CN101298620B - Method for preparing ethanol by one-step fermentation after ion liquid stage treatments from native cellulose material - Google Patents
Method for preparing ethanol by one-step fermentation after ion liquid stage treatments from native cellulose material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101298620B CN101298620B CN2008100957987A CN200810095798A CN101298620B CN 101298620 B CN101298620 B CN 101298620B CN 2008100957987 A CN2008100957987 A CN 2008100957987A CN 200810095798 A CN200810095798 A CN 200810095798A CN 101298620 B CN101298620 B CN 101298620B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to a method that prepares ethanol through the grading processing with ionic liquids and one-step zymolysis and utilizes a raw material of native cellulose. The raw material of native cellulose is orderly processed by the ionic liquids A and B so as to respectively remove hemicellulose and lignin, and the obtained cellulose is used as a substrate so as to be further fermented to prepare the ethanol; the ionic liquid A is an acid or alkalic ionic liquid, the ionic liquid B is a halogenated-imidazole-like ionic liquid. The method utilizes the ionic liquids to implement the grading processing of the raw material of native cellulose, removes the substances of the hemicellulose and the lignin that are harmful to the zymolysis production of the ethanol, uses the substances for other purposes, and only utilizes the cellulose as the substrate so as to implement the ethanol zymolysis, thus realizing complete utilization of the raw material of native cellulose. Simultaneously the method can avoid adsorption of the hemicellulose and the lignin by cellulose enzyme and improve the activity of the cellulose enzyme; the accumulation of the substances that are not fermented in a reactor is reduced, and the method can realize continuous zymolysis in a long time, has high input concentration, recycles yeast and cellulose enzyme, has high concentration of recycled ethanol, and saves water.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ethanol fermentation industry, particularly utilize natural cellulosic feedstocks to prepare the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation.
(2) background technology
Ethanol is the main representative of biomass liquid energy material, also is the most probable substitute of fossil fuel.Along with the progress of society, environmental pollution, energy shortage problem more and more perplex human existence and development, and ethanol has more important practical sense as clean reproducible energy.With starch based and saccharide compound is raw material, and adopting production of ethanol from microbial fermentation is a proven technique, but its raw materials cost is high and consume grain not more than needed, is difficult to satisfy the large-scale development and utilization of current society.
Mierocrystalline cellulose is the abundantest organic substance of reserves on the earth, and plant is annual to be produced up to 1,550 hundred million tons of cellulose substances by photosynthesis.It is with low cost, and wide material sources are used for commercial run at present every year or the incendiary Mierocrystalline cellulose accounts for about 2%, also has greatly not to be utilized, and therefore preparing ethanol with Mierocrystalline cellulose as fermentation raw material becomes inevitable trend.With the natural cellulosic feedstocks fermentative production of ethanol mainly is bacterial classification with the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, and behind cellulose hydrolysis generation glucose, fermentation makes ethanol.This arts demand solves two big technical problems: the hydrolysate of (1) natural cellulose is to the restraining effect of fermentation; (2) the efficient fermentation problem of ligno-cellulose hydrolysate using five-carbon sugar (wood sugar), hexose mixing sugar such as (mainly being glucose).
The method of cellulose hydrolysis mainly comprises acidolysis and enzymolysis.The former technology is loaded down with trivial details, and equipment is had corrosion, the more important thing is to produce a large amount of materials (as lactose aldehyde, phenolic compound etc.) to fermentation generation inhibition.Enzymolysis is comparatively desirable, but cellulase costs an arm and a leg, can not recycle; And because Mierocrystalline cellulose is complicated crystal structure, adhere to hemicellulose and xylogen on every side, must be after pre-treatment, cellulase just can be had an effect.Common pretreatment process has physics method (as mechanical disintegration, steam explosion etc.) and chemical method (as ozone method, acid system, alkaline process etc.), but all unsatisfactory.Wherein steam explosion has been considered to application prospect, but it has destroyed the structure of xylan, also may accumulate microorganism growth is played inhibiting material, and need to consume a large amount of steams, and xylogen can't be removed in addition.The problem that the mixing sugar fermentation occurs is because hydrolysis of hemicellulose has generated wood sugar.For yeast, wood sugar can not be generated ethanol by fermentation, and its existence have restraining effect to the cellulase hydrolysis fiber, and along with the increase of xylose concentration in the substrate, the alcoholic acid yield will descend.
At present popular in the method for lignocellulose fermentative production of ethanol is simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, this method advantage has been to remove the restraining effect of glucose to cellulase, improved enzymolysis efficiency, reduced the consumption of cellulase, needed conversion unit reduces, and contamination of heavy reduces.But along with the carrying out of fermentation, alcoholic acid accumulates in a large number and can produce very big influence to microbic activity, also cellulase is produced restraining effect simultaneously.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of natural cellulosic feedstocks to prepare the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, solve the mixing sugar fermentation with and a series of problems of causing, finally solve the inefficient problem of alcohol production.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Natural cellulosic feedstocks prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, wherein natural cellulosic feedstocks is handled with ionic liquid A and B earlier successively and removed hemicellulose, xylogen respectively, be that fermenting substrate prepares ethanol with the Mierocrystalline cellulose that obtains again, described ionic liquid A is acidity or alkali ionic liquid, and wherein acidic ion liquid is preferably with the ionic liquid of sulfonate group; Described ionic liquid B is an imidazolium halide class ionic liquid.
Key of the present invention is earlier contain in the natural cellulosic feedstocks influential hemicellulose of fermenting process and xylogen are removed respectively, the means that adopt are to use ionic liquid A and ionic liquid B respectively, acid or alkaline ionic liquid A requires that the hemicellulose in the natural cellulosic feedstocks is had good solvability, but not dissolving cellulos and xylogen; Imidazolium halide class ionic liquid B will have than big difference the solubleness of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.Be compared to the pretreatment process of physics or chemistry, this treatment process is simple, and good separating effect; Compared to the solvent of inorganic or organic class, use not only environmental protection of ionic liquid, and after simple process, promptly can be recycled, reduce cost.
Preferably, the process that natural cellulosic feedstocks is handled with ionic liquid can followingly be carried out: natural cellulosic feedstocks is crushed to 20～200 orders, adding natural cellulosic feedstocks quality 2-20 ionic liquid A doubly soaked 2-10 hour down at 60-160 ℃, isolate solid substance, the natural cellulose of the hemicellulose that is removed; With the natural cellulose of removing hemicellulose again with ionic liquid B according to mass ratio 1: 2-20 mixes, and in 60-130 ℃ of heating 0.5-4h, solid substance is separated remove, and must remove the cellulose solution of delignification, after the processing Mierocrystalline cellulose.
Isolate the ionic liquid solution that solution behind the solid substance is hemicellulose after handling with ionic liquid A in the above process, hemicellulose can be precipitated out after adding entry or ethanol, centrifugal back hemicellulose can be made his usefulness, and ionic liquid A can and recycle by regeneration behind the rotary evaporation.Imidazolium halide class ionic liquid B can dissolve hemicellulose and cellulosic, and minimum to the lignin dissolution degree, under the situation that hemicellulose has been removed, dissolved has only Mierocrystalline cellulose among the ionic liquid B, and xylogen is removed when separating as solid substance.Concrete, being dissolved with cellulosic ionic liquid can come out Cellulose precipitates by adding ethanol or water, and ionic liquid by rotary evaporation after regeneration and recycling.
Natural cellulosic feedstocks is after the ionic liquid stage treatment, xylogen and hemicellulose are separated to be removed, this has just been avoided the mixing sugar fermentation problem of hydrolysate in the follow-up diastatic fermentation process, and the incomplete restraining effect of decomposition to cellulase, having improved enzyme lives and fermentation efficiency, cumulative nonfermented material reduces in the fermenting process in addition, but the long-time continuous fermentation.
It has been proven technique comparatively that cellulase fermentations is produced ethanol, the present invention further provides comparatively preferable methods as the case may be again: with Mierocrystalline cellulose and water according to 1-4: 10 mass ratio mixes, the sterilization back adds cellulase, be incubated 20～40 hours down in 40～60 ℃ and carry out enzymolysis, and then in 30～40 ℃, aseptic access fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae 10～30 hours generates ethanol.
Enzymolysis described in present method and fermenting process preferably carry out in same reactor, and reactor bottom feeds CO in enzymolysis and the fermenting process
2Particularly when the alcoholic acid volumetric concentration reaches 3～5% in the reactor, increase CO
2Air flow to ethanol can shift out from reactor.This operation can solve the influence that a large amount of accumulation of alcoholic acid produce microbic activity, the restraining effect of also having avoided alcohol accumulation that cellulase is produced simultaneously.
Prepare in the alcoholic acid process at above-mentioned cellulose fermentation, the adding of reaction mass, enzymolysis, fermentation, alcoholic acid separate and can carry out continuously.And by CO
2The ethanol that shifts out reclaims by condensation, absorption, absorption or membrane sepn, can obtain concentration of volume percent and be 30～60% ethanol.
The renewable resources that the preferred green plants of the natural cellulosic feedstocks that the present invention mentions forms by photosynthesis as agricultural wastes such as maize straw, wheat stalk or straw, had not only been protected environment but also can utilization of waste material.
The present invention has following advantage with respect to prior art:
The present invention carries out stage treatment by utilizing eco-friendly ionic liquid to natural cellulosic feedstocks, wherein hemicellulose, xylogen etc. are removed to do his the deleterious material of fermentative production of ethanol use, only utilize Mierocrystalline cellulose to carry out ethanol fermentation, realize the complete utilization of natural cellulosic feedstocks as substrate.Simultaneously can avoid the absorption to cellulase such as hemicellulose, xylogen, improve enzyme and live; Azymous substance accumulation is few in the reactor, can realize the long-time continuous fermentation, the input concentration height, and yeast, cellulase recycle are reclaimed the alcohol concn height, water saving.
(4) embodiment:
Below with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
Embodiment 1
A certain amount of maize straw is crushed to 40 orders, adds in ionic liquid chlorination 1-methyl-3-(phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid base) Methylimidazole (acidity), soaked 4 hours down at 80 ℃ by 1: 6 mass ratio.Raw material is partly dissolved, and through centrifugal, obtaining main component is the solid substance of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.Be dissolved in half fiber in ionic liquid chlorination 1-methyl-3-(phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid base) Methylimidazole, can come out centrifugation by adding water precipitation; Ionic liquid chlorination 1-methyl-3-(phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid base) Methylimidazole can recycle by vacuum-drying.
The solid substance that contains Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen added in ionic liquid chlorination 1-allyl group-3-Methylimidazole by 6: 100 mass ratios, 110 ℃ of following oil bath heating 2 hours.Solid substance is partly dissolved, and through centrifugal, obtaining main component is the solid substance of xylogen.Be dissolved in the Mierocrystalline cellulose of ionic liquid chlorination 1-allyl group-3-Methylimidazole, be precipitated out centrifugation by adding alcohol solvent; Ionic liquid chlorination 1-allyl group-3-Methylimidazole can use by the rotary evaporation reprocessing cycle.
Separating obtained Mierocrystalline cellulose and water mixed preparing mass percent are 20% mixed solution, add in the airlift reactor, after sterilizing, add cellulase degradation, the enzyme add-on is the 100U/g Mierocrystalline cellulose, be incubated 24 hours down in 55 ℃, generate the cellulase hydrolysis thing, in this process, from the little logical CO of reactor bottom
2Stir; The cellulase hydrolysis thing is under 34 ℃, and aseptic access fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae 24 hours generates ethanol, in this process, continues from the little logical CO of reactor bottom
2Stir; When the alcoholic acid volumetric concentration reaches 3～5% in the reactor, increase CO
2Air flow carries out gas and proposes operation, utilizes CO
2The effect of carrying secretly, ethanol is shifted out from reactor.By CO
2The ethanol that shifts out reclaims by condensation method (refrigerant temperature-30 ℃), and final ethanol volumetric concentration is 40%.
Embodiment 2
A certain amount of straw is crushed to 80 orders, adds in the ionic liquid methylsulfonic acid N-Methylimidazole (acidity), soaked 6 hours down at 60 ℃ by 1: 15 mass ratio.Raw material is partly dissolved, and through centrifugal, obtaining main component is the solid substance of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.The separation of hemicellulose and ion liquid recovery method are with embodiment 1.
The solid substance that contains Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen adds in ionic liquid chlorination 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole microwave heating 1 hour by 1: 5 mass ratio.Solid substance is partly dissolved, and through centrifugal, obtaining main component is the solid substance of xylogen.Cellulosic separation and ion liquid renovation process are with embodiment 1.
Separating obtained Mierocrystalline cellulose and water mixed preparing mass percent are 40% mixed solution, add in the airlift reactor, after sterilizing, add cellulase degradation, the enzyme add-on is the 100U/g Mierocrystalline cellulose, be incubated 24 hours down in 60 ℃, generate the cellulase hydrolysis thing, in this process, from the little logical CO of reactor bottom
2Stir; The cellulase hydrolysis thing is under 34 ℃, and aseptic access fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae 24 hours generates ethanol, in this process, from the little logical CO of reactor bottom
2Stir; Subsequent operations is with embodiment 1.By CO
2The ethanol that shifts out reclaims by filling activated carbon adsorber, wait to adsorb saturated after, the regeneration of heating adsorption tower is 60% through the final alcohol concn of condensation.
Embodiment 3
A certain amount of wheat stalk is crushed to 100 orders, adds in ionic liquid hydroxide 1-methyl-3-normal-butyl imidazoles (alkalescence), soaked 8 hours down at 80 ℃ by 1: 10 mass ratio.Raw material is partly dissolved, and through centrifugal, obtaining main component is the solid substance of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.The separation of hemicellulose and ion liquid recovery method are with embodiment 1.
The solid substance that contains Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen adds in ionic liquid bromination 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole microwave heating 3 hours by 6: 100 mass ratios.Solid substance is partly dissolved, and through centrifugal, obtaining main component is the solid substance of xylogen.Cellulosic separation and ion liquid renovation process are with embodiment 1.
Separating obtained Mierocrystalline cellulose and water mixed preparing mass percent are 20% mixed solution, add in the airlift reactor, after sterilizing, add cellulase degradation, the enzyme add-on is the 100U/g Mierocrystalline cellulose, be incubated 24 hours down in 60 ℃, generate the cellulase hydrolysis thing, in this process, from the little logical CO of reactor bottom
2Stir; The cellulase hydrolysis thing is under 34 ℃, and aseptic access fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae 24 hours generates ethanol, in this process, continues from the little logical CO of reactor bottom
2Stir; When the alcoholic acid volumetric concentration reaches 3～5% in the reactor, increase CO
2Air flow carries out gas and proposes operation, and ethanol is shifted out from reactor.In reactor, add simultaneously through the Mierocrystalline cellulose of sterilization and the mixing solutions (mass percent is 40%) of water, carry out operate continuously.Other operations are with embodiment 2, and final alcohol concn is 60%.
Claims (7)
1. natural cellulosic feedstocks prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that, with natural cellulosic feedstocks successively with ionic liquid A and B handle remove hemicellulose, xylogen respectively after, with the Mierocrystalline cellulose that obtains is that fermenting substrate prepares ethanol, and described ionic liquid A is chlorination 1-methyl-3-(phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid base) Methylimidazole, methylsulfonic acid N-Methylimidazole or hydroxide 1-methyl-3-normal-butyl imidazoles; Described ionic liquid B is chlorination 1-allyl group-3-Methylimidazole, chlorination 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole, bromination 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole.
2. natural cellulosic feedstocks as claimed in claim 1 prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that natural cellulosic feedstocks is crushed to 20～200 orders, adding natural cellulosic feedstocks quality 2-20 ionic liquid A doubly soaked 2-10 hour down at 60-160 ℃, isolate solid substance, the natural cellulose of the hemicellulose that is removed; With the natural cellulose of removing hemicellulose again with ionic liquid B according to mass ratio 1: 2-20 mixes, and in 60-130 ℃ of heating 0.5-4h, solid substance is separated remove, and must remove the cellulose solution of delignification, after the processing Mierocrystalline cellulose.
3. natural cellulosic feedstocks as claimed in claim 2 prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that Mierocrystalline cellulose and water according to 1-4: 10 mass ratio mixes, the sterilization back adds cellulase, be incubated 20～40 hours down in 40～60 ℃ and carry out enzymolysis, and then in 30～40 ℃, aseptic access fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae 10～30 hours generates ethanol.
4. natural cellulosic feedstocks as claimed in claim 3 prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that described enzymolysis and fermenting process carry out in same reactor, and reactor bottom feeds CO in enzymolysis and the fermenting process
2
5. natural cellulosic feedstocks as claimed in claim 4 prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that when the alcoholic acid volumetric concentration reaches 3～5% in the reactor, increases CO
2Air flow to ethanol can shift out from reactor.
6. natural cellulosic feedstocks as claimed in claim 5 prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that adding, enzymolysis, fermentation, the alcoholic acid separation of reaction mass carried out continuously.
7. natural cellulosic feedstocks as claimed in claim 6 prepares the alcoholic acid method through ionic liquid stage treatment one-step fermentation, it is characterized in that described natural cellulosic feedstocks is maize straw, wheat stalk or straw.
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| CN2008100957987A CN101298620B (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-09 | Method for preparing ethanol by one-step fermentation after ion liquid stage treatments from native cellulose material |
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| CN101871020B (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-05-30 | 河南科技大学 | Method for preparing wood sugar, glucose and lignin with ionic liquid controllable hydrolytic wood fiber raw material |
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| JP5589871B2 (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2014-09-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Method for treating cellulosic biomass, method for producing sugar, alcohol or organic acid from cellulosic biomass |
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| US11118308B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-09-14 | Ip2Ipo Innovations Limited | Treatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquid |
| BR112015026223B1 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2022-02-22 | Metsã Spring Oy | Method of producing regenerated cellulose and regenerated hemicellulose, method of treating fiber pulp and method of fractionating hemicellulose and cellulose in fiber pulp |
| CN103469662B (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-08-12 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method applied ionic liquid-catalyzed hydrolysis and prepare nano-cellulose |
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