CN106750548A - A kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106750548A CN106750548A CN201510811704.1A CN201510811704A CN106750548A CN 106750548 A CN106750548 A CN 106750548A CN 201510811704 A CN201510811704 A CN 201510811704A CN 106750548 A CN106750548 A CN 106750548A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material, including the cellulose powder and ionic liquid for activating, and both mass ratioes are 4:1-1:1, the cellulose powder of the activation is the cellulose powder that native cellulose is obtained by mechanical lapping, and granularity is 1-100 μm.The invention also discloses the preparation method of this cellulose thermoplastic material, including, first by grind cellulose activating pretreatment, then mix with ionic liquid, the mixed refining process on thermal forming device.Destruction cellulose hydrogen bond and crystalline texture that activating pretreatment can be effective are carried out to cellulose, the more free hydroxyls of cellulose are exposed, it is effectively promoted the abundant plasticizing of cellulose, the cellulosic material section for preparing is smooth continuous, can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly, while the ionic liquid in material can completely remove acquisition cellulose I.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of natural macromolecular material.At a kind of pre-activated
Reason cellulose thermoplastic material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cellulose is cheap because of its abundance, the spy with biodegradability and Environmental compatibility
Point, is obtained in the industrial circles such as fiber, papermaking, film, polymer, coating and is widely applied.
Due to native cellulose intramolecular and it is intermolecular there is substantial amounts of hydrogen bond, while cellulose state of aggregation knot
The complexity of structure and the high-crystallinity having, so cellulose does not dissolve in general water, acetone, toluene
Deng organic solvent, pyrolytic is without melting, it is impossible to processing and forming is carried out as conventional plastic.In order to
The thermoplastic processing of cellulose is realized, it is necessary to destroy in cellulose macromolecule and intermolecular hydrogen bond, weakens fine
The plain intermolecular force of dimension.
On destroy cellulose hydrogen bond and crystalline texture physical method, have electron beam irradiation activation method,
Steam explosion method, liquid ammonia process for caustic soda purification, mechanical activation method (Radiat Phys.Chem, 2010,79:467) etc.,
Ball-milling method is due to being simply efficiently widely used in mechanical activation method.Ball milling can well destroy cellulose
Crystal structure, obtain the completely destroyed amorphous cellulose of cellulose or crystal region of low-crystallinity
(Cellulose,2004,11(2):173-167).In recent years, the dicyandiamide solution on cellulose, Publication No.
It is fine that the Chinese invention patent of CN1358769A discloses the regeneration based on NaOH-urea dissolution system
The preparation method of cellulose fiber or film.Open (SCIs, 2006,27 (3) such as army:592-594)
It was found that the ionic liquid containing glyoxaline cation can be heated to fibre at 120 DEG C as the fine solvent of cellulose
Solubility of the dimension element in ionic liquid is 10% or so.The Chinese invention of Publication No. CN 103352266A
Using the high shear forces of double screw extruder in patent, a small amount of ionic liquid is only added to realize cellulose
Mobility in extrusion.Solwution method method needs a large amount of solvents, low production efficiency, so melting adds
Engineering method is more preferably processing method, and although existing melt-processed method realizes the thermoplastic processing of cellulose,
But material section is still visible as the cellulose grain of plasticizing, cellulose is not plastified fully, such as publication number difference
It is the Chinese invention patent of 104163943A and 104194059A, the addition of ionic liquid is in fiber
The top layer plasticizing of element, and the abundant plasticizing of the inside of cellulose is not implemented.In order to realize a small amount of solvent to fibre
The abundant plasticizing of element is tieed up, a kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material and preparation method is we provided.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.The pre-activated
Treatment cellulose thermoplastic material has good toughness and mechanical strength, and section is homogeneous smooth and continuous.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation side of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material
Method.The method preparation process is simple, combine disappear brilliant effect and the mixed refining process of mechanical activation thermal field and
High shear forces, plastify cellulose more complete.
To reach above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
A kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material, including the cellulose powder and ionic liquid for activating;
The cellulose powder of the activation is the cellulose powder that native cellulose is obtained by mechanical lapping, granularity
It it is 1-100 μm, crystallinity is 0-78%.
Preferably, the cellulose powder of the activation and the mass ratio of ionic liquid are 4:1-1:1;The day
Right cellulose includes timber, cotton, fiber crops or agricultural crop straw.
Preferably, the ionic liquid is 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites or 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazoles
At least one in villaumite.
To reach above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
A kind of preparation method of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material, comprises the following steps:
1) cellulosic material is ground in ball mill or beveller, the cellulose powder for being activated;
2) by step 1) obtained by activation cellulose powder and ionic liquid according to mass ratio 4:1-1:1
5min is pre-mixed in high-speed mixer, the blended stock of cellulose ionic liquid is obtained;
3) by step 2) gained compound in mixed refining process on thermal forming device, be obtained can repeatedly thermoplastic into
The activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material of type;
Preferably, the cellulosic material is the native cellulose of threadiness, particle or pulpboard shape;It is described
Native cellulose includes timber, cotton, fiber crops or agricultural crop straw;The cellulose powder granularity of the activation
It is 1-100 μm;It is highly preferred that the cellulose powder granularity of the activation is 1-10 μm.
Preferably, step 1) in, the ball mill is selected from planetary ball mill or oscillatory type ball mill;Institute
State beveller and be selected from mortar formula beveller;The grinding rate is 200-540rpm, and milling time is 1-10h.
Preferably, step 2) ionic liquid be 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites or 1- pi-allyls -3-
At least one in methylimidazole villaumite.
Preferably, step 3) described in thermal forming device be mill or banbury;The roller of the mill
Away from being 0.2mm;The melting temperature is 80-150 DEG C;Preferably, the melting temperature is 125-140 DEG C.
Preferably, the baked drying of gained activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material or it is placed in solvent, it is complete
Full removing ionic liquid, obtains pure cellulose material.
It is highly preferred that the drying refers to dry 4h in 60-80 DEG C of baking oven;The solvent be water,
One kind in methyl alcohol or ethanol;The pure cellulose material is cellulose Ⅰ.
Due to internal hydrogen bond closely, low to external agent accessibility, general reagent hardly enters it to cellulose
It is internal.A kind of preparation method of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material of the present invention, first by cellulose in
Grinding machinery activation on ball mill or beveller, destroys cellulose hydrogen bond and crystalline texture, makes cellulose more
Free hydroxyl be exposed, increased fiber element accessibility is obtained activated cellulose powder, more conducively from
The diffusion of sub- liquid, then with ionic liquid as plasticizer, by activated cellulose and ionic liquid by certain ratio
Example mixed at high speed is uniform after mixed refining process on thermal forming device, promotes under the high shear forces of mixing facilities
Ionic liquid effectively destroys the hydrogen bond of cellulose internal residual to cellulosic molecule diffusion inside, makes fiber
Plain fully plasticizing, finally giving that a kind of section is smooth continuously can thermoplastic shaping cellulose thermoplastic material repeatedly.
Activation in the present invention to cellulose promotes plasticization of the ionic liquid to cellulose, and prepares
Activating pretreatment cellulosic material in ionic liquid can remove completely.
The species of cellulosic material, form, the method for mechanical activation and condition, cellulose is in ionic liquid
Mixed proportion, the temperature and time of mixed refining process, those skilled in the art can rule of thumb grasp.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The preparation method of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material of the present invention is simple, and by activating pretreatment,
So that the accessibility increase of cellulose, crystallinity reduction, so as to help lend some impetus to as the ionic liquid of plasticizer
The plasticization of body, promotes ionic liquid to cellulosic molecule diffusion inside, effectively inside destruction cellulose
Remaining hydrogen bond, makes cellulose fully be plastified, and the cellulose thermoplastic material for finally giving has good
Flexible and toughness, and its section is smooth continuous, has no cellulose grain.
Ionic liquid in the activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material that the present invention is prepared can be removed completely,
So as to obtain pure cellulose fibre element I.
Brief description of the drawings
Specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows XRD after the cellulose activation before processing of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 shows the infrared figure after the cellulose activation before processing of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 shows section SEM figures (a) and not of the activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material of embodiment 1
Section SEM figures (b) of the cellulose thermoplastic material that activated cellulose is obtained according to the method for embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 shows the activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material figure of embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 shows the material figure after the removing ionic liquid of embodiment 11.
Fig. 6 shows the XRD before and after the removing ionic liquid of embodiment 11.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the present invention is done into one with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
The explanation of step.Similar part is indicated with identical reference in accompanying drawing.Those skilled in the art
It should be appreciated that following specifically described content is illustrative and be not restrictive, should not be limited with this
Protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is broken for 2mm long, the section shape material of 2mm wide, 105 DEG C of vacuum drying 2h.
Take cellulose 20g after drying, in grinding 4h on planetary ball mill, mill ball be diameter 20mm, 10mm,
Quality is the zirconia ball of 300g, and grinding rate 540r/min obtains activated cellulose powder, and gained is lived
The granularity of cellulose powder is 1-10 μm, and crystallinity is about 0.Fig. 1 lives for the cellulose of embodiment 1
Change XRD after before processing, after activation process, cellulose crystallity reduction;Fig. 2 is the fibre of embodiment 1
Infrared figure before and after the plain activation process of dimension, after activation process, the hydroxyl stretching vibration of cellulose is moved to wave number high
It is dynamic, illustrate more free hydroxyls or weaker hydrogen bond action.
By obtained activated cellulose powder and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 50:50,
Mix 5min on high-speed mixer, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is
135 DEG C, roll spacing is 0.2mm, be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose heat-stabilized wood.Fig. 3
In (a) for embodiment 1 activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material section SEM figure, the smooth company of section
It is continuous, cellulose grain is had no, cellulose plasticizing is complete.(b) is not carry out activation process in Fig. 3
The section SEM figures of the cellulose thermoplastic material that unactivated cellulose is obtained according to the method for embodiment 1, still
It can be seen that the obvious big fiber of cellulose and particle.Cellulose plasticizing is incomplete.Fig. 4 is the activation of embodiment 1
Pretreatment of fiber element thermoplastic material figure, it can be seen that the activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material has well
Toughness and flexibility.
Embodiment 2
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is broken for 2mm long, the section shape material of 2mm wide, 105 DEG C of vacuum drying 2h.
Take cellulose 20g after drying, in grinding 3h on planetary ball mill, mill ball be diameter 20mm, 10mm,
Quality is the zirconia ball of 300g, and grinding rate 540r/min obtains activated cellulose powder, and gained is lived
The granularity of cellulose powder is 15-20 μm, and crystallinity is 20%.
By obtained activated cellulose powder and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 50:50,
Mix 5min on high-speed mixer, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is
135 DEG C, roll spacing is 0.2mm, be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 3
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is broken for 2mm long, the section shape material of 2mm wide, 105 DEG C of vacuum drying 2h.
Take cellulose 20g after drying, in grinding 2h on planetary ball mill, mill ball be diameter 20mm, 10mm,
Quality is the zirconia ball of 300g, and grinding rate 540r/min obtains activated cellulose powder, and gained is lived
The granularity of cellulose powder is 30-50 μm, and crystallinity is 33.3%.
By obtained activated cellulose powder and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 50:50,
Mix 5min on high-speed mixer, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is
135 DEG C, roll spacing is 0.2mm, be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 4
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is broken for 2mm long, the section shape material of 2mm wide, 105 DEG C of vacuum drying 2h.
Take cellulose 20g after drying, in grinding 1h on planetary ball mill, mill ball be diameter 20mm, 10mm,
Quality is the zirconia ball of 300g, and grinding rate 540r/min obtains activated cellulose powder, and gained is lived
The granularity of cellulose powder is 50-100 μm, and crystallinity is 55.6%.
By obtained activated cellulose powder and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 50:50,
Mix 5min on high-speed mixer, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is
135 DEG C, roll spacing is 0.2mm, be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 5
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained into activated cellulose powder according to the method for example 1, obtained activation is fine
The plain powder of dimension and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 50:50, mix on high-speed mixer
5min, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is 125 DEG C, and roll spacing is 0.2mm,
Be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 6
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained into activated cellulose powder according to the method for example 1, obtained activation is fine
The plain powder of dimension and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 50:50, mix on high-speed mixer
5min, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is 140 DEG C, and roll spacing is 0.2mm,
Be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 7
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained into activated cellulose powder according to the method for example 1, obtained activation is fine
The plain powder of dimension and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 60:40, mix on high-speed mixer
5min, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is 135 DEG C, and roll spacing is 0.2mm,
Be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 8
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained into activated cellulose powder according to the method for example 1, obtained activation is fine
The plain powder of dimension and 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 70:30, mix on high-speed mixer
5min, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is 135 DEG C, and roll spacing is 0.2mm,
Be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 9
Bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained into activated cellulose powder according to the method for example 1, obtained activation is fine
The plain powder of dimension and 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 80:20, mix on high-speed mixer
5min, then by premix in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature is 135 DEG C, and roll spacing is 0.2mm,
Be obtained can thermoplastic shaping repeatedly activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material.
Embodiment 10
Cotton pulp is obtained into activated cellulose powder according to the method for example 1, by obtained activated cellulose powder
With 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites in mass ratio 80:20,5min is mixed on high-speed mixer, then will
Premix is 135 DEG C in mill 20min in mill, mixing temperature, and roll spacing is 0.2mm, and being obtained can be anti-
The activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material of multiple thermoplastic shaping.
Embodiment 11
The activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material that bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained according to the method for example 1, puts
Yu Shuizhong, 65 DEG C of constant temperature changes water 1 time per 3h, until ionic liquid is removed completely, then 70 DEG C
Dry 4h.The removal efficiency for obtaining ionic liquid by the Mass Calculation before and after removing is 100%.Fig. 5 is removing
Material figure after ionic liquid, material hardness and intensity increase, and Fig. 6 is to remove the XRD before and after ionic liquid
Figure, material close to unformed crystalline state from being changed into cellulose Ⅰ.
Embodiment 12
The activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material that bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained according to the method for example 1, puts
In ethanol, 45 DEG C of constant temperature changes solvent 1 time per 3h, until ionic liquid is removed completely, then
70 DEG C dry 4h.Material hardness and intensity increase, from being changed into cellulose Ⅰ close to unformed crystalline state.
Embodiment 13
The activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material that bleached Kraft wood pulp is obtained according to the method for example 1, puts
In methyl alcohol, 40 DEG C of constant temperature changes solvent 1 time per 3h, until ionic liquid is removed completely, then 70 DEG C
Dry.Material hardness and intensity increase, from being changed into cellulose Ⅰ close to unformed crystalline state.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and
It is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the field,
Can also be made other changes in different forms on the basis of described above, here cannot be to all
Implementation method be exhaustive, it is every to belong to the obvious change that technical scheme is extended out
Change or change the row still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material, it is characterised in that:Including the cellulose powder for activating
End and ionic liquid;The cellulose powder of the activation is the fibre that native cellulose is obtained by mechanical lapping
The plain powder of dimension, granularity is 1-100 μm, and crystallinity is 0-78%.
2. activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute
The mass ratio of the cellulose powder and ionic liquid of stating activation is 4:1-1:1;The native cellulose includes wood
Material, cotton, fiber crops or agricultural crop straw.
3. activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute
It is at least in 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites or 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites to state ionic liquid
Kind.
4. the preparation of a kind of activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material as described in claim any one of 1-3
Method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
1) cellulosic material is ground in ball mill or beveller, the cellulose powder for being activated;
2) by step 1) obtained by activation cellulose powder and ionic liquid according to mass ratio 4:1-1:1
5min is pre-mixed in high-speed mixer, the blended stock of cellulose ionic liquid is obtained;
3) by step 2) gained compound in mixed refining process on thermal forming device, be obtained can repeatedly thermoplastic into
The activating pretreatment cellulose thermoplastic material of type.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Step 1) in, the fibre
The plain raw material of dimension is the native cellulose of threadiness, particle or pulpboard shape;The native cellulose include timber,
Cotton, fiber crops or agricultural crop straw;The cellulose powder granularity of the activation is 1-100 μm.
6. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Step 1) in, the ball
Grinding machine is selected from planetary ball mill or oscillatory type ball mill;The beveller is selected from mortar formula beveller;It is described
Grinding rate is 200-540rpm, and milling time is 1-10h.
7. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Step 2) ionic liquid
Body is at least one in 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites or 1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazole villaumites.
8. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Step 3) described in heat into
Type equipment is mill or banbury;The roll spacing of the mill is 0.2mm;The melting temperature is
80-150℃;Preferably, the melting temperature is 125-140 DEG C.
9. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Gained activating pretreatment fiber
The plain baked drying of thermoplastic material is placed in solvent, and ionic liquid is removed completely, obtains pure cellulose.
10. preparation method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:The drying refer to
4h is dried in 60-80 DEG C of baking oven;The solvent is the one kind in water, methyl alcohol or ethanol;The pure fiber
Element is cellulose Ⅰ.
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Cited By (1)
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CN108797223A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of hot plastic processing method of holocellulos material |
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CN102702365A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-03 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing micro-nano cellulose with ultra-low crystallinity |
CN103773054A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-05-07 | 南京林业大学 | Preparation method of wood fiber bio-based plastic |
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CN101298620A (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-05 | 河南科技大学 | Method for preparing ethanol by one-step fermentation after ion liquid stage treatments from native cellulose material |
CN102559807A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-07-11 | 青岛科技大学 | Method of in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in ionic liquid |
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