicity of calcium, and b is expressed as the atomicity of barium.
The methyl hydride combustion activity of the above-mentioned prepared catalyst of table 3
| Catalyst | T 10％(℃) | T 50％(℃) | T 90％(℃) | A BET(m 2/g) |
| BMA 11 | 470 | 594 | 668 | 35.72 |
| C 0.2B 0.8MnA 11 | 490 | 623 | 722 | 8.988 |
| C 0.4B 0.6MnA 11 | 487 | 607 | 684 | 13.47 |
| C 0.6B 0.4MnA 11 | 508 | 643 | 738 | 9.863 |
| C 0.8B 0.2MnA 11 | 501 | 630 | 725 | 12.52 |
| CMnA 11 | 523 | 629 | 720 | 11.18 |
Embodiment 4
Adopt method for preparing BaNi
xAl
11-xO
19-δ(x=0.5,1,2,3,4) catalyst series
Press n (Ba (NO
3)
2)/n (Ni (NO
3)
2)/n (Al (NO
3)
3)=1: x: 11-x prepares the mixed solution of 0.5mol/l respectively, under 25 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control with a certain amount of Triton X-100, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the mixed nitrate solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as A, Triton X-100 with same amount, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the saturated ammonia aqueous solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as B, again respectively with A, B is rapid mixing under agitation, stirring reaction 2h, the pH of control solution is about 8, standing over night is aging, the high speed centrifugation sediment separate out, dry, roasting, promptly obtain hexa-aluminate catalyzer, be designated as BN
nA
m, B, N, A represent barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), aluminium (Al) atom respectively in the formula, and n represents the atomicity of nickel, and m represents the atomicity of aluminium.
The methyl hydride combustion activity of the above-mentioned prepared catalyst of table 4
| Catalyst | T 10％(℃) | T 50％(℃) | T 90％(℃) | A BET(m 2/g) |
| BN 0.5A 11.5 | 545 | 693 | 757 | 48.40 |
| BNA 11 | 535 | 666 | 738 | 76.10 |
| BN 2A 10 | 520 | 654 | 728 | 76.17 |
| BN 3A 9 | 544 | 662 | 734 | 52.41 |
| BN 4A 8 | 535 | 670 | 740 | 39.19 |
Embodiment 5
Adopt method for preparing BaCo
xAl
11-xO
19-δ(x=0.5,1,2,3,4) catalyst series
Press n (Ba (NO
3)
2)/n (Co (NO
3)
2)/n (Al (NO
3)
3)=1: x: 11-x prepares the mixed solution of 0.5mol/l respectively, under 25 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control with a certain amount of Triton X-100, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the mixed nitrate solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as A, Triton X-100 with same amount, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexane and the saturated ammonia aqueous solution of being prepared stir and make it become transparent microemulsion to be designated as B, again respectively with A, B is rapid mixing under agitation, stirring reaction 2h, the pH of control solution is about 8, standing over night is aging, the high speed centrifugation sediment separate out, dry, roasting, promptly obtain hexa-aluminate catalyzer, be designated as BC
nA
m, B, C, A represent barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), aluminium (Al) atom respectively in the formula, and n represents the atomicity of cobalt, and m represents the atomicity of aluminium.
The methyl hydride combustion activity of the above-mentioned prepared catalyst of table 5
| Catalyst | T 10％(℃) | T 50％(℃) | T 90％(℃) | A BET(m 2/g) |
| BC 0.5A 11.5 | 578 | 681 | 746 | 60.06 |
| BCA 11 | 528 | 616 | 686 | 80.53 |
| BC 2A 10 | 521 | 644 | 708 | 77.17 |
| BC 3A 9 | 561 | 655 | 717 | 69.40 |
| BC 4A 8 | 551 | 659 | 718 | 16.87 |
Embodiment 6
Adopt method for preparing La
yBa
1-yMnAl
11O
19-δ(y=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1) catalyst series carries out X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiment to its sample, finds that the characteristic peak type of sample is by β-Al along with the increase of La ion replacement
2O
3The BaMnAl of type
11O
19-δLaMnAl to Magnetoplumbate-type
11O
19-δChange, see accompanying drawing 2.
Claims (7)
1, the method for prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer is characterized in that comprising the step of following order:
A at first, prepares transition metal, alkaline earth nitrate solution and reverse microemulsion liquor respectively;
Secondly B, prepares the suitable precipitating reagent aqueous solution and reverse microemulsion liquor thereof;
C, with a, b two steps gained solution mixes, and obtains precipitation, adopts centrifugation, washing, drying obtains the hexa-aluminate forerunner;
D, the hexa-aluminate predecessor that c step is obtained obtains hexa-aluminate catalyzer BaM through 500 ℃, 1200 ℃ two one-step baking
xAl
1-xO
19-δ, La
yBa
1-yMnAl
11O
19-δ, Ca
zBa
1-zMnAl
11O
19-δ: wherein: x=0,1,2,3,4; Y=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1; Z=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.
2, the method for prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the nitrate aqueous solution of described transition metal, alkaline-earth metal, it is pH=1 that dropping nitric acid is regulated its acid-base value.
3, the method for prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described precipitating reagent is an ammonia spirit.
4, the method for prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described reverse microemulsion liquid system is to be TX-100 by surfactant; Cosurfactant is n-hexyl alcohol or n-heptanol; Oil phase is cyclohexane or isooctane; Water is that nitrate aqueous solution, ammonia spirit are formed.
5, according to the method for claim 1 or 2 or 3 described prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzers, it is characterized in that: described transition metal and alkaline-earth metal are respectively: chromium Cr, manganese Mn, iron Fe, cobalt Co, nickel, copper Cu, lanthanum La, barium Ba, calcium Ca.
6, the method for prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described claim 1d is in the hexa-aluminate lattice, A position cation is based on barium Ba ion, simultaneously doped portion lanthanum La ion or calcium Ca ion; B position ion comes part to replace aluminium Al ion with above-mentioned transition metal, and there is good synergy in the catalyst A position B interdigit metal that obtains, and the methane catalytic combustion initiation temperature reduces, and high-temperature stability improves.
7, the method for prepared by reverse microemulsion method hexa-aluminate catalyzer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described claim 1d is through aging 24h, the centrifugal separation sediment separate out, washing, separate the sediment that obtains again, dry 12h obtains presoma under 80 ℃, again through 500 ℃, 1200 ℃ two one-step baking.
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| RU2631497C2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2017-09-25 | Басф Се | Reforming catalyst, containing hexaaluminate of hydrocarbons and reforming method |
| US10987660B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2021-04-27 | Basf Se | Hexaaluminate-comprising catalyst for the reforming of hydrocarbons and a reforming process |
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| CN106582616B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Catalyst and preparation method thereof for biodiesel catalysis burning |
| CN106582618A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | W-doped hexaaluminate, preparation method thereof and application thereof in biodiesel catalytic combustion |
| CN114073956A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-22 | 四川大学 | Method for synthesizing double-active-center catalyst by microemulsion solvent precipitation coprecipitation method |
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