CN101303058B - 一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统 - Google Patents
一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101303058B CN101303058B CN2007100521437A CN200710052143A CN101303058B CN 101303058 B CN101303058 B CN 101303058B CN 2007100521437 A CN2007100521437 A CN 2007100521437A CN 200710052143 A CN200710052143 A CN 200710052143A CN 101303058 B CN101303058 B CN 101303058B
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- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive Effects 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-acetaminophenol Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，由弹性隔振器与颗粒阻尼器连接复合而成；所述颗粒阻尼器可位于所述弹性隔振器的体内，亦可位于与支承或与被控对象之间；将所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统设置在支承与被控对象之间，在所述颗粒间由所述被控对象的重力或所述支承与所述被控对象间施加预紧力产生的接触压应力或在此基础上对于所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器中的颗粒施加电场或磁场，被控对象相对于所述支承振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0.1～5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述被控对象的振动能量，使其不会因为振动而发生滑移或游走。
Description
一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统；尤其是将现有弹性隔振器与颗粒阻尼器有机地结合起来，利用现有弹性隔振器的高弹性和其大变形量的优点，弥补现有高填充率 (大于等于80% )颗粒阻尼器弹性差和变形量有限的缺点，利用现有高填充率颗粒阻尼器的宽频带范围内与激励相关的大阻尼的优势，弥补现有弹性隔振器阻尼过小的缺点的一种隔振系统。
[0002] 技术背景
[0003] 物体振动的有害方面日益引起了人们的高度重视。
[0004] 虽然发动机隔振技术日新月异，但客车和工程机械的发动机在工作或怠速时的振动往往引起车箱或驾使室的震动，从而使乘客或驾驶员的舒适性变差，甚者常常疲劳驾驶。 其次，行驶过程中路面的激励通过车体输入到发动机，使其动力输出单元承受冲击载荷作用，引起疲劳断裂等。这些都已经引起了学者们的高度关注（吕振华和上官文斌的“基于液-固耦合有限元仿真液压悬置集总参数模型动态分析”，《机械强度》，2004，第沈卷第1 期；范让林和吕振华的“三代液阻悬置非线性动特性的试验研究及其参数识别方法”，《机械工程学报》，第42卷第5期；上官文斌的“液压悬置惯性通道阻尼特性的实验分析与计算分析”，《振动工程学报》，第19卷第3期；史文库和蔡俊的“主动控制式电磁液压悬置隔振性能研究”，《噪声与振动控制》，2006年第3期......）。
[0005] 振动压路机在工作过程中利用振动能量对于地基实施压实，振动的利用和振动的防护显得尤为分重要。该激励使驾驶室里驾驶人员的工作条件恶化，工作耐力显著下降。 能做到振地不振人十分困难，甚者经过几小时的工作，驾驶人员头昏眼花。显然，优良的隔振技术需求迫切。国外已经将磁流变技术应用于保护驾驶员。随着国家相关强制法规的出台，驾驶人员们的工作环境将会改善。
[0006] 移动式柴油发电机、空压机等往往由于振动而在工作场所游走（Walking Machine)。
[0007] 离心设备由于离心力的作用振动剧烈，不得不常常监视其动平衡问题（《流体机械》，2001年第四卷第6期）或采用动力吸振器（《食品工业科技》Vol. 21，No. 2，2000)。
[0008] 更为普遍的是近几年来在批量走入家庭的家用滚桶洗衣机，由于其节能和环保的要求，越来越轻而薄，甩干速度越来越高，从而出现了世界难题：只要勻布不成，尤其在高速甩干过程中的大偏心量下，滚桶洗衣机在厨房或卫生间跳走、跳转、游走，甚者拉断水管和电源线而跳舞。该问题已经引起了学者和制造商们的重视（郑毅等“洗衣机振动过程的计算机模拟研究”，《《振动、测试与诊断》，第21卷第3期，2001年9月》。
[0009] 虽然有利用各种平衡技术的滚桶洗衣机专利文献（Simple Non-regenertiveDeceleration Control of Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor for Vibration Controlin Drum-type Washer/Dryer,IEEJ Trans. IA，Vol. 125，No.7，2005 by Yashio Tomigashi 等；Modeling，Design and Control of a Portable Washing Machine during the Spinning Cycle, Proc. Of the 2001 IEEE/ASME Int. Conf. On AdvancedIntelligent MechatronicsSystems,8-11, July 2001, Como, Italy, pp.899-904, by Evangelos Papadopoulos and IakovosPapadimitriou，陈忠禾口郑时雄的“环状液体平衡器的平衡理论及其应用分析”，《振动、测试与诊断》，第21卷第4期，2001年12月），但仍存在普遍应用的技术经济学瓶颈。而且，当洗衣量本来就不大时，勻布程序可能没用，这就是为什么洗少量衣物时反而振动量变大的原因。
[0010] 综上所述，有必要在发动机与车体间、运动设备上与可移动设备和仪器间、惯性平台与支承如地面间、柴油发电机与支承体如地面间、空压机与支承体如地面间、滚桶洗衣机与支承体如地面间设置合适的隔振器，尤其是能够直接支承并能够隔振的阻尼型隔振器。
[0011] 虽然采用现有隔振技术可以有效回避控制对象的共振峰值，在隔振区实现有效隔振，但固有峰值处的传递率过大，通过共振频率时十分危险。如在固有频率处，金属弹簧隔振器的传递率大于50陪，只能在大于频率比1.414的隔振区有良好效果；在固有频率处，橡胶隔振器的传递率为6-10陪，大阻尼粘弹性材料的传递率为3-4陪；在固有频率处，钢丝绳隔振器的传递率为3陪，而且面临永久变形、疲劳断裂和击穿问题；性能优良的库仑摩擦隔振器可以没有固有峰，但容易滑脱和不稳定。显然，现有隔振技术难于满足工程和生活应用。
[0012] 利用阻尼技术可以有效地减振，利用得当效果明显；摩擦阻尼的适应频率宽，尤其是颗粒摩擦阻尼器被称为宽带阻尼器，有的甚至工作在几至几千赫兹，这是大多数阻尼器所无法胜任的，从而应用广泛。如李伟等的“豆包阻尼器”（《航空学报》，1999年3 月）、Vikram K. Kinra 禾口 Bryan Witt 的 Investigating Particle Impact Damping As a Means of FatigueReduction(9thJoint FAA/DoD/NASA Aging Aircraft Conference)、 Bryce L Fowler 等的 Design Methodology for Particle Damping (Smart Structures and Materials :Damping andlsolation Newport Beach, CA, March 2001)、ί可 禾斗学校李长琏的“基于摩擦耗能机理的惯性平台三向隔振器”（《噪声与振动控制》，1997年8 月)和“颗粒阻尼隔振器”（机械，1998年第25卷增刊)、日本专利JP2001355672 (Particle Vibration_IsolatingDamper)、美国专利 US6260676 Bl(Magnetic Particle Damper Apparatus)Λ US6547049 (Particle Vibration Damper)Λ US6802405 B2 (Friction Vibration Damper)、US2006/0180420A1 (Vibration Damper)禾口 US20070012530 Al (Bearing Damper Having Dispersed FrictionDamping Elements)。
[0013] 其中，李伟等的“豆包阻尼器”虽然也有弹性约束，但其弹性材料的刚度太小，从而不能够承受被控对象的重力作用或与之相应的预紧力，并且不能用于支承被控对象；其次， 采用小刚度的目的是，允许“豆包阻尼器”的工作过程中发生颗粒间碰撞，实施碰撞能量的交换。这是因为碰撞能量交换与摩擦能量交换处于同一数量级，颗粒间的碰撞与摩擦同等重要；同时，该论文中，像其它颗粒阻尼器一样，“豆包阻尼器”也是附在被控制对象的“身” 上，随被控对象一起振动，从而利用颗粒间的碰撞能量交换和摩擦能量交换，并没有设置在侧面支承和被控对象之间，也没有通过侧面支承和被控对象施加压力。
[0014] Vikram K. Kinra 禾口 Bryan Witt 的Investigating Particle Impact Damping As a Meansof Fatigue Reduction (9thJoint FAA/DoD/NASA Aging Aircraft Conference)禾Ij 用悬壁梁末端附着颗粒阻尼器，在悬臂梁和附着颗粒阻尼器一起振动中，研究了颗粒阻尼器的填充率与所述悬壁梁末端无量刚阻尼系数间的关系。表明随着填充率的提高，颗粒相互运动的空间变小，大于80%填充时颗粒间几乎没有相对运动，从而颗粒的动能消失，没有颗粒间的碰撞和能量的交换，几乎没有阻尼作用（除非颗粒粒度存在不均勻性），这类似于宽频颗粒动力吸振器，显然，对于动力吸振器应用而言，颗粒间的碰撞比颗粒间的摩擦显得重要。
[0015] 河南机电高等专科学校李长琏的“基于摩擦耗能机理的惯性平台三向隔振器”（《噪声与振动控制》，1997年8月），其作用原理是在其颗粒阻尼器的腔体中插入摩擦杆，杆子的移动也不能引起颗粒阻尼器腔体体积的变化，上下压环在弹簧的作用下上下同步移动，从而不可能对于其中的颗粒全面挤压，所述的颗粒阻尼器腔体也不能承支承力的作用。
[0016]美国专利 US6^0676 Bl (Magnetic Particle Damper Apparatus)通过磁场控制磁性颗粒间的作用应力实施阻尼作用，并且认为是磁流变阻尼器的替代品并优越；没有弹性腔体，也不能用于承受被控对象的重力或与之相应的预紧力；
[0017] 美国专利US2006/0180420 Al (Vibration Damper)则在未满填充以及固定颗粒阻尼器的腔体体积情况下，通过电磁场、充气腔体体积的变化、颗粒阻尼器容腔体内设置浮动活塞、颗粒阻尼器容腔里充气来控制和调节运动颗粒间的作用力，显然也是附着在被控对象上同其一起振动。
[0018] 美国专利US680M05 B2 (Friction Vibration Damper)，在未完全填充的颗粒阻尼器内设置档流板，抑制颗粒阻尼器的阻尼衰减作用。
[0019] 日本专利 JP200i;355672 (Particle Vibration_Isolating Damper)的颗粒阻尼器是由颗粒阻尼器的腔体、腔体中的颗粒、位于腔体中的驱动浮动活塞都部、位于颗粒阻尼器腔体与外端的连接活塞杆等组成；其构成颗粒阻尼器腔体的材料一般为刚体，刚性活塞杆的上下运动使充分填充后的颗粒阻尼器腔体中的颗粒间的挤压应力发生变化并且发生石並fi (‘ energydissipation due to a collision of the particle filled around the float’，引自espOcenetdatabase)，摩擦活塞的运动几乎不能引起颗粒阻尼器腔体体积的变化；专利中承认可以直接承重，在此工况下显然其内部的颗粒间存在相当大的挤压应力， 这有利于增强颗粒间的摩擦耗能作用。显然其结构复杂化，不适合在小型设备尤其是可移动设备上的广泛应用。
[0020] US20070012530 Al(Bearing Damper Having Dispersed Friction Damping Elements)则是专门为动力轴承的减振而提出的高温型颗粒阻尼器，对该专利分析如下：
[0021] 1)该专利强调其颗粒阻尼器腔体完全填充；
[0022] 2)由于转子系统的支承刚度很大，往往不会利用弹性隔振；其颗粒阻尼器壳体采
用不锈钢金属材料，在工作过程中在径向变形量很小（......that can flex somewhat in
the radial direction of the bearing.-—引自该专利），其刚度系数大，从而不能用于既要隔振又要减振的可移动仪器和设备的要求；因为，隔振对于系统的要求是其刚度系数小，以降低支承的固有频率，避开激励频率，而减振对于系统的要求是，系统必须要有阻尼， 以抑制固有峰值；
[0023] 3)该阻尼器腔体的形状是套在轴承外的一环状腔体，填充并安装后，在重力的作用下，在静止状态仅有一侧变形，而在转子旋转过程中，对于动平衡较好的转子系统，离心力很小，从而很难实现同时在其它方位上对于颗粒阻尼器的压缩变形，从而使其内部颗粒间的作用应力很小，从而利用颗粒间的相互摩擦消耗能量的作用甚微；
[0024] 4)该阻尼器腔体的形状是套在轴承外的一环状腔体，填充并安装后，在重力的作用下，在静止状态仅有一侧变形，而在转子旋转过程中，如果动平衡不良，离心力很大，类同于静、动压支承轴承一样，离心动力将促使腔体中的颗粒随轴的涡动而动，从而很难实现同时在其它方位上对于颗粒阻尼器的压缩变形，一旦没有压力填充，其内部颗粒间的作用应力小，从而利用颗粒间的相互摩擦消耗能量的作用不大；
[0025] 5)该专利也揭示了在所述颗粒阻尼器腔体中加入可充压腔体，以便于通过外界流体压力，控制所述颗粒阻尼器腔体中颗粒的紧密程度，从而实现对于阻尼的调节，可见，虽然采用金属壳体可以使颗粒阻尼器的工作温度提高，但是由于金属的刚度大，从而不像弹性橡胶类壳体可以施加预紧力填充，不得不采用附加流体腔体的方法解决；
[0026] 6)同尺寸前提下，显然异形金属壳体的加工制造成本高，不能用于诸如家用滚桶洗衣机支脚的支承和减振，因为家电对于成本十分敏感；
[0027] 7)同时，由于民用产品对于使用寿命的要求长，价格低廉，从而由于金属的疲劳强度低，加工成本高，很难应用于车辆等的发动机隔振和驾驶室隔振。
[0028] 能否在现有隔振技术和器件的基础上，将现有廉价弹性隔振器与廉价颗粒阻尼器有机地结合起来？从而利用现有弹性隔振器的高弹性和其大变形量的优点，弥补现有高填充率（大于等于80% )颗粒阻尼器弹性差和变形量有限的缺点；利用现有高填充率颗粒阻尼器的宽频带范围内与激励加速度正相关的大阻尼优势，弥补现有弹性隔振器阻尼过小的缺点；从而设计出即能够承受支承与被控对象间的重力或预紧力，又能够对于所述支承和被控对象实施隔振，又能够在近乎零到几千赫兹的频带内，抑制一个或多个固有峰值的宽带阻尼型隔振器，克服以上技术的不足。这正是该发明的动机。
发明内容
[0029] 为了达到上述目的，本发明揭示了一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统是由弹性隔振器与颗粒阻尼器复合而成；所述弹性隔振器与所述颗粒阻尼器相互连接；所述弹性隔振器包括各种橡胶、塑料、橡塑复合、各种纤维材料或以上混合制成的高弹性体，或者以上分别或多种混合后与金属复合而成的高弹性体，其主要作用是在外加负载作用下提供弹性变形，起到调节系统固有频率的目的；所述颗粒阻尼器包含密闭的腔体和填充于该腔体中的颗粒，其主要作用是利用所述颗粒间的相互摩擦作用，在宽频带范围内给振动系统提供摩擦阻尼，抑制共振峰；所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器或者所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器；所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器时，所述颗粒阻尼器位于所述弹性隔振器的体内；所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器时，所述颗粒阻尼器位于所述弹性隔振器与支承或与被控对象之间，或者位于其所述弹性隔振器的侧面；将所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统设置在支承与被控对象之间，利用被控对象的重力或在所述支承与所述被控对象之间施加预紧力，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中所述弹性隔振器的高弹性体弹性变形，致使所述颗粒阻尼器弹性壳体受压后弹性变形，其中颗粒间的接触压应力增加而处于紧密接触状态；或者在所述颗粒间由所述被控对象的重力或所述支承与所述被控对象间施加预紧力产生的接触压应力基础上，对于所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器中的颗粒施加电场或磁场，从而使其接触应力与电场或磁场作用应力迭加；当所述被控对象相对于所述支承振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述被控对象的振动能量，抑制所述被控对象的共振峰值，从而使所述支承所受的支承力保持稳定，以及使被控对象不会因为振动而发生滑移或游走；当所述支承相对于所述被控对象振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述支承的振动能量，抑制所述支承的振动传给所述被控对象。
[0030] 技术措施
[0031] 具体技术措施是：
[0032] 一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，涉及弹性隔振器和颗粒阻尼器，其特征在于：所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统3是由弹性隔振器5与颗粒阻尼器10复合而成；所述弹性隔振器5与所述颗粒阻尼器10相互连接；所述弹性隔振器5包括各种橡胶、塑料、橡塑复合、各种纤维材料或以上混合制成的高弹性体，或者以上分别或多种混合后与金属复合而成的高弹性体， 其主要作用是在外加负载作用下提供弹性变形，起到调节系统固有频率的目的；所述颗粒阻尼器10包含密闭的腔体80和填充于该腔体中的颗粒100，其主要作用是利用所述颗粒间的相互摩擦作用，在宽频带范围内给振动系统提供摩擦阻尼，抑制共振峰；所述颗粒阻尼器10的密闭腔体80完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器5或者所述颗粒阻尼器10的密闭腔体80部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器5 ；所述颗粒阻尼器10的密闭腔体80完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器5时，所述颗粒阻尼器10位于所述弹性隔振器5的体内； 所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体80部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器5时，所述颗粒阻尼器 10位于所述弹性隔振器5与支承40或与被控对象20之间，或者位于其所述弹性隔振器5 的侧面；实际使用中，将所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统3设置在支承40与被控对象20之间，利用被控对象20的重力或在所述支承40与所述被控对象20之间施加预紧力，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中所述弹性隔振器5的高弹性体弹性变形，致使所述颗粒阻尼器10弹性壳体受压后弹性变形，其中颗粒间的接触压应力增加而处于紧密接触状态；或者在所述颗粒间由所述被控对象20的重力或所述支承40与所述被控对象20间施加预紧力产生的接触压应力基础上，对于所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器10中的颗粒100施加电场或磁场，从而使其接触应力与电场或磁场作用应力迭加；当所述被控对象20相对于所述支承40 振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器10中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒100 间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述被控对象20的振动能量，抑制所述被控对象20的共振峰值，从而使所述支承40所受的支承力保持稳定，以及使被控对象20不会因为振动而发生滑移或游走；当所述支承40相对于所述被控对象20振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器10中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒100间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述支承40的振动能量，抑制所述支承40的振动传给所述被控对象20。
[0033] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于，所述颗粒100的粒度范围是从0. 00001微米到5毫米。
[0034] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的单体、单种分布直径颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝、铜等，如非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛、淀粉等。
[0035] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的单体、多种分布直径的颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝等，如非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛等。
[0036] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的多体、单种分布直径颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝等或和非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛等的混合物。
[0037] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的多体、多种分布直径的颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝等或和非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛等的混合物。
[0038] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是二氧化硅、分子筛、淀粉等非金属颗粒时，所述颗粒间可以吸附有液体，从而组成剪稠流变体或电流变流体，外界压力使其流变阻尼作用加强。
[0039] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是如铁粉的导磁颗粒时，所述颗粒间可以吸附有液体，从而组成剪稠流变体或磁流变流体，外界压力使该流变阻尼作用加强。
[0040] 有益效果：本发明的优点是：尺寸小、高阻尼、安装适应性强、适用频带宽、支承能力强，能够广泛应用于振动工程领域。
[0041] 附图说明
[0042] 说明书附图如下：
[0043] 图1是滚桶洗衣机应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统实施共振控制的示意图；
[0044] 图2是工程机械驾驶室或其发动机应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统实施隔振的示意图；
[0045] 图3是流体管路应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统实施管路隔振的示意图；
[0046] 图4是建筑结构应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统抑制地震冲击波的示意图；
[0047] 图5是机车受电弓应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统实施接触力控制的示意图；
[0048] 图6是火车走行部滚动振动应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统的示意图；
[0049] 图7是车辆刹车系统应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统实施刹车噪声控制的示意图；
[0050] 图8是滚桶洗衣机的传统隔振器支脚示意图；
[0051] 图9是传统颗粒阻尼器“豆包”示意图；
[0052] 图10是将传统弹性隔振器与传统颗粒阻尼器“豆包”结合后的滚桶洗衣机用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统示意图；
[0053] 图11是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统1示意图；
[0054] 图12是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统2示意图；
[0055] 图13是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统3示意图；
[0056] 图14是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统4示意图；[0057] 图15是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统5示意图；
[0058] 图16是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统6示意图；
[0059] 图17是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统7示意图；
[0060] 图18是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统8示意图；
[0061] 图19是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统9示意图；
[0062] 图20是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统10示意图；
[0063] 图21是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统11示意图；
[0064] 图22是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统12示意图。
[0065] 图23是一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统13示意图。
具体实施方式
[0066] 下面参照图1一图7详述一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统的应用需求：
[0067] 如图1所示，滚桶洗衣机的振动牵连着千家万户主妇们的直接利益，将传统的隔振器支脚改为一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，可以抑制大偏心量、高速甩干时引起的共振，显著减少甚至消除滚桶洗衣机由于共振而引起的游走，显然意义重大；
[0068] 如图2所示，将传统的进口发动机隔振垫、传统的驾驶室隔振垫改为一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，可以显著抑制发动机激励引起的车体振动或驾驶室的振动，提高驾驶员和乘客的舒适水平，提高机械疲劳寿命；
[0069] 如图3所示，安装在建筑结构或舰船上的流体管路的振动噪声往往使居民不安和影响舰船的声隐身性能，采用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，尤其是内含颗粒阻尼器的弹性体板材卷曲后绕于所述管道上再与固定支座连接，可以显著抑制振动的传递；
[0070] 如图4所示，如果将大地作为弹性体，建筑结构为控制对象，一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统显然不但可以支承建筑结构的自重，而且能够提供多个自由度方向上的大阻尼，从而可以抑制地震冲击波；
[0071] 如图5所示，机车运行中受电弓相对于电力电缆高速滑动，如何控制受电弓与电力网的接触力关系电力接触和机车的安全运行，应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，可以抑制微幅振动，使接触力基本稳定；
[0072] 如图6所示，火车走行部高速滚动引起振动，用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统代替传统的橡胶隔振器，可以进一步提高其隔振能力；
[0073] 如7是所示，车辆刹车噪声是刹车系统的顽疾，因素复杂，但是摩擦振动是其根源，由于振幅微小，液压执行器的控制无能为力，只能通过弹性机构缓冲，若能应用一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，刹车噪声控制将成为现实；
[0074] 下面参照图8—图23详述一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统：
[0075] 如图8、图9和10所示，一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，涉及弹性隔振器和颗粒阻尼器， 其特征在于：所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统3是由弹性隔振器5与颗粒阻尼器10复合而成；所述弹性隔振器5与所述颗粒阻尼器10相互连接；
[0076] 如图8所示，所述弹性隔振器5包括各种橡胶、塑料、橡塑复合、各种纤维材料或以上混合制成的高弹性体，或者以上分别或多种混合后与金属复合而成的高弹性体，其主要作用是在外加负载作用下提供弹性变形，起到调节系统固有频率的目的；[0077] 如图9所示，所述颗粒阻尼器10包含密闭的腔体80和填充于该腔体中的颗粒 100，其主要作用是利用所述颗粒间的相互摩擦作用，在宽频带范围内给振动系统提供摩擦阻尼，抑制共振峰；
[0078] 所述颗粒阻尼器10的密闭腔体80完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器5或者所述颗粒阻尼器10的密闭腔体80部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器5 ；
[0079] 如图13〜图19所示，所述颗粒阻尼器10的密闭腔体80完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器5时，所述颗粒阻尼器10位于所述弹性隔振器5的体内；
[0080] 如图10〜图12所示，所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体80部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器5时，所述颗粒阻尼器10位于所述弹性隔振器5与支承40或与被控对象20之间， 或者位于其所述弹性隔振器5的侧面；
[0081] 如图10〜图23所示，图11〜图19和图22所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器，所述弹性隔振器5与所述颗粒阻尼器10相互串联连接；图20和图21所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器，所述弹性隔振器5与所述颗粒阻尼器10相互并联连接；而图23所示的结构可以称为串并联连接；
[0082] 实际使用中，将所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统3设置在支承40与被控对象20之间，利用被控对象20的重力或在所述支承40与所述被控对象20之间施加预紧力，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中所述弹性隔振器5的高弹性体弹性变形，致使所述颗粒阻尼器10弹性壳体受压后弹性变形，其中颗粒间的接触压应力增加而处于紧密接触状态；或者在所述颗粒间由所述被控对象20的重力或所述支承40与所述被控对象20间施加预紧力产生的接触压应力基础上，对于所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器10中的颗粒100施加电场或磁场，从而使其接触应力与电场或磁场作用应力迭加；当所述被控对象20相对于所述支承40 振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器10中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒100 间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述被控对象20的振动能量，抑制所述被控对象20的共振峰值，从而使所述支承40所受的支承力保持稳定，以及使被控对象20不会因为振动而发生滑移或游走；当所述支承40相对于所述被控对象20振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器10中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒100间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述支承40的振动能量，抑制所述支承40的振动传给所述被控对象20。
[0083] 如图10所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器中的所述颗粒阻尼器的腔体80分别由所述弹性隔振器5的底面82和弹性壳体86的上侧面84组成，所述弹性壳体86为橡胶等弹性材料制造；
[0084] 如图11所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器中的所述颗粒阻尼器的腔体80分别由所述弹性隔振器5的底面82和所述支承40的面84组成；
[0085] 如图10所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器中的所述颗粒阻尼器的腔体80分别由所述弹性隔振器5的底面82和弹性壳体86的上侧面84组成，所述弹性壳体86为金属材料制造；
[0086] 如图13、图15〜图19所示，当所述颗粒阻尼器10完全处于所述弹性隔振器5的体内时，可以通过连接螺栓8上的轴向孔（未示出）给其中填入颗粒，然后用螺堵封上，或者成形时直接封入颗粒；
[0087] 如图13所示，当所述颗粒阻尼器10完全处于所述弹性隔振器5的体内时，可以将所述的弹性壳体86中填充所述颗粒后与所述连接螺栓8的大端盖部紧固，然后与橡胶等复合而成；
[0088] 如图16所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器中的所述颗粒阻尼器的腔体80设计为斜面和平台复合结构时，其中的颗粒同时承受挤压和剪切作用；
[0089] 如图18所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器和传统的橡胶块联合使用于发动机隔振，使用一个橡胶块为所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器施加预紧力；
[0090] 如图19所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器承受成一定角度的两个力的作用，适合于多自由度隔振；
[0091] 如图20、图21和图22所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器，其中的弹性隔振器5 可以是由第一部分4和第二部分6组成的分体结构，从而有利于装填所述颗粒；
[0092] 如图23所示，所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器，其中的弹性隔振器5完全位于所述颗粒阻尼器的内部，或者所述颗粒阻尼器10位于所述弹性隔振器5的外侧；其图示结构为横断面结构，其具体形状可以是管状、条状或加工成环状等；
[0093] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于，所述颗粒100的粒度范围是从 0. 00001微米到5毫米。
[0094] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的单体、单种分布直径颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝、铜等，如非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛、淀粉等。
[0095] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的单体、多种分布直径的颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝等，如非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛等。
[0096] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的多体、单种分布直径颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝等或和非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛等的混合物。
[0097] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是具有一定形貌的多体、多种分布直径的颗粒材料组成，如金属颗粒铅、钨钢、钢、铁、铝等或和非金属材料二氧化硅、粗细砂子、云母、碳粉、硅藻土、分子筛等的混合物。
[0098] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是二氧化硅、分子筛、淀粉等非金属颗粒时，所述颗粒间可以吸附有液体，从而组成剪稠流变体或电流变流体，外界压力使其流变阻尼作用加强。
[0099] 所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒100是如铁粉的导磁颗粒时，所述颗粒间可以吸附有液体，从而组成剪稠流变体或磁流变流体，外界压力使该流变阻尼作用加强。
[0100] 实施例：
[0101] 将图12所示的一种宽带阻尼型隔振器应用于某滚桶洗衣机，用于替代传统的支脚，
[0102] 1)其中所述弹性壳体86为金属材料制造，所述弹性隔振器的刚度约为IOOKgf/mm的橡塑弹性材料；所述颗粒为形貌不规则的表面处理铁粉；该铁粉的粒度范围是0. 0001 微米至1毫米；填充量为80% ；
[0103] 2)其中所述弹性壳体86为金属材料制造，所述弹性隔振器的刚度约为200Kgf/mm 的橡塑弹性材料；所述颗粒为形貌不规则的表面处理铁粉；该铁粉的粒度范围是1微米至 0.5毫米；填充量为100% ；
[0104] 3)其中所述弹性壳体86为金属材料制造，所述弹性隔振器的刚度约为150Kgf/mm 的橡塑弹性材料；所述颗粒为形貌不规则的表面处理铁粉；该铁粉的粒度范围是0. 1微米至1毫米；填充量为100% ；外加电磁场；
[0105] 4)其中所述弹性壳体86为金属材料制造，所述弹性隔振器的刚度约为50Kgf/mm 的橡塑弹性材料；所述颗粒为形貌不规则的表面处理铁粉；该铁粉的粒度范围是0. 1微米至1毫米；填充量为100% ；颗粒间有航空液压油；外加电磁场。
[0106] 对比结果发现，在偏心量为2000克时，高速甩干时的共振峰值降低了 50%〜 80%，原来的游走消失，从而消除了该滚桶洗衣机由于共振引起的游走。重力的挤压作用使颗粒间的摩擦力增加；同时，施加磁场，能够进一步提高颗粒间的接触力，但是由于重力的主导作用，贡献有10〜20%左右；航空液压油的添加，对于本应用实例有减低颗粒间摩擦的作用；从而显示了阻尼对于抑制共振峰的有效性能。
[0107] 显然，对于同行技术人员们而言，该发明不仅仅局限于以上公布的结构、方法和十分有限的实施例。
Claims (8)
1. 一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，涉及弹性隔振器和颗粒阻尼器，其特征在于：所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统（3)是由弹性隔振器（5)与颗粒阻尼器（10)复合而成；所述弹性隔振器 (5)与所述颗粒阻尼器（10)相互连接；所述弹性隔振器（¾包括各种橡胶、塑料、橡塑复合、各种纤维材料或以上混合制成的高弹性体，或者以上分别或多种混合后与金属复合而成的高弹性体，其主要作用是在外加负载作用下提供弹性变形，起到调节系统固有频率的目的；所述颗粒阻尼器（10)包含密闭的腔体（80)和填充于该腔体中的颗粒（100)，其主要作用是利用所述颗粒间的相互摩擦作用，在宽频带范围内给振动系统提供摩擦阻尼，抑制共振峰；所述颗粒阻尼器（10)的密闭腔体（80)完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器（5) 或者所述颗粒阻尼器（10)的密闭腔体（80)部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器（5)；所述颗粒阻尼器（10)的密闭腔体（80)完全属于或完全接触所述弹性隔振器（5)时，所述颗粒阻尼器（10)位于所述弹性隔振器（5)的体内；所述颗粒阻尼器的密闭腔体（80)部分属于或部分接触所述弹性隔振器（¾时，所述颗粒阻尼器（10)位于所述弹性隔振器（¾与支承GO)或与被控对象O0)之间，或者位于其所述弹性隔振器（5)的侧面；实际使用中，将所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统（3)设置在支承GO)与被控对象O0)之间，利用被控对象O0) 的重力或在所述支承GO)与所述被控对象O0)之间施加预紧力，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中所述弹性隔振器（¾的高弹性体弹性变形，致使所述颗粒阻尼器（10)弹性壳体受压后弹性变形，其中颗粒间的接触压应力增加而处于紧密接触状态；或者在所述颗粒间由所述被控对象O0)的重力或所述支承GO)与所述被控对象O0)间施加预紧力产生的接触压应力基础上，对于所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器（10)中的颗粒（100)施加电场或磁场，从而使其接触应力与电场或磁场作用应力迭加；当所述被控对象O0)相对于所述支承GO)振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器（10)中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒（100)间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述被控对象O0)的振动能量，抑制所述被控对象O0)的共振峰值，从而使所述支承G0)所受的支承力保持稳定，以及使被控对象O0)不会因为振动而发生滑移或游走；当所述支承G0)相对于所述被控对象O0)振动时，使所述宽带阻尼型隔振系统中的颗粒阻尼器（10)中处于紧密接触状态下的颗粒（100)间出现相对摩擦运动，从而在 0. 1〜5000Hz宽带范围内以及至少在一个自由度方向上消耗所述支承00)的振动能量，抑制所述支承G0)的振动传给所述被控对象O0)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于，所述颗粒（100)的粒度范围是从0. 00001微米到5毫米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒（100)是具有一定形貌的单体、单种分布直径颗粒材料组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒（100)是具有一定形貌的单体、多种分布直径的颗粒材料组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒（100)是具有一定形貌的多体、单种分布直径颗粒材料组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒（100)是具有一定形貌的多体、多种分布直径的颗粒材料组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒（100)是非金属颗粒时，所述颗粒间吸附有液体，从而组成剪稠流变体或电流变流体，外界压力使其流变阻尼作用加强。
8 根据权利要求1所述的一种宽带阻尼型隔振系统，其特征在于：所述颗粒（100)是导磁颗粒时，所述颗粒间吸附有液体，从而组成剪稠流变体或磁流变流体，外界压力使该流变阻尼作用加强。
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