CN109534495B - Sewage treatment method and system based on microbial genes and active enzymes - Google Patents

Sewage treatment method and system based on microbial genes and active enzymes Download PDF

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CN109534495B
CN109534495B CN201910054654.5A CN201910054654A CN109534495B CN 109534495 B CN109534495 B CN 109534495B CN 201910054654 A CN201910054654 A CN 201910054654A CN 109534495 B CN109534495 B CN 109534495B
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CN109534495A (en
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张锡辉
范小江
刘楚
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Shenzhen Huayuan Environment Technology Co ltd
Zhangjiagang Huayuan Environment Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Graduate School Tsinghua University
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Shenzhen Huayuan Environment Technology Co ltd
Zhangjiagang Huayuan Environment Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Graduate School Tsinghua University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a sewage treatment method and system based on microbial genes and active enzymes, and relates to the induction starting of pollutants in sewage to be treated on microbial gene transcription, the induction of genes on active enzyme synthesis, the direct degradation removal of key active enzymes on pollutants and the influence of microbial cell activity. The invention is based on the dynamic change of microbial genes and active enzymes, has the characteristic of intelligent dynamic control, overcomes the defect that the traditional biological sewage treatment model can only be suitable for steady-state working conditions, and is suitable for the accurate control of the treatment process of the urban domestic sewage treatment plant.

Description

Sewage treatment method and system based on microbial genes and active enzymes
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent accurate control method and system in the process of urban domestic sewage biological treatment, in particular to a sewage treatment method and system based on microbial genes and active enzymes.
Background
In modern urban society, domestic sewage purification treatment is very important, is used for keeping urban water environment ecology, and is used for urban water resource recycling. Accordingly, various types of sewage treatment plants are constructed and operated in cities in various places. According to incomplete statistics, more than 5000 urban sewage treatment plants have been built in China. With the continuous promotion of urban ecological civilization construction, the water environment treatment is improved day by day, and the water quality standard is improved day by day, which requires the continuous improvement of the operation management level of urban sewage treatment plants. The operation management of the urban sewage treatment plant becomes more and more complex, the traditional biological treatment process control method cannot meet the requirement of new situation, and the main problems exist that the total nitrogen of the effluent of the sewage treatment plant is difficult to stably reach the standard, the quantity of the residual sludge is large, and the treatment cost is high.
At present, suspended matter SS, organic BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand), ammonia nitrogen, Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and bacteria need to be removed in the running process of a sewage treatment plant, the energy balance of a carbon source also needs to be considered, and the reduction of residual sludge is realized. For a sewage treatment plant to accomplish all these objectives, it is necessary to resort to mathematical models of the metabolism of the microorganisms of the activated sludge, mainly the mornit model, i.e. μ ═ μmax(S/(K + S)), where μ represents the growth rate per unit number of microorganisms, also called the specific growth rate, μmaxRepresents the maximum specific growth rate, S represents the pollutant concentration, K represents the half-saturation coefficient, and the working process of different types of microorganisms is accurately controlled.
Indeed, since the beginning of 1983, the international water association (international association) specifically established a task force, based on the mornit model, issuing a series of mathematical models of activated sludge, called ASM1, ASM2, ASM3 and ADM models, relating to heterotrophic microorganism aerobic growth, heterotrophic microorganism anoxic growth, heterotrophic microorganism death and lysis, autotrophic microorganism aerobic growth, particulate organic matter hydrolysis, anoxic denitrification, phosphorus accumulating bacteria phosphorus removal, etc., including various microbial cell maintenance, attenuation, endogenous respiration, lysis, predation and death, etc. The activated sludge mathematical models can accurately describe the biological treatment process of domestic sewage of different types, are successfully influenced in urban domestic sewage treatment plants in developed countries, and play a key role in automatic operation management of sewage plants.
However, the international water coordination series model is not successfully applied to the sewage treatment plant in China; the main reason is that many urban sewage in China is not simply domestic sewage but mixed with part of toxic and harmful industrial wastewater, and the industrial wastewater easily poisons active microorganisms, so that the international water coordination model fails. This seriously affects the practical application of the mathematical model in the operation management of the municipal sewage treatment plant in China.
Moreover, the international water-assisted activated sludge mathematical model is based on cells and does not consider gene transcription in the cells and the dynamic change rule among various active enzyme components, so the international water-assisted activated sludge mathematical model is suitable for the domestic sewage treatment plant which operates in a stable state. Once the operation state of the sewage treatment plant is suddenly changed or the activated sludge is poisoned by toxic substances, the international water cooperation mathematical models are invalid, and an emergency recovery state is required to be entered. For example, if the activated sludge activity in the bio-aeration tank is at a level of 100%, the examination shows that the activated sludge activity level in the secondary sedimentation tank is reduced to about 80%, and when the activated sludge activity level is returned to the beginning of the bio-aeration tank, the activated sludge activity level is reduced to about 60%, which has a significant effect on the treatment efficiency of the sewage treatment plant.
Therefore, in order to improve the intelligent automatic operation management level of the urban sewage treatment plant in China, the limitation of an international water-assisted activated sludge mathematical model needs to be broken through, and a mathematical model based on microbial cell gene transcription and active enzyme metabolism needs to be developed by combining the actual situation of the urban sewage treatment plant in China so as to make up the defects of the international water-assisted mathematical model and promote the intelligent management level of the urban sewage treatment plant in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sewage treatment method and system based on microbial genes and active enzymes, which make up the defects of an international water cooperation mathematical model and promote the intelligent management level of urban domestic sewage treatment plants in China.
Therefore, the sewage treatment method based on the microbial genes and the active enzymes comprises the following steps: s1, mixing and contacting domestic sewage and activated sludge microorganisms in a reactor, so that the microorganisms in the activated sludge are initiated by pollutants to perform gene transcription, and further active enzymes capable of degrading the pollutants are generated, and are finally decomposed into carbon dioxide or nitrogen; s2, adopting a gene transcription dynamics mathematical model to calculate and determine the active enzyme level on line, and correcting the active level of the activated sludge according to the active enzyme level; and S3, calculating the degradation rate of the pollutants by adopting an activated sludge degradation kinetic mathematical model based on the activated sludge activity level, and predicting an electron donor or acceptor required by the degradation of the pollutants, thereby determining and accurately controlling the aeration amount required in the activated sludge degradation process.
In some embodiments, the following features may also be included:
also comprises the following steps: s4, converting the actually required aeration amount into an oxygen electron equivalent number receptor, determining the energy metabolism rate level of the activated sludge microorganisms through an electron equivalent balance model, and correcting the activity level of the activated sludge microorganisms according to the energy metabolism rate level, thereby effectively saving the power and energy consumption in the domestic sewage treatment process.
Further comprising the following step S5: and correcting the influence degree of the toxicity of the pollutants on the microbial activity of the activated sludge by adopting a toxicity inhibition kinetic model, and further correcting the degradation and removal rate of the pollutants and corresponding aeration quantity parameters.
Regulation of the amount, activity and other electron acceptors of activated sludge including Nitrate (NO) by DO as top electron acceptor3 -) Phosphate radical (PO)4 3-) Sulfate radical (SO)4 2-) And Carbonate (CO)3 2-) And the like, and realizes on-line monitoring and accurate control by combining an ORP probe.
The mathematical model of gene transcription kinetics used is shown in the following formula:
dE*/dt＝α[(1+Kin1S)/(1+Kin1S+Kin2)]。
the mathematical model of the degradation kinetics of the activated sludge is the following mathematical model of the activated sludge: mu-mumaxE (S/(K + S)), wherein E is calculated using the following mathematical model of enzyme activity decay: dE/dt ═ e-βtWherein β represents an enzyme activity attenuation coefficient.
The toxicity inhibition kinetic model is a mathematical model of enzyme activity inhibition shown in the following formula: f (S) ═ KI/(KI+ S), where KI represents the toxicity inhibition factor.
The invention also provides a domestic sewage biological treatment reaction tank based on gene transcription and active enzyme, which comprises: the upper part and the lower part of the tank body are respectively provided with a sewage inlet and a sludge outlet; a microporous aerator is arranged in the tank body near the bottom, and activated sludge is filled in the tank; a DO probe, an ORP probe and an SS probe are arranged in the pool and used for respectively detecting DO, ORP and X, so that the aeration quantity is calculated and controlled according to the water inlet load S and the active sludge activity level XE, and accurate control is realized.
Wherein, the aeration rate can be adjusted by a blower and a pneumatic valve.
The invention also provides a sewage treatment system based on microbial genes and active enzymes, which is characterized by comprising the domestic sewage biological treatment reaction tank based on gene transcription and active enzymes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a reaction tank for biological treatment of domestic sewage according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The microbial cell in the urban domestic sewage treatment plant is a living microsystem, has self-organizing characteristics and can automatically adapt to the change of the surrounding environment. The following embodiments of the invention provide a set of cell mathematical models conforming to the self-organization characteristics of microbial cells, including triggering gene transcription by pollutants, starting active enzyme synthesis, directly degrading pollutants, regulating and controlling enzyme activity and the like; then, the cell mathematical model is embedded into an activated sludge mathematical model of the International Water Association, so that the activated sludge mathematical model can adapt to dynamic working conditions and toxicity inhibition practical conditions of a sewage treatment plant.
According to the basic idea, the following embodiments of the present invention take the following steps: a. mixing and contacting domestic sewage and activated sludge microorganisms in a reactor, initiating gene transcription of the microorganisms in the activated sludge by pollutants, further generating various active enzymes, degrading the pollutants to finally decompose the pollutants into carbon dioxide or nitrogen, determining the level of the active enzymes by adopting a gene transcription kinetic mathematical model (namely the following formula (1)) through on-line calculation, and correcting the activity level (expressed by percentage) of the activated sludge according to the level; b. calculating the degradation rate of the pollutants by using an activated sludge degradation kinetic mathematical model (namely, the activated sludge mathematical model) based on the activated sludge activity level, and predicting an electron donor (comprising organic matters and ammonia nitrogen) or an acceptor (comprising Nitrate (NO) required by the degradation of the pollutants)3 -) Phosphate radical (PO)4 3-) Sulfate radical (SO)4 2-) And Carbonate (CO)3 2-) Etc.) to thereby determine and accurately control the amount of aeration required during the degradation of the activated sludge.
In some embodiments, a correction algorithm is further performed as follows:
c. the aeration amount of the domestic sewage treatment process is effectively adjusted by converting the actually required aeration amount into an oxygen electron equivalent number acceptor (for example, the electron equivalent of oxygen is 2, the electron equivalent of nitrate is 5, the electron equivalent of phosphate is 8, the electron equivalent of sulfate is 8, and the electron equivalent of carbonate is 8), and determining the energy metabolism rate level (percentage) of the number of the electron equivalent acceptors or donors required by the microbial degradation of pollutants by activated sludge through an electron equivalent balance relation.
d. And (3) correcting the influence degree of the toxicity of the pollutants on the activity of the activated sludge microorganisms by adopting a toxicity inhibition kinetic model (namely an enzyme activity inhibition mathematical model and a formula (4) below), and further correcting the degradation and removal rate of the pollutants and corresponding aeration quantity parameters.
The above idea is based on the following observations and findings of the inventors: in the biological treatment process of domestic sewage, active microorganisms are active main bodies with self-organizing characteristics, and the sequential process of degrading pollutants is that the pollutants cause gene transcription, the synthesis of active enzymes is commanded, the pollutants are directly decomposed by the active enzymes, and the gradually reduced pollutant concentration influences the continuous adjustment of the gene transcription rate, so that a dynamic circulation process in bacterial cells is formed; where the level of activity or degradation rate of the microorganism is dependent on the number of key active enzymes with induction characteristics, the amount or level of active enzymes is also inhibited by the toxicity of the contaminant.
Wherein the domestic wastewater biological treatment process control positions are gene transcription rate and key active enzyme level (namely 'key enzyme activity level E'), wherein the key active enzyme is an enzyme with induction property, and for aerobic microorganisms, the key active enzyme is oxygenase; for anaerobic microorganisms, the key active enzyme is a reductase.
Key active enzymes are susceptible to inhibition by contaminant toxicity, as well as to inhibition by electron acceptors with higher redox potentials; the key active enzyme affected by toxicity can gradually restore the activity of the microorganism through the repair function of the microorganism; the following examples of the present invention use correlation kinetic models (including the following formula (1), formula (4) and mathematical model of activated sludge) for quantitative prediction.
The following embodiments of the present invention use an electron donor and an electron acceptor to accurately calculate the aeration amount required for the biodegradation process of pollutants in domestic wastewater, the degree of influence of the aeration amount on the activity change of microorganisms, and the degree of influence of the energy change of the microbial metabolic process caused by the electron donor and the electron acceptor on the degradation of pollutants.
The DO is used as a top-level electron acceptor to regulate and control the quantity and activity of the activated sludge and the reaction sequence relation of the activated sludge and other electron acceptors, and the ORP probe is used for realizing online monitoring and accurate control.
In the embodiment of the invention, the domestic sewage biological treatment reaction tank based on gene transcription and active enzyme comprises: the upper part and the lower part of the tank body are respectively provided with a sewage inlet and a sludge outlet; a microporous aerator is arranged in the tank body near the bottom, and activated sludge is filled in the tank; a DO probe, an ORP probe and an SS probe are arranged in the pool and used for respectively detecting DO, ORP and X, so that the aeration quantity is calculated and controlled according to the water inlet load S and the active sludge activity level XE, and accurate control is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adopted description parameters are as follows:
-expressing the concentration of contaminants by S, inducing mRNA genes to initiate transcription, synthesizing key active enzymes whose activity is expressed as E, i.e. the ratio of the actual enzyme quantity to the theoretical maximum enzyme quantity expressed in percent;
-correcting the percentage of activity of the activated sludge concentration X, ie, by the level of key active enzyme activity E, so that the active sludge activity dynamically changes with the production or inhibition of key enzymes, thereby affecting the rate of contaminant degradation;
-expressing the contaminant degradation rate dS/dt with the classical morgate model;
monitoring the dissolved oxygen concentration DO on line by using an online dissolved oxygen probe, and synchronously monitoring the potential of the activated sludge mixed liquor (ORP) on line by using an oxidation-reduction potential probe;
-controlling the DO concentration by adjusting the aeration rate, thereby sequentially influencing other types of electron acceptors including Nitrate (NO)3 -) Phosphate radical (PO)4 3-) Sulfate radical (SO)4 2-) And Carbonate (CO)3 2-) Or carbon dioxide CO2(ii) a And a process for the preparation of a coating,
the following embodiment of the invention adopts a microorganism cell metabolism regulation and control dynamics method to realize the intelligent operation control of the process of the urban domestic sewage plant, and adopts the following steps:
a. according to the gene transcription kinetics, determining that the induction rate of the key enzyme is in direct proportion to the quantity of mRNA genes, and the pollutant concentration S in the sewage and the quantity of mRNA of the cell information gene have the following model relation, thereby obtaining a gene transcription kinetics mathematical model, namely
dE*/dt＝α[(1+Kin1S)/(1+Kin1S+Kin2)] (1)
Wherein E represents a key enzyme activity, which is an inducible enzyme, determining the overall activity level of the various enzyme components within the cell; alpha represents the enzyme induction coefficient, Kin1Representing the transcription coefficient of the gene, Kin2Representing the gene basal transcription coefficient.
b. If the concentration S of the pollutant in the sewage is reduced, the gene transcription rate is reduced, and the enzyme activity is attenuated and expressed as a mathematical model of the enzyme activity attenuation, namely
dE*/dt＝e-βt (2)
Wherein β represents an enzyme activity attenuation coefficient.
c. Adopting the key enzyme activity level E to the maximum specific growth rate coefficient mu of the microorganisms in the mathematical model of the international water-synergistic activated sludgemaxCorrected to μmaxE, the formula is modified as:
μ＝μmaxE*(S/(K+S)) (3)
this is a mathematical model of the proportion of active microorganisms in activated sludge, which means that the level of activated sludge activity is influenced by the activity of the enzyme, or by the level of gene regulation, thus enabling the process of sewage treatment to be varied as the load of sewage varies.
d. For the toxicity existing in the sewage, the toxicity inhibition function is adopted for quantification, and the quantification is called as an enzyme activity inhibition mathematical model, namely
f(S)＝KI/(KI+S) (4)
Wherein, KIRepresenting the toxicity inhibition factor.
e. The concentration of main pollutants in the sewage is expressed as SS, BOD, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the parameter representing the quality of the sewage becomes a conventional water quality index, the sampling is carried out by a conventional standard method of a national urban sewage quality standard inspection method [ CJ/T51-2018 ], the quantitative determination is carried out in a laboratory, and the concentration quantity of various pollutants is represented accordingly.
f. By adopting the updated ASM3 model in the international water-assisted activated sludge model series and modifying through the model function, a modified novel dynamic activated sludge mathematical model system can be obtained, and analog calculation, regulation and control optimization can be carried out on the operation management of the urban domestic sewage treatment plant.
g. The invention adopts an online monitoring probe to dynamically monitor a sewage plant, and mainly comprises the steps of monitoring the concentration of activated sludge by adopting an SS probe, monitoring the DO concentration of dissolved oxygen by adopting a DO (environmental monitoring oxygen parameter) probe, and monitoring an oxidation potential value by adopting an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) probe, thereby identifying the aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic process states of the activated sludge.
h. The sewage treatment process is regulated according to DO concentration, DO serves as an electron acceptor, pollutants serve as an electron donor, the number of the electron acceptors needed for degrading the pollutants can be calculated according to the number of the electron acceptors through an electron equivalent relation, and then the number is converted into aeration quantity, so that accurate regulation is realized.
The aeration reaction tank for the biological treatment of the domestic sewage can be provided according to the concept of the invention. The reaction tank comprises a tank body, and a water inlet, a sludge discharge port and a sludge storage hopper are respectively arranged at the upper and lower parts of the tank body; the SS probe, the DO probe and the ORP probe are arranged in the tank body, the tail end of the reaction tank is provided with a water outlet, the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a microporous aerator, and aeration quantity is adjusted through an air blower and a pneumatic valve.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific tests.
The system shown in fig. 1 mainly comprises: the system comprises a sewage pump 1, an electric valve 2, a flow meter 3, a water distribution tank 4, an aeration reaction tank 5, a water outlet tank 6, a reflux water pump 7, a reflux sludge pump 8, an air blower 9, an electric valve 10, an air storage tank 11, a pressure gauge 12, an electric valve 13, a gas flow meter 14, a microporous aerator 15, an integrated SS/DO/ORP probe and the like 16, a sludge discharge pump 8 and the like.
The purification steps of the sewage biological treatment process in the system shown in figure 1 are as follows: sewage is pumped by a sewage pump 1, an electric valve 2 is used for regulation and control, a flow meter 3 is used for metering, and the sewage enters a water distribution tank 4 and is uniformly distributed to enter an aeration reaction tank 5. In the aeration reaction tank, the concentration of the activated sludge is increased to 10000 to be as high as possible by sludge inoculationAbout 15000 mg/L. The sewage treated by the biological reaction enters a water outlet groove 6 after being clarified to obtain purified effluent, and part of the effluent flows back to the anoxic zone of the aeration tank through a reflux pump 7. And discharging the residual sludge through a sludge discharge pump 8 and returning the residual sludge to a water inlet tank of the aeration tank so as to keep the concentration of the activated sludge in the aeration tank at about 10000-15000 mg/L. Aeration is carried out through a micropore aerator at the bottom of the aeration reaction tank, the diameter of each micropore is 0.1-0.3mm, and the specific aeration amount is fed back and adjusted through a DO probe monitoring value; the air source is from an air blower 9 and enters an air storage tank 11 through an electric valve 10, and the pressure in the tank is maintained at 5-8 kg/cm2Left and right; the air after pressure stabilization enters a micropore aerator 15 through an electric valve and a gas flowmeter and is diffused into an aeration tank. 4 sets of integrated probes are equidistantly arranged in the aeration reaction tank along the way, SS, DO and ORP in the aeration tank are monitored on line, and therefore DO and ORP conditions required by different types of biological reactions are controlled.
Experiment 1: an activated sludge acclimatization culture experiment aims to induce microorganisms to generate key active enzymes, improve the activity of the microorganisms and prepare for sewage purification. Adding domestic sewage (SS is 80-140mg/L, COD is 300-500 mg/L, BOD is 100-200 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 30-50 mg/L, total nitrogen is 40-60 mg/L, and total phosphorus is 5-8 mg/L), adopting activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant in a certain city, mixing the activated sludge with the domestic sewage to obtain an activated sludge concentration of 11248mg/L, collecting mixed samples of the sewage and the activated sludge on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and respectively detecting the concentration change of the activated sludge and the activity level change of oxygenase in microbial cells by adopting a gravity method and an enzyme labeling instrument method under the room temperature condition. The results show that the activated sludge concentration is 1050 mg/L, 1150 mg/L, 2988 mg/L, 9862 mg/L, 9373 mg/L, 8251 mg/L and 7462mg/L in sequence, and the corresponding oxygenase activity levels are 18%, 82%, 97%, 88%, 67%, 61%, 59% and the like in sequence. These results show that, after the sewage is added, the microorganisms start to reproduce, and the concentration of the activated sludge gradually rises; however, the level of microbial oxygenase activity rises relatively rapidly after induction to a level close to saturation, whereas if the wastewater is purified, the level of oxygenase activity drops rapidly again, although the sludge concentration remains high.
Experiment 2: the traditional sewage biological treatment process and anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (AAO) experiment adopt the domestic sewage and the activated sludge described in the experiment 1, the concentration of the activated sludge is about 10000mg/L, the concentration of COD in the aeration tank is 113, 86, 41 and 22mg/L after dilution, the concentration gradient of ammonia nitrogen is 21, 9.4, 2.6 and 1.1mg/L, the concentration gradient of TN is 24, 12, 10.5 and 9.4mg/L, and the concentration gradient of TP is 2.5, 1.3, 0.55 and 0.4 mg/L. Experimental conditions corresponded to DO gradients of 0.2, 0.1, 2.5 and 7.2mg/L, corresponding ORP gradients of-165, -34, 214 and 428 mV. The results show that the DO concentration in the anoxic zone reaches 2.5mg/L, the ORP exceeds 0mV, namely, an over-aeration phenomenon exists, so that the DO concentration is greater than 2mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is reduced, but the TN concentration is not reduced obviously, namely, the ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen, and the TN removal effect is influenced. The reason why TN of many sewage treatment plants does not reach the standard is commonly existed at present.
Experiment 3: experiments of denitrification and sewage removal with short flow, COD, TN and TP are carried out, the sewage quality is as described in experiment 1, the concentration of activated sludge is about 10000mg/L, the DO concentration is controlled to be 0.02-0.3 mg/L and the ORP level is controlled to be + 150-150 mV under the experimental conditions, the sewage and the activated sludge are mixed and stirred for reaction for 8 hours, the COD concentration in an aeration tank is changed to 104, 25, 22 and 14.9mg/L in sequence, the ammonia nitrogen concentration gradient is 20, 2.2, 1.4 and 0.13mg/L in sequence, the TN concentration gradient is 27.9, 7.8, 6.4 and 6.04mg/L in sequence, and the TP concentration gradient is 2, 0.24, 0.14 and 0.084mg/L in sequence. The corresponding DO concentration gradients were 0.22, 0.10, 0.05 and 0.03mg/L in order, and the ORP values were 127, 45, -21 and-99 mV in order. These results show that by controlling appropriate DO and ORP experimental conditions, the DO concentration and ORP level in each stage can be ensured to ensure the gradient utilization effect of the electron acceptor, and the over-aeration phenomenon is avoided, so that the effluent quality is obviously improved, and the effluent quality can stably meet the requirements of the national surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002) on the IV-class water quality standard.

Claims (9)

1. A sewage treatment method based on microbial genes and active enzymes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing and contacting domestic sewage and activated sludge microorganisms in a reactor, so that the microorganisms in the activated sludge are initiated by pollutants to perform gene transcription, and further active enzymes capable of degrading the pollutants are generated, and are finally decomposed into carbon dioxide or nitrogen;
s2, adopting a gene transcription kinetics mathematical model to calculate and determine the active enzyme level on line, and correcting the active level of the activated sludge according to the active enzyme level, wherein the adopted gene transcription kinetics mathematical model is shown as the following formula:
dE*/dt＝α[(1+Kin1S)/(1+Kin1S+Kin2)](ii) a And
and S3, calculating the degradation rate of the pollutants by adopting an activated sludge degradation kinetic mathematical model based on the activated sludge activity level, and predicting an electron donor or acceptor required by the degradation of the pollutants, thereby determining and accurately controlling the aeration amount required in the activated sludge degradation process.
2. The method for treating wastewater based on microbial genes and active enzymes according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: s4, converting the actually required aeration amount into an oxygen electron equivalent number receptor, determining the energy metabolism rate level of the activated sludge microorganisms through an electron equivalent balance model, and correcting the activity level of the activated sludge microorganisms according to the energy metabolism rate level, thereby effectively saving the power and energy consumption in the domestic sewage treatment process.
3. The method for treating wastewater based on microbial genes and active enzymes according to claim 2, further comprising the step of S5: and correcting the influence degree of the toxicity of the pollutants on the microbial activity of the activated sludge by adopting a toxicity inhibition kinetic model, and further correcting the degradation and removal rate of the pollutants and corresponding aeration quantity parameters.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the amount, activity and reaction sequence relationship between the activated sludge and other electron acceptors are controlled by DO as top electron acceptor, and online monitoring and precise control are realized by ORP probe.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of activated sludge degradation kinetics is the following mathematical model of activated sludge: mu-mumaxE (S/(K + S)), wherein E is calculated using the following mathematical model of enzyme activity decay:
dE*/dt＝e-βt
wherein β represents an enzyme activity attenuation coefficient.
6. The method for treating wastewater based on microbial genes and active enzymes according to claim 3, wherein the kinetic model of toxicity inhibition is a mathematical model of "enzyme activity inhibition" represented by the following formula:
f(S)＝KI/(KI+S)
where KI represents the toxicity inhibition factor.
7. A domestic sewage biological treatment reaction tank based on gene transcription and active enzyme is characterized by comprising: the upper part and the lower part of the tank body are respectively provided with a sewage inlet and a sludge outlet; a microporous aerator is arranged in the tank body near the bottom, and activated sludge is filled in the tank; a DO probe, an ORP probe and an SS probe are arranged in the pool and used for respectively detecting DO, ORP and X, so that the aeration quantity is calculated and controlled according to the water inlet load S and the active sludge activity level XE, and accurate control is realized.
8. The biological domestic sewage treatment reaction tank based on gene transcription and active enzyme of claim 7 wherein the aeration amount is adjusted by a blower and a pneumatic valve.
9. A sewage treatment system based on microbial genes and active enzymes, which is characterized by comprising the domestic sewage biological treatment reaction tank based on gene transcription and active enzymes according to claim 7 or 8.
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