CN101285198A - Method for electrolyzing aluminum - Google Patents
Method for electrolyzing aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101285198A CN101285198A CNA2008101148053A CN200810114805A CN101285198A CN 101285198 A CN101285198 A CN 101285198A CN A2008101148053 A CNA2008101148053 A CN A2008101148053A CN 200810114805 A CN200810114805 A CN 200810114805A CN 101285198 A CN101285198 A CN 101285198A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- percent
- temperature
- cathode
- aluminum electrolysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009866 aluminium metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002370 organoaluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015598 salt intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum electrolysis method, in particular to a method for generating aluminum electrolysis at intermediate and low temperature. The method is characterized in that: elpasolite or anhydrous potassium fluoride and lithium fluoride are added in electrolyte adopted; the compositions by weight percentage of the electrolyte are: 10 to 28 percent of kF, 4 to 15 percent of LiF, 8 to 15 percent of AlF3, 2 to 4 percent of Al2O3, 3 to 5 percent of CaF2, 1 to 3 percent of MgF2, the balance being Na3AlF6; cathode materials are graphited cathodes or graphited cathodes the surfaces of which are provided with TiB2 coatings. Due to matched use of an electrolyte system and the cathodes, intermediate and low temperature aluminum electrolysis at a temperature of between 810 and 880 DEG C can be realized; moreover, the voltage of a groove and the volatilization loss of the electrolyte can be reduced, thereby the energy consumption and the consumption of fluorating salts can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
A kind of aluminum electrolysis method relates to a kind of middle electrolytic method of producing aluminium under low-temperature.
Background technology
100 for many years, and aluminium industry is the novel method of research aluminium metallurgy constantly, and exploring increases single groove aluminium output, saves power consumption, improve working conditions, and the various approach that reduce production costs, wherein reducing electrolysis temperature is one of optimal path.And the problem that reduces the electrolysis temperature most critical is to find novel suitable electrolyte system.Current energy prices go up, power shortage, and aluminium industrial energy saving approach is all being sought by each state.Reduce the electrolysis of aluminum temperature and can effectively improve current efficiency, significantly cut down the consumption of energy, can also improve primary aluminum purity, prolong bath life, help adopting noble electrode material and insulation sides lining material.Therefore, the research of middle low-temperature aluminum electrolysis becomes one of most active problem of current Aluminum circle, and novel middle low-temperature electrolyte system also becomes the focus of research.The research of low-temperature electrolyte system mainly concentrates on the sodium cryolite system of lower molecular ratio in novel, also have in addition aluminum halide and organo-aluminium molten salt system in cryolithionite, aluminium chloride fused salt, sulfate fused salt and the non-aqueous solution solvent, although the research of these systems has obtained some achievements, realize that commercial Application also must solve following problem:
1) the most serious problem that low-temperature electrolytes exists in is that aluminum oxide solubleness speed therein is slow, and solubleness is low, and this is to be difficult to approval for industrial application;
2) along with the reduction of electrolysis temperature, electrolytical electrical conductivity also can reduce, and this will improve the direct current consumption of ton aluminium, thereby improves production cost;
3) the electrolyte system anticathode seriously corroded that has;
4) along with the reduction of electrolysis temperature, the difference of the density of ionogen and aluminium liquid diminishes, and this brings negative impact to aluminium liquid and electrolytical layering meeting.
Industrial want to realize in the obstacle of low-temperature aluminum electrolysis maximum be that the dissolution rate of aluminum oxide is slow, solubleness is little, another major obstacle then is that middle low-temperature electrolytes specific conductivity is low.Therefore must find a kind of alumina dissolution degree height, dissolution velocity is fast and electrical conductivity is high electrolyte system.The electrolyte system that adds sylvite can make the solubility of aluminium oxide and dissolution velocity increase.But because it is bigger to the corrodibility of conventional cathode to add the electrolyte system of sylvite, this system industrial be disabled always.Up to the present, also not finding can be at middle low-temperature electrolytes and the corresponding cathode material of industrial application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, provide a kind of and can effectively improve alumina dissolution degree height, dissolution rate is fast and specific conductivity is high ionogen, the aluminum electrolysis method that cathode material electrolyte-resistant corrosive nature is high.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of aluminum electrolysis method has added elpasolite or anhydrous potassium fluoride and lithium fluoride in the electrolyte that it is characterized in that adopting, electrolytical quality percentage composition is that kF is that 10%～28%, LiF is 4%～15%, AlF
3Be 8%～15%, Al
2O
3Be 2%～4%, CaF
2Be 3%～5%, MgF
2Be 1%～3%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6Cathode material is that graphitization cathode or surface have TiB
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
The electrolyte system liquidus temperature that method of the present invention adopts is 800～870 ℃, and electrical conductivity is 1.95～2.30S/cm, and the aluminium oxide saturation solubility is 5～8%, and density is 1.9～2.1g/cm
3The index of used graphitization cathode is as follows: resistivity≤15 μ Ω m, bulk density is 〉=1.70g/cm
3, ash content＜0.9%, real density 〉=2.15g/cm
3
Method of the present invention, cathode material and electrolyte system are joined and are used, and when kF content is 10%～18wt%, use graphitization cathode, when kF content is 18～28wt%, use the surface that TiB is arranged
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
The electrolyte system that method of the present invention adopts solved middle low-temperature aluminum electrolysis maximum obstacle---the alumina dissolution degree is low, dissolution velocity is slow, and this electrolyte system electrical conductivity, density are suitable with existing industrial electrolysis matter, and volatilization loss only is about 1/3rd of industrial electrolysis matter.The negative electrode that method of the present invention provides has solved the anticathode etching problem of ionogen that adds sylvite.Electrolyte system of the present invention and negative electrode are used, and can realize 810～880 ℃ middle low-temperature aluminum electrolysis, owing to reduced electrolysis temperature, use this electrolyte system can reduce bath voltage, reduce electrolytical volatilization loss, thereby cut down the consumption of energy, reduce fluoride salt consumption.
Embodiment
A kind of aluminum electrolysis method has added elpasolite or anhydrous potassium fluoride and lithium fluoride in the electrolyte of employing, electrolytical quality percentage composition is that kF is that 10%～28%, LiF is 4%～15%, AlF
3Be 8%～15%, Al
2O
3Be 2%～4%, CaF
2Be 3%～5%, MgF
2Be 1%～3%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6Cathode material is that graphitization cathode or surface have TiB
2The graphitization cathode of coating.Cathode material and electrolyte system are joined and are used, and when kF content is 10%～18wt%, use graphitization cathode, when kF content is 18～28wt%, use the surface that TiB is arranged
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
Embodiment 1
Electrolyte ingredient: kF is 10wt%, and LiF is 5wt%, AlF
3Be 14.5wt%, Al
2O
3Be 2.5wt%, CaF
2Be 3wt%, MgF
2Be 2wt%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6, the electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this composition is 865 ℃, and electrical conductivity is 2.24S/cm, and the aluminium oxide saturation solubility is 7.5%, and density is 1.96g/cm
3Use graphitization cathode.
Embodiment 2
Electrolyte ingredient: kF is 16wt%, and LiF is 8wt%, AlF
3Be 11.5wt%, Al
2O
3Be 2.5wt%, CaF
2Be 5wt%, MgF
2Be 1.5wt%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6, the electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this composition is 841 ℃, and electrical conductivity is 2.11S/cm, and the aluminium oxide saturation solubility is 7.0%, and density is 1.98g/cm
3Use graphitization cathode.
Embodiment 3
Electrolyte ingredient: kF is 23wt%, and LiF is 10wt%, AlF
3Be 11wt%, Al
2O
3Be 2.0wt%, CaF
2Be 5wt%, MgF
2Be 1.5wt%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6, the electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this composition is 827 ℃, and electrical conductivity is 2.01S/cm, and the aluminium oxide saturation solubility is 6.5%, and density is 2.01g/cm
3Use the surface that TiB is arranged
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
Embodiment 4
Electrolyte ingredient: kF is 28wt%, and LiF is 14wt%, AlF
3Be 10.6wt%, Al
2O
3Be 2.0wt%, CaF
2Be 5wt%, MgF
2Be 1.5wt%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6, the electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this composition is 803 ℃, and electrical conductivity is 1.96S/cm, and the aluminium oxide saturation solubility is 6.1%, and density is 2.02g/cm
3Use the surface that TiB is arranged
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
Claims (2)
1. an aluminum electrolysis method has added elpasolite or anhydrous potassium fluoride and lithium fluoride in the electrolyte that it is characterized in that adopting, and electrolytical quality percentage composition is that kF is that 10%～28%, LiF is 4%～15%, AlF
3Be 8%～15%, Al
2O
3Be 2%～4%, CaF
2Be 3%～5%, MgF
2Be 1%～3%, surplus is Na
3AlF
6Cathode material is that graphitization cathode or surface have TiB
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
2. a kind of aluminum electrolysis method according to claim 1 is characterized in that cathode material and electrolyte system join and use, and when the kF weight content is 10%～18%, uses graphitization cathode, when the kF weight content is 18%～28wt%, uses the surface that TiB is arranged
2The graphitization cathode of coating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101148053A CN101285198B (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2008-06-12 | Method for electrolyzing aluminum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101148053A CN101285198B (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2008-06-12 | Method for electrolyzing aluminum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101285198A true CN101285198A (en) | 2008-10-15 |
| CN101285198B CN101285198B (en) | 2010-07-21 |
Family
ID=40057602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101148053A Active CN101285198B (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2008-06-12 | Method for electrolyzing aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101285198B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101857961A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-10-13 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for reducing per-unit production energy consumption of aluminium electrolytic bath |
| WO2011072546A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolyte used in aluminum electrolysis |
| CN106191927A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-07 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of low-temperature molten salt system used for aluminium electrolysis and using method thereof |
| CN107541753A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-05 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of removing method of the Hull cell containing lithium in lithium electrolyte |
| CN108118366A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-06-05 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method of alumina dissolution speed in quickening aluminium cell |
| CN113529138A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-10-22 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method and device for reducing fluoride in aluminum electrolysis process |
| CN114737226A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-12 | 山东宏拓实业有限公司 | Electrolytic aluminum lithium salt electrolyte system formula |
-
2008
- 2008-06-12 CN CN2008101148053A patent/CN101285198B/en active Active
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011072546A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolyte used in aluminum electrolysis |
| CN101857961A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-10-13 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for reducing per-unit production energy consumption of aluminium electrolytic bath |
| CN106191927A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-07 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of low-temperature molten salt system used for aluminium electrolysis and using method thereof |
| CN106191927B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-11-24 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of low-temperature molten salt system used for aluminium electrolysis and its application method |
| CN107541753A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-05 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of removing method of the Hull cell containing lithium in lithium electrolyte |
| CN107541753B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-06-14 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A method of removing Hull cell is containing lithium in lithium electrolyte |
| CN108118366A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-06-05 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method of alumina dissolution speed in quickening aluminium cell |
| CN113529138A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-10-22 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method and device for reducing fluoride in aluminum electrolysis process |
| CN114737226A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-12 | 山东宏拓实业有限公司 | Electrolytic aluminum lithium salt electrolyte system formula |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101285198B (en) | 2010-07-21 |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20170807 Address after: The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Baotou City Donghe District 014040 Mao Qi Lai Co-patentee after: Aluminum Corporation of China Limited Patentee after: Baotou Aluminum Co., Ltd. Address before: 100082 Beijing, Xizhimen, North Street, No. 62, No. Patentee before: Aluminum Corporation of China Limited |