CN101289251B - Simulation method of adsorbing and settling process of activated sludge based on PCA model - Google Patents

Simulation method of adsorbing and settling process of activated sludge based on PCA model Download PDF

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CN101289251B
CN101289251B CN2008101061435A CN200810106143A CN101289251B CN 101289251 B CN101289251 B CN 101289251B CN 2008101061435 A CN2008101061435 A CN 2008101061435A CN 200810106143 A CN200810106143 A CN 200810106143A CN 101289251 B CN101289251 B CN 101289251B
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乔俊飞
李�荣
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a simulation method of active sludge absorption and settlement process based on a PCA model, which pertains to the field of intelligent science and environmental engineering science. The method relates to the utilization of the probability cellular automation (PCA) to simulate the biochemical reaction process of sludge absorption and settlement in an aeration pool of an active sludge system. The method is established in an artificial life system, establishes a corresponding PCA module for the active sludge system, and designs an evolvement rule based on the PCA rule and realizes the evolvement. The method solves the problem of complexity of the active sludge system which can not be overcome by the existing module, gives a breakthrough to the traditional mathematics module method and directly depicts the characteristics of the dynamic evolvement of the active sludge system. The method mainly focuses on the removal of organisms and conducts the analysis and the utilization of the organisms, and adjusts the variety and the quantity of the microorganisms and can be used for guiding the establishment of more accurate active sludge absorption and settlement model.

Description

Based on the activated sludge absorption of pca model and the emulation mode of settling process
Technical field
The present invention relates to the The Realization of Simulation of activated sludge absorption and settled biochemical reaction process in the aeration tank, especially based on probability cellular automata (probability cellular automata, be called for short PCA) set up sludge absorption and settled biochemical reaction model and The Realization of Simulation in the Sludge System aeration tank, belong to intelligence science and environmental engineering subject field.
Background technology
Artificial aeration's means are adopted in the activated sludge process sewage disposal, make the active sludge homodisperse and be suspended in the aeration tank, fully contact with sewage, under the condition of dissolved oxygen, bacterium, fungi, algae, protozoon and metazoans a large amount of in the mud are that foodstuff carries out metabolism and breeding with the organism in the sewage, remove organic purpose thereby reach.In this course, complicated biochemical reaction has taken place, whole Sludge System shows the feature of complex systems such as diversity, randomness, uncertainty, strong nonlinearity, big time variation, makes modelling difficult unusually.
The model of Sludge System can be divided into traditional mathematics model, model of mind and mixture model at present.Traditional mathematical model is representative with the ASM series model that international water pollution control association's biological wastewater treatment design and operation mathematical model seminar propose, these models contain serious uncertainty, the time become, factor such as non-linear, and wherein many quantitative relationships are to be obtained by experience, unknown parameter is many, and uncertain parameter presents uncertain variation at different environment.It is not superior that intelligent modeling method is compared with the classical mathematics modeling method, just when the system that the mechanism of problem is had little understanding maybe and can not show with mathematical model, the best often instrument of intelligent modeling.Main modeling methods has: obscurity model building, fuzzy neural network modeling, time-delay neural network modeling, recurrent neural network modeling, BP neural net model establishing, the modeling of RBF radial base neural net, but the modeling method of this similar " black box " has limited understanding and the research of people to biological sewage treatment mechanism.Neural network model and mathematical model are combined, just form so-called mixture model, it combines both advantages, but has increased the complicacy of model, does not also overcome the defective of two kinds of models, is unfavorable for the control and the application of Sludge System.
Simultaneously, above model all fails to go to be familiar with and understanding itself has the Sludge System of complex system essence with the viewpoint of complex system, add the uncertainty of controlled plant, the ambiguity of system information, highly non-linear, multi-level, the complexity of calculation of controlled target and huge data processing etc. make the various models of being set up all fail to show the evolutionary process of microorganism in the complicacy of active sludge growth and the aeration tank, limited understanding and the research of people, be unfavorable for the control and the application of Sludge System the active sludge detergency mechanism.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to utilize sludge absorption and settled biochemical reaction process in the probability cellular automata The Realization of Simulation Sludge System aeration tank, solve the problem that existing model is difficult to overcome the complicacy of Sludge System.Can simulate sludge absorption and settled complex process effectively from biological angle.The present invention mainly is at organic removal, and it is carried out analysis and utilization, and kind and the quantity of adjusting microorganism can be used for instructing accurate more activated sludge absorption of foundation and settled model.
The present invention has adopted following technical scheme and performing step:
1. the present invention is based on pca model, at first will set up corresponding PCA initial model in the Sludge System, and the initialize cellular state.
With the cubes of N * N * N as initial model.Wherein, N is an integer, represents the grid number on the one dimension.Consider the practical significance of sewage disposal,, get its final condition and be fixed as zero condition, belong to virtual grid, do not develop according to definite method of cellular automata final condition.Remove the border like this, (N-1) * (N-1) * (N-1) individual grid uniform distribution is arranged on the state space, each grid is represented a cellular.
In each quasi-microorganism, the relation of bacterium and sewage disposal is the closest, secondly is protozoon, so the state one of cellular has five kinds of possibilities: cellular is sky or water molecules, is 0 state; The microorganism that this grid is adsorbed small organic molecule by neighbours occupies, and is 1 state; Having bacterium to generate, is 2 states; The microorganism that this grid is adsorbed larger molecular organics by neighbours occupies, and is 3 states; Having protozoon to generate, is 4 states.
The state of each cellular of initialize: the state initialize of any grid is that to a certain degree randomness is arranged, and certain state occurs with Probability p at grid, or does not occur with probability 1-p, and (0-1) that promptly obey on the probability distributes, wherein, and 0＜p＜1.The initial state of cellular has only state 0,2 and 4, and state 1,3rd just occurs after the reaction beginning.Probability p 〉=p when certain state appearance 1The time be 4 states; Work as p 2＜p＜p 1The time be 2 states; All the other are 0 state.Wherein, p 1, p 2Be empirical value, 0.9＜p 1＜1,0.6＜p 2＜0.9, p 1, p 2Concrete value get according to the size of N fixed.
2. determine neighbours' structure of PCA.Cellular evolution in time is the state by neighbours' cellular, i.e. neighbours' structures shape.
The present invention adopts neighbours' structure of six neighbours, i.e. nearest-neighbors, and it is by a center cellular and be positioned at its all around, up and down 6 cellulars are formed.The center cellular is only relevant with the state of the most contiguous six cellulars in evolutionary process, and promptly the state of center cellular is determined next cellular state constantly according to the state of six nearest neighbours' cellulars.
3. determine evolution rule according to initial model and neighbours' structure of cellular, concrete evolutionary process is as follows:
1) the aeration initial stage, absorption in the aeration tank and catabolic process.
The process of microorganism adsorb organic compound, for first intracellular growth is prepared:
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 1 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the degradable small organic molecule, and occupies this grid.Specific implementation: this cellular neighbours microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 01, wherein, p 01Be the transition probability of state 0 to 1,0＜p 01＜0.5; Perhaps neighbours' microbe number is 4 or 5 o'clock, and this cellular neighbours have more microorganism, can adsorb small organic molecule and occupy this grid.
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 3 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the degradable larger molecular organics, and occupies this grid.The absorption of larger molecular organics will be difficult to small organic molecule, specific implementation: neighbours' microbe number is 3,4 or 5, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 03, wherein, p 03Be the transition probability of state 0 to 3,0＜p 03＜0.5; Could realize when perhaps its neighbours all are microorganism.
Small organic molecule decomposes and anabolic process:
Cellular state develops by 1 and shows that to 0 the small organic molecule of this grid is by neighbours' bacterial degradation metabolism.Specific implementation: the number of bacterium is 1,2 or 3 among this cellular neighbours, and empty cellular number is 0,1 or 2, k mud load rate p constantly k〉=p 10, wherein, p 10Be the transition probability of state 1 to 0,0＜p 10＜0.5; Perhaps p k＜p 10The time to need the number of bacterium among the neighbours be 4,5 or 6, this moment, the microorganism energy was lower, required neighbours to have microorganism just to release energy or carry out endogenous respiration at decomposing organic matter.
Cellular state is by 1 small organic molecule that develops and show this grid of bacterial degradation to 2, generate new individual and occupy this grid, realize identical with state 1 to 0, and transition probability p 12=p 10, wherein, p 12Transition probability for state 1 to 2.
The evolutionary process of bacterium:
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows this cellular because isolated or crowded and dead to 0.Specific implementation: crowded dead, microbe number is 6 among the neighbours; Isolated dead, microbe number is 0 or 1 among the neighbours.
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows to 3 molten born of the same parents' phenomenon takes place, and promptly first cell wall breaks, and first kytoplasm is discharged in the mixed solution, becomes the growth matrix of cellular.Specific implementation: molten born of the same parents' phenomenon takes place at random, realizes that with random function rand (1,1,1)＞c wherein, c is a constant, 0.9＜c＜1 in evolution rule.
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows that to 4 adjacent middle protozoon catches this bacterium, the concurrent breeding of splitting estranged, and the protozoon that breeding makes new advances occupies this grid.Specific implementation: adjacent middle protozoon is 2,3,4 or 5, and bacterial count is 0.
The removal process of larger molecular organics:
Cellular state develops by 3 and shows that to 1 larger molecular organics hydrolysis under the effect of lytic enzyme generates small organic molecule.Specific implementation: adjacent middle microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＜p 31, wherein, p 31Be the transition probability of state 3 to 1,0＜p 31＜0.3.
Cellular state develops to 4 by 3 and shows adjacent middle protozoon this larger molecular organics of eating, and fragmentation takes place, and the individuality that breeding makes new advances occupies this grid.Specific implementation: protozoon is 1 or 2 among the neighbours, and microbial count is 1,2 or 3, and p＜p 34Wherein, p 34Be the transition probability of state 3 to 4,0＜p 34＜0.2.
Protozoic evolutionary process:
Cellular state develops by 4 and shows protozoon because isolated or crowded and dead to 0.Specific implementation: protozoic number is 5 or crowded dead at 6 o'clock among the neighbours; Protozoic number is 0 or isolated dead at 1 o'clock.
2) absorption of aeration middle and later periods and settling process.
The flocculation absorption of aeration middle and later periods active sludge is identical with the adsorption process at aeration initial stage, and just the organism of aeration middle and later periods is the organism that is difficult to degrade, and the organism at initial stage is degradable.
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 1 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the difficult degradation small organic molecule, and occupies this grid.Specific implementation: this cellular neighbours microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 01, wherein, p 01Be the transition probability of state 0 to 1,0＜p 01＜0.5; Perhaps neighbours' microbe number is 4 or 5 o'clock, and this cellular neighbours have more microorganism, can adsorb small organic molecule and occupy this grid.
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 3 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the difficult degradation larger molecular organics, and occupies this grid.The absorption of larger molecular organics will be difficult to small organic molecule, specific implementation: neighbours' microbe number is 3,4 or 5, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 03, wherein, p 03Be the transition probability of state 0 to 3,0＜p 03＜0.5; Could realize when perhaps its neighbours all are microorganism.
Settling process:
If the floc sedimentation center cellular that absorption forms is 4 states, then 4 state cellulars and together sedimentation of its neighbours.Specific implementation: 4 state cellulars and its neighbours vertically together fall, if the next grid of 4 state vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 4 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 4 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that the vertical lower grid 0 state occurs and continues sedimentation.
If the floc sedimentation center cellular that absorption forms is 2 states, then 2 state cellulars and together sedimentation of its neighbours.Specific implementation: 2 state cellulars and its neighbours vertically together fall, if the next grid of 2 state vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 2 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 2 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that the vertical lower grid 0 state occurs and continues sedimentation.
If there is independent larger molecular organics, promptly not having 2 or 4 states among the neighbours of 3 states, is that the center cellular carries out sedimentation with 3 states then, if the next grid of vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 3 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 3 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that vertical lower has 0 state grid sedimentation to occur continuing.
If there is independent small organic molecule, promptly there are not 2,3 or 4 states among the neighbours of 1 state, be that the center cellular carries out sedimentation then with 1 state, if the next grid of vertical direction is 0 state, this grid correspondingly is converted into 1 state; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that vertical lower has 0 state grid sedimentation to occur continuing.
At the bottom of arbitrary state cellular is deposited to the pond, just empty, be about to it and be converted into 0 state.Circulation repeatedly, sludge settling, upper water only exist 0 state to discharge.
Concrete settling velocity: the particulate settling process is divided into two stages, and the initial stage is a boost phase, then is stage at the uniform velocity.Generally, particle is very little, and boost phase is very short; Can ignore, whole settling process can be considered uniform settling.According to Stokes'formula, the speed of uniform settling increases with the increase of particle radius and density.The settling velocity beguine of each state is decided according to particular case.
Wherein, p 01, p 03, c is for testing the empirical value that obtains repeatedly; p 10, p 31, p 34The dependent probability parameter that comes from information biology.Each cellular in the space develops in time according to above-mentioned rule, loop iteration repeatedly, and the result that each timed interval develops finally finishes absorption, katabolism, flocculating settling as next initial state that develops constantly, realizes sewage purification.Schema such as Fig. 1.
The primary condition of active sludge processing system operation is: need contain the required C of microorganism, nutritive substance and trace elements such as N, P in the waste water; To contain enough oxygen in the mixed solution; Active sludge should fully contact with waste water; The amount of the toxic pollutant matter that contains in the waste water should be enough low, can not constitute restraining effect to microorganism; Active sludge needs continuous backflow, and in time discharges excess sludge, makes mixed solution keep an amount of active sludge.The environmental factors of bacterial growth: the suitable temperature of most of bacterium is 20～40 ℃; In the sewage biochemical treatment based on aerobic bacteria; Most of bacteriums are that growth is better between 6.5～8 at pH value; The nutrition of microorganism mainly contains carbon source, nitrogenous source, phosphorus etc.; Toxic substance in the sewage can destroy cytolemma and the thalline endoenzyme of bacterium, and enzyme is lost activity, and influences wastewater treatment efficiency.According to above-mentioned condition, in actual application, for guaranteeing the normal metabolic process of microorganism, specific requirement: the water inlet of aeration tank is only limited to sanitary sewage.Because the C in the nutrition source of sanitary sewage, N, P ratio meet the required nutraceutical ratio of microorganism growth, can be microorganism sufficient nutrient is provided; The concentration abundance of dissolved oxygen does not have toxic substance in the aeration tank in the water inlet, and system's operating temperature is controlled at 20～30 ℃, and pH value guarantees that the vigor and the microbial growth reproductive status of enzyme is best between 6.5～8.
The emulation that the present invention did is the absorption and the settling process of active sludge in the aeration tank, mainly is at organic removal.This model is to be research object with bacterium and protozoon, do not consider the difference and the behavior of peculiar microorganism discrete of the concrete kind of microorganism, but catch bacterium and protozoic principal character, simulate its growth and breeding decline situation in sewage disposal, thereby obtain organic removal process.Can be to its analysis for the usefulness of further research.Such as reaching better removal effect by adjusting microbial numbers; Also can remove other impurity in the sewage by the kind that increases microorganism, as nitrogen phosphorus etc.; Can set up more accurate and reliable model.
Compare with traditional method, the inventive method is utilized probability cellular automata The Realization of Simulation activated sludge absorption and settled biochemical reaction process first, solves the problem that existing model is difficult to overcome the complicacy of Sludge System; The use of random function can overcome the random disturbance in the actual sewage treating processes; The invention enables the evolution behavior of Sludge System microcosmic more distinct and be easy to hold, be convenient to understanding and the understanding of people biological sewage treatment; It is carried out analysis and utilization, can be used for setting up accurate more activated sludge absorption and settled model.
Description of drawings
The schema of Fig. 1 system
The key model of Fig. 2 aeration tank PCA
Six neighbours' structure iron of Fig. 3 PCA
The original state of Fig. 4 a aeration tank
The organic absorption decomposition course of Fig. 4 b, c
Fig. 4 d～g flocculating settling process
Embodiment
Below with 20 * 20 * 20 pca model as embodiment.The realization of present embodiment comprises three steps:
1. set up corresponding PCA initial model in the Sludge System, and the initialize cellular state.
Cubes with 20 * 20 * 20 is as the initial model of PCA.Consider the practical significance of sewage disposal, get its final condition and be fixed as zero condition, belong to virtual grid, do not develop.Remove the border like this, 6859 grid uniform distribution are arranged on the state space, each grid is represented a cellular, as Fig. 2.The state one of cellular has five kinds of possibilities: cellular is sky or water molecules, is 0 state; The microorganism that this grid is adsorbed small organic molecule by neighbours occupies, and is 1 state; Having bacterium to generate, is 2 states; The microorganism that this grid is adsorbed larger molecular organics by neighbours occupies, and is 3 states; Having protozoon to generate, is 4 states.
The state of each cellular of initialize: the state initialize of any grid is that to a certain degree randomness is arranged, and certain state occurs with Probability p at grid, or does not occur with probability 1-p, and (0-1) that promptly obey on the probability distributes, wherein, and 0＜p＜1.The initial state of cellular has only state 0,2 and 4, and state 1,3rd just occurs after the reaction beginning.Probability p＞p when certain state appearance 1The time be 4 states, this moment p 1=0.995; Work as p 2＜p＜p 1The time be 2 states, this moment p 2=0.7; All the other are 0 state.
2. determine neighbours' structure of PCA.Cellular evolution in time is the state by neighbours' cellular, i.e. neighbours' structures shape.
The present invention adopts neighbours' structure of six neighbours, i.e. nearest-neighbors, and as Fig. 3, it is by a center cellular and be positioned at its all around, up and down 6 cellulars are formed.The center cellular is only relevant with the state of the most contiguous six cellulars in evolutionary process, and promptly the state of center cellular is determined next cellular state constantly according to the state of six nearest cellulars of neighbours.
3. determine evolution rule according to initial model and neighbours' structure of cellular, concrete evolutionary process is as follows:
1) the aeration initial stage, absorption in the aeration tank and catabolic process.
The process of microorganism adsorb organic compound, for first intracellular growth is prepared:
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 1 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the degradable small organic molecule, and occupies this grid.Specific implementation: this cellular neighbours microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 01, p 01For the transition probability of state 0 to 1, get 0.2; Perhaps neighbours' microbe number is 4 or 5 o'clock, and this cellular neighbours have more microorganism, can adsorb small organic molecule and occupy this grid.
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 3 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the degradable larger molecular organics, and occupies this grid.The absorption of larger molecular organics will be difficult to small organic molecule, specific implementation: neighbours' microbe number is 3,4 or 5, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 03, p 03For the transition probability of state 0 to 3, get 0.2; Could realize when perhaps its neighbours all are microorganism.
Small organic molecule decomposes and anabolic process:
Cellular state develops by 1 and shows that to 0 the small organic molecule of this grid is by neighbours' bacterial degradation metabolism.Specific implementation: the number of bacterium is 1,2 or 3 among this cellular neighbours, and empty cellular number is 0,1 or 2, k mud load rate p constantly k〉=p 10, p 10For the transition probability of state 1 to 0, get 0.1; Perhaps p k＜p 10The time to need the number of bacterium among the neighbours be 4,5 or 6, this moment, the microorganism energy was lower, required neighbours to have microorganism just to release energy or carry out endogenous respiration at decomposing organic matter.
Cellular state is by 1 small organic molecule that develops and show this grid of bacterial degradation to 2, generate new individual and occupy this grid, realize identical with state 1 to 0, and transition probability p 12=p 10, wherein, p 12Transition probability for state 1 to 2.
The evolutionary process of bacterium:
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows this cellular because isolated or crowded and dead to 0.Specific implementation: crowded dead, microbe number is 6 among the neighbours; Microbe number is 0 or 1 among the isolated dead neighbours.
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows to 3 molten born of the same parents' phenomenon takes place, and promptly first cell wall breaks, and first kytoplasm is discharged in the mixed solution, becomes the growth matrix of cellular.Specific implementation: molten born of the same parents' phenomenon takes place at random, realizes that with random function rand (1,1,1)＞c wherein, c is a constant, gets 0.9999 in evolution rule.
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows that to 4 adjacent middle protozoon catches this bacterium, the concurrent breeding of splitting estranged, and the protozoon that breeding makes new advances occupies this grid.Specific implementation: adjacent middle protozoon is 2,3,4 or 5, and bacterial count is 0.
The removal process of larger molecular organics:
Cellular state develops by 3 and shows that to 1 larger molecular organics hydrolysis under the effect of lytic enzyme generates small organic molecule.Specific implementation: adjacent middle microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＜p 31, wherein, p 31For the transition probability of state 3 to 1, get 0.1.
Cellular state develops to 4 by 3 and shows adjacent middle protozoon this larger molecular organics of eating, and fragmentation takes place, and the individuality that breeding makes new advances occupies this grid.Specific implementation: protozoon is 1 or 2 among the neighbours, and microbial count is 1,2 or 3, and p＜p 34Wherein, p 34For the transition probability of state 3 to 4, get 0.06.
Protozoic evolutionary process:
Cellular state develops by 4 and shows protozoon because isolated or crowded and dead to 0.Specific implementation: protozoic number is 5 or crowded dead at 6 o'clock among the neighbours; Protozoic number is 0 or isolated dead at 1 o'clock.
2) absorption of aeration middle and later periods and settling process.
The flocculation absorption of aeration middle and later periods active sludge is identical with the adsorption process at aeration initial stage, and just the organism of aeration middle and later periods is the organism that is difficult to degrade, and the organism at initial stage is degradable.
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 1 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the difficult degradation small organic molecule, and occupies this grid.Specific implementation: this cellular neighbours microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 01, wherein, p 01For the transition probability of state 0 to 1, get 0.2; Perhaps neighbours' microbe number is 4 or 5 o'clock, and this cellular neighbours have more microorganism, can adsorb small organic molecule and occupy this grid.
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 3 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the difficult degradation larger molecular organics, and occupies this grid.The absorption of larger molecular organics will be difficult to small organic molecule, specific implementation: neighbours' microbe number is 3,4 or 5, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 03, wherein, p 03For the transition probability of state 0 to 3, get 0.2; Could realize when perhaps its neighbours all are microorganism.
Settling process:
If the floc sedimentation center cellular that absorption forms is 4 states, then 4 state cellulars and together sedimentation of its neighbours.Specific implementation: 4 state cellulars and its neighbours vertically together fall, if the next grid of 4 state vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 4 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 4 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that the vertical lower grid 0 state occurs and continues sedimentation.
If the floc sedimentation center cellular that absorption forms is 2 states, then 2 state cellulars and together sedimentation of its neighbours.Specific implementation: 2 state cellulars and its neighbours vertically together fall, if the next grid of 2 state vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 2 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 2 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that the vertical lower grid 0 state occurs and continues sedimentation.
If there is independent larger molecular organics, promptly not having 2 or 4 states among the neighbours of 3 states, is that the center cellular carries out sedimentation with 3 states then, if the next grid of vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 3 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 3 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that vertical lower has 0 state grid sedimentation to occur continuing.
If there is independent small organic molecule, promptly there are not 2,3 or 4 states among the neighbours of 1 state, be that the center cellular carries out sedimentation then with 1 state, if the next grid of vertical direction is 0 state, this grid correspondingly is converted into 1 state; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that vertical lower has 0 state grid sedimentation to occur continuing.
At the bottom of arbitrary state cellular is deposited to the pond, just empty, be about to it and be converted into 0 state.Circulation repeatedly, sludge settling, upper water only exist 0 state to discharge.
Concrete settling velocity: according to Stokes'formula, the speed of uniform settling increases with the increase of particle radius and density.At this settling velocity ratio of getting 1 to 4 state is 2: 3: 4: 5.
Each cellular in the space develops in time according to above-mentioned rule, loop iteration repeatedly, and the result that each timed interval develops is as next initial state that develops constantly, organism katabolism the most at last, flocculating settling is realized sewage purification.Evolutionary process figure is shown in Fig. 4 a～f.Among Fig. 4 a, in original state, substrate is even, and microorganism is evenly distributed in the aeration tank at random." " expression bacterium (state 2) among the figure, " * " represents microorganism (state 4); Among Fig. 4 b, the aeration initial stage, the microorganism adsorb organic compound, microorganism utilizes adsorbed organic matter to carry out growth and breeding, and microbe population rolls up, and the point among the figure is represented small organic molecule (state 1), "+" expression larger molecular organics; Among Fig. 4 c, organism obviously reduces, and microorganism no longer increases; Among Fig. 4 d, along with the consumption of nutrition, microorganism is taken place dead, and the energy of the mutual magnetism of customer service and combining for want of between cellular and the cellular forms flocculation group; Among Fig. 4 e, after flocculation group forms, the beginning sedimentation; Among Fig. 4 f, continue sedimentation, and the mud at the bottom of the pond is regularly removed, the assurance system normally moves.The upper water clarification of last aeration tank can be discharged.

Claims (1)

1. based on the activated sludge absorption of probability cellular Automation Model and the emulation mode of settling process, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) at first to set up corresponding probability cellular automata initial model in the Sludge System, and the initialize cellular state;
With the cubes of N * N * N as initial model; Wherein, N is an integer, represents the grid number on the one dimension; Get its final condition and be fixed as zero condition, belong to virtual grid, do not develop; Remove the border like this, (N-1) * (N-1) * (N-1) individual grid uniform distribution is arranged on the state space, each grid is represented a cellular;
The state one of cellular has five kinds of possibilities: cellular is sky or water molecules, is 0 state; The microorganism that this grid is adsorbed small organic molecule by neighbours occupies, and is 1 state; Having bacterium to generate, is 2 states; The microorganism that this grid is adsorbed larger molecular organics by neighbours occupies, and is 3 states; Having protozoon to generate, is 4 states;
The state of each cellular of initialize: the initial state of cellular has only state 0,2 and 4; Probability p 〉=p when certain state appearance 1The time be 4 states; Work as p 2＜p＜p 1The time be 2 states; All the other are 0 state; Wherein, p 1, p 2Be empirical value, 0.9＜p 1＜1,0.6＜p 2＜0.9;
2) determine neighbours' structure of probability cellular automata, adopt neighbours' structure of six neighbours, it is by a center cellular and be positioned at its all around, up and down 6 cellulars are formed;
3) determine evolution rule according to initial model and neighbours' structure of cellular, concrete evolutionary process is as follows:
(1) the aeration initial stage, absorption in the aeration tank and catabolic process;
The process of microorganism adsorb organic compound, for first intracellular growth is prepared:
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 1 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the degradable small organic molecule, and occupies this grid; Specific implementation: this cellular neighbours microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 01, wherein, p 01Be the transition probability of state 0 to 1,0＜p 01＜0.5; Perhaps neighbours' microbe number is 4 or 5 o'clock, and this cellular neighbours have more microorganism, can adsorb small organic molecule and occupy this grid;
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 3 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the degradable larger molecular organics, and occupies this grid; The absorption of larger molecular organics will be difficult to small organic molecule, specific implementation: neighbours' microbe number is 3,4 or 5, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 03, wherein, p 03Be the transition probability of state 0 to 3,0＜p 03＜0.5; Could realize when perhaps its neighbours all are microorganism;
Small organic molecule decomposes and anabolic process:
Cellular state develops by 1 and shows that to 0 the small organic molecule of this grid is by neighbours' bacterial degradation metabolism; Specific implementation: the number of bacterium is 1,2 or 3 among this cellular neighbours, and empty cellular number is 0,1 or 2, k mud load rate p constantly k〉=p 10, wherein, p 10Be the transition probability of state 1 to 0,0＜p 10＜0.5; Perhaps p k＜p 10The time to need the number of bacterium among the neighbours be 4,5 or 6, this moment, the microorganism energy was lower, required neighbours to have microorganism just to release energy or carry out endogenous respiration at decomposing organic matter;
Cellular state is by 1 small organic molecule that develops and show this grid of bacterial degradation to 2, generate new individual and occupy this grid, realize identical with state 1 to 0, and transition probability p 12=p 10, wherein, p 12Transition probability for state 1 to 2;
The evolutionary process of bacterium:
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows this cellular because isolated or crowded and dead to 0; Specific implementation: crowded dead, microbe number is 6 among the neighbours; Isolated dead, microbe number is 0 or 1 among the neighbours;
Cellular state develops by 2 and shows to 3 molten born of the same parents' phenomenon takes place, and promptly first cell wall breaks, and first kytoplasm is discharged in the mixed solution, becomes the growth matrix of cellular; Specific implementation: molten born of the same parents' phenomenon takes place at random, realizes that with random function rand (1,1,1)＞c wherein, c is a constant, 0.9＜c＜1 in evolution rule;
Cellular state shows that by 2 to 4 adjacent middle protozoon catches this bacterium, the concurrent breeding of splitting estranged, and the protozoon that breeding makes new advances occupies this grid; Specific implementation: adjacent middle protozoon is 2,3,4 or 5, and bacterial count is 0;
The removal process of larger molecular organics:
Cellular state develops by 3 and shows that to 1 larger molecular organics hydrolysis under the effect of lytic enzyme generates small organic molecule; Specific implementation: adjacent middle microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＜p 31, wherein, p 31Be the transition probability of state 3 to 1,0＜p 31＜0.3;
Cellular state develops to 4 by 3 and shows adjacent middle protozoon this larger molecular organics of eating, and fragmentation takes place, and the individuality that breeding makes new advances occupies this grid; Specific implementation: protozoon is 1 or 2 among the neighbours, and microbial count is 1,2 or 3, and p＜p 34Wherein, p 34Be the transition probability of state 3 to 4,0＜p 34＜0.2;
Protozoic evolutionary process:
Cellular state develops by 4 and shows protozoon because isolated or crowded and dead to 0; Specific implementation: protozoic number is 5 or crowded dead at 6 o'clock among the neighbours; Protozoic number is 0 or isolated dead at 1 o'clock;
(2) absorption of aeration middle and later periods and settling process;
The flocculation absorption of aeration middle and later periods active sludge:
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 1 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the difficult degradation small organic molecule, and occupies this grid; Specific implementation: this cellular neighbours microbe number is 1,2 or 3, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 01, wherein, p 01Be the transition probability of state 0 to 1,0＜p 01＜0.5; Perhaps neighbours' microbe number is 4 or 5 o'clock, and this cellular neighbours have more microorganism, can adsorb small organic molecule and occupy this grid;
Cellular state develops by 0 and shows that to 3 this cellular neighbours have microorganism absorption to go up the difficult degradation larger molecular organics, and occupies this grid; The absorption of larger molecular organics will be difficult to small organic molecule, specific implementation: neighbours' microbe number is 3,4 or 5, and k mud load rate p constantly k＞p 03, wherein, p 03Be the transition probability of state 0 to 3,0＜p 03＜0.5; Could realize when perhaps its neighbours all are microorganism;
Settling process:
If the floc sedimentation center cellular that absorption forms is 4 states, then 4 state cellulars and together sedimentation of its neighbours; Specific implementation: 4 state cellulars and its neighbours vertically together fall, if the next grid of 4 state vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 4 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 4 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that the vertical lower grid 0 state occurs and continues sedimentation;
If the floc sedimentation center cellular that absorption forms is 2 states, then 2 state cellulars and together sedimentation of its neighbours; Specific implementation: 2 state cellulars and its neighbours vertically together fall, if the next grid of 2 state vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 2 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 2 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that the vertical lower grid 0 state occurs and continues sedimentation;
If there is independent larger molecular organics, promptly not having 2 or 4 states among the neighbours of 3 states, is that the center cellular carries out sedimentation with 3 states then, if the next grid of vertical direction is 0 state, this grid is converted into 3 states, and the neighbor state of 0 state is converted into the original neighbor state of 3 states; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that vertical lower has 0 state grid sedimentation to occur continuing;
If there is independent small organic molecule, promptly there are not 2,3 or 4 states among the neighbours of 1 state, be that the center cellular carries out sedimentation then with 1 state, if the next grid of vertical direction is 0 state, this grid correspondingly is converted into 1 state; If be not 0 state, keep original position constant, treat that vertical lower has 0 state grid sedimentation to occur continuing;
At the bottom of arbitrary state cellular is deposited to the pond, just empty, be about to it and be converted into 0 state; Circulation repeatedly, sludge settling, upper water only exist 0 state to discharge.
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