CN101281030A - Measurement method for enhancing tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy - Google Patents
Measurement method for enhancing tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101281030A CN101281030A CNA2008100381309A CN200810038130A CN101281030A CN 101281030 A CN101281030 A CN 101281030A CN A2008100381309 A CNA2008100381309 A CN A2008100381309A CN 200810038130 A CN200810038130 A CN 200810038130A CN 101281030 A CN101281030 A CN 101281030A
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method for enhancing the transverse penetrating precision of a channel. Based on the traditional hole guiding wire measurement, the method uses the spiral theodolite on part of the control points to increase the directional angle of the guiding edges and obtains the engineering coordinate of the control points in the data processing. The invention uses characteristic that the respective measuring results by the spiral theodolite of independence and non accumulation of the errors, which avoids the defects of low positioning precision of the control point caused by the continuous accumulation in the present measuring technology and significantly enhances the engineering coordinate precision of the control points, so that the invention can achieve the purpose of enhancing the transverse penetrating precision of a channel. The measuring method of the invention is extensively applied to the construction of sorts of channels, especially the over-long mountain-crossing and river-crossing channels with high penetrating precision.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to be used for the measuring method of constructing tunnel, particularly a kind of measuring method that can improve tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy.
Background technology:
The accurate perforation of tunnel lateral direction all is vital to various Tunnel Engineering, and it directly influences the quality of engineering, and it is higher to the penetrating accuracy requirement especially to wear the mountain cross-river tunnel.The factor that influences lateral direction penetrating accuracy has a lot, and wherein tunnel survey is one of significant effects factor.Tracerse survey is a kind of method commonly used of measuring in the hole, tunnel, its starting point by known coordinate is set out, observe by on each reference mark, utilizing accurate total powerstation successively, measure length and each deflection angle value of each traverse side that connects adjacent reference mark, according to the data of starting at of starting point, after data processing such as compensating computation, calculate to draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark then.Traditional hole inside conductor measurement is subjected to the restriction of if tunnel conditions to belong to open traverse to lay, the orientation of its each traverse side is by repeatedly measurement of angle transmission, so the angular observation error is accumulation constantly, this must cause the lead orientation of subsequent control point to produce bigger error, therefore, present hole inside conductor measurement has the measurement of angle result and conducts one by one and cause the constantly defective of accumulation of error, thereby cause the lateral direction penetrating error constantly to increase surveying the extension in distinguishing, formed the big factors that reduces tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy with lead.
Summary of the invention:
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the continuous defective that accumulates of angular error that existing hole inside conductor measurement has, a kind of measuring method that improves tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy is provided, in traditional hole inside conductor measuring process, increase gyro-theodolite to the azimuthal mensuration of traverse side, and this value joined in the data processing, obviously improve the engineering coordinate precision at each reference mark, thereby reach the purpose that improves tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters takes:
A kind of measuring method that improves tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy, measure based on the hole inside conductor, this tracerse survey is measured length and each deflection angle value of each traverse side by utilize total powerstation successively on each reference mark, after data processing, draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark, it is characterized in that: on the part reference mark, utilize gyro-theodolite to increase the position angle of measuring traverse side, and in order in data processing, to obtain the engineering coordinate at each reference mark.
The measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy of the present invention increases following measuring operation step in the operating process that the hole inside conductor is measured:
(1) selects measurement point: determine to increase the reference mark of determination of azimuth as measurement point according to the precision of lead angle measurement and the accuracy of observation of gyro-theodolite;
(2) preparation before the actual measurement: on measurement point, select suitable observation pier to set up gyro-theodolite, and make the temperature of gyro-theodolite consistent, stop to produce the construction operation that shakes before measuring beginning and in the process with ambient air temperature;
(3) position angle on mensuration measurement point upper conductor limit: at first seek north with gyro-theodolite, sight with total powerstation then and obtain the measurement of azimuth result according to the approximate latitude of measurement point;
(4) data processing: utilize above-mentioned measurement of azimuth result to be calculated as follows the azimuth value on this measurement point upper conductor limit, and draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark in order to reckoning:
A＝γ+β+Z+R+δ
ik，
Wherein, the A azimuth value,
The γ meridian convergence,
β constant, instrument calibration value, meridian direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle,
Z constant, total powerstation zero direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle, i.e. angle difference between the axis of rotation of total powerstation scale zero point and gyro-theodolite,
R total powerstation impact point reading mean value,
δ
IkThe change number of changing of ground observation value to the Gauss projection plane.
Measurement point described in the above-mentioned steps (1) should satisfy following requirement: the limit, orientation that adds survey is longer, and sighting condition is good, imaging is clear, do not have other refractive power influence; In the described step (3), gyro-theodolite is sought the number of times in north for repeatedly, and each time sought the certain hour of being separated by between the north and cooled off fully to treat gyro-theodolite, seeks north through four processes at every turn: stepping seeks north, measures the suspender belt zero-bit, pre-directed, accurately decide northern; The difference of northern result's maximal value and minimum value is sought in each time of gyro-theodolite must not be greater than 12 ", otherwise redeterminate.
Unlike the prior art be, the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy of the present invention is in the operating process that traditional hole inside conductor is measured, on some suitable reference mark, utilize gyro-theodolite to increase, and this observed reading is used in the data processing to obtain the engineering coordinate at each reference mark the azimuthal mensuration of traverse side.The angle is that the base area revolutions obtain observed result because gyro-theodolite fixes the position, therefore orientation accuracy is higher, and the measurement result of each time keeps independent each other, error does not have accumulative total property, avoided existing hole inside conductor take measurement of an angle error constantly accumulation cause the low defective of reference mark engineering coordinate setting precision, thereby improved the precision of tunnel lateral direction penetrating.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a workflow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the position angle synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is for adopting the measuring error synoptic diagram of classic method.
Fig. 4 is for adopting the measuring error synoptic diagram of the method for the invention.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
At first see also Fig. 3, the figure shows the measurement lead of certain 17.5km long tunnel, this lead Fen Dong, western two ends, EB is a east hole inner control point, and WB is end hole, a west inner control point, and JP is the outer reference mark of east, Xi Liangduandong.According to the technical design book, use TCA2003 total powerstation that Switzerland come card company produces to traverse side, angle observe automatically, record automatically.Direction observation observed for 12 survey time by second-class lead technology designing requirement, and mean square error of angle observation is 1 second; Every limit of length of side observation comes and goes to be surveyed 1 period, and each period surveyed for 4 survey time.According to mean square error of angle observation 1 second, distance accuracy is that 1mm+1ppm and actual traverse net type carry out the estimation of error in point measurement, Fig. 3 has represented to use the error ellipse at each reference mark that traditional hole inside conductor measures, as can be seen from the figure error in point measurement mainly is to show on the tunnel lateral direction penetrating direction, and numerical value is bigger, thereby will influence the precision of tunnel lateral direction penetrating to a great extent.
For guaranteeing the smooth perforation and the construction quality in this tunnel, measuring method of the present invention is adopted in decision, utilizes gyro-theodolite to add the position angle of surveying traverse side.Traditional hole inside conductor measurement is by utilizing total powerstation to measure length and each deflection angle value of each traverse side successively on each reference mark, after data processing, draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark, and the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy of the present invention is on the inside conductor based measurement of hole, selection portion is divided suitable reference mark, utilize gyro-theodolite to increase the position angle of measuring traverse side, and in order in data processing, to obtain the engineering coordinate at each reference mark.
Please in conjunction with consulting Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, present embodiment adopts the specific operation process of the method for the invention as follows:
1, selects measurement point
At first determine that according to the precision of lead angle measurement and the accuracy of observation of gyro-theodolite the reference mark of some increase determination of azimuth is as measurement point, these some measurement points should satisfy following requirement: the limit, orientation that adds survey is longer, and sighting condition is good, imaging is clear, do not have other refractive power influence.
The used gyro-theodolite of present embodiment is the GYROMAT-2000 type gyroscope that is used to seek north, and its middle error of seeking north is 3 ", and the T1800 electronic theodolite that is used for aim target, its orientation measurement precision is 1 ".In general, if the reference mark is a lot, then can outside the lead hole, begin to add gyrobearing limit of survey in the reference mark every 10-15 deflection angle; If deflection angle is less, can only measure the limit of open traverse end; And for the relatively poor hole inside conductor of connection survey precision, then should when beginning, just add and survey the gyrobearing limit.
Present embodiment is according to the actual observation condition of thing end lead, and in east, end lead inside, west respectively selects 2 measurement points to add to survey 2 gyroscopic azimuths, EB24-EB22 has been selected at the east middle part, and afterbody has been selected EB46-EB47; WB11Y-WB12Z has been selected at end middle part, west, and afterbody has been selected WB25Z-WB26Y.For computational constant needs, outside the hole, also carried out the gyrobearing measurement in addition on the reference mark, according to the actual observation condition of thing end lead, outside the east hole, selected JP140-JP129, JP112-JP117 has been selected outside the end hole in the west.
2, prepare before the actual measurement
On measurement point, select suitable observation pier to set up gyro-theodolite, and make the temperature of gyro-theodolite consistent, stop to produce the construction operation that shakes before measuring beginning and in the process with ambient air temperature.
Before carrying out the gyro-theodolite measurement, should at first instrument container be opened a period of time, make instrument consistent with the temperature of surrounding environment, avoid variation of temperature that the gyro-theodolite measurement result is exerted an influence.Because GYROMAT-2000 type gyroscope itself is heavier and its top is the T1800 electronic theodolite, so installing the height of back itself, instrument reached half meter, therefore select suitable observation pier to help improving the precision of observation achievement.
For fear of shaking measurement result is produced harmful effect, before measuring beginning with in the whole measuring process, stop to produce the construction operation that shakes.
3, measure the position angle on measurement point upper conductor limit
At first seek north with gyro-theodolite, sight with total powerstation then and obtain the measurement of azimuth result according to the approximate latitude of measurement point.
The approximate latitude that needs given measurement point before the observation beginning, with the sensing of gyro-theodolite and the north to roughly the same.Gyro-theodolite is sought the number of times in north for repeatedly, and 6 survey time were observed in limit, every orientation in the present embodiment, promptly seeks northern 6 times.The certain hour of being separated by between the north is sought in each time, as 10 minutes, waits for that seek north again after gyro-theodolite cools off fully measures next time, to guarantee the separate of each time observed result, improves the precision of observation.Seek north through four processes, that is, north (slightly looking for north) process, mensuration suspender belt zero-bit, pre-directed process and accurately fixed northern process (measuring housing north orientation residual deviation) are sought in stepping at every turn, and whole process is roughly about 10 minutes.Each direction gyro-theodolite is sought the result in north for 6 times, and according to the precision of instrument, the difference of its maximal value and minimum value must not be greater than 12 ", otherwise redeterminate.
Seek and use the total powerstation run-home after finish in north, whenever sight once and all circle reading is input in the gyro-theodolite, can obtain 1 measurement of azimuth result after totally 4 times sight through 2 survey time.
4, data processing
Utilize above-mentioned measurement of azimuth result to be calculated as follows the azimuth value on this measurement point upper conductor limit, and draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark in order to reckoning:
A＝γ+β+Z+R+δ
ik，
Wherein, the A azimuth value,
The γ meridian convergence,
β constant, instrument calibration value, meridian direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle,
Z constant, total powerstation zero direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle, i.e. angle difference between the axis of rotation of total powerstation scale zero point and gyro-theodolite,
R total powerstation impact point reading mean value,
δ
IkGauss's correction.
See also Fig. 2 position angle synoptic diagram, represented the calculated value of position angle A and the geometric relationship of each parameter among the figure.Wherein: γ is a meridian convergence, can (X Y) obtains by accurate Calculation, and concrete computing formula can be with reference to relevant data and books by the planimetric coordinates of known control point.β be meridian direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle, be that instrument constant is the instrument calibration value, it generally obtains by the instrument calibrating, remainder error and the time dependent influence of this constant for fear of the instrument constant calibrating, instrument constant β also can utilize the result who carries out direction-finding on the known point, is that the weighted mean of power is tried to achieve constant according to the inverse with distance.Z be total powerstation zero direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle, promptly the angle difference between the axis of rotation of total powerstation scale zero point and gyro-theodolite also is an instrument constant; It is caused by weight of machinery own and reason such as aging, can accurately obtain its value by regularly instrument being examined and determine on datum line.R is a total powerstation impact point reading mean value, and the observation during by measurement obtains.δ
IkBe Gauss's correction, the correction that is changing of ground observation value to the Gauss projection plane; Direction projection on the ellipsoid is a camber line after Gaussian plane, and the difference of the straight line on itself and the Gaussian plane is correction δ
Ik, this correction δ
IkWith the size of the length of side and apart from the distance dependent of central meridian, for general engineering control network, when central meridian was crossed the survey district center, this influence can be ignored.
In the present embodiment, obtain the azimuth value of listed each traverse side of following table by measurements and calculations:
Table 1 measurement result
| The survey line name | Measurement result Z+R | Meridian convergence γ (") | Constant β | Gauss's correction δ ik | Azimuth value A=γ+Z+R+ β+δ ik |
| EB23-EB22 | 120°58′24.7″ | 378.9 | 27.3″ | 0.0 | 121°05′10.9″ |
| EB24-EB22 | 121°53′19.8″ | 379.6 | 27.3″ | 0.0 | 122°00′06.7″ |
| EB46-EB47 | 299°42′33.2″ | 417.2 | 28.6″ | 0.0 | 299°49′59.0″ |
| WB11Y-WB12Z | 120°57′24.8″ | 586.1 | 34.3″ | 0.0 | 121°07′45.2″ |
| WB25Z-WB26Y | 122°44′31.2″ | 501.0 | 31.5″ | 0.0 | 122°53′23.7″ |
| JP140-JP129 | 194°08′14.0″ | 358.3 | 26.2″ | 0.0 | 194°14′38.5″ |
| JP112-JP117 | 9°50′59.3″ | 612.3 | 35.1″ | 0.2 | 10°01′46.9″ |
Use above-mentioned azimuth value A then, join in traditional compensating computation method and to calculate and draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark.Fig. 4 has represented to use the error ellipse at each reference mark, same tunnel that the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy of the present invention obtains, and as can be seen from the figure the error at each reference mark of measuring than the traditional hole of application shown in Figure 3 inside conductor of error in point measurement is much smaller.Following table 2 has been listed the deviation of the engineering coordinate at the engineering coordinate at classic method and each reference mark of the method for the invention gained and each reference mark of original measurement gained, wherein the former measurement lead of the east has arrived the EB43 point, the west former measurement lead of end has arrived the WB23Z point, the comparison of each method is can be at the hole on the identical observation station of the roll-call between these two points, as space is limited, only list the comparative result of indivedual intermediate points of lead and end point at this:
Each methods and results of table 2 relatively
In a word, variation from error ellipse, positional accuracy is significantly improved after adding the survey gyroscopic azimuth, come from result calculated, its result is reduced to 0.1868 and 0.1025 respectively from original maximum deviation 0.368 and 0.2019 after adding the survey gyroscopic azimuth, therefore, the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy of the present invention has improved the precision and the reliability of lead, has reached the purpose that improves the tunnel holing through precision.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of measuring method that improves tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy, measure based on the hole inside conductor, this tracerse survey is measured length and each deflection angle value of each traverse side by utilize total powerstation successively on each reference mark, after data processing, draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark, it is characterized in that: on the part reference mark, utilize gyro-theodolite to increase the position angle of measuring traverse side, and in order in data processing, to obtain the engineering coordinate at each reference mark.
2, the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described measuring method increases following measuring operation step in the operating process that the hole inside conductor is measured:
(1) selects measurement point: determine to increase the reference mark of determination of azimuth as measurement point according to the precision of lead angle measurement and the accuracy of observation of gyro-theodolite;
(2) preparation before the actual measurement: on measurement point, select suitable observation pier to set up gyro-theodolite, and make the temperature of gyro-theodolite consistent, stop to produce the construction operation that shakes before measuring beginning and in the process with ambient air temperature;
(3) position angle on mensuration measurement point upper conductor limit: at first seek north with gyro-theodolite, sight with total powerstation then and obtain the measurement of azimuth result according to the approximate latitude of measurement point;
(4) data processing: utilize above-mentioned measurement of azimuth result to be calculated as follows the azimuth value on this measurement point upper conductor limit, and draw the engineering coordinate at each reference mark in order to reckoning:
A＝γ+β+Z+R+δ
ik ，
Wherein, the A azimuth value,
The γ meridian convergence,
β constant, instrument calibration value, meridian direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle,
Z constant, total powerstation zero direction and gyro-theodolite seek the north to angle, i.e. angle difference between the axis of rotation of total powerstation scale zero point and gyro-theodolite,
R total powerstation impact point reading mean value,
δ
IkThe change number of changing of ground observation value to the Gauss projection plane.
3, the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the measurement point described in the step (1) should satisfy following requirement: the limit, orientation that adds survey is longer, and sighting condition is good, imaging is clear, do not have other refractive power influence.
4, the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: in the described step (3), gyro-theodolite is sought the number of times in north for repeatedly, and each time sought the certain hour of being separated by between the north and cooled off fully to treat gyro-theodolite.
5, the measuring method of raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracy according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described gyro-theodolite is sought north through four processes at every turn: stepping seeks north, measures the suspender belt zero-bit, pre-directed, accurate fixed north.
6, according to the measuring method of claim 4 or 5 described raising tunnel lateral direction penetrating accuracies, it is characterized in that: the difference of northern result's maximal value and minimum value is sought in described each time of gyro-theodolite must not be greater than 12 ", otherwise redeterminate.
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| CN102095401A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-06-15 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Long-distance shield tunnel breakthrough survey method |
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| CN102095401A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-06-15 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Long-distance shield tunnel breakthrough survey method |
| CN102095401B (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-13 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Long-distance shield tunnel breakthrough survey method |
| CN102174893A (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2011-09-07 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Testing method for laying ballastless tracks in early stage before overall completion of super long tunnel |
| CN102174893B (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-01-16 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Testing method for laying ballastless tracks in early stage before overall completion of super long tunnel |
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| CN104675381A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Drilled well target hitting status assessing method and device |
| CN104674860B (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-11-23 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Wire holing through survey method in seabed tunnel |
| CN104674860A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-06-03 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Method for measuring lead penetration in subsea tunnel |
| CN110631573A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-31 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Multi-information fusion method for inertia/mileometer/total station |
| CN110631573B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-03-12 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Multi-information fusion method for inertia/mileometer/total station |
| CN110132219A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-16 | 曲相屹 | Deep-well tunnel survey method |
| CN110132219B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | 曲相屹 | Deep well tunnel measuring method |
| CN110793508A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-14 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队信息工程大学 | Method and device for processing observation data of control points in three-dimensional control network |
| CN111006639A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-14 | 江苏苏州地质工程勘察院 | Interval tunnel penetration measurement method |
| CN113532399A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-22 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Multi-target observation control measurement method in tunnel |
| CN113532399B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2022-12-02 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Multi-target observation control measurement method in tunnel |
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