CN101291124A - Photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light - Google Patents
Photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light Download PDFInfo
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- CN101291124A CN101291124A CNA2007101775572A CN200710177557A CN101291124A CN 101291124 A CN101291124 A CN 101291124A CN A2007101775572 A CNA2007101775572 A CN A2007101775572A CN 200710177557 A CN200710177557 A CN 200710177557A CN 101291124 A CN101291124 A CN 101291124A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic tracking optical angle sensor, consisting of a sensor body structure and a sensor post-stage signal processing circuit. The body structure part mainly comprises a sealing transparent glass shade 1, a top surface horizontal baffle 2, a sensor column side 3, photosensor elements 4, a light transmission slit 5, a facade groove 6 and a bottom surface photosensor element. The post-stage signal processing circuit mainly comprises a top surface photosensor element output signal processing circuit and a bottom surface photosensor element output signal processing circuit. The optical angle sensor adopts two working ways of coarse detection and precise detection. The coarse detection is finished by using four photosensor elements on the top surface which are arranged symmetrically and corresponding electric bridge comparison circuits, and the precise detection is finished by using the slit on the top surface, the photosensor element on the bottom surface and corresponding signal processing circuits. The photovoltaic tracking optical angle sensor can not only have higher tracking precision, but also have wider detection angle range, thereby well adapting to environment of wind-sand and having better capacity of resisting rain and snow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar automatic tracking system, particularly photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light.
Background technology
Along with becoming increasingly conspicuous of the energy and environmental problem, the development and utilization of regenerative resource has caused common people's attention gradually.Solar energy with its cleaning, have a very wide distribution, utilize characteristics such as convenient to become to develop regenerative resource faster.Solar energy power generating is one of principal mode of solar energy utilization, but because costing an arm and a leg of present solar panel causes the cost of photovoltaic generation high, so restricted the development of solar energy power generating industry.Therefore how to improve the utilization ratio of solar energy, reduce solar energy and utilize cost to become the focus of present people's research.The sun being followed the tracks of, guaranteed solar incident ray vertical incidence all the time, improve the solar irradiation amount of radiation, is to improve simple and one of the effective measures of sun utilance.
In passive type photovoltaic array tracking generating system, photovoltaic array depends on the accuracy of detection of the sunlight angle detection mechanism that it adopted to a great extent to the tracking accuracy of the sun.Therefore, photovoltaic array optic angle degree Design of Sensor is one of key technology of passive type photovoltaic array tracking generating system.Existing optic angle degree transducer or be that price is comparatively expensive is difficult to promote the use of; Be that performances such as the precision that detects and detection range are difficult to reach requirement, though cheap, poor availability.Therefore, the photovoltaic array optic angle degree transducer of exploiting economy practicality can advance the development of passive type photovoltaic array tracking generating system effectively.Propose a kind of slit that utilizes among the Chinese patent CN2636210Y " magazine sciagraphy solar automatic tracking system photocell transducer " and produced long and narrow irradiate light to photocell, to distinguish the method for position of sun, this method thinking is simple, with low cost, but this sensor photosensitive scope is little, and when the angle that departs from when the sun was excessive, sunlight can only shine on the inwall of box after seeing through slit, the photocell on the box bottom surface can't be shone, therefore also just position of sun can not be found.In addition, this slit designs is stopped up by accumulated snow in weather such as sleet easily, or at cassette interior ponding, so practicality is relatively poor.Chinese patent CN 2807140 " comprehensive sun position sensor " has proposed a kind of baffle plate that utilizes and has kept the sun off to obtain the way of sunlight vertical incidence direction, this device has the wide advantage of solar incident angle detection range, and the ability of comprehensive detection position of sun skew.But its ability that adapts to environment such as sand and dust, accumulated snow is relatively poor, when filter during by asymmetric pollution, this transducer output can produce fixing error, when even filter is not contaminated, when sunlight incident drift angle hour, the terrestrial solar radiation that two light-sensitive elements of symmetry obtain is all very few, and the electric bridge comparison circuit of being built is difficult to distinguish the fine difference of this moment, so this circuit is difficult to obtain higher tracking accuracy.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the shortcoming of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of new optic angle degree transducer, be mainly used in photovoltaic tracking power generation system, this transducer detects angular deviation between the sun and the photovoltaic array by inner light-sensitive element, and angulation deviation signal, be transferred to electric control system, electric control system is according to the angular deviation signal that is obtained, adjust the attitude of photovoltaic array, to reduce the angle between photovoltaic array normal direction and the sunlight incident direction, up to sunlight direct light photovoltaic array surface, at this moment, the optic angle degree transducer that is proposed will be exported the signal of " with the accurate sun ", and electric control system is followed the tracks of and finished after receiving " with the accurate sun " signal.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is:
The designed optic angle degree transducer of the present invention has adopted two groups of light-sensitive devices altogether, one group of thick tracking that is used for solar azimuth, and other one group is used for the essence of solar azimuth is followed the tracks of.The principle that thick tracking section adopts baffle plate to isolate, four light-sensitive elements are evenly distributed on the east of transducer end face, south, the west, on the four direction of north, the output of two relative light-sensitive elements is connected to two inputs of a bridge circuit, when sunlight oblique fire angle is big, these relative two light-sensitive elements can only have a radiation that receives sunlight, another one is blocked by edge-on groove, therefore the electric bridge input will produce tangible two signals of telecommunication of contrast, thereby make electric control system obtain solar azimuth signal accurately, promptly judge the east that the sun is in photovoltaic array, south, the west, north is which orientation.Smart tracking section adopts the way of slit printing opacity, two slits of right-angled intersection have been designed at the end face of transducer, sunlight is after seeing through the slit of transducer end face, will on the transducer bottom surface, form two vertical light belts, the present invention on the bottom surface of transducer according to specific design arrangement several light-sensitive elements, thereby make different light-sensitive elements shine upon different solar incident angles, by analysis to light-sensitive element exposure situation on the transducer bottom surface, can accurately judge the orientation of the current sun, this transducer has been abandoned the light-sensitive element of traditional analog quantity output, as photocell etc., and use the light-sensitive element of discrete instead, therefore the solar azimuth signal of the smart tracking section output in transducer bottom surface is a digital signal, this design had both improved the accuracy of the detection of position of sun, help transducer and electric control system interface again, make modern control technology be used for the solar tracking electricity generation system more expediently.In addition,, the hemisphere transparent glass cover is arranged, the transducer top is sealed in the transducer top design in order to make designed optic angle degree transducer can be applicable in the windy and dusty environment and to have abilities such as anti-sleet.
The present invention with respect to the beneficial effect of prior art is:
One, this transducer comprise solar azimuth rough detection and the smart detection of solar azimuth to the detection of solar azimuth, the solar azimuth rough detection lays particular emphasis on the sensor photosensitive scope of widening, the smart detection of solar azimuth then lays particular emphasis on the accuracy of detection that increases angle, and this two-part combination has solved wide sensitive volume that traditional azimuth sensor has and the contradiction between the high sensitization precision well;
Two, the selected light-sensitive element of this transducer is all the universal optical sensing device, so it is cheap, and the high-precision realization of this transducer is by photosensitive components and parts are carried out rational deployment, and utilizes himself geometry to finish.Therefore under prerequisite cheaply, realized high Precision Detection, solved the high-performance of high-precision sensor and the contradiction between the low price the sunlight angle;
Three, this transducer end face has adopted the hemisphere transparent glass cover to seal, therefore have waterproof, rain and snow and anti-dust ability preferably, in addition, the design of the cross slit of transducer end face has also strengthened the ability of its desertification dirt, compared with the design of traditional aperture printing opacity, the light path that slit forms is more difficult to be blocked because of factors such as dust pollutions.From above 2 as can be known, the optic angle degree transducer of being invented can adapt to the environment for use of the bad weather and the strong sand and dust of sleet, hail, still can use in unattended Desert Area, has stronger practicality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light outside drawing is among the figure: 1 hemisphere transparent glass cover, the flat baffle plate of 2 end faces, 3 cylindrical sides, 4 end face photodiodes, 5 transmissive slits, 6 facade grooves, 7 bottom surfaces, 8 bottom surface photodiodes;
Fig. 2 photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light bottom surface light-sensitive element layout;
Fig. 3 A district light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit;
Fig. 4 P district light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit;
Fig. 5 end face light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit;
Fig. 6 passive type photovoltaic tracking power generation system fundamental diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light of the present invention is made up of two parts altogether, is respectively main part and post processing electric circuit.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are its main part.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes hemisphere transparent glass cover 1, the flat baffle plate 2 of end face, cylindrical sides 3, transmissive slit 5, facade groove 6, bottom surface 7.
Hemisphere transparent glass cover 1 covers on the cylindrical sides 3, and combines closely with cylindrical sides 3.Light-sensitive element 4 is made up of four photodiodes, is symmetrically distributed on east, south, west, the north four direction.Facade groove 6 has four, and is corresponding with four photodiodes, is east, south, west, north symmetrical distribution, and is positioned at four photodiode inboards, and four photosensitive two utmost points place in the facade groove 6.Transmissive slit 5 is two narrow slits that carve on end face baffle plate 2, and two narrow slits intersect vertically, and one is east-west direction, and another is a North and South direction.
Fig. 2 is bottom surface of the present invention 7 light-sensitive element layouts, and as shown in Figure 2, the bottom surface is divided into six zones, is designated as A district, B district, C district, D district, P district and Q district, and six zones all are furnished with photodiode 8.Be furnished with in the A district nine light-sensitive elements be respectively A1, A2 ..., A9, A1 to A9 arranges that point-blank the arrangement of B district, C district, D district light-sensitive element is identical with the A district.Light-sensitive element is the horizontal linear layout in the P district, have four light-sensitive elements, be respectively P1, P2, P3, P4, light-sensitive element is the vertical line layout in the Q district, four light-sensitive elements are arranged equally, be respectively Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, P district and Q district are vertically intersected on a bit, place a light-sensitive element at this intersection point place, be designated as O.
Post processing electric circuit is made up of A district, B district, C district, D district, P district, Q district signal processing circuit and end face signal processing circuit, they have independently respectively, and output port links to each other with the I/O of microprocessor, wherein the signal processing circuit in A district, B district, C district, D district is identical, P district, Q district signal processing circuit are identical, so followingly only A district signal processing circuit, P district signal processing circuit and end face signal processing circuit are described.
Fig. 3 is A district light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit, and existing is that photodiode is that example describes this circuit with used light-sensitive element.As shown in Figure 3, this circuit has 5 partial functions, is respectively the conversion of output signal, the amplification of output signal, the logical operation of output signal, the analog-to-digital conversion of output signal and the photoelectricity of output signal and isolates.Its circuit connecting mode is as follows: resistance R 2 and photodiode A1, capacitor C 1 are in parallel, the plus earth of photodiode A1, resistance R 1 is connected between the negative electrode of 3 pin of operational amplifier U1A and photodiode A1, resistance R 3 is connected between 2 pin and ground of operational amplifier U1A, resistance R 108 is connected in parallel between 1 pin and 2 pin of operational amplifier U1A, so far, finished conversion of signals and the amplification of photodiode A1, photodiode A2 ..., the A9 signal conversion with to amplify employed circuit identical with A1.Photodiode A1, A2, the signal of A9 output passes through diode D6 respectively through conversion with after amplifying, D7, D14 links to each other with 1 pin of potentiometer WR11, the 3 pin ground connection of potentiometer WR11, capacitor C 76 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground of potentiometer WR11,2 pin of potentiometer WR11 link to each other with 5 pin of operational amplifier U6B through R48,1 pin of potentiometer WR12 connects+the 12V power supply, 3 pin ground connection, 2 pin link to each other with 6 pin of operational amplifier U6B, capacitor C 77 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground of potentiometer WR12, and resistance R 166 is connected in parallel between 5 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U6B.Resistance R 171 is connected between the base stage of 7 pin of operational amplifier U6B and triode N1, resistance R 174 is connected in parallel between 7 pin and ground SGND of operational amplifier U6B, 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U28 links to each other with S+12V through resistance R 168,2 pin link to each other with the collector electrode of triode N1,3 pin connecting terminal Position-A, resistance R 177 is connected in parallel between 3 pin and ground GND of photoelectrical coupler U28.
Fig. 4 is P district light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit figure, is that photodiode is that example is described with used light-sensitive element equally.Resistance R 17 and photodiode P1, capacitor C 6 are in parallel, the plus earth SGND of photodiode P1, resistance R 16 is connected between the negative electrode of 3 pin of operational amplifier U7A and photodiode P1, resistance R 18 is connected between 2 pin and ground SGND of operational amplifier U7A, and resistance R 113 is connected in parallel between 1 pin and 2 pin of operational amplifier U7A.1 pin of operational amplifier U7A links to each other with 1 pin of potentiometer WR1, the 3 pin ground connection SGND of potentiometer WR1, capacitor C 19 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground SGND of potentiometer WR1,2 pin of potentiometer WR1 link to each other with 5 pin of operational amplifier U9B through R43,1 pin of potentiometer WR2 connects the S+12V power supply, 3 pin ground connection SGND, 2 pin link to each other with 6 pin of operational amplifier U9B, capacitor C 20 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground SGND of potentiometer WR2, resistance R 161 is connected in parallel between 5 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U9B, so far, the digitlization EOC of photodiode P1 output signal, other photodiode P2, P3, P4, the digitlization change-over circuit of O output signal is identical with P1.Next, 7 pin of operational amplifier U9B respectively and with 1 pin of door X1A, 4 pin with door X1B, 9 pin with door X1C, link to each other with 12 pin of door X1D, 1 pin of operational amplifier U10A respectively and with 2 pin of door X1A, 1 pin with door X2A, 4 pin with door X2B, link to each other with 9 pin of door X2C, 7 pin of operational amplifier U10B respectively and with 5 pin of door X1B, 2 pin with door X2A, 12 pin with door X2D, link to each other with 1 pin of door X3A, 1 pin of operational amplifier U11A respectively and with 10 pin of door X1C, 5 pin with door X2B, 13 pin with door X2D, link to each other with 4 pin of door X3B, 7 pin of operational amplifier U11B respectively and with 13 pin of door X1D, 10 pin with door X2C, 2 pin with door X3A, link to each other with 5 pin of door X3B.Or 1 pin of door X4A with link to each other with 3 pin of door X1A, or 2 pin of X4A with link to each other with 6 pin of door X1B.Or 9 pin of door X4C with link to each other with 8 pin of door X1C, or 10 pin of X4C with link to each other with 11 pin of door X1D.Or 12 pin of door X4D with link to each other with 3 pin of door X2A, or 13 pin of X4D with link to each other with 6 pin of door X2B.Or 4 pin of door X5B with link to each other with 8 pin of door X2C, or 5 pin of X5B with link to each other with 11 pin of door X2D.Or 9 pin of door X5C with link to each other with 3 pin of door X3A, or 10 pin of X5C with link to each other with 6 pin of door X3B.Or 4 pin of door X4B and or 3 pin of X4A link to each other, or 5 pin of door X4B and or 8 pin of X4C link to each other, or 1 pin of door X5A and or 11 pin of X4D link to each other, or 2 pin of door X5A and or 6 pin of X5B link to each other, or 12 pin of door X5D and or 6 pin of X4B link to each other, or 13 pin of door X5D and or 3 pin of X5A link to each other, or 1 pin of door X6A and or 11 pin of X5D link to each other, or 2 pin of door X6A and or 8 pin of X5C link to each other, 3 pin last or door X6A link to each other with the base stage of triode N2 through resistance R 172, resistance R 175 be connected in parallel on or the door X6A 3 pin and ground SGND between, the grounded emitter SGND of triode N2, collector electrode links to each other with 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29,1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29 meets power supply S+12V through resistance R 169,4 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29 connect+the 5V power supply, and 3 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29 meet lead-out terminal Position-P, and resistance R 178 is connected in parallel between 3 pin and ground GND of photoelectrical coupler U29.
Fig. 5 is the rough detection circuit theory diagrams, and as shown in Figure 5, photodiode East, West, South and North are the light-sensitive element that is distributed on the transducer end face East, West, South, North four direction, and presses close to the edge of circular arc.Wherein photodiode East, resistance R 50 and capacitor C 48 parallel connections, the plus earth SGND of photodiode East, resistance R 49 is connected between 3 pin of the negative electrode of diode East and operational amplifier U12A, resistance R 51 is connected between 2 pin of ground SGND and operational amplifier U12A, resistance R 159 is connected in parallel between 1 pin and 2 pin of operational amplifier, 8 pin of operational amplifier meet power supply S+12V, 4 pin ground connection GND, and capacitor C 79 is connected in parallel between power supply S+12V and the ground SGND.1 pin of potentiometer WR27 links to each other with 1 pin of operational amplifier U12A, and capacitor C 81 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and 3 pin of operational amplifier U12A, and resistance R 180 is connected between 2 pin of 5 pin of operational amplifier U13B and potentiometer WR27.
Photodiode West, resistance R 106 and capacitor C 83 parallel connections, the plus earth SGND of photodiode West, resistance R 52 is connected between 5 pin of the negative electrode of diode West and operational amplifier U12B, resistance R 107 is connected between 6 pin of ground SGND and operational amplifier U12B, and resistance R 160 is connected in parallel between 6 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B.1 pin of potentiometer WR28 links to each other with 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B, and capacitor C 84 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and 3 pin of operational amplifier U12B, the 3 pin ground connection of potentiometer WR28, and resistance R 167 is connected in parallel between 5 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U13B.Resistance R 176 is connected in parallel between 7 pin and ground SGND of operational amplifier U13B, resistance R 173 is connected between the base stage of 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B and triode N6, the grounded emitter of triode N6, collector electrode connects 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30,1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30 meets S+12V through resistance R 170,4 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30 connect+5V, and 3 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30 meet lead-out terminal Position-EW, and resistance R 179 is connected in parallel between 3 pin and ground SGND of photoelectrical coupler U30.The signal processing circuit of a pair of in addition photodiode South and North is identical with the signal processing circuit of East and West.
Fig. 6 is the tracking generating system fundamental diagram, as shown in Figure 6, optic angle degree transducer is installed on the photovoltaic array, when the photovoltaic array attitude changes, the variation that optic angle degree transducer can record the angle of incidence of sunlight degree, and with this variation in the mode of digital signal by delivery outlet E, W, S, N, A, B, C, D, P, Q sends to the outside, micro controller system is by I/O mouth PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4, PA5, PA6, PB1, PB2, PB3, PB4 receives the optic angle degree signal of optic angle degree transducer output, and follow the tracks of its and produce drive motors control signal, from I/O mouth PC1, PC2, PC3 sends to motor driver, the control motor finally makes photovoltaic array rotate to the target location according to the instruction rotation.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
The optic angle degree transducer of developing the detection of solar angle is divided into two steps, carry out rough detection earlier, be smart the detection then.The process of rough detection is as follows: when sunlight incident drift angle is big, the solar radiation that sees through transmissive slit 5 is on the sensors sides cylindrical inner wall, can't arrive the transducer bottom surface, the bottom surface photodiode can not get solar light irradiation, so the photodiode that is arranged on the bottom surface does not all have signal output, do not work in the smart test section of transducer.Four photodiode East, West, South and the North that are positioned on the transducer end face this moment have two irradiations that can receive sunlight at least.In sunlight incident drift angle when enough big, relative two photodiodes such as East and West only have one and experience sunlight, and another will be blocked by edge-on groove.As shown in Figure 5, when sunlight when direction by east is injected, photodiode East is by solar radiation, photodiode West is blocked, the output current that the output current signal that photodiode East produces obviously produces greater than photodiode West, therefore, resistance R 50 both end voltage are greater than resistance R 106 both end voltage, amplify through signal, voltage at 1 pin of operational amplifier U12A will be greater than the voltage on 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B, so the input voltage of 5 pin of operational amplifier U13B is greater than the input voltage of its 6 pin, 7 pin of operational amplifier U13B are exported high level.The high level of 7 pin of U13B drives triode N6 conductings through resistance R 173, under the driving of S+12V power supply and resistance R 170, and photoelectrical coupler U30 conducting, 3 pin of U30 are drawn high by+5V power supply, and lead-out terminal Position-EW exports high level signal.E mouth corresponding to Fig. 6 transducer will be high level, and the W mouth will be low level.Microcontroller will be controlled motor photovoltaic array is rotated to east orientation this moment, and angle of incidence of sunlight degree deviation reduces.
Photovoltaic array will be always to the east orientation rotation, move on the bottom surface of transducer up to the point of irradiation of the sunlight that passes transmissive slit 5 side by transducer, transducer enters smart testing state.This moment, two orthogonal light belts can appear in the transducer bottom surface, suppose that these two light belts are radiated at photodiode A2, B2, D3, on the A3, as shown in Figure 3, produce photoelectric current behind the A3 exposure, generate a voltage signal at resistance R 8 two ends, this voltage signal amplifies through operational amplifier U2A, drive diode D8 conducting, pass through potentiometer WR11 dividing potential drop again, the new sampled voltage signal that produces at 2 pin of potentiometer WR11, this sampled signal is compared with the fixed voltage value that presets by operational amplifier U6B, when the sunlight that passes slit is general illumination, this sampled signal should be bigger than the fixed voltage value that sets far away, so 7 pin of U6B can be exported high level.Because 7 pin of U6B output high level is driven conducting through resistance R 171 triode N1, under the driving of S+12V power supply and resistance R 168, photoelectrical coupler U28 conducting, its pin 3 quilt+5V power supplys are drawn high, and lead-out terminal Position-A exports high level, is high level corresponding to A mouth among Fig. 6.It is identical with the processing procedure of A3 that A2, B2, D3 generate the Signal Processing process, so output port A, the B of optic angle degree transducer, D all export high level among Fig. 6, microcontroller decidable sunlight incident direction is the southeasterly direction in view of the above, to control motor rotates photovoltaic array westwards, northwards, the light belt that passes two slits will move to P district and Q district gradually, be radiated at P district and Q district up to light belt.
This moment, working sensor was in the state of " identification of sunlight direct projection ".As shown in Figure 4, photodiode P1, P2, P3, P4, O are shone by light belt, at this moment as long as any two output photoelectric currents in these 5 photodiodes all can be exported high level at the final output port of circuit, think that sunlight vertically injected transducer.Its concrete course of work is as follows: with P1, the P2 two-way is an example, the illuminated back output of P1 photoelectric current, this current flowing resistance R17 is converted to voltage signal, this voltage signal is amplified by the amplifying circuit that operational amplifier U7A forms, carry out dividing potential drop by potentiometer WR1 again, through exporting to 5 pin of operational amplifier U9B after the resistance R 43, because the voltage that 2 pin of potentiometer WR2 are imported is a very little fixed value that configures, signal voltage on 5 pin of operational amplifier U9B will be much larger than the voltage on 6 pin of operational amplifier U9B, 7 pin of operational amplifier U9B will be exported high level, in like manner, after P2 is illuminated, 1 pin of operational amplifier U10A also will produce a high level signal, 7 pin of U9B and 1 pin of U10A are connected on respectively on two input port 1 pin and 2 pin with door X1A, therefore will export high level with 3 pin of door X1A, process or door X4A, X4B, X5D, the exclusive disjunction of X6A, 3 pin of X6A will be exported a high level, this high level drives triode N2 conducting, and then make photoelectrical coupler U29 conducting, the 3 pin output high level of photoelectrical coupler U29, in Fig. 6, the P mouth is output as high level.In like manner, Q district Signal Processing process is identical therewith.When P among Fig. 6 and Q were output as high level simultaneously, the expression sunlight is the direct light photovoltaic array, and whole testing process finishes.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light is characterized in that comprising main part and post processing electric circuit; Main part comprises hemisphere transparent glass cover (1), the flat baffle plate of end face (2), cylindrical sides (3), transmissive slit (5) and facade groove (6), the bottom surface is divided into A, B, C, D, six zones of P, Q, and six zones all are furnished with photodiode (8); 9 light-sensitive element A1, the A2 in A district ..., A9, A1 to A9 arranges that point-blank the arrangement of B district, C district, D district light-sensitive element is identical with the A district; Four light-sensitive element P1, P2, P3, the P4 in P district are horizontal linear and arrange, four light-sensitive element Q1, Q2, Q3, Q 4 are the vertical line layout in the Q district, and P district and Q district are vertically intersected on the o point; Post processing electric circuit is made up of A district, B district, C district, D district, P district, Q district signal processing circuit and end face signal processing circuit, each circuit has independently respectively, and output port links to each other with the I/O of microprocessor, wherein the signal processing circuit in A district, B district, C district, D district is identical, and P district, Q district signal processing circuit are identical.
2, photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described A district light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit, the photoelectricity isolation features of the conversion of execution output signal, output signal amplification, output signal logical operation, output signal analog-to-digital conversion and output signal; Its circuit connecting mode is as follows:
Resistance R 2 and photodiode A1, capacitor C 1 are in parallel, the plus earth of photodiode A1, resistance R 1 is connected between the negative electrode of 3 pin of operational amplifier U1A and photodiode A1, resistance R 3 is connected between 2 pin and ground of operational amplifier U1A, and resistance R 108 is connected in parallel between 1 pin and 2 pin of operational amplifier U1A; Photodiode A2 ..., the A9 signal conversion with to amplify employed circuit identical with A1; Photodiode A1, A2, the signal of A9 output passes through diode D6 respectively through conversion with after amplifying, D7, D14 links to each other with 1 pin of potentiometer WR11, the 3 pin ground connection of potentiometer WR11, capacitor C 76 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground of potentiometer WR11,2 pin of potentiometer WR11 link to each other with 5 pin of operational amplifier U6B through R48,1 pin of potentiometer WR12 connects+the 12V power supply, 3 pin ground connection, 2 pin link to each other with 6 pin of operational amplifier U6B, capacitor C 77 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground of potentiometer WR12, and resistance R 166 is connected in parallel between 5 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U6B; Resistance R 171 is connected between the base stage of 7 pin of operational amplifier U6B and triode N1, resistance R 174 is connected in parallel between 7 pin and ground SGND of operational amplifier U6B, 1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U28 links to each other with S+12V through resistance R 168,2 pin link to each other with the collector electrode of triode N1,3 pin connecting terminal Position-A, resistance R 177 is connected in parallel between 3 pin and ground GND of photoelectrical coupler U28.
3, photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described P district light-sensitive element output signal processing circuit, resistance R 17 and photodiode P1, capacitor C 6 are in parallel, the plus earth SGND of photodiode P1, resistance R 16 is connected between the negative electrode of 3 pin of operational amplifier U7A and photodiode P1, and resistance R 18 is connected between 2 pin and ground SGND of operational amplifier U7A, and resistance R 113 is connected in parallel between 1 pin and 2 pin of operational amplifier U7A; 1 pin of operational amplifier U7A links to each other with 1 pin of potentiometer WR1, the 3 pin ground connection SGND of potentiometer WR1, capacitor C 19 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground SGND of potentiometer WR1,2 pin of potentiometer WR1 link to each other with 5 pin of operational amplifier U9B through R43,1 pin of potentiometer WR2 connects the S+12V power supply, 3 pin ground connection SGND, and 2 pin link to each other with 6 pin of operational amplifier U9B, capacitor C 20 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and ground SGND of potentiometer WR2, and resistance R 161 is connected in parallel between 5 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U9B; The digitlization change-over circuit of photodiode P2, P3, P4, O output signal is identical with P1; 7 pin of operational amplifier U9B respectively and with 1 pin of door X1A, 4 pin with door X1B, 9 pin with door X1C, link to each other with 12 pin of door X1D, 1 pin of operational amplifier U10A respectively and with 2 pin of door X1A, 1 pin with door X2A, 4 pin with door X2B, link to each other with 9 pin of door X2C, 7 pin of operational amplifier U10B respectively and with 5 pin of door X1B, 2 pin with door X2A, 12 pin with door X2D, link to each other with 1 pin of door X3A, 1 pin of operational amplifier U11A respectively and with 10 pin of door X1C, 5 pin with door X2B, 13 pin with door X2D, link to each other with 4 pin of door X3B, 7 pin of operational amplifier U11B respectively and with 13 pin of door X1D, 10 pin with door X2C, 2 pin with door X3A, link to each other with 5 pin of door X3B; Or 1 pin of door X4A with link to each other with 3 pin of door X1A, or 2 pin of X4A with link to each other with 6 pin of door X1B.Or 9 pin of door X4C with link to each other with 8 pin of door X1C, or 10 pin of X4C with link to each other with 11 pin of door X1D; Or 12 pin of door X4D with link to each other with 3 pin of door X2A, or 13 pin of X4D with link to each other with 6 pin of door X2B; Or 4 pin of door X5B with link to each other with 8 pin of door X2C, or 5 pin of X5B with link to each other with 11 pin of door X2D; Or 9 pin of door X5C with link to each other with 3 pin of door X3A, or 10 pin of X5C with link to each other with 6 pin of door X3B; Or 4 pin of door X4B and or 3 pin of X4A link to each other, or 5 pin of door X4B and or 8 pin of X4C link to each other, or 1 pin of door X5A and or 11 pin of X4D link to each other, or 2 pin of door X5A and or 6 pin of X5B link to each other, or 12 pin of door X5D and or 6 pin of X4B link to each other, or 13 pin of door X5D and or 3 pin of X5A link to each other, or 1 pin of door X6A and or 11 pin of X5D link to each other, or 2 pin of door X6A and or 8 pin of X5C link to each other, 3 pin last or door X6A link to each other with the base stage of triode N2 through resistance R 172, resistance R 175 be connected in parallel on or the door X6A 3 pin and ground SGND between, the grounded emitter SGND of triode N2, collector electrode links to each other with 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29,1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29 meets power supply S+12V through resistance R 169,4 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29 connect+the 5V power supply, and 3 pin of photoelectrical coupler U29 meet lead-out terminal Position-P, and resistance R 178 is connected in parallel between 3 pin and ground GND of photoelectrical coupler U29.
4, photovoltaic sensor tracing angle of light according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be distributed in transducer end face east, the west, south, light-sensitive element (8) on the four direction of north is photodiode East, West, South and North, photodiode East wherein, resistance R 50 and capacitor C 48 parallel connections, the plus earth SGND of photodiode East, resistance R 49 is connected between 3 pin of the negative electrode of diode East and operational amplifier U12A, resistance R 51 is connected between 2 pin of ground SGND and operational amplifier U12A, resistance R 159 is connected in parallel between 1 pin and 2 pin of operational amplifier, 8 pin of operational amplifier meet power supply S+12V, 4 pin ground connection GND, capacitor C 79 is connected in parallel between power supply S+12V and the ground SGND; 1 pin of potentiometer WR27 links to each other with 1 pin of operational amplifier U12A, and capacitor C 81 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and 3 pin of operational amplifier U12A, and resistance R 180 is connected between 2 pin of 5 pin of operational amplifier U13B and potentiometer WR27; Photodiode West, resistance R 106 and capacitor C 83 parallel connections, the plus earth SGND of photodiode West, resistance R 52 is connected between 5 pin of the negative electrode of diode West and operational amplifier U12B, resistance R 107 is connected between 6 pin of ground SGND and operational amplifier U12B, and resistance R 160 is connected in parallel between 6 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B; 1 pin of potentiometer WR28 links to each other with 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B, and capacitor C 84 is connected in parallel between 2 pin and 3 pin of operational amplifier U12B, the 3 pin ground connection of potentiometer WR28, and resistance R 167 is connected in parallel between 5 pin and 7 pin of operational amplifier U13B; Resistance R 176 is connected in parallel between 7 pin and ground SGND of operational amplifier U13B, resistance R 173 is connected between the base stage of 7 pin of operational amplifier U12B and triode N6, the grounded emitter of triode N6, collector electrode connects 2 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30,1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30 meets S+12V through resistance R 170,4 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30 connect+5V, and 3 pin of photoelectrical coupler U30 meet lead-out terminal Position-EW, and resistance R 179 is connected in parallel between 3 pin and ground SGND of photoelectrical coupler U30; The signal processing circuit of a pair of in addition photodiode South and North is identical with the signal processing circuit of East and West.
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