CN101305184A - Fluid energy converter - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention include apparatus and methods of fluid energy conversion. One embodiment relates to a tube for a fluid energy converter. The tube may include a generally cylindrical and hollow body having an interior surface, an exterior surface, and a longitudinal axis. Another embodiment includes a fluid energy converter having a longitudinal axis and a rotatable tube coaxial about the longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, the rotatable tube converts kinetic energy in a fluid into rotating mechanical energy, or converts rotating mechanical energy into kinetic energy in a fluid.

Description

Fluid energy conversion device

Related application

The application requires to be filed in the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/710 on August 22nd, 2005,225, be filed in the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/710 on August 22nd, 2005,339, be filed in the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/760 on January 19th, 2006,251 preference.The content of above-mentioned every piece of application is incorporated herein by reference in full at this.

Technical field

The field of the invention is usually directed to fluid energy conversion device, more particularly, the present invention relates to windmill and wind turbine.

Background technique

Fluid energy conversion device typically uses blade, propulsion device (propellers) or impeller that the kinetic energy of streaming flow is converted to mechanical energy, perhaps mechanical energy is converted to the kinetic energy of streaming flow stream.For example, windmill and waterwheel are converted to rotating mechanical energy with the kinetic energy of wind or water, and wind turbine and water turbine also use generator that rotating mechanical energy is converted to electric energy.In reverse process, the kinetic energy that fan, propulsion device, compressor and pump can be configured to the mechanical energy of spinning in the future imposes on fluid.

Especially utilize windmill and wind turbine, the transformation of energy from kinetic energy to mechanical energy is very low for gas efficient.It is conventionally believed that for for the device of wind-force conversion kinetic energy, the efficient of maximum possible is about 59.3%.Yet this numeral has been ignored the loss that is caused by for example resistance of air and turbulent flow.The cloverleaf wind turbine of some application layers can be realized the peak efficiency of 40-50%, but the efficient of windmill is obviously lower.Therefore, need use more effective fluid energy conversion device to wind-force.

Although the fluid energy conversion device of some fluid uses for liquid can be realized high efficiency, these machines cost an arm and a leg.For example, although the Francis water turbine can realize being higher than 90% efficient, they are very expensive.Having cost is the application of the even more important factor of specific efficiency maximization, therefore, fluid energy conversion device that need be lower for the flow of liquid cost, and this transducer still keeps the efficient of wishing.

Summary of the invention

Here the system and method that shows and describe has certain characteristics, does not have single feature that the attribute of its hope is worked separately.Under situation about the present invention not being limited within the described scope of following explanation, now its more outstanding feature will be discussed briefly.After considering these discussion, especially read title for after the paragraph of " embodiment ", people should be understood that how the feature of this system and method provides the some advantages that are better than legacy system and method.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to be used for the pipe of fluid energy conversion device.This pipe can have common columniform hollow body, and this hollow body has internal surface, outer surface and longitudinal axis.This pipe can have a plurality of helical grooves, and this helical groove is used for making circumference of cannon bone collect the kinetic energy of fluid stream when longitudinal axis rotates at fluid stream.

In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of fluid energy conversion device, this fluid energy conversion device has longitudinal axis and the rotatable pipe coaxial with this longitudinal axis.This rotatable pipe can have and is formed on its inside and outside lip-deep helical groove so that rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy.

In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to be used for the pipe of fluid energy conversion device.This pipe can comprise common columniform hollow body, and this hollow body has internal surface, outer surface and longitudinal axis.This pipe also can have a plurality of helical grooves that are formed on its outer surface and the internal surface.Helical groove is suitable for collecting the fluid on first side of helical groove on the outer surface, and helical groove is suitable for collecting the fluid on second side of helical groove on the internal surface.In one embodiment, the present invention relates to be used for the rotor of fluid energy conversion device.This rotor has longitudinal axis and the rotatable pipe coaxial with this longitudinal axis.This pipe can comprise internal surface and outer surface.Can form a plurality of helical grooves on outer surface and internal surface, each helical groove has at least two helical groove walls respect to one another substantially.Helical groove wall on the outer surface forms the angle of 0-100 degree, and helical groove is configured to rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy, perhaps fluid dynamic energy is converted to rotating mechanical energy.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of fluid energy conversion device, this fluid energy conversion device has longitudinal axis and the rotatable pipe coaxial with this longitudinal axis.This rotatable pipe has a plurality of helical grooves that are formed on its outer surface and the internal surface.Enegrgy converter can also comprise that this front vane group is connected on the rotatable pipe around the radially-arranged front vane group of longitudinal axis.Can be connected on the rotatable pipe around the radially-arranged rear blade group of longitudinal axis.Fluid energy conversion device can also comprise and overlaps and operate the axle that is connected on the rotatable pipe with longitudinal axis.In some configurations, rotatable pipe is converted to rotating mechanical energy with fluid dynamic energy, perhaps rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy.

Another embodiment comprises the rotor that is used for windmill.This rotor can comprise common columniform hollow tubular, and this hollow tubular has internal surface, outer surface and a plurality of wall along the pipe periphery, and described wall forms a plurality of helical blades that are configured to receive wind-force kinetic energy.

Another embodiment comprises the pipeline section that is used for rotor.This pipeline section can comprise the arc plate of rectangle substantially, from the first pipeline section edge that panel edges is stretched out be formed on pipeline section otch on the described plate.The pipeline section otch can be configured to receive the second pipeline section edge.

Another embodiment comprises the method for operating windmill.This method can comprise provides tubular rotor, and it is parallel substantially with fluid stream rotor to be mounted to the longitudinal axis that makes this rotor, and makes rotor with respect to the flow direction trim of fluid stream and/or the Angle of Trim and/or the Angle of Heel of heel 1-30 degree.

For a person skilled in the art, under the situation of reading following explanation and accompanying drawing, these and other improvement will become apparent.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of fluid energy conversion device.

Fig. 2 is the partial sectional view of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is another partial sectional view of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the pipe that can use with fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 5 A is the perspective view of a pipeline section of pipe shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 5 B is the perspective view of two pipeline sections of pipe shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 6 is some hydromechanical sketch relevant with fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 7 is the sketch that the rotor of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 has a down dip.

Fig. 8 is the sketch of the rotor updip of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 9 is the front elevation of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1, and this fluid energy conversion device has along the rotor of first direction heel.

Figure 10 is the front elevation of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1, and this fluid energy conversion device has along the rotor of second direction heel.

Figure 11 is the rotor generation trim of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 and the perspective view of heel.

Figure 12 is the side view that the rotor of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 has a down dip.

Figure 13 is the side view that the rotor of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 has a down dip.

Figure 14 is the top view of the rotor of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 along the first direction heel.

Figure 15 is the top view of the rotor of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 along the second direction heel.

Figure 16 A is the partial front elevation view of the air guide sleeve (nacelle) of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1, has shown the become a mandarin effect of fluid of physical efficiency energy converter of air guide sleeve convection current.

Figure 16 B is the fragmentary, perspective view of air guide sleeve shown in Figure 16 A, and has shown the effect of air guide sleeve to the fluid that flows into fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 17 A is the schematic representation that crosses the typical boundary layer of typical tube.

Figure 17 B is formed in the schematic representation in the boundary layer on the tube-surface that uses with fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 18 is the perspective view of optional installation method that is used for the rotor of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 19 is the perspective view of selectable location of the air guide sleeve of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 20 is the sectional view of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1, and this fluid energy conversion device has the gearbox unit of continuous variable.

Figure 21 is the sectional view of the optional air guide sleeve of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 22 A is the exploded view of optional manufacture method that is used for the pipe of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 22 B is the exploded view of optional manufacture method that is used for the pipe of fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1.

Figure 23 is the optional embodiment's of a fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 side view.

Figure 24 is the optional embodiment's of a fluid energy conversion device shown in Figure 1 side view.

Figure 25 is the optional embodiment's of wind turbine system a perspective view.

Figure 26 A is the sectional view of system shown in Figure 25.

Figure 26 B is the partial end view of system shown in Figure 25.

Figure 27 is the perspective view of the rotor section that can use with system shown in Figure 25.

Figure 28 is the perspective view of the modular member of rotor section shown in Figure 27.

Figure 29 is the perspective view of the center main that can use with system shown in Figure 25.

Figure 30 is an embodiment's of a center main shown in Figure 29 schematic representation.

Figure 31 is the optional embodiment's of a center main shown in Figure 29 sectional view.

Figure 32 is the optional embodiment's of wind turbine system a facade side elevation.

Figure 33 is the top elevation of system shown in Figure 32.

Figure 34 is the front elevation view of system shown in Figure 32.

Figure 35 is the perspective view of the rotary support that can use with system shown in Figure 32.

Figure 36 is the bottom view of rotary support shown in Figure 35.

Figure 37 is the perspective view of the front vane group that can use with system shown in Figure 32.

Figure 38 is the perspective view of the rear blade group that can use with system shown in Figure 32.

Embodiment

Describe embodiments of the invention now with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein, identical numeral is being represented components identical in full.In this manual the term of Shi Yonging can not be because it uses together with specific descriptions of some specific embodiment of the present invention simply the mode with any limitation or restriction make an explanation.And embodiments of the invention can comprise several novel characteristics, and the single feature of neither one can work separately to the characteristic of its hope or be essential concerning implementing the present invention described here.

In one aspect, fluid turbine can have tubular rotor and support or pylon.Tubular rotor comprise longitudinal axis, with the concentric rotatable pipe of longitudinal axis, with the concentric rotatable front vane group of longitudinal axis, with the concentric air guide sleeve of longitudinal axis, with concentric rotatable rear blade group of longitudinal axis and the axle concentric with longitudinal axis.In one embodiment, pipe comprises a plurality of helical grooves, and its leading edge from pipe begins and extend to the trailing edge of pipe, thus depression on the formation tube-surface external diameter and the projection on the tube-surface internal diameter.

Forward and backward blade rigid is attached to pipe and goes up also therewith rotation.In certain embodiments, forward and backward blade rotates on axle, and uses bearing so that minimise friction between axle and blade.Air guide sleeve can rigid attachment to axle, and can have a plurality of helical blades on its outer surface.Described axle can be rigid rod or hollow tubular, and is attached on the pylon that supports tubular rotor.In one embodiment, air guide sleeve holds power transmission system, and described power transmission system can comprise that speed increaser and generator are to produce electric power.In certain embodiments, afterbody is positioned at the back of tubular rotor and thereon attached, described afterbody by the guiding of fluid stream so that tubular rotor flow towards fluid.Described afterbody can have vertical plane parts and horizontal plane parts, and described parts are used to make tubular rotor to locate with trim and heel mode.

In certain embodiments, when flowing through tubular rotor, compressible fluid produces high pressure and area of low pressure.Tube fluid is along the direction identical with tubular rotor rotation, thereby radially flows out and press inner tube wall along the direction away from longitudinal axis, thereby produces the high-pressure area with respect to surrounding fluid pressure.The area of low pressure is formed on around the longitudinal axis, thereby with in the fluid suction pipe.Like this, the area of low pressure helps fluid to flow through from pipe.In addition, the fluid tangent line of fluid that enters tubular rotor is towards the outer surface of pipe, thereby produces the high-pressure area on the inside and outside surface of pipe.

In some cases, tubular rotor can trim (that is, in vertical plane up or down) and/or heel (that is, on horizontal plane from a side to opposite side) to obtain the beneficial effect that energization is produced.Air guide sleeve can be combined with helical blade, thereby described helical blade guiding fluid rotates along the direction identical with the tubular rotor sense of rotation, so that produce eddy current and energization production.In yet another aspect, air guide sleeve is suitable for rotating with the big speed difference of generation on generator along the direction opposite with tubular rotor, thus energization production.In yet another aspect, pipe is in open front place enlarging or become horn mouth so that enter flow maximization in the pipe.

In yet another aspect, the power transmission system of tubular rotor is combined with infinitely variable speed transmission (CVT), thereby when the liquid speed of for example air or water changes, makes generator keep constant substantially speed.CVT and can provide and makes generator owing to increase suddenly in the fluid stream between speed increaser and generator, for example the additional advantage of vibration damping under the situation of the moment of torsion sharp pulse that causes of fitful wind.The input of CVT is connected to the output of speed increaser, and the output of CVT is attached to the input of generator.In certain embodiments, speed increaser can be the type described in the open WO 2006/014617 of Patent Cooperation Treaty patent application.

In CVT is attached to some embodiments in the power transmission system, make CVT and generator integrated.This can realize that described ball-type CVT can be a U. S. Patent 6,241,636 by using ball-type CVT; 6,419,608; With 6,689, disclosed CVT embodiment in 012, above-mentioned document is incorporated herein by reference in full at this.Common fixed generator unit stator can be attached on the sun gear (or idle pulley, or supporting member) of CVT.Generator amature can be attached on the output ring of CVT, and with the direction rotation opposite with sun gear.This is at stator and produced big speed difference in the opposite direction between the rotor rotated, and has increased generator power density.Alternatively, integrated type CVT/ generator can be cancelled one or more levels of speed increaser.Integrated type CVT/ generator has been cancelled CVT is connected to axle and the coupling, two or more bearings of generator and centers on one of shell of CVT and generator.Equally, in permanent magnet generator, magnet can be attached on the same steel part of the output ring that forms CVT.

In others, if use the ball-type CVT that also plays the planetary gear set effect, CVT can also play the effect of generator, thereby can cancel generator.In this embodiment, the ball among the CVT (or motorized pulleys (power roller)) can be made by the magnetic material of for example hard ferrite pottery or neodymium ferro-boron.When the input ring of CVT rotates a plurality of balls, be attached to the magnetic pole that ball is remained on structural copper, aluminium or silver-colored line process ball on the appropriate location, thereby produce electric power.In addition, owing to rotate by bigger input ring than the ball of minor diameter, thereby realize big speedup.This speedup can be cancelled one or more levels of speed increaser.

In certain embodiments, fluid energy conversion device is configured to make front vane only to extract less energy from the fluid that enters tubular rotor.Like this, can be positioned at the front vane back, along reducing to minimum degree with the whirlpool of tubular rotor opposite direction rotation.Air guide sleeve can be suitable for fluid is reorientated along favourable direction, and rear blade extracts the energy of major part from fluid, and makes the fluid straightening with outlet pipe and import fluid stream again.This makes by reaching minimum with turbulent flow that the surrounding fluid that flows through or the fluid of adjacent tubular rotor mixes causes.In certain embodiments, air guide sleeve moves forward towards the front of tubular rotor, thereby makes whirlpool reduce the time minimization of direction rotation along energy.In other embodiments, air guide sleeve and power transmission system move towards the back of tubular rotor, thereby the contilever load that acts on the axle is minimized.

On the other hand, the axle that supports tubular rotor can be attached at two ends, and just is not attached at the back of tubular rotor.Tubular rotor can be positioned at the support top that supports and be positioned on the support substantially, and the U-shaped arm provides support the rear and front end of axle.Tubular rotor can heel, and carries out trim in certain embodiments so that the energy production maximization.

On the other hand, afterbody can depart from longitudinal axis to set Optimum Trim angle and Angle of Heel with respect to fluid stream.Therefore, the afterbody axis needn't be parallel with longitudinal axis.In certain embodiments, the change liquid speed increases or reduces to act on the pressure on the afterbody, thereby causes producing with the change of liquid speed the variation of trim and heel aspect.

In another embodiment, air guide sleeve is positioned the back of tubular rotor so that flow through the fluid stream maximization of pipe.Axle extends to the support back, and air guide sleeve is installed on the axle.Can cancel the helical blade of air guide sleeve, and air guide sleeve can be positioned to the weight of balance tubular rotor, thereby make the contilever load that acts on the axle minimize or eliminate.

Referring now to Fig. 1,2 and 3, shown an embodiment of fluid energy conversion device 100.Fluid energy conversion device 100 comprises rotor 1, Power Train 80, afterbody 60 and pylon 70.In one embodiment, rotor 1 can have pipe 10, front vane group 30, rear blade group 40, air guide sleeve 50 and axle 28.In certain embodiments, pipe 10 is generally cylindrical, and has the helical groove 11 that extends along the length of pipe 10.According to the strength-weight ratio of size and hope, pipe 10 can be made by for example thin-sheet metal, the composite material that comprises carbon fiber or glass fibre and polyester resin, plastics or any other suitable material.

In certain embodiments, the length diameter ratio of pipe 10 is about 1: 1, but this ratio can change according to application, can be about 1: 10 to about 10: 1.In fluid energy conversion device 100 energy-producing embodiments, helical groove 11 preferably is configured to collect the kinetic energy of the streaming flow of air for example or water, and the kinetic energy of collecting is converted to rotating mechanical energy.Make among the mobile embodiment of fluid at fluid energy conversion device 100, for example in compressor or pump, groove 11 preferably is suitable for guiding fluid to flow along the direction of hope.In certain embodiments, groove 11 can be configured to flowing of compressed fluid and/or accelerating fluid.As using herein, when the interaction between reference fluid or fluid stream and the helical groove 11 (or managing 10), term " collection " is meant by helical groove 11 or 10 resistances that provide is provided, wherein, described helical groove or pipe increase the Fluid Volume that enters pipe 10 and/or increase from the momentum transfer of fluid to pipe 10.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, the lip-deep helical groove 11 that is formed on pipe 10 is suitable for collecting or guiding the inside and outside lip-deep fluid that is positioned at pipe 10.Each outer grooves 12 has two outer walls 13, is dextrorotation or left-handed according to helical groove 11, and one of outer wall 13 is finished more energy than another outer wall 13 and collected or fluid motion.Similarly, each internal recess 16 has two inwalls 17, is dextrorotation or left-handed according to helical groove 11, and one of inwall 17 is finished more energy than another inwall 17 and collected or fluid motion.In certain embodiments, have and be formed on six helical grooves 11 of pipe on 10, and in other embodiments, on pipe 10, be formed with 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,18,24,27,30,36 or more a plurality of helical groove.In certain embodiments, the pitch of helical groove 11 is approximately 4 times of pipe 10 length, but according to managing 10 diameter and wishing rotational speed, in some high-speed applications, pitch can be less than the length of pipe, and in low-speed applications, pitch can be for managing more than 30 times of 10 length.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, in certain embodiments, the degree of depth of each helical groove 11 is about 13% of pipe 10 diameters.In other is used, the degree of depth of helical groove 11 can for manage 10 diameters more than 13% or below.Groove 11 is dark more, and the stress that produces on pipe 10 is big more, but the fluid of collection or guiding is also many more.According to rotational speed, diameter and the length of pipe 10, and according to fluid, the degree of depth of helical groove 11 can be for managing about 1-40% of 10 diameters.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, in certain embodiments, the angle that forms between two outer walls 13 of each helical groove 11 is about 30 degree.If this angle reduces, pipe 10 will have bigger outer tip end surface area 14, and fluid will more effectively be collected or guide to helical groove 11, but also will produce bigger stress on the surface of pipe 10.According to application, the angle between two relative outer walls 13 can be about 0-70 degree.In certain embodiments, outer tip end surface area 14 is about 1.25: 1 with the ratio in helical groove 11 zones.In other embodiments, outer tip end surface area 14 comprises the outer surface regions of about 10-90% of pipe 10.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, in certain embodiments, be to form radius on the surface of helical groove 11 on outer tip end surface 14 and external bottom end surface 15 in outer wall 13 transition, thereby reduce the stress that on these bights, produces.In certain embodiments, the radius at these places, bight is 2% of pipe 10 diameters.Increase this radius the stress that acts on the pipe 10 is reduced, but also reduced the fluid collection of outer wall 13 and inwall 17 or the size of guidance capability.According to application, the radius at these places, bight can arrive above 10% for managing 0% of 10 diameters.Should be noted that the radius at 14 places, outer tip end surface can be different from the radius at 15 places, external bottom end surface.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, front vane 30 and rear blade 40 are described.In certain embodiments, the number of the number of blade 30 and blade 40 is equal to the number of helical groove 11, but can use more or less front vane 30 and rear blade 40.In certain embodiments, front vane 30 and rear blade 40 are attached on the inner bottom surface 19.Blade 30,40 can utilize fastening piece to be attached on the pipe 10, and described fastening piece inserts the fastener hole 20 that is positioned on the external bottom end surface 15.Fastener hole 20 is a countersink in certain embodiments, makes thread screw to flush with external bottom end surface 15.Blade 30,40 has the blind tapped hole that forms on its top in certain embodiments, and described blind tapped hole radially extends towards preceding propeller boss 34 and back propeller boss 44 respectively.In other embodiments, blade 30,40 is by welding or utilizing tackiness agent to be fastened on the inner bottom surface 19.In other embodiments, one of blade 30,40 or both and pipe 10 integrally form.In certain embodiments, blade 30,40 utilizes said method to be attached on the inner tip surface 18 so that the maximization of the length of each blade 30,40.The length that increases blade 30,40 has increased their energy-producing abilities.In other embodiments, front vane 30 is attached on the inner bottom surface 19, and rear blade 40 is attached on the inner tip surface 18.In other embodiments, front vane 30 is attached on the inner tip surface 18, and rear blade 40 is attached on the inner bottom surface 19.In other embodiments, blade 30,40 is attached on the inwall 17 of harvest energy not or guiding fluid, and in other was used, blade 30,40 was attached on the inwall 17 of harvest energy or guiding fluid.In the embodiment of the number that outnumbers helical groove 11 of front vane 30 or rear blade 40, front vane 30 that replaces and/or rear blade 40 can be attached on inner tip surface 18 and inner bottom surface 19 or the inwall 17.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, in certain embodiments, blade 30,40 is by the material with high strength weight ratio, and for example carbon fiber or glass fibre and polyester or epoxy resin are made.In some applications, during for example low speed rotation was used, blade 30,40 can be made also welded together by the thin-sheet metal.The air wing of simple curve, hydrofoil or other fluid wing can be formed on the front vane of making the thin-sheet metal 30 and rear blade 40, and this is enough to satisfy many low-speed applications.In other embodiments, but blade 30,40 can by plastics or other moulding material is molded form.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, the air wing on the blade 30,40, hydrofoil or other fluid wing will change according to application.For many wind turbines, SG6040, NACA4412 or NACA 4415 are acceptable air wings, but also can use multiple different design.SD2030 is good selection for small-scale wind turbines.Should be noted that the different air wings can use on identical blade.For example, front vane 30 can use SG6040 near the vane tip place, is using SD2030 near preceding propeller boss 34 places.Can use NACA 4412 or another air wing near on front vane 32 position intermediate between propeller boss and the tip.According to application, rear blade 40 can use the entirely different air wing or air wing group.For example, in certain embodiments, front vane 30 extracts seldom to extracting energy hardly, and be configured to make wind from manage 10 the mind-set periphery move, and rear blade 40 extracts considerable energy, and leaves pipe at fluid this fluid is become directly.In wind turbine and water turbine, rear blade 40 can use than front vane 30 has the more high-lift air wing.Front vane 30 and the not same-action that rear blade 40 has need the different configurations of the fluid wing.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, Angle of Trim, string torsion angle (chordtwist), chord length and the tapering of blade 30,40 is discussed.In certain embodiments, the Angle of Trim of the bit point of front vane 30 is 30 degree, and the Angle of Trim of rear blade 40 is 20 degree.In certain embodiments, blade 30,40 has the string torsion angle of 20 degree respectively to propeller boss 34,44 from the tip of blade 30,40.For the maximum pneumatic efficiency or the efficient of surging, best string torsion angle will be driven by fluid energy with rpm (rpm), pipe 10 diameter, fluid, liquid speed and fluid energy conversion device 100 and fluid flowed become.The string torsion angle can be linear, still, if the string torsion angle is nonlinear and the rate of reversing increases towards the propeller boss or the bottom of blade 30,40, utilizes wind turbine and water turbine can obtain the small increase of power aspect usually.

In the application with high angular velocity, the Angle of Trim of blade 30,40 is less usually, approaching zero, can be negative value sometimes.For example, in having the wind turbine of high angular velocity, the Angle of Trim of front vane 30 can be 0 degree, and the Angle of Trim of rear blade 40 can be-10 degree.In the embodiment with low angular velocity and/or different fluid, the Angle of Trim of blade 30,40 can be greater than 60 degree.In certain embodiments, the Angle of Trim of blade 30,40 equates, and in other was used, the Angle of Trim of rear blade 40 was greater than the Angle of Trim of front vane 30.

In certain embodiments, the chord length of blade 30,40 is about 9% of pipe 10 diameters.Best chord length will be converted to energy of rotation with kinetic energy with diameter, liquid speed, fluid type, angular velocity and the fluid energy conversion device 100 of reynolds' number, pipe 10 still makes the variation of the mobile aspect of fluid become.In certain embodiments, the chord length on the rear blade 40 will be shorter than front vane 30, and in other embodiments, the chord length on the rear blade 40 will be longer than front vane 30.In certain embodiments, for example in order to reduce production costs, front vane 30 is identical with rear blade 40.In certain embodiments, in the past, back propeller boss 34,44 is to the tip of blade 30,40, the chord length of blade 30,40 shortens, and 10 degree perhaps tilt.In other embodiments, the chord length at propeller boss 34,44 places is longer, and has non-linear tapering towards the tip of blade 30,40.Usually, when using non-linear tapering, respectively, chord length increases gradually from the tip towards the centre of blade 30,40, and increases sharply towards propeller boss 34,44 from the centre of blade 30,40.

In certain embodiments, fluid energy conversion device 100 does not have tip loss, because the tip of blade 30,40 is connected to pipe 10 and is centered on by pipe 10, and manage some embodiments of 10 and have the advantage of this phenomenon by utilizing opposite tapering, wherein, respectively, chord length is the longest at the tip of blade 30,40, and reduces towards propeller boss 34,44.According to application, front vane 30 does not have identical tapering with rear blade 40, and rear blade 40 can have a tapering, and front vane 30 has opposite tapering.Become among the embodiment of convergent along equidirectional at blade 30,40, best taper angle can be different.In other embodiments, front vane 30 and rear blade 40 can not make chord length reduce gradually.This is for the manufacturing reason, for example acts on the stress on the blade 30,40, rather than the pneumatic or efficient of surging.Cost also is a factor, because in some applications, can make blade 30,40 more simply under the situation that chord length is reduced gradually.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, now air guide sleeve 50 will be described.Air guide sleeve 50 can be the common columniform streamline shape with hollow inside, and described hollow inside holds the Power Train 80 that comprises gear-box 82, high speed shaft 86 and motor/generator 88.In the embodiment that fluid energy conversion device 100 is collected energy in the streaming flow, for example in wind turbine or the water turbine, gear-box 82 can be speed increaser, and it makes, and the rpm that is delivered in the generator 88 increases, the moment of torsion of pipe 10 reduces.Fluid flows if fluid energy conversion device 100 is used to make, compressed fluid or speedup fluid and as compressor or pump operated, gear-box 82 can be the retarder that is driven by motor 88, and it makes, and the rpm that is delivered to pipe 10 reduces, moment of torsion increases.Gear-box 82 can utilize a plurality of gears, take off roll, stepless speed variator or any other suitable method realization speed increases or speed reduces ability.

In certain embodiments, air guide sleeve 50 is fixed components, and it is rigidly connected on the axle 28 by fastening piece, welding, interference fit or any other suitable method.Air guide sleeve 50 can be made by any suitable material, but usually, the material with high strength weight ratio is preferred.Can use carbon fiber, glass fibre and polyester or epoxy resin, for example metal of aluminium sheet, plastics or other made air guide sleeve 50.In certain embodiments, air guide sleeve 50 be combined with a plurality of helical blades 52 so that fluid along the guiding of the direction of hope.Helical blade 52 is usually by making with air guide sleeve 50 identical materials, and in certain embodiments with air guide sleeve 50 whole formation.For example, air guide sleeve 50 and helical blade 52 can castings, injection moulding or rapid shaping be parts.In other embodiments, helical blade 52 utilizes standard fasteners, tackiness agent or is attached on the air guide sleeve 50 by welding.

First end of air guide sleeve 50 can utilize standard fasteners, passes through welding or use the interference fit rigid attachment to preceding coupling 85.Preceding coupling 85 can be the tubular part that has flange on the end, and in certain embodiments, preceding coupling 85 has through hole, so that can use fastening piece that preceding coupling 85 is attached on the air guide sleeve 50.In certain embodiments, for the fore bearing 38 of needle bearing be positioned at before propeller boss 34 inside on the coupling 85 and before being positioned at, rotate thereby allow front vane 30 hang down friction.The second end of air guide sleeve 50 can be attached on the axle 28, and described axle can be a hollow cylinder, the structure of this hollow cylinder support rotor 1, and can make power line and other cable pass its inside.Axle 28 can utilize fastening piece, welding, interference fit or any other known method rigid attachment to air guide sleeve 50.In certain embodiments, for the rear bearing 48 of needle bearing can be positioned on the axle 28 and is positioned at propeller boss 44 inside, back, rotate thereby allow rear blade 40 hang down friction.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, the flow of energy of fluid energy conversion device 100 is described.The fluid energy of flow is converted in wind turbine, windmill, water turbine or other application of energy of rotation at fluid energy conversion device 100, is transferred to nose-cone 36 in certain embodiments by moment of torsion and speed with helical groove 11, front vane 30 and the generation of rear blade 40 fluid in contact.Nose-cone 36 can and utilize the standard fasteners rigid attachment to preceding propeller boss 34 for taper.In one embodiment, nose-cone 36 comprises the countersink that is suitable for receiving lower velocity shaft 84.In certain embodiments, the countersink of lower velocity shaft 84 and nose-cone 36 is a spline-like, thereby the torsion transmission between nose-cone 36 and the lower velocity shaft 84 is provided.In other embodiments, nose-cone 36 can have square hole, thereby keyed jointing, welds, utilizes fastening piece attached or utilize any other suitable method to be connected on the lower velocity shaft 84.Lower velocity shaft 84 can be common cylindrical bar, and this cylindrical bar engages and make its rotation with the input end of gear-box 82, and utilizes fastening piece or other proper method fastening.

Gear-box 82 is preferably pushed the speed and is reduced moment of torsion, and the output terminal of gear-box 82 can be attached on the high speed shaft 86, and the first end of described high speed shaft utilizes fastening piece, spline connection, keyed jointing, welding, pin joint or other method to be attached on the gear-box 82.High speed shaft 86 can be common cylindrical bar, and this cylindrical bar diameter in certain embodiments is less than the diameter of lower velocity shaft 84, and this is because the moment of torsion that high speed shaft 86 transmits still less.In certain embodiments, high speed shaft 86 has flange at the second end, and described flange has the hole and high speed shaft 86 is fastened on the generator 88 allowing.Generator 88 can be known Electric actuator, and it is converted to electric energy with rotating mechanical energy.In certain embodiments, generator 88 is a permanent-magnet type, utilization of power electric wire that generator 88 produces or cable enter afterbody main body 66 from generator 88, radial slit by hollow shaft 28, hollow shaft 28, by hinging hole 69 enter can electrification hollow pylon 70.At fluid energy conversion device 100 is that flow of energy is reverse among the embodiment of compressor or pump, and electric power makes motor 88 rotation, and used gear-box 82 is a retarder simultaneously.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,2 and 3, in certain embodiments, for example in wind turbine or the windmill, fluid energy conversion device 100 comprises afterbody 60, and it is configured to make rotor 1 to keep state down with the wind when change of the wind.In certain embodiments, afterbody 60 has four empennages 62, and in other embodiments, can use 1,2,3,4,5 or more a plurality of empennage 62.The tailing axle 64 that is generally cylindrical bar is connected to afterbody 60 on the afterbody main body 66.Preferably, the material with high strength weight ratio is used to construct afterbody 60 parts, and this material can be aluminium, titanium, carbon fiber, glass fibre and polyester or epoxy resin or plastics.In certain embodiments, empennage 62, tailing axle 64 and 66 castings of afterbody main body, injection moulding, rapid shaping or be machined to parts.

In certain embodiments, afterbody main body 66 has at least two chambers, comprises the chamber that receiving axes 28 inserts.Axle 28 can utilize fastening piece, welding, tackiness agent, interference fit or any other suitable method rigid attachment on afterbody main body 66.Afterbody main body 66 also has hinge pin hole 68 (as best image among Figure 13), and it has and axle 28 vertical axis, and is positioned at its upper support and has on the surperficial parallel plane of tower mount 72.Hinge pin hole 68 allows the hinge pin (not shown) to insert, and described hinge pin utilizes interference fit to be pressed in the afterbody main body 66.Second chamber in the afterbody main body 66 receives the insertion of hinge 67, and described hinge can be the connection set between afterbody main body 66 and the pylon 70, and hinge 67 allows rotor 1 trim and heel.

Hinge 67 can be robust parts, and in certain embodiments, these parts are made in steel or aluminum.Among and/or some embodiments that load is very light very little at fluid energy conversion device 100, hinge 67 can for example be filled with the glass of nylon, or composite material be made by molded plastic.Hinge 67 comprises countersink, and this countersink has the axis (referring to Figure 17 A, 17B) vertical with longitudinal axis 8, and its internal diameter is slightly larger than the diameter that the top of pylon 70 is partly located.In certain embodiments, for the pylon bearing 78 of needle thrust bearing has the roughly the same external diameter of diameter with the topmost part of pylon 70, and be positioned at the countersink inside of the hinge 67 between pylon 70 and hinge 67.Pylon bearing 78 provides the low friction heel of rotor 1.In one embodiment, hinge 67 has two blind holes in the position near its topmost part, inserts thereby allow to pass the hinge pin 65 that inserts in hinge pin hole 68.Hinge pin hole 68 preferably has the diameter that is slightly larger than hinge pin 65, thereby allows hinge pin 65 to rotate freely.In certain embodiments, do not use afterbody 60, the substitute is, known heel drive unit is used to control the heel of rotor 1, and keep rotor 1 with respect to the hope of fluid stream towards.

Referring now to Fig. 4,5A and 5B,, disclose and managed 10 manufacturing and assembly method.In some applications, for example in wind turbine and the windmill, some parts of fluid energy conversion device 100 are relatively large.It is difficult that the structure of pipe 10 and transportation become, and in certain embodiments, preferably by a plurality of pipeline sections 22 structure pipes 10, described pipeline section is assembled into pipe 10 at the scene.Usually, pipeline section 22 can comprise a part of helical groove 11, but in certain embodiments, pipeline section 22 can be in conjunction with the part of two or more helical grooves 11.

According to the size of fluid energy conversion device 100, the number of pipeline section 22 can be 2 to 36 or more.In certain embodiments, pipeline section 22 is the rectangular thin plate of arc, and it comprises the pipeline section edge 23 that stretches out and form the bight from the edge of pipeline section 22.Pipeline section edge 23 has half the thickness of wall thickness that is roughly pipeline section 22.Pipeline section edge 23 can have a plurality of internal thread edge holes 25, and bolt or screw (not shown) screw in the described edge hole.Each pipeline section 22 can have pipeline section otch 24, and this otch is the groove on the pipeline section 22 and has half the thickness of wall thickness that is roughly pipeline section 22.Pipeline section otch 24 can have the shape identical with pipeline section edge 23, makes pipeline section edge 23 can insert in the space that is formed by pipeline section otch 24.In one embodiment, pipeline section otch 24 has a plurality of incision hole 26, and this incision hole is aimed at one heart with edge hole 24 when two pipeline sections 22 are assembled together.In certain embodiments, incision hole 26 is a countersink, make flush bolt or screw when their screw in internal thread edge hole 25 with the flush of pipe 10.

The various energy extraction modes of fluid energy conversion device 100 will be described below theoretically.Enegrgy converter 100 and/or the actual performance of managing any given embodiment of 10 depend on many factors, therefore, hereinafter will be interpreted as summary, theoretic and/or be not limited to the embodiments of the invention of device described herein and using method thereof about the description of operating principle, but specify except.

Referring now to Fig. 1 and 6, to being described by managing 10 differential pressure action.Fig. 6 has shown the schematic representation of the pipe 10 in the streaming flow 112, and wherein the direction of streaming flow 112 is represented by arrow.When fluid 112 when pipe 10 rotations the time enter pipe 10, fluid 112 is by interacting beginning along the direction rotation identical with the sense of rotation of pipe 10 with the viscosity of helical groove 11, front vane 30 and rear blade 40.In the embodiment of for example wind turbine and windmill, when fluid 112 began to rotate, fluid 112 was subjected to action of centrifugal force and radially moves away from the center of pipe 10.The effect of this phenomenon is, forms high-pressure area 111 on the internal surface of pipe 10, forms area of low pressure 110 in the center of pipe 10.Area of low pressure 110 makes fluid 112 intake channels 10 so that quicken.When fluid 112 was air, can obtain energy increased with the relation of wind speed increment cube.

As an example, when rotor 1 rotation (for example, in the wind of 10 meter per seconds), area of low pressure 110 makes fluid 112 quicken to flow through pipe 10.If area of low pressure 110 make rotor 1 from around pipe 10 diameter than withdrawn fluid 112 zone of the diameter big 20% of pipe 10, the useful area of pipe 10 will increase 44%.This speed that causes flowing through the fluid 112 of pipe 10 increases by 44%, and the obtained energy in the fluid 112 will increase about 3 times.The increase that can obtain energy causes the angular velocity of rotor 1 to increase, thereby centrifugal force is increased.When the increase of centrifugal force forced fluid 112 more consumingly radially away from the center of pipe 10, the size of area of low pressure 110 increased.When area of low pressure 110 enlarged, the fluid 112 of flowing pipe 10 is speedup more promptly, can obtain the energy increase thereby make.When fluid energy conversion device 100 was used as wind turbine, this result caused more effective collection of energy.Should be noted that this phenomenon can also for example exist in compressor, propulsion device, pump and the water turbine in other application of fluid energy conversion device 100.

Still with reference to Fig. 1 and 6, when fluid 112 extracts, be subjected to the interactional influence of viscosity to the contiguous fluid 112 of the fluid 112 of intake channel 10 and from greater than the effective area by the diameter institute localized area of pipe 10 along similar path flow.As a result, fluid 112 is compressed on the outer surface of pipe 10, produces around the high-pressure area 113 of pipe 10.The lip-deep high-pressure area 111 and the high-pressure area 113 that are positioned at pipe 10 have increased the density that produces the fluid 112 of surface interaction with the energy of pipe 10, thereby the energy value that fluid energy conversion device 100 can be extracted further increases.When fluid energy conversion device 100 was used as wind turbine, this result caused more effective collection of energy.This phenomenon can also for example exist in compressor, propulsion device, pump and the water turbine in other application of fluid energy conversion device 100.

Still with reference to Fig. 1 and 6,, thereby produce the whirlpool that the moments of torsion that caused by pipe 10 are increased when fluid 112 beginnings of the inside of pipe 10 during along the direction rotation identical with the rotation of pipe 10.Under the situation of wind turbine, the energy of this increase can be used for making bigger generator to rotate, and perhaps increases the merit that windmill can be finished, for example more water of pumping under the situation of windmill.When fluid energy conversion device 100 was used as wind turbine, this result caused more effective collection of energy.This phenomenon can also for example exist in compressor, propulsion device, pump and the water turbine in other application of fluid energy conversion device 100.

With reference to Fig. 6,17A and 17B, the acceleration of flowing through pipe 10 inner fluids 112 on the boundary layer is described.Figure 17 A has described normal inner boundary layer 114 and the normal outside interlayer 115 that is caused by the fluid that flows through tube-surface.Figure 17 B has described the boundary layer in fluid energy conversion device 100 operation periods appearance.When being pressed against on the surface of pipe 10 when centrifugal forces affect fluid 112 and with fluid 112, high-pressure area 111 and high-pressure area 113 influence boundary layer 116,118.When fluid 112 flows through pipe 10 the time, produce boundary layer 116,118, it is usually from managing 10 front towards the back thickening, shown in Figure 17 A.But the hydrodynamic pressure 119 that fluid 112 presses pipe 10 surface reduces or prevents inner and outer boundary layer 116,118 thickening.This acts on pipe 10 the inner and outer surface also is the same.

In addition, high-pressure area 111,113 is from managing 10 front and strengthen rearwards and becoming big.This has produced the hydrodynamic pressure 119 of stable increase, and it is represented by arrow (perpendicular to longitudinal axis 8) in Figure 17 B.The length that arrow increases represents that hydrodynamic pressure 119 increases.Hydrodynamic pressure 119 influences boundary layer 116,118, prevents that boundary layer 116,118 from increasing rearwards from managing 10 front.In certain embodiments, when fluid 112 flowed rearwards from managing 10 front, high-pressure area 111,113 can make boundary layer 116,118 attenuation.Therefore, in certain embodiments, high-pressure area 111,113 makes boundary layer 116,118 keep laminar flow in pipe 10 length range, thereby prevents and/or reduce turbulent flow and the generation that separates.When fluid energy conversion device 100 was used as wind turbine, this result caused more effective collection of energy.This phenomenon can also for example exist in compressor, propulsion device, pump and the water turbine in other application of fluid energy conversion device 100.

With reference to Fig. 1,6,7,8,12 and 13, explain the trim influence of rotor 1.Rotor 1 in the vertical direction trim or inclination cause managing 10 inside and outside variation in pressure.If rotor 1 as Fig. 7,12 and 13 downward trims, forms outside top high-pressure area 120 on the outer surface at pipe 10 tops, on the internal surface of pipe 10 bottoms, form inside bottom high-pressure area 126.Be used for the embodiment of compressible fluid 112 at fluid energy conversion device 100, produce area of low pressure 110 when compressible fluid leaves pipe 10 rear portions, this is because effluent fluid 112 is lower than the density of peripheral outer fluid.In this case, the fluid 112 in the outside top high-pressure area 120 is 110 acceleration towards the area of low pressure, and have increased the obtained energy that fluid energy conversion device 100 can be collected.Inside top area of low pressure 124 is formed on the top inner surface of pipe 10, and this is to produce outside top high-pressure area 120 because flow to a part of fluid 112 deflections in this zone usually.Similarly, exterior bottom area of low pressure 122 is formed on the bottom outer surface of pipe 10, and this is to produce inside bottom high-pressure area 126 because flow to a part of fluid 112 deflections in this zone usually.In certain embodiments, rotor 1 downward trim 20 degree, but according to application, during normal running, can adopt the Angle of Trim of 1-30 degree.

With reference to Figure 12 and 13, the trim influence of description rotor 1 and helical groove 11 are with respect to the influence of fluid 112 towards change.Figure 12 has shown how fluid stream 112 contacts the side view of helical groove 11.Helical groove 11 is almost perpendicular to fluid stream 112, and move from managing the rearward-facing direction in 10 fronts substantially on the edge.If fluid 112 moves from managing 10 front quickly rearwards than helical groove 11, fluid 112 contacts also promote helical groove 11, the rotation of auxiliary tube 10.In this case, because fluid 112 passes to its part energy pipe 10 and lost speed, therefore produce high pressure.If helical groove 11 is from managing 10 the front travelling speed rearwards speed faster than fluid 112, fluid 112 can not sacrificed the energy that makes pipe 10 rotations, fluid 112 can not slow down, and low pressure is formed on first side of pipe 10, and manages 10 and can not assisted aspect its rotation.

With reference to Figure 13, shown how fluid stream 112 contacts second side view of helical groove 11.Helical groove 11 almost flows 112 parallelly with fluid, and moves along the direction perpendicular to fluid 112 substantially.On second side of pipe 10, helical groove 11 is positioned to make them can not collect too many energy from fluid 112.If manage 10 angular velocity obviously greater than the speed of fluid 112, fluid 112 acts on the helical groove 11 rotation with the pipe 10 that slows down.If manage the speed that 10 angular velocity is considerably slower than fluid 112, fluid 112 contacts also promote helical groove 11, and the rotation of auxiliary tube 10.When the Angle of Trim of rotor 1 was set, various factors began to work, and these factors comprise angle, fluid type, the angular velocity of pipe 10, the number of helical groove 11 and the shape of blade 30,40 of liquid speed, helical groove 11.

Referring now to Fig. 1,6,8 and 13, Fig. 8 has shown upwards about 20 degree of trim of rotor 1, thereby produces outside top area of low pressure 130 in the top outer of pipe 10.Similarly, inside bottom area of low pressure 136 is formed on the inside bottom of pipe 10.These areas of low pressure are formed at the inside top high-pressure area 134 on pipe 10 the inside top owing to fluid 112 deflections with generation and the exterior bottom high-pressure area 132 that is formed on the exterior bottom of pipe 10 forms.Outside top area of low pressure 130 and exterior bottom high-pressure area 132 produce lift, and this is favourable in certain embodiments.For example, in certain embodiments, preferably make rotor 1 light as far as possible, and when rotor 1 became weightless and floats along with rotor 1 updip, the position can change.Although about 20 degree of rotor 1 updip, in other embodiments, during normal running, Angle of Trim can change between the 1-30 degree.In certain embodiments, tailing axle 64 comprises the Angle of Trim of afterbody bending 63 to wish with respect to the mobile maintenance of fluid 112.In other embodiments, use the trim drive unit, it is similar with the heel drive unit, so that control the Angle of Trim of rotor 1.

With reference to Fig. 1,9,10,14 and 15, explain the heel influence of rotor 1.In Fig. 9 and 14, rotor 1 makes fluid 112 flow along the direction identical substantially with sense of rotation 144 along first direction heel 16 degree.Because helical groove 11 is positioned to make their almost mobile vertical with fluid 112, thus helical groove 11 when helical groove 11 rotations along moving from managing 10 front direction rearwards.If helical groove 11 is the same fast with the speed of fluid 112 at least from the speed of managing 10 front and moving rearwards, then produce area of low pressure 140 at the top of pipe 10.Along this heel direction, the area of low pressure, top 140 that is positioned at pipe 10 tops produces lift.Similarly, because helical groove 11 moves along the direction different with fluid 112, therefore form high-pressure area 142, bottom in the bottom of pipe 10.This same lift that rotor 1 is lightened that produces, in certain embodiments, rotor 1 can be made lta by utilizing this lift mechanism.In certain embodiments, tailing axle 64 comprise afterbody crooked 63 so that the heel of rotor 1 with respect to fluid 112 keep wishing towards.Although in this embodiment, rotor 1 is along first direction heel 16 degree, and in other embodiments, during normal running, Angle of Heel can change between the 1-30 degree.

Still with reference to Fig. 1,9,10,14 and 15, in Figure 10 and 15, rotor 1 is along opposite (or second) direction heel.Along this heel direction, if helical groove 11 more promptly moves than following fluid 112 rearwards from managing 10 front, then top high-voltage zone 150 is formed on the top of pipe 10, area of low pressure 152, bottom is formed on pipe 10 bottom (promptly, when helical groove 11 from managing 10 front when more mobile slowlyer than the speed of fluid 112 rearwards, the height pressure in contrast).In this case, sense of rotation 154 causes the parts of helical groove 11 to overcome being positioned at the fluid 112 at pipe 10 tops to move and moves with the fluid 112 that is positioned at pipe 10 bottoms substantially.In the embodiment that compressible fluid 112 uses, produce area of low pressure 110 at fluid energy conversion device 100 when compressible fluid leaves the back of pipe 10, this is because effluent fluid 112 has the density lower than ambient gas.In this case, top high-voltage zone 150 causes wind 112 110 acceleration towards the area of low pressure, and has increased the obtained energy that fluid energy conversion device 100 can be collected.In certain embodiments, rotor 1 is spent along second direction heel 16, and in other embodiments, rotor 1 heel 1-30 degree.

Referring now to Figure 11, rotor 1 have a down dip 15 degree and heel 14 degree, thus make the pressure reduction maximization that can produce.According to application, the Angle of Trim of rotor 1 can change between the 1-30 degree, and Angle of Heel can change between the 1-30 degree.The combination results of rotor heel and trim is positioned at the heel-trim high-pressure area 160 at pipe 10 tops and is positioned at the heel-trim area of low pressure 162 of managing below 10.In one embodiment, helical groove 11 so forms, and makes them have left hand direction, and the sense of rotation 164 of rotor 1 is a clockwise direction when observing in front.When helical groove 11 dextrorotation, rotor 1 have a down dip, produce during along the first direction heel identical pressure reduction.When helical groove 11 during along left hand direction, rotor 1 updip and along the first direction heel, the top of pipe 10 is opposite with the pressure reduction on the bottom, and produces low pressure at the top, generation high pressure below pipe 10.Usually, when rotor 1 trim and heel so that during the pressure reduction that can produce maximization, situation when the Angle of Trim of rotor 1 will simultaneously heel not take place less than only carrying out trim, and the situation of the Angle of Heel of rotor 1 when will simultaneously trim not take place less than only heel taking place.

In certain embodiments, more firm than the structure of wind energy collecting technology commonly used because the structure of rotor 1 can be configured to for example in the wind turbine, rotor 1 can be in greater than prior art uses under the situation of wind speed.Under high wind speed, pipe 10 can heel or trim surpass normal running situation down, manage 10 wind flow thereby reduce to enter, make fluid energy conversion device 100 still can under the situation of not damaging generator 88, turn round.

Referring now to Fig. 1,16A and 16B, fluid 112 flowing on air guide sleeve 50 and on every side described.In one embodiment, air guide sleeve 50 so disposes, thus by air guide sleeve blade 52 being configured to desirable shape and position along 112 channeling conducts of preferential direction convection cell.In certain embodiments, air guide sleeve blade 52 has the spiral opposite with the spiral of helical groove 11.For example, if helical groove 11 is left-handed, air guide sleeve blade 52 will be dextrorotation, thereby guiding fluid 112 flows and rotation along the direction identical with the rotation of pipe 10, shown in Figure 16 B.Air guide sleeve blade 52 can also be configured to guide fluid 112 radially away from the center of pipe 10, shown in Figure 16 B, thereby increases area of low pressure 110, and increases outer high-pressure area 111 and inner high voltage zone 113.In certain embodiments, the Angle of Trim of air guide sleeve blade 52 is less than the Angle of Trim of helical groove 11, but according to application, the Angle of Trim of air guide sleeve blade 52 can be equal to or greater than the Angle of Trim of helical groove 11.In certain embodiments, the number of air guide sleeve blade 52 equals the number of helical groove 11, but the number of air guide sleeve blade 52 can be greater or less than the number of helical groove 11.

With reference to Figure 18, optional fluid energy conversion device 200 is disclosed.For simple and clear purpose, the difference between fluid energy conversion device 200 and the fluid energy conversion device 100 is only described.In one embodiment, fluid energy conversion device 200 does not have afterbody 60 or tailing axle 64, but is combined with known heel drive unit (not shown).U-shaped hinge 270 is assembled to the top of pylon 70, thereby the heel or the trim of rotor 1 are provided.U-shaped hinge 270 can have cylindrical hole, and it is assemblied on the top of pylon bearing 78, and the low friction heel of rotor 1 is provided.Utilize known heel drive unit to finish heel.In one embodiment, U-shaped hinge 270 is the high strength rigid element, and it is made by for example material of aluminium, steel, carbon fiber, the glass fibre with polyester or epoxy resin or any other suitable material.U-shaped hinge 270 has the slit with two through holes, and U-shaped pin 272 for example utilizes interference fit to insert in the described through hole.U-shaped plate 274 has the through hole that wherein inserts U-shaped pin 272, described U-shaped plate in certain embodiments rigid attachment in the U-shaped arm 276 in the heart.U-shaped pin 272 guarantees that rotor 1 utilizes trim drive unit (not shown) to carry out trim, and described trim drive unit is similar to known heel drive unit.U-shaped arm 276 is generally U-shaped, tubulose in certain embodiments, and is configured to support rotor 1 and provides front and back support to eliminate the contilever load that rotor 1 produces.When using with wind turbine and windmill, have under the situation of higher wind, U-shaped arm 276 can promote the height of rotor 1.In other embodiments, U-shaped arm 276 is V-arrangement or has square-wave form.In one embodiment, U-shaped carriage 280 rigid attachment to the top of each end of U-shaped arm 276, described U-shaped carriage in certain embodiments by the high-strength material of for example steel or aluminium make, can be for U-shaped and be configured to receive the insertion of U-shaped axle 278.U-shaped axle clamp 282 utilizes on each of standard fasteners rigid attachment to two a U-shaped carriage 280, and the simplification assembling of U-shaped axle 278 is provided and goes up in position U-shaped axle 278 is fixing.

Referring now to Fig. 3 and 19, optional fluid energy conversion device 300 has been described.Fluid energy conversion device 300 comprises air guide sleeve 50, and it moves to the back of pylon 70 from managing 10 inside.Air guide sleeve 50 is very heavy in certain embodiments, and this is because air guide sleeve 50 holds dynamical system 80.The weight of air guide sleeve 50 can be configured to the contilever load that balance is produced by rotor 1.In certain embodiments, air guide sleeve 50 being moved to pylon 70 back helps fluid 112 to flow through pipe 10.Lower velocity shaft 84 prolong and from nose-cone 36 pass hollow shaft 28 the center, pass afterbody main body 66 and extend.Air guide sleeve 50 is attached in the afterbody main body 66, makes lower velocity shaft 84 can be attached on the gear-box 82.The cable (not shown) is drawn from generator 88, guides gear-box 82 in the inside of air guide sleeve 50.In one embodiment, the diameter of gear-box 82 is slightly less than the diameter of air guide sleeve 50, makes cable can be installed between the internal diameter of the external diameter of gear-box 82 and air guide sleeve 50.

With reference to Figure 20, in one embodiment, air guide sleeve 50 can comprise infinitely variable speed transmission (CVT) 89, and it can be held in place in the dynamical system 80 between gear-box 82 and the generator 88.In certain embodiments, the inside of air guide sleeve 50 can comprise the housing of CVT 89.In other embodiments, the housing (not shown) rigid attachment of CVT 89 is to air guide sleeve 50.The input of CVT 89 can utilize spline, key, fastening piece, pin or any other suitable mode to be connected on the high speed shaft 86.In one embodiment, the output of CVT 89 can utilize fastening piece to be connected on the generator 88, and described fastening piece inserts the through hole on the flange that is arranged in generator 88 and screws in tapped hole in the output that is arranged in CVT 89.Even when the velocity variations of fluid 112, also can be by when the speed of fluid 112 is low, increasing the input rotational speed and by when the speed of fluid 112 is higher, reducing to import rotational speed, thus make 89 pairs of generators 88 of CVT that constant input speed is provided.

With reference to Fig. 3 and 21, reverse air guide sleeve 50 is disclosed.Air guide sleeve 50 can rigid attachment to axle 28, and the external diameter of axle 28 can be configured to be installed in the first air guide sleeve bearing 94 and the second air guide sleeve bearing 96.In certain embodiments, air guide sleeve bearing 94,96 is positioned in the internal diameter of afterbody main body 66 by interference fit, but air guide sleeve bearing 94,96 can also utilize tackiness agent, adjusting screw or any other suitable mode attached.Air guide sleeve bearing 94,96 allows to hang down between axle 28 and the afterbody main body 66 the friction relative rotary motion.When in fluid 112 intake channels 10, fluid 112 contact front vanes 32, after front vane 32 extracted a part of kinetic energy of fluids 112, fluid 112 beginnings were along the direction rotation opposite with front vane 32 rotations.Fluid 112 contacts helical blade 52 subsequently, and causes air guide sleeve 50 along the direction rotation opposite with the sense of rotation of front vane 32 and pipe 10.In certain embodiments, the stator (not shown) of generator 88 can be attached on the internal diameter of air guide sleeve 50, makes the stator edge direction opposite with the sense of rotation of the rotor (not shown) of generator 88 rotate.High speed shaft 86 makes the rotor rotation of generator 88.This structure causes the stator of generator 88 and the big speed difference between the rotor, thereby increases the relative velocity of generator 88 and the energy that generator 88 produces.Slip ring or rotated conductors (not shown) can and enter between the non-rotating power main of pylon 70 at the rotation power main that leaves generator 88 and use.

Referring now to Fig. 1,4 and 22A, disclose and managed 10 optional manufacture method.Figure 22 A is that arcuate member 180 identical substantially by three, total length is made the exploded view of the pipe 10 that forms.In one embodiment, arcuate member 180 has the arc of 120 degree or 1/3rd circles; Therefore, three arcuate members 180 are formed the whole girth and the area of pipe 10 from the leading edge to the trailing edge.In certain embodiments, arcuate member 180 still also can use other material by making with pipe 10 identical materials shown in Figure 4.In certain embodiments, use more or less arcuate member 180, it has the arc between the 10-180 degree.Arcuate member 180 comprises a plurality of fastener holes 182, and it is designed to hold the thread screw (not shown) of inserting via the external bottom end surface 15 of arcuate member 180 in certain embodiments.Arc band 184 is used to make single arcuate member 180 to be connected to each other.In certain embodiments, the number of arc band 184 equals the number of helical groove 11, but also can use more or less arc band 184.Arc band 184 can be attached on the inner bottom surface 19 of arcuate member 180.In certain embodiments, each arc band 184 be shaped as T shape, but can be configured to curve to collect fluid 112.Each arc band 184 can have at least one fastener hole 186, but can use 2,3,4,5,6 or more a plurality of fastener hole 186 in certain embodiments.In certain embodiments, each arcuate member 180 has four fastener holes 182 and is attached on four arc bands 184; But in other was used, each arcuate member can be attached on more or less arc band 184, and has more or less fastener hole 182.In certain embodiments, thread screw inserts by arc band hole 186.Each arc band 184 has at least one arc band slit 188, and front vane group 30, rear blade group 40 or other parts can be attached on the described arc band slit.In certain embodiments, fastener hole 186 stretches in the arc band slit 188, and thread screw inserts in arcuate member 180, the fastener hole 186 and screws in the tapped hole on the blade 30,40.In certain embodiments, have the arc band 184 that doubles arcuate member 180, each arc band 184 is attached on two arcuate members 180.Arc band 184 is in certain embodiments by inflexible rigid material, and for example carbon fiber, the glass fibre with epoxy resin or polyester resin or other composite material are made.In other embodiments, arc band 184 is made by aluminium, steel or titanium, but also can use for example other material of plastics.

With reference to Fig. 1,4 and 22B, another optional method of making pipe 10 is disclosed.The a plurality of helical members 190 of pipe 10 that begin to extend to trailing edge from leading edge are identical substantially, and can be connected to each other to form pipe 10.In certain embodiments, helical member 190 does not reach pipe 10 total length, but form pipe 10 length 1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5,1/6 or still less.Helical member 190 can have side 191, and its external bottom end surface 15 along helical groove 11 forms.Side 191 contacts with each other to form pipe 10.In certain embodiments, the number that centers on the helical member 190 of pipe 10 radial locations equals the number of helical groove 11, and in other embodiments, helical member 190 can comprise plural helical groove 11.Near side 191, form a plurality of fastener holes 192.In certain embodiments, the fastening piece of the thread screw external bottom end surface 15 of inserting helical member 190 for example.In certain embodiments, fastener hole 192 is a countersink, if make to use thread screw, screw head will with the flush of helical member 190.In certain embodiments, a plurality of spiral bands 194 can be used for making helical member 190 to be connected to each other.Spiral band 194 is similar to arc band 184 in some aspects, and has T shape profile in certain embodiments, but also can use other shape of I shape for example or flat profile.Spiral band 194 is in certain embodiments by inflexible rigid material, and for example carbon fiber, the glass fibre with epoxy resin or polyester resin or other composite material are made.In other embodiments, spiral band 194 is made by aluminium, steel or titanium, but also can use for example other material of plastics.On spiral band 194, can form a plurality of spiral bands hole 196.In certain embodiments, a part of spiral band hole 196 is a tapped hole, and other hole is a chip-removal hole, makes thread screw can insert in the spiral band 194, and screws in the screw thread radial hole at the tip that is arranged in blade 30,40.In other embodiments, short thread screw screw-in has in the spiral band hole 196 of internal thread.In certain embodiments, the length of spiral band 194 extension tubes 10, and in other embodiments, spiral band 194 can for manage 10 length 1/2,1/3,1/4 or still less.

Referring now to Figure 23, optional fluid energy conversion device 350 is disclosed.Fluid energy conversion device 350 can have the pipe 360 of belt variable helical groove 351.Variable helical groove 351 begins with less helix angle in certain embodiments, and this helix angle increases rearwards from managing 360 front.In certain embodiments, the helix angle of managing 360 back is about 185% for the helix angle of pipe 360 fronts, but according to application, manage 360 back helix angle can for the helix angle of managing 360 fronts 200%, 300% or above or less than 185%.In the application of for example wind turbine, windmill, waterwheel or water turbine, this can make fluid 112 flow through 360 o'clock collection of energy optimization of pipe.But in other was used, for example when fluid energy conversion device 350 was used as pump or compressor, variable helical groove 351 can be from bigger helix angle, and described helix angle diminishes gradually.

Referring now to Figure 24, another optional fluid energy conversion device 390 is disclosed.Fluid energy conversion device 390 can have the pipe 392 of band horn mouth 394, thereby makes the quantity of the fluid 112 that flows through pipe 392 reach maximum.In certain embodiments, the quantity of the fluid 112 of increase pipe 392 inside has increased the energy density of managing in 10.The mouth that opens of horn mouth 394 is collected a more fluid 112, and in some application that relate to compressible fluid 112, extra fluid 112 can increase the pressure of high-pressure area 111, thereby improves the efficient of fluid energy conversion device 390.In certain embodiments, the radius of curve that forms horn mouth 394 about 40% for pipe 10 radiuses still, in other embodiments, can adopt greater or lesser radius.In certain embodiments, the diameter of horn mouth 394 is bigger by 5% than the diameter of the remaining part of pipe 392, but in other embodiments, described diameter is than the big 1-30% of diameter of the remaining part of pipe 392.

Referring now to Figure 25, optionally wind turbine system 2500 can comprise rotor 2510, and described rotor forms the shell of system 2500.Rotor 2510 surrounds center main 2520 usually.This embodiment's center main 2520 can be configured to compress air intake with the wind speed in the increase turbo machine, thus total wind energy collecting performance of raising system 2500.In certain embodiments, center main 2520 is fixed.In the embodiment shown, rotor 2510 is connected on the live axle (not shown) by spoke 2530, described live axle (for example passes to energy transfer arrangement with the energy of rotation of rotor 2510, infinitely variable speed transmission 3020), thus will pass to for example generator 3030 (referring to Figure 30) by the energy of rotation that rotor 2510 receives effectively from wind.

Referring now to Figure 25,27 and 28, in certain embodiments, rotor 2510 is cylindrical tube solid, common.In certain embodiments, one or more spiral protrusions or blade 2540 are along the internal surface longitudinal extension of rotor 2510.In certain embodiments, for example shown in Figure 27 and 28, rotor 2510 is made by identical parts 2710, described parts connect to form Duan Huan (section ring) 2700, and described section ring is attached to one another in suitable angular alignment mode subsequently and has the hollow tubular rotor 2510 of the repetition form of blade 2540 with formation.Each parts 2710 comprises central boss 2720, and it is formed for the blade-section that increases gradually of parts 2710.Form rotor 2510 by modular organization and have several advantages.That is, these modular components 2710 are compared with macrotype tubular rotor 2510 and are easy to transportation, because they can pile up and pack thick and fast.In addition, the use of these modular members 2710 has also reduced manufacturing and warehouse cost.Described parts can utilize any method known in the art to tighten together, and described method comprises machanical fastener, epoxy resin, gluing interlocking structure or other method or structure.In other embodiments, rotor 2510 can be formed by single integrated part.

Referring now to Figure 25,26A, 26B and 29, shown an embodiment of main body 2520, the guiding of described main body is to the almost inoperative air of blade 2540 towards the rotor 2510 of the internal surface of rotor 2510, thereby increases near the relative pressure the rotor 2510.Therefore, when air enters turbine system 2500, be pressed in the less zone equally with the air of equal number, pressure begins to increase.For the given mass air flow rate that flows through turbo machine 2500, the air velocity that flows through turbine system 2500 increases, thereby has increased kinetic energy.Because kinetic energy offers rotor 2510 from air, the kinetic energy that is caused by the shape of main body 2520 increases and causes turbine system 2500 performance on the whole to improve.Illustrated embodiment has shown that the cross-section area of main body 2520 increases along the length of main body 2520 is linear relatively, thereby produces the main body 2520 of common taper.But, also can use non-linear shape to realize along the various compressions and the expansion curve of the length of main body 2520.For example, towards the back, cross-section area can reduce speed, increase when increasing speed or variable speed from the front of main body 2520.

And, in certain embodiments, turbine system 2500 can so design, make air flow into from the other end of rotor 2510, make main body 2520 at the rapid pressurized air of input end, when air flow through the tapered diameter of cone body 2520, air pressure reduced, thereby increased the total air flow that flows through turbine system 2500.

Still shown in Figure 25,26A, 26B and 29, center main 2520 can comprise the one or more helical blades 2550 along its outer surface, the speed of portion of air provides rotational component so that give at least, thereby improves kinetic energy sends rotor 2510 to from air efficient.In certain embodiments, the angle of the respective regions of the blade 2550 of the specific part of air bump rotor 2510 can influence the size that described air kinetic energy partly passes to rotor 2510.This angle is optimized in certain embodiments, thereby makes the energy maximization that sends rotor to that consumes air together with finding time from turbine system 2500.

Referring now to Figure 30, in certain embodiments, center main 2520 is held one or more energy transportation and transfer member.In the embodiment shown, parts comprise fixed than drive unit 3010, infinitely variable speed transmission 3020 (CVT), generator 3030 and power transmission line 3040.Fixed can be raising speed gear train or rolling traction planetary pinion than drive unit 3010.CVT 3020 can be an any kind as known in the art, and can be designed to change the rotational speed of transmission shaft 3050, generates electricity with optimization and simplification thereby can control the speed that inputs to generator 3030.CVT 3020 can be any speed change gear that can produce this rotational speed difference, for example above introduces those devices of describing in the patent application.

In certain embodiments, use CVT 3020 has reduced the needs to power electronics devices known in the wind-power electricity generation industry, described power electronics devices makes the output characteristics that is converted to hope by the electric energy of generator 3030 generations of turning round with different rotation rates, for example frequency of Xi Wanging.Some embodiments of main body 2520 comprise that also the energy of rotation that will change passes to for example other transfer member or the system of the generator of type known in the art.The CVT 3020 of illustrated embodiment can also or fully phase out in other embodiments by typical automatic transmission replacement.CVT3030 can be controlled by electronically controlled motor, perhaps in other embodiments, and can be by the rotating speed control of rotor 2510.For example, counterweight can be placed on and be connected to the control mechanism that is used for CVT 3020 in the spoke 2530 and by heaving pile, make centripetal force produce by counterweight, it can change with the rotational speed of rotor 2510, and increases or reduce CVT 3020 output speeds and carry so that optimize the electric power of generator 3030.In certain embodiments, all positioning parts in the main body 2520 are on ground, and the one or more train of gearings of axle (not shown) by for example helical gear (not shown) send energy of rotation to ground.Although illustrated embodiment has shown power transmission line 3040 and left main body 2520 from the front, should be appreciated that these power transmission lines 3040 can leave main body from any position and also can be electronic contact.

Referring again to Figure 25 and 29, the front cone that is positioned on center main 2520 inlet sides can also comprise retractable air flap group (not shown).Under low speed, air flap keeps flushing substantially with the cone surface.When wind speed increased, CVT 3020, generator 3030 or other dirivig member arrived specific velocity ratio setting value, and air flap begins to lift with limit air from the surface and flows through turbine system 2500.In certain embodiments, when the wind-force maximum and when the typical wind generator must be shut down, these bullas can limit air-flow effectively and generate electricity during heavy storm with permission.In certain embodiments, bulla is controlled by the centrifugal force of spoke 2530 or by electronic controller together with CVT3020.Bulla for example can flexibly keep smooth by spring under the low speed situation, perhaps can force control by direct control and navigation system as mechanism conventionally known to one of skill in the art.The various controls and the navigation system of this function of realization known in the art, and they can use with this embodiment.

Referring again to Figure 25 and 26A, the diagram main body comprises turbine system 2500 is supported on common vertical rack 2505 on the installation surface, is ground for example in certain embodiments, so that realize favourable wind regime.Shown in support 2505 be standpipe, still, can use the support of any kind.And in the embodiment shown, support 2505 is attached to the front portion of main body 2520, and in certain embodiments, rear portion or afterbody that support 2505 is attached to main body provide the resistance that reduces with permission to the air that enters turbine system 2500.Some embodiments' turbine device 2500 rotations are connected on the base 2505 with the rotation down with the wind of permission system.In this embodiment, turbine system 2500 towards direction by navigation system control as related domain or for example astronomical other field known system.

Referring now to Figure 31, in certain embodiments, turbine system 2500 comprises the afterbody 3110 on the outlet side that is positioned at center main 2530.The afterbody 3110 of illustrated embodiment has and reduces the resistance of shape with the air that reduces to leave turbo machine, thereby improves the total air flow that flows through turbine system 2500.In addition, afterbody shown in 3110 comprises the vertical part 3120 of the faces direction that is used for stablizing turbine system 2500.In addition, illustrated embodiment comprises the rudder 3130 that can be used for guiding turbine device 2500.Rudder 3130 can be configured to and makes wind turbine system 2500 to be not parallel to the direction rotation of wind direction slightly, makes a part of wind produce lift and leaves its bearing at least in part to allow rotor 2510.When a part of component of wind impinged upon the cylinder sides of rotating in the wind, the bottom rotated against the wind or down with the wind, and the top rotates away from wind, and cylinder lifts.That is to say,, thereby raise the efficiency by reducing loss if wind turbine system 2500 at least in part along with the rotation of the uneven correct direction of wind direction the time, can utilize a part of accidental wind energy to reduce load on the bearing.This principle can advantageously be used, thereby when system's entry into service, more easily makes turbine rotor 2510 reach its steady state speed.In addition, on the bearing weight reduce trend towards reducing wear.Some embodiments that comprise the system 2500 of this lift fully tilt for not parallel with wind direction, thereby produce lift, still fully are parallel to wind direction simultaneously, so that keep the efficient relevant with wind-force.With reference to Figure 26 A and 31, rotor 2510 is extensible in certain embodiments to be the diffusion section that centers on afterbody 3110 at least partially or completely.

Referring now to Figure 32,33 and 34, another embodiment of wind turbine system 3200 has been described.Rotor 2510 is attached on the rotor shaft 3260, and described rotor shaft is by metal, carbon fiber, glass fibre or the made common tubular part of any other material as known in the art.The hollow cartridge of rotor shaft 3260 allows power transmission line and wind turbine system 3200 required being used to are generated electricity, drawn water or any other parts and the material of other purposes pass through.First end of rotor shaft 3260 is attached on the preceding propeller boss 3290 (referring to Figure 34,37) of the front center part office that is positioned at rotor 2510.In one embodiment, rotor shaft 3260 is for fixing and do not rotate.Second end of rotor shaft 3260 is attached on the swivel joint 3240.The swivel joint of being made by the high strength rigid material of for example steel 3240 allows rotors 2510 vertically to tilt along vertical plane up and down.Swivel joint 3240 is contained in the rotary support 3250, and described rotary support is made by high strength, rigidity and (in one embodiment) lightweight material, and described material for example is carbon fiber or other composite material.Rotary support 3250 pivots on support 2505 to allow wind turbine system 3200 to rotatablely move on horizontal plane in response to wind direction changes.Bearing (not shown) used in the art can be applied between rotary support 3250 and the support 2505, thereby will reduce to minimum in the friction during rotatablely moving on the horizontal plane.Tailing axle 3220 also is attached on the swivel joint 3240, and described tailing axle can have arbitrary shape, but is common cylindrical bar or the pipe of being made by metal, composite material or any other material well known in the art in the illustrated embodiment.First end of tailing axle 3220 is attached on the swivel joint 3240, and second end is attached on the afterbody 3210, and does not rotate in one embodiment.Afterbody 3210 is designed so that rotor 2510 carries out vertically and horizontal location with respect to wind.In one embodiment, afterbody 3210 is formed by four common smooth planar sections structures, and described part is high strength and rigidity.In four parts two vertically are positioned on the vertical plane with the dead in line of tailing axle 3220, and are used to make rotor 2510 horizontal location.In addition two part of horizontal are positioned on the horizontal plane with the dead in line of tailing axle 3220, and are used to make rotor 2510 vertically to locate.

With reference to Figure 32, wind turbine system 3200 is designed to by the wind speed that increases rotor 2510 over top rotor 2510 be produced lift.Rotor 2510 is downward-sloping vertically, and the feasible front portion that facings the wind rotor 2510 partly as rotor 2510 is lower than the rear portion of rotor 2510.On the base of rotor 2510 sensing downwards and support 2505 anchorings.This has produced the front upper place of wind bump rotor 2510 before the front lower place of bump rotor 2510.The distance that line segment A demonstrates from the front lower place of rotor 2510 to the rear portion of rotor 2510 is shorter than line segment B, and line segment B is to the distance at the rear portion of rotor 2510 from the front upper place of rotor 2510.Because wind must be fluidly farther to arrive the rear portion of rotor 2510, wind will flow quickly in the over top of rotor 2510, thereby produces area of low pressure and lift.This lift reduces the weight of rotor 2510 effectively, increases its rotational speed.Still with reference to Figure 32, near the angle C at Figure 32 center the angular distance between the axis of the axis of tailing axle 3220 on the vertical plane and rotor shaft 3260, the axis of described tailing axle is parallel with wind direction usually.Under the situation of not sacrificing the wind that flows through rotor 2510, angle C makes the lift that is produced by the lowpressure that is positioned on rotor 2510 tops reach maximum.If angle C is too big, will stop wind to enter rotor 2510, and the rotational speed of rotor 2510 will reduce.If angle C is too little, then can not produce the rotational speed optimization that enough lift makes rotor 2510.The optimum value of angle C becomes with the rpm of wind speed, rotor 2510, the design of rotor 2510 and the size of wind turbine system 3200.In one embodiment, angle C is 15 degree, but this angle can be the 1-30 degree according to using.

Referring now to Figure 33, wind turbine system 3200 also is designed to by the wind speed that increases rotor 2510 over top rotor 2510 be produced lift.Rotor 2510 horizontal tilt on horizontal plane makes wind with the front portion of angle D bump rotor 2510, and described angle D is the angular distance between the axis of the axis of tailing axle 3220 and rotor shaft 3260 on the horizontal plane, and the axis of described tailing axle is parallel with wind direction usually.When observing from the front, the rotor 2510 in the wind turbine system 3200 is designed to rotate in the counterclockwise direction.When rotor 2510 rotated in the counterclockwise direction, when observing from the front, described rotor tilted to the left.On the contrary, in other embodiment that rotor is rotated in a clockwise direction, when observing from the front, described rotor will tilt to the right.The bottom that makes rotor 2510 horizontal tilts cause wind to clash into rotor 2510 to a certain extent, thus move along the direction opposite with the rotation of rotor 2510, and the wind speed of the below, bottom of rotor 2510 is reduced.Simultaneously, flow along the direction identical to a certain extent at the mobile wind of the over top of rotor 2510 with the rotation of rotor 2510.This produces low pressure above rotor 2510, thereby produces lift.This lift makes rotor 2510 lighten effectively, thereby it can be rotated quickly.Angle D too senior general reduces the air quantity that flows into rotor 2510, reduces the rotational speed of rotor 2510.Angle D too young pathbreaker can not obtain the largest benefit of the lift that can produce.Angle D in the wind turbine system 3200 is 15 degree, but according to application, described angle can be the 1-30 degree.

Referring now to Figure 34,37 and 38, front and back vane group 3265,3270 is attached to rotor 2510 respectively on the propeller boss 3290,3292 of front and back.In one embodiment, the lobe numbers before and after each in the vane group 3265,3270 is 6, but this number can be 2-20 or more.With reference to Figure 37, in one embodiment, front vane 3265 skims over forward when its radially outward moves, thereby strengthens the structure of rotor 2510, and bending is minimized.With reference to Figure 38, rear blade skims over when its radially outward moves backward, strengthens the structure of rotor 2510 equally and bending is minimized.Before and after blade 3265,3270 be designed so that all that aspect aerodynamics windage reduces to minimum, produce power and make air quantity maximization by rotor 2510.Front and back blade 3265,3270 can further be designed to collect wind energy, and is converted into energy of rotation, as known in the art.In one embodiment, front and back blade 3265,3270 is designed to play the effect of fan, and promotes the center that wind passes rotor 2510.The wind speed at the center of passing is increased produced such a case, that is, wind sucks rotor 2510 from the zone greater than the diameter of rotor 2510.This has strengthened wind energy collecting, has produced larger-diameter rotor 2510 effectively.The wind approaching with the air-flow that sucks rotor 2510 inside also is affected, and makes described wind clash into the outside of rotor 2510, has further increased the rotational speed of rotor 2510.

With reference to Figure 35 and 36, rotary support 3250 is used to make rotor 2510 with the vertical of the best and level angle location.Rotary support 3250 also provides the equinoctial point that is used for wind turbine system 3200.In one embodiment, weight is evenly distributed on the both sides of rotary support 3250, thereby reduces wearing and tearing, and makes the size of structure member and cost reduce to minimum.Rotary support 3250 is hollow, thereby allows power transmission line and miscellaneous equipment to pass to enter support 2505.In one embodiment, rotary support 3250 has the aerodynamic force curve windage is reduced to minimum.The top of first (descending) end in contact support 2505 of rotary support 3250.Rotary support 3250 can rotate on the top of support 2505.This rotation can become more convenient by place bearing between support 2505 and rotary support 3250.Rotary support 3250 also has the hole that is inserted with swivel joint 3240.Be attached to swivel joint 3240 on rotor shaft 3260 and the tailing axle 3220 and guaranteed the vertical inclination of rotor 2510.The slit that is positioned at rotary support 3250 fronts guarantees the space that enters, is connected on the swivel joint 3240 and rotor shaft 3260 vertical inclination under the situation that does not contact rotary support 3250 is provided of rotor shaft 3260.The similar slit that is positioned at rotary support 3250 back guarantees the space that enters, is connected on the swivel joint 3240 and tailing axle 3240 vertical inclination under the situation that does not contact rotary support 3250 is provided of tailing axle 3220.With reference to Figure 36, the bottom view of rotary support 3250 demonstrates, and the slit 3252 that is inserted with tailing axle 3220 is with respect to 15 degree of skew on slit (towards the wind) angle of rotary support 3250 fronts.

Although above-mentioned explanation shows, describes and points out the novel feature of the present invention when being applied to various embodiment, but should be understood that, under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art can delete, replace and change the form and the details of shown device or technology.Will be appreciated that because some features can be used separately or enforcement by other people, the present invention can implement herein in the scope that whole feature and advantage of setting forth are not provided.

Claims (87)

1. pipe that is used for fluid energy conversion device, described pipe comprises:

Common columniform hollow body, it has internal surface, outer surface and longitudinal axis; With

A plurality of formation first helical groove on the outer surface, this helical groove are used for making circumference of cannon bone collect the kinetic energy of fluid stream when longitudinal axis rotates at fluid stream.

2. pipe as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a plurality of second helical grooves that are formed on the internal surface.

3. pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of first and second helical grooves form the helical blade that extends to second end from first end of pipe.

4. pipe as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described pipe has substantially wall thickness uniformly.

5. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pipe is suitable for producing high-pressure area and area of low pressure.

6. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pipe produces the area of low pressure near longitudinal axis.

7. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pipe produces the high-pressure area near the internal surface of rotatable pipe.

8. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described rotatable pipe produces the high-pressure area near the outer surface of rotatable pipe.

9. pipe as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described area of low pressure begins near first end of pipe, and the pressure reduction between area of low pressure and the ambient pressure increases towards second end of pipe.

10. pipe as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described high-pressure area begins near first end of pipe, and the pressure reduction between high-pressure area and the ambient pressure increases towards second end of pipe.

11. pipe as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described high-pressure area begins near first end of pipe, and the pressure reduction between high-pressure area and the ambient pressure increases towards second end of pipe.

12. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pipe is producing pressure gradient near the zone of longitudinal axis with near fluid near between the zone of described pipe.

13. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pipe is suitable for collecting fluid in the effective diameter scope greater than the pipe nominal diameter.

14. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described pipe is suitable for collecting near the fluid that flows into the periphery from managing, and the fluid of fluid flows not parallel with longitudinal axis.

15. pipe as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the fluid flow angle is the 1-45 degree, and the one side at described angle overlaps with longitudinal axis.

16. pipe as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the summit at described angle is in the anterior back of pipe.

17. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fluid is gas and the internal surface that presses pipe.

18. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fluid is gas and the outer surface that presses pipe.

19. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fluid energy conversion device is a wind turbine.

20. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fluid energy conversion device is a windmill.

21. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fluid energy conversion device is a water turbine.

22. pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fluid energy conversion device is a waterwheel.

23. a fluid energy conversion device, described fluid energy conversion device comprises:

Longitudinal axis; With

The rotatable pipe coaxial with longitudinal axis; Wherein, described rotatable pipe has the helical groove that is formed on its outer surface and the internal surface, so that rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy.

24. a pipe that is used for fluid energy conversion device, described pipe comprises:

Common columniform hollow body, it has internal surface, outer surface and longitudinal axis; With

Be formed on a plurality of helical grooves on outer surface and the internal surface; With

Wherein, described helical groove is suitable for collecting the fluid on first side of helical groove on the outer surface, and described helical groove is suitable for collecting the fluid on second side of helical groove on the internal surface.

25. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe has the hole of running through tube thickness.

26. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe comprises a plurality of pipeline sections, and described pipeline section is identical substantially and have a shape that is roughly crooked rectangle.

27. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe comprises a plurality of total length arcuate members, and described total length arcuate member has hole and cardinal principle arcuation rectangular shape.

28. pipe as claimed in claim 27 also comprises a plurality of arc bands, described arc band has the spiral-shaped of elongate thin, and wherein said arc band is suitable for the total length arcuate member is tightened together.

29. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe comprises a plurality of helical members, and described helical member has hole and spiral-shaped substantially, is formed with the part of one or more helical grooves on each helical member.

30. pipe as claimed in claim 29 also comprises a plurality of spiral bands, described spiral band has the spiral-shaped of elongate thin, and wherein said spiral band is suitable for helical member is tightened together.

31. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is suitable for exerting an influence and manages the centrifugal force of internal flow, and described centrifugal force radially flows fluid away from longitudinal axis.

32. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to when pipe has a down dip, and forms the high-pressure area on the top of pipe.

33. pipe as claimed in claim 32 wherein, produces the area of low pressure on the bottom of pipe.

34. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to form the high-pressure area on the bottom of pipe when the pipe updip.

35. pipe as claimed in claim 34, wherein, described pipe is configured to form the area of low pressure on the top of pipe.

36. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to form the high-pressure area when pipe during along the first direction heel on the bottom of pipe.

37. pipe as claimed in claim 36, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the area of low pressure on the top of pipe.

38. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the high-pressure area on the top of pipe when the pipe heel.

39. pipe as claimed in claim 38, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the area of low pressure on the bottom of pipe.

40. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the high-pressure area on the top of pipe when managing heel and having a down dip.

41. pipe as claimed in claim 40, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the area of low pressure on the bottom of pipe.

42. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the high-pressure area on the bottom of pipe when pipe heel and updip.

43. pipe as claimed in claim 42, wherein, described pipe is configured to produce the area of low pressure on the bottom of rotatable pipe.

44. pipe as claimed in claim 30, wherein, the boundary layer on the pipe internal surface is subjected to the influence by the fluid of centrifugal action.

45. pipe as claimed in claim 44, wherein, the resistance that the corresponding edge interlayer on described boundary layer and the pipe that does not have helical groove produces is compared the littler resistance of generation.

46. pipe as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described pipe is configured to form on the outer surface the high-pressure area, and wherein, the boundary layer on the described outer surface is subjected to the influence of described high-pressure area.

47. pipe as claimed in claim 46, wherein, the resistance that the corresponding edge interlayer on described boundary layer and the pipe that does not have helical groove produces is compared the littler resistance of generation.

48. a fluid energy conversion device comprises:

Longitudinal axis; With

The rotatable pipe coaxial with described longitudinal axis, wherein, described rotatable pipe has a plurality of helical grooves that are formed on its outer surface and the internal surface, and described helical groove is converted to rotating mechanical energy the kinetic energy of the fluid on first side of helical groove on the outer surface, and rotating mechanical energy is converted to the fluid dynamic energy on second side of helical groove on the internal surface.

49. a rotor that is used for fluid energy conversion device, described rotor comprises:

Longitudinal axis; With

The rotatable pipe coaxial with longitudinal axis, described rotatable pipe comprises:

Internal surface and outer surface;

Be formed on a plurality of helical grooves on outer surface and the internal surface, each helical groove has at least two helical groove walls respect to one another substantially;

Wherein, the helical groove wall on the outer surface forms the angle of 0-100 degree; And

Described helical groove is configured to rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy, perhaps fluid dynamic energy is converted to rotating mechanical energy.

50. rotor as claimed in claim 49, wherein, the fluid in the described rotatable pipe is along the direction rotation identical with rotatable pipe, thus the generation eddy current.

51. rotor as claimed in claim 50, wherein, described fluid is a gas, and described fluid is radially discharged away from described longitudinal axis owing to the rotation of rotatable pipe.

52. rotor as claimed in claim 51, wherein, the density of described gas increases near the center of rotatable pipe.

53. rotor as claimed in claim 51, wherein, the density of described gas increases on the internal surface of rotatable pipe.

54. rotor as claimed in claim 51, wherein, the density of described gas increases on the outer surface of rotatable pipe.

55. a fluid energy conversion device, described fluid energy conversion device comprises:

Longitudinal axis;

The rotatable pipe coaxial with described longitudinal axis, wherein, described rotatable pipe has the outer surface that is formed on this rotatable pipe and a plurality of helical grooves on the internal surface;

Around the radially-arranged front vane group of described longitudinal axis, described front vane group is connected on the rotatable pipe;

Around the radially-arranged rear blade group of described longitudinal axis, described rear blade group is connected on the rotatable pipe;

Overlap and operate the axle that is connected on the rotatable pipe with described longitudinal axis; With

Wherein, described rotatable pipe is configured to fluid dynamic energy is converted to rotating mechanical energy, perhaps rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy.

56. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 55, wherein, the most advanced and sophisticated rigid attachment of each blade in the front vane group is to internal surface.

57. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 55, wherein, the most advanced and sophisticated rigid attachment of each blade in the rear blade group is to internal surface.

58. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 55, wherein, described front vane assembly is changed to fluid dynamic energy is converted to rotating mechanical energy, perhaps rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy.

59. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 55, wherein, described rear blade assembly is changed to fluid dynamic energy is converted to rotating mechanical energy, perhaps rotating mechanical energy is converted to fluid dynamic energy.

60. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 55 comprises also and the air guide sleeve of described longitudinal axis coaxial positioning that wherein, described air guide sleeve is positioned the inside of rotatable pipe.

61. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 60, wherein, described air guide sleeve holds speed changer and motor/generator.

62. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 61, wherein, if fluid energy conversion device is converted to fluid dynamic energy with rotating mechanical energy, then motor/generator is a motor, and speed changer is a retarder.

63. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 61, wherein, if fluid energy conversion device is converted to rotating mechanical energy with fluid dynamic energy, then motor/generator is a generator, and speed changer is a speed increaser.

64. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 60 also comprises the helical blade that attaches on the air guide sleeve.

65. as the described fluid energy conversion device of claim 64, wherein, described helical blade is configured to change the direction of fluid.

66., wherein, guide described fluid along the direction rotation identical with rotatable pipe as the described fluid energy conversion device of claim 64.

67. as the described air guide sleeve enegrgy converter of claim 64, wherein, described air guide sleeve is along the direction rotation opposite with rotatable pipe.

68. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 60 also comprises pylon, described pylon is configured to support rotatable pipe, axle, front vane group, rear blade group and air guide sleeve.

69. as the described fluid energy conversion device of claim 68, wherein, described air guide sleeve is positioned at the back of described pylon.

70. fluid energy conversion device as claimed in claim 61 also comprises the infinitely variable speed transmission that is positioned between speed changer and the motor/generator.

71. as the described fluid energy conversion device of claim 68, also comprise the afterbody that is positioned at described pylon back, described afterbody is configured to rotatable guaranteeing is held on the position relevant with fluid.

72. as the described fluid energy conversion device of claim 71, wherein, described afterbody comprises and is used for making rotatable pipe with the angle of the hope curved part in fluid trim and/or heel.

73. a rotor that is used for windmill, described rotor comprises:

Common columniform hollow tubular with internal surface and outer surface; With

Along a plurality of walls of the periphery of described pipe, described wall forms a plurality of helical blades that are configured to receive from the kinetic energy of wind.

74. as the described rotor of claim 73, wherein, described wall forms the internal surface and the outer surface of pipe.

75. as the described rotor of claim 73, also comprise a plurality of first blades, described a plurality of first blades are connected to rotor operation on the torque transmission shaft of windmill.

76. as the described rotor of claim 73, wherein, described a plurality of first blades are connected on first propeller boss of windmill.

77. as the described rotor of claim 75, also comprise a plurality of second blades, described a plurality of second blades are connected to rotor on second propeller boss of windmill.

78. as the described rotor of claim 73, wherein, described rotor configuration is for to install coaxially with air guide sleeve, and described air guide sleeve is positioned in the described pipe at least in part.

79. a pipeline section that is used for rotor, described pipeline section comprises:

The arc plate of general rectangular;

The first pipeline section edge that stretches out from the edge of described plate; With

Be formed at the pipeline section otch in the described plate, described pipeline section slot arrangement is for receiving the second pipeline section edge.

80. as the described pipeline section of claim 79, wherein, the described first pipeline section edge forms the bight of described plate.

81. as the described pipeline section of claim 80, wherein, the described first pipeline section edge comprises and is roughly half thickness of pipeline section thickness.

82. as the described pipeline section of claim 79, wherein, described pipeline section otch has the shape identical substantially with the first pipeline section edge.

83. a method of operating windmill, described method comprises:

Tubular rotor is provided;

Described rotor is so installed, made that the longitudinal axis of this rotor is parallel substantially with fluid stream; With

Make flow direction trim and/or heel 1-30 Angle of Trim and/or the Angle of Heel of described rotor with respect to described fluid stream.

84. as the described method of claim 83, wherein, described tubular rotor comprises helical blade.

85. an air guide sleeve that is used for windmill, described air guide sleeve comprises:

Has inside and outside hollow body; With

Be connected to a plurality of helical blades of described outside.

86., also be configured to hold the infinitely variable speed transmission (CVT) that is connected to gear-box and generator in inside as the described air guide sleeve of claim 85.

87. as the described air guide sleeve of claim 86, wherein, described CVT comprises ball-type CVT.

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