CN101298253B - Wheel sensor - Google Patents
Wheel sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101298253B CN101298253B CN2008100647887A CN200810064788A CN101298253B CN 101298253 B CN101298253 B CN 101298253B CN 2008100647887 A CN2008100647887 A CN 2008100647887A CN 200810064788 A CN200810064788 A CN 200810064788A CN 101298253 B CN101298253 B CN 101298253B
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- giant magnetoresistance
- magnetic field
- resistance sensor
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010415 tropism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种车轮传感器。它包括固定支架和巨磁阻传感器，巨磁阻传感器包括偏置磁场、信号调理电路和巨磁阻芯片，信号调理电路包括依次电连接的仪表放大器、数字比较器和低通滤波器，仪表放大器连接巨磁阻芯片、偏置磁场的N极对应巨磁阻芯片设置。本发明采用巨磁阻传感器设计，可用于火车车轮检测，有效减小系统的体积，提高系统的工作温度范围和系统工作的稳定性，能够很好的适应铁路现场的工作环境。
The invention provides a wheel sensor. It includes a fixed bracket and a giant magnetoresistance sensor. The giant magnetoresistance sensor includes a bias magnetic field, a signal conditioning circuit and a giant magnetoresistance chip. The signal conditioning circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier, a digital comparator, and a low-pass filter that are electrically connected in turn. The instrumentation amplifier The N pole connected to the giant magnetoresistance chip and the bias magnetic field corresponds to the setup of the giant magnetoresistance chip. The invention adopts the design of the giant magnetoresistive sensor, which can be used for the detection of train wheels, effectively reduces the volume of the system, improves the operating temperature range of the system and the stability of the system, and can well adapt to the working environment of the railway site.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wheel assembly that is used to discern rail vehicles, be specifically related to a kind of giant magnetoresistance formula wheel detector.
(2) background technology
At present, domestic wheel detection device commonly used mainly adopts hall device and electromagnetic sensor, and Hall element is a current vertical when flowing through conductor in outer magnetic field direction, can produce certain electric potential difference in the both sides perpendicular to the direction conductor in electric current and magnetic field.This electric potential difference is relevant with the variation of external magnetic field, when locomotive wheel is surperficial through the Hall components and parts, because detecting the increase of distance relatively, changes of magnetic field reduces rapidly, usually the ultimate range of Hall element detection is about 10mm, and induced signal varies with temperature apparent in view, and it is very unstable to detect baseline; Electromagnetic sensor comprises transmission and receives two coils, behind ac-excited signal logical certain on the transmitting coil, send coil and receiving coil and produce two magnetic fluxs, when wheel process sensor, magnetic flux on two coils changes, on receiving coil, will induce the voltage signal of meter axle, such sensor has bigger detection distance with respect to Hall element, but electromagnetic sensor drive coil and receiving coil also are subjected to the interference of temperature easily, system's general work temperature range is-25 ℃-70 ℃, the volume of sensor is relatively large, is restricted in the application of cold district, and usable range has certain limitation.The shell of such sensor adopts plastic casing usually, the plastic casing structural strength is relatively poor with respect to metal shell, uses for a long time under low temperature and high steady condition usually, and plastic casing also becomes fragile easily, need regular replacing sensor outer housing, be difficult to adapt to the bad working environment of railway.The promotion and application of such sensor have been limited.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adopt that giant magneto-resistance sensor designs a kind of to be used for that train wheel detects, can reduce the volume of system, the operating temperature range of raising system and the stability of system works can be good at adapting to the wheel detector of the working environment at railway scene.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: it comprises fixed support and giant magneto-resistance sensor, giant magneto-resistance sensor comprises bias magnetic field, signal conditioning circuit and giant magnetoresistance chip, signal conditioning circuit comprises instrument amplifier, digital comparator and the low-pass filter that is electrically connected successively, and the extremely corresponding giant magnetoresistance chip of N that instrument amplifier connects giant magnetoresistance chip, bias magnetic field is provided with.
The present invention also has some technical characterictics like this:
1, described giant magneto-resistance sensor is arranged in the aluminium box, and is arranged on rail by support and support bracket fastened pressing plate and colludes on the plate, is provided with bakelite between aluminium box and the support;
2, described low-pass filter is active second-order low-pass filter;
3, described giant magnetoresistance chip adopts the Wheatstone bidge type structure, carries out the detection of ferromagnetic material by differential amplification electric bridge;
4, described giant magneto-resistance sensor comprises one group of at least one giant magneto-resistance sensor.
Wheel detector of the present invention also can be formed a kind of axle count sensor, and it comprises two groups of wheel detectors, connects respectively on the interruption I/O port of microprocessor, interrupts the I/O port according to microprocessor and enters the time order and function of interruption, judges the direction of train vibration influence.The connected mode of sensor and microprocessor is, if the digital signal of sensor output is directly sent into detection signal the I/O mouth of microprocessor, if sensor output is simulating signal, adopts the AD conversion regime to connect.
Wheel detector of the present invention mainly is to utilize huge magnetic material to produce bigger resistance variations under the variation of Weak magentic-field to detect wheel.Giant magneto-resistance sensor adopts giant magnetic effect, and generally adopts Wheatstone bidge type structural design sensor head, when extraneous changes of magnetic field, causes that bridge resistor changes, and carries out the detection of ferromagnetic material by differential amplification bridge voltage.The giant magneto-resistance sensor temperature influence is smaller, and the changes of magnetic field output signal curve under the condition of different temperatures as shown in Figure 2.By curve as can be known, the detection sensitivity of the low more system of temperature will be high more.Giant magneto-resistance sensor has good directivity, and is only relevant with the changes of magnetic field that is parallel to the giant magnetoresistance chip surface, and it is suitable that sensor is installed, the rail around just can not responding to.This giant magneto-resistance sensor mainly is made up of bias magnetic field, giant magnetoresistance chip, instrument amplifier, digital comparator and low-pass filter.The wheel signal that instrument amplifier arrives the giant magnetoresistance chip detection amplify and filtering after, by comparer preset threshold voltage, obtain reacting the digital pulse signal of wheel.
Giant magneto-resistance sensor to the detection of ferromagnetic material distance greater than 20mm.Therefore can be good at being applied to the detection of train wheel.The signal of sensor and the train speed of a motor vehicle are irrelevant, can be applicable to the detection of the different speed of a motor vehicle.Having overcome the traditional passive sensor can not be to the shortcoming of low speed driving train detection.In detection, adopt the rail anchor clamps that sensor is fixed on the inboard of rail, adjust the distance of wheel rim distance sensor surface by the height of adjusting anchor clamps.The wiring layout of whole system as shown in Figure 1, these anchor clamps need not to punch on rail, and are easy for installation, shell adopts the metal shell of nonferromagnetic material, has increased the structural strength of system.The present invention is a kind of novel giant magnetoresistance formula wheel detector, adopts two sensor couplings can also be used for the axle count sensor of train simultaneously.This sensor is only responded to ferromagnetic material, can not respond to other metallics, and detection side tropism is very good, is not subjected to the interference of rail on every side, has wider temperature range.This wheel detector can be used for finishing the meter axle of zone of approach section and the sound and light alarm at road junction thereof etc.Giant magnetoresistance wheel detector of the present invention with respect to traditional axis-counting device have that volume is little, reliable operation and highly sensitive characteristics, can be widely used in the operation of railway road junction, marshalling yard, goods yard and crane field.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wiring layout of wheel detector;
Fig. 2 is the signal output waveform figure of huge Magnetic Sensor under the different operating temperature;
Fig. 3 is the detection schematic diagram of wheel detector;
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram of axis-counting device, and wherein: 12-1, a LED show, 12-2, the 2nd LED show, 13, power management.
(5) specific embodiments
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1: use as wheel detector, present embodiment adopts the giant magnetoresistance chip as the core sensing element, cooperates peripheral signal processing circuit to finish the detection of wheel.Fig. 3 detects theory diagram for the wheel detector typical circuit, giant magneto-resistance sensor comprises bias magnetic field, the giant magnetoresistance chip 8 that is electrically connected successively, instrument amplifying circuit 9, low-pass filter circuit 10 and numeral output 11, the extremely corresponding giant magnetoresistance chip 8 of the N of bias magnetic field is provided with, instrument amplifier 9 adopts the AD620 instrument amplifier in the present embodiment, low-pass filter 11 adopts active second-order low-pass filter, when external magnetic field changed, the resistance of Wheatstone bridge changed.The feeble signal of the output of electric bridge is sent into the AD620 instrument amplifier, through after the active second-order low-pass filter filtering, produces the digital pulse signal that microprocessor needs through relatively rising.Fig. 1 is sensor assembling synoptic diagram, and 1 is rail, and 2 is giant magneto-resistance sensor, is used for detecting wheel signal.3 is the aluminium box of sensor installation, and 4 is bakelite, prevents that the electric signal on the rail from influencing sensor, and 5 is support, can satisfy the needs of different rail types by the height of adjusting support, and 6 is support bracket fastened pressing plate, and 7 collude plate for rail.
Embodiment 2: use as axle count sensor, during present embodiment was used, adopting two giant magneto-resistance sensors was one group, cooperated microprocessor 14 as axle count sensor.The schematic block circuit diagram of system as shown in Figure 4, two sensors are connected respectively on the interruption I/O mouth of microprocessor 14, enter the time order and function of interruption according to microprocessor 14I/O port, judge the direction of train vibration influence.Cooperate this sensor of microprocessor to have the ability of vehicle identification, can judge vehicle or locomotive through the sensor top.When being connected with microprocessor as axis-counting device in the present embodiment, also can be one or more sensors.The shell of sensor adopts alumina based material, has improved the steadiness of whole system.
Claims (1)
1. wheel detector, it comprises fixed support, it is characterized in that it also comprises giant magneto-resistance sensor, giant magneto-resistance sensor comprises bias magnetic field, signal conditioning circuit and giant magnetoresistance chip, signal conditioning circuit comprises instrument amplifier, digital comparator and the low-pass filter that is electrically connected successively, and the extremely corresponding giant magnetoresistance chip of N that instrument amplifier connects giant magnetoresistance chip, bias magnetic field is provided with; Giant magneto-resistance sensor is arranged in the aluminium box, and is arranged on rail by support and support bracket fastened pressing plate and colludes on the plate, is provided with bakelite between aluminium box and the support; Low-pass filter is active second-order low-pass filter; The giant magnetoresistance chip adopts the Wheatstone bidge type structure, carries out the detection of ferromagnetic material by differential amplification electric bridge; Giant magneto-resistance sensor comprises one group of at least one giant magneto-resistance sensor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100647887A CN101298253B (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2008-06-23 | Wheel sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100647887A CN101298253B (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2008-06-23 | Wheel sensor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101298253A CN101298253A (en) | 2008-11-05 |
| CN101298253B true CN101298253B (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2008100647887A Expired - Fee Related CN101298253B (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2008-06-23 | Wheel sensor |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103661489A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 四川川煤华荣能源股份有限公司花山煤矿 | Railway axle counting sensor |
| CN112722005A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 辽宁业升轨道驱动装备技术有限公司 | Urban rail train derailing detection method |
| CN112722004A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 辽宁业升轨道驱动装备技术有限公司 | Urban rail train derailment detection system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2577287Y (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2003-10-01 | 深圳市华夏磁电子技术开发有限公司 | Gear sensor |
| CN1538179A (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-20 | 华东师范大学 | Nano magnetic speed sensor |
| CN201007719Y (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-01-16 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Giant magnetic sensor and giant magnetic sensor speed measuring mechanism |
| CN100514069C (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2009-07-15 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Giant magnetic sensor and velocity measurement mechanisms |
-
2008
- 2008-06-23 CN CN2008100647887A patent/CN101298253B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2577287Y (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2003-10-01 | 深圳市华夏磁电子技术开发有限公司 | Gear sensor |
| CN1538179A (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-20 | 华东师范大学 | Nano magnetic speed sensor |
| CN201007719Y (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-01-16 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Giant magnetic sensor and giant magnetic sensor speed measuring mechanism |
| CN100514069C (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2009-07-15 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Giant magnetic sensor and velocity measurement mechanisms |
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| CN101298253A (en) | 2008-11-05 |
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Granted publication date: 20111109 Termination date: 20120623 |