CN101698949A - electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis - Google Patents
electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101698949A CN101698949A CN200910235988A CN200910235988A CN101698949A CN 101698949 A CN101698949 A CN 101698949A CN 200910235988 A CN200910235988 A CN 200910235988A CN 200910235988 A CN200910235988 A CN 200910235988A CN 101698949 A CN101698949 A CN 101698949A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alf
- electrolyte
- ionogen
- electrolysis
- aluminium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title abstract description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 fluorine lithium chlorate Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910012140 Li3AlF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTWSQXCNHFQOOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M [F-].[Al+3].[Na+].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [F-].[Al+3].[Na+].[O-2].[Al+3] CTWSQXCNHFQOOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis, which is characterized in that an electrolyte system comprises components by mass percent: 1-20% of K3AlF6, 10-50% of Na3AlF6, 1-5% of Na3AlF6, 1-5% of MgF2, 3-6% of CaF2, 1.5-3% of Al2O3 and the balance Li3AlF6. The electrolyte for the aluminium electrolysis has the primary crystal temperature of 700-850 DEG C, the conductivity of 2.2-3.3/omega.cm, the density of 1.65-2.0g/cm3, and the viscosity of 2.5*10-3 Pa.s-3.3*10-3Pa.s, and the solubility property of aluminium oxide can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis ionogen.
Background technology
Since the appearance of Hall-Heroult method, the industrial aluminum ionogen is a primary structure with sodium aluminum fluoride-aluminum oxide always, the liquidus temperature of existing industrial electrolysis matter is generally about 900-935 ℃, make its dissolved oxygen aluminium well, also must keep the superheating temperature more than 10 ℃, so the industrial electrolysis temperature of taking about 930 ℃～960 ℃ of aluminium.The theoretical energy consumption of electrolytic aluminum has only about 6300kWh/tAl, and actual power consumption reaches more than the 13200kWh/tAl, H-H method electrolysis temperature height, and the electric energy major part that makes electrolytic process import is converted into heat and is dispersed in the environment.Reducing electrolysis temperature is to reduce the electrolytic aluminum thermosteresis and improve one of important channel of electrolyzer capacity usage ratio, but also can reduce the carbon anode oxidation, prolongs cell life, improves current efficiency.Therefore, low-temperature electrolytic has significantly energy-saving and cost-reducing potentiality.The matter of utmost importance that low-temperature electrolytic runs into is that alumina dissolution speed significantly reduces, and it is the decline of specific conductivity that low-temperature electrolytes also has a problem.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the deficiency that exists at above-mentioned prior art, and a kind of have lower liquidus temperature and higher specific conductivity are provided, and the alumina dissolution performance is good, can effectively improve the current efficiency of electrolysis of aluminum, the used for aluminium electrolysis ionogen that significantly cuts down the consumption of energy.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis ionogen is characterized in that this electrolyte system is by Li
3AlF
6, K
3AlF
6, Na
3AlF
6, MgF
2, CaF
2And Al
2O
3Form, each composition mass percent of this system is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 1%～20%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 10%～50%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 1%～5%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 3%～6%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 1.5%～3%; All the other are Li
3AlF
6
A kind of low-temperature aluminum electrolysis of the present invention is 700 ℃～850 ℃ with electrolytical liquidus temperature, and specific conductivity is 2.2/ Ω .cm～3.3/ Ω .cm, and density is 1.65g/cm
3～2.0g/cm
3, viscosity is 2.5 * 10
-3Pa.s～3.3 * 10
-3Pa.s, the alumina dissolution performance is greatly improved.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis ionogen of the present invention is compared with existing ionogen, mainly is based on cryolithionite, and has added potassium cryolite, can improve electrolytical electric conductivity well, improves the solubility property of aluminum oxide in the ionogen of low electrolysis temperature.The specific conductivity of this electrolyte system is greater than the ionogen of present industrial application, and alumina dissolution better performances, its density is less than now using industrial ionogen, strengthened the density difference of ionogen and aluminium liquid, use it for electrolysis of aluminum, can make electrolysis temperature be reduced to 765 ℃～890 ℃, thereby significantly cut down the consumption of energy, reduce fluorochemical volatilization loss, reach the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Embodiment
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis ionogen, this electrolyte system is by Li
3AlF
6, K
3AlF
6, Na
3AlF
6, MgF
2, CaF
2And Al
2O
3Form, each composition mass percent of this system is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 1%～20%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 10%～50%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 1%～5%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 3%～6%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 1.5%～3%; All the other are hydrofluoaluminic acid lithium Li
3AlF
6
The present invention is suitable for all prebaked cell for aluminum-reduction and inert anode electrolyzer and novel texture electrolyzers now, adopt the electrolyzer operating temperature of this ionogen composition can be reduced to 765 ℃～890 ℃, do not need to change existing electrolysis process, reach the saving energy, lowering energy consumption and reducing pollutants discharge purpose, can on existing aluminium cell and inert anode electrolyzer of developing in the future and novel texture electrolyzer, be applicable.
Embodiment 1
The ionogen composition is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 1%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 10%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 1%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 3%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 2%; All the other are hydrofluoaluminic acid lithium Li
3AlF
6The electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this component is 700 ℃, and specific conductivity is 3.5/ Ω .cm, and density is 1.65g/cm
3, viscosity is 2.5 * 10
-3Pas, the alumina dissolution performance satisfies application requiring.
Embodiment 2
The ionogen composition is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 10%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 25%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 3%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 4%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 2.5%; All the other are hydrofluoaluminic acid lithium Li
3AlF
6The electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this component is 760 ℃, and specific conductivity is 2.8/ Ω .cm, and density is 1.85g/cm
3, viscosity is 2.7 * 10
-3Pas, the alumina dissolution better performances.
Embodiment 3
The ionogen composition is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 15%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 35%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 2%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 3%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 2.5%; All the other are hydrofluoaluminic acid lithium Li
3AlF
6The electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this component is 780 ℃, and specific conductivity is 2.6/ Ω .cm, and density is 1.92g/cm
3, viscosity is 2.8 * 10
-3Pas, the alumina dissolution better performances.
Embodiment 4
The ionogen composition is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 20%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 40%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 1%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 4%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 3%; All the other are hydrofluoaluminic acid lithium Li
3AlF
6The electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this component is 820 ℃, and specific conductivity is 2.45 Ω .cm, and density is 2g/cm
3, viscosity is 2.95 * 10
-3Pas, the alumina dissolution better performances.
Embodiment 5
The ionogen composition is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 20%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 50%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 3%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 4%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 2.5%; All the other are hydrofluoaluminic acid lithium Li
3AlF
6The electrolyte primary crystal temperature of this component is 830 ℃, and specific conductivity is 2.35/ Ω .cm, and density is 2.02g/cm
3, viscosity is 3.1 * 10
-3Pas, the alumina dissolution better performances.
Claims (1)
1. a low-temperature aluminum electrolysis ionogen is characterized in that this electrolyte system is by Li
3AlF
6, K
3AlF
6, Na
3AlF
6, MgF
2, CaF
2And Al
2O
3Form, each composition mass percent of this system is: potassium fluoroaluminate K
3AlF
6: 1%～20%; Sodium fluoroaluminate Na
3AlF
6: 10%～50%; Magnesium fluoride MgF
2: 1%～5%; Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) CaF
2: 3%～6%; Aluminium oxide Al
2O
3: 1.5%～3%; All the other are fluorine lithium chlorate Li
3AlF
6
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910235988A CN101698949A (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2009-11-03 | electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910235988A CN101698949A (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2009-11-03 | electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101698949A true CN101698949A (en) | 2010-04-28 |
Family
ID=42147415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910235988A Pending CN101698949A (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2009-11-03 | electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101698949A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899688A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-01-30 | 中南大学 | Low-temperature aluminum electrolyte |
| CN103849898A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-11 | 云南云铝涌鑫铝业有限公司 | Aluminum electrolysis production method |
| CN104694975A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 中南大学 | Electrolyte for preparing aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy |
| CN105543504A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting lithium salt from aluminum electrolyte by utilizing fluoride roasting and acid leaching |
| CN105803490A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-27 | 东北大学 | Electrolyte composition used for aluminum electrolysis |
-
2009
- 2009-11-03 CN CN200910235988A patent/CN101698949A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899688A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-01-30 | 中南大学 | Low-temperature aluminum electrolyte |
| CN103849898A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-11 | 云南云铝涌鑫铝业有限公司 | Aluminum electrolysis production method |
| CN104694975A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 中南大学 | Electrolyte for preparing aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy |
| CN105543504A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting lithium salt from aluminum electrolyte by utilizing fluoride roasting and acid leaching |
| CN105803490A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-27 | 东北大学 | Electrolyte composition used for aluminum electrolysis |
| CN105803490B (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2018-02-27 | 东北大学 | A kind of electrolyte composition for aluminium electroloysis |
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Legal Events
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|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20100428 |