CN101280357A - Environment-friendly acid leaching-extraction process in waste lithium battery recovery - Google Patents

Environment-friendly acid leaching-extraction process in waste lithium battery recovery Download PDF

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CN101280357A
CN101280357A CNA2008100304942A CN200810030494A CN101280357A CN 101280357 A CN101280357 A CN 101280357A CN A2008100304942 A CNA2008100304942 A CN A2008100304942A CN 200810030494 A CN200810030494 A CN 200810030494A CN 101280357 A CN101280357 A CN 101280357A
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lithium
extraction
hydrogen peroxide
acid
sulfuric acid
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CN101280357B (en
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唐新村
满瑞林
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an environment protective acid leaching-extraction process for the waste lithium battery recovery, lithium cobaltate and carbon power material can be obtained by splitting waste lithium electrically, a multi-section contra-flow acid leaching can be performed in sulphuric acid/oxydol mixed solution, two to four sections can be in counter current percolation extraction, the pH value of the leach solution is 2 to 6, and extracting process can be promoted by the leach liquor; after sulphuric acid/oxydol and washing water are dropped into the raffinade, back to acid leaching section; the raffinade can be used circularly, after lithium is concentrated to 2 to 10g/L in the raffinade, deposit lithium, then the waste water can be discharged and processed. The multi-section counter current percolation extraction is adopted by the invention, thus the pH value of the raffinade meets the requirement of the P507 extraction exactly, one hand, the consumption of alkali is reduced, on the other hand, the raffinade can be used circularly after extraction, water consumption in the process can be saved, and 5 to 15 times of discharge amount of the waste water can be reduced.

Description

Acid leaching-extraction process during a kind of waste lithium cell of environmental protection reclaims
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recovery method of waste lithium cell, particularly the lithium cell recovery method of environment-friendly type.
Background technology
Lithium-ion secondary cell has the performance of many excellences, is extensive use of in portable, mobile plant and instrument such as mobile phone, notebook computer.According to statistics, global lithium ion battery turnout in 2005 is near 1,500,000,000; Estimate that 2010 annual production will be above 2,000,000,000, but along with the scrapping of these electrical equipment, a large amount of old and useless batterys are discarded and pile up, and considerable part is directly sneaked in the rubbish, and this pollutes environment, also is simultaneously a kind of waste to resource.Analytical results shows: every battery on average contains cobalt~15%, contains lithium~1.5%, and cupric~18% contains aluminium~5%, how to handle these batteries and reclaim wherein that valuable metal has become social hotspots.
Existing recovery technology about cobalt in waste lithium ion batteries mainly adopts molten, the method for extraction of acid at present, promptly adopts HCl, H 2SO 4, HNO 3Deng dissolving lithium cell positive material cobalt acid lithium, leach liquor is reached the purpose that the cobalt product is purified by extraction, back extraction, the most frequently used cobalt extraction agent is P507.Pan Ze waits the people by force, and (rare metal, 2002,26 (1): p39) proposing the recovery technology that lithium-ion secondary cell is produced the leftover bits cobalt, with dissolving with hydrochloric acid cobalt acid lithium, is precipitation agent with the ammonium oxalate again, directly precipitates cobalt oxalate, and direct yield is 91.5%.(University Of Tianjin's journal, 2006,36 (supplementary issues) p341) adopt sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide solution to leach to Yang Haibos etc., and the leaching yield of cobalt and lithium is big by 99.6%, but the precipitation that cobalt and lithium further are not discussed to reclaim.(applied chemistry, 2006,23 (10): p1182) adopt sulfuric acid/Sulfothiorine dissolving lithium battery powder such as Guo Liping, regulate pH and make precipitate and separate such as aluminium, iron, regulator solution pH9.5~10 make cobalt generate cobaltous hydroxide precipitation, filtered and recycled cobalt (rate of recovery is 97.8%).Wu Fang (the non-ferrous metal journal, 2004,14 (4), p697) adopt sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide to leach, the P204 extracting and purifying transfers to 5~6 with alkali with pH value of solution then, with P507 extracting and separating cobalt, use the back extraction of 2mol/L sulfuric acid then, extracting phase adds sodium carbonate solution and reclaims lithium then through concentrating.
Yet, in above-mentioned recovery technology, in order to improve cobalt acid lithium leaching yield, often adopt 1: 8~10 high liquid-solid ratio, sulfuric acid need be excessive greatly during leaching, and the P507 extraction agent requires pH of leaching solution will be higher than 3 usually, therefore before the extraction, often in leach liquor, add a large amount of alkali, in coming and the excess acid in the leach liquor, regulate about pH value to 3.Like this, raffinate can't recycle owing to contain a large amount of sodium sulfate, so produces a large amount of waste water in the technology, causes second environmental pollution.Wastewater treatment capacity is big, and in the alkali and consume a large amount of caustic soda, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve existing waste lithium cell cobalt and reclaim the problem that produces a large amount of waste water in the technology, the lithium cell cobalt that proposes a kind of environmental protection and saving type reclaims acid leaching-extraction process.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: waste and old lithium electricity splits and obtains cobalt acid lithium and powdered carbon material and carry out counter current acid leaching with the sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution of 1: 1~5 solid-to-liquid ratios under 25~90 ℃, consisting of of sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution: sulfuric acid volumetric concentration 11~25%, hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration 10~25%, one section leached mud send two sections leachings, in the slag that final stage leaches enrichment a large amount of charcoals, return acidleach workshop section again after sending roasting to take off charcoal; Adverse current leaches 2~4 sections, and making leach liquor pH is 2~6, and leach liquor send extraction process, and extraction agent consists of: P507:15~40%, and TBP 10~30%, sulfonated kerosene 30~60%; After the extraction, organic phase send the oxalic acid back extraction to sink cobalt, washing, drying; Wash water when raffinate is added sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide and filtration makes the sulfuric acid volumetric concentration reach 11~25%, and hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration 10~25% is returned acidleach workshop section; Raffinate recycles 5~15 times; After lithium is enriched to concentration and reaches 2~10g/L in the raffinate to be recycled, with yellow soda ash lithium is precipitated as Quilonum Retard and separates.After waste water behind the sinker is sloughed part carbonate and sulfate ion through liming, qualified discharge.
With respect to prior art, the present invention consumes the vitriolic principle when utilizing the dissolving of cobalt acid lithium, making final pH of leaching solution by the multistage counter current leaching is 2~6, the pH value of final leach liquor extracts desired pH value harmony mutually with P507, therefore leach liquor does not need to add the alkali neutralization before extraction, just can contains sodium sulfate in the raffinate after the extraction, raffinate can enter recycle once more, after soon raffinate will be added sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution, return leaching section again, so can be recycled 5~15 times, the waste water behind the only last sinker just discharges through after sloughing part carbonate and sulfate ion, and the waste water of discharging this moment also can reach emission standard.The present invention leaches by utilizing multistage counter current, make the pH value of leach liquor just in time reach the requirement of P507 extraction, can reduce alkaline consumption on the one hand, can also make the raffinate recycle once more after the extraction on the other hand, save the water in the technological process, and reduce 5~15 times of wastewater discharges.Although with respect to existing technology, the present invention is owing to adopt multistage to leach and the recycle of acid and water, and running cost can increase relatively, and the part that increases can be compensated from the minimizing of the alkaline consumption saved and discharge of wastewater fully, and totally cost still can reduce.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: process flow sheet of the present invention;
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: flow process as shown in Figure 1, with 10kg waste mobile phone lithium cell, shell through the physics fractionation, obtain lithium cobalt oxygen crude product (cobalt acid lithium and powdered carbon material) 5.21kg, two-stage agitation is leached under 80 ℃ of conditions, leach liquor is sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution (sulfuric acid volumetric concentration 20%, the hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration is 20%), volume is 6L, two sections adverse currents leach, final leach liquor pH is 4.1,80 ℃ of temperature.Leach liquor is with the cobalt in P507 extraction agent (the 25%P507+25%TBP+50% sulfonated kerosene is in a ratio of 1) the secondary extraction solution, and cobalt, washing, drying are sunk in the oxalic acid back extraction.It is 20% leach liquor that raffinate is configured to sulfuric acid volumetric concentration 20%, hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration once more, returns leaching section and reuses, and wherein the wash water of the water that consumes when filtering is for replenishing.The 25L leach liquor leaches lithium cobalt oxygen crude product 18kg altogether, obtains 15.9kg cobalt oxalate product, and the cobalt rate of recovery is 98.8%.Raffinate waste water from about the 180L of common process (adjust according to document liquid-solid ratio 1: 8~10, referring to Wu Fang. the non-ferrous metal journal, 2004,14 (4): p697) drop to 25L, promptly wastewater discharge reduces about 7 times.
Embodiment 2: adopt this technology, under 85 ℃ of agitation conditions, leach lithium cobalt oxygen crude product (cobalt acid lithium and powdered carbon material) with two sections adverse currents of 70L leach liquor, the two-stage extraction, leach liquor is sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution (sulfuric acid volumetric concentration 15%, the hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration is 15%), final leach liquor pH is 4.5.Raffinate is added acid and hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid volumetric concentration 15%, hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration is 15%, return leaching section and reuse, wherein the wash water of the water that consumes when filtering is for additional.Raffinate repeats above-mentioned circulation 10 times.The 70L leach liquor leaches lithium cobalt oxygen crude product 43kg altogether, obtains 37.1kg cobalt oxalate (CoC 2O 4.2H 2O) product, product cobalt contents 30.96%, the cobalt rate of recovery is 97.7%.Extracted organic phase consists of: the 25%P507+15%TBP+60% sulfonated kerosene is in a ratio of 1, total percentage extraction 94.41%.Raffinate recycles 10 times, and the 10th round-robin cobalt concentration of raffinate and effect of extracting see Table 1.Raffinate waste water from 350~430L of common process (adjust according to document liquid-solid ratio 1: 8~10, referring to Wu Fang. non-ferrous metal journal, 2004,14 (4): p697) drop to 70L.
The cobalt concentration and the effect of extracting of the 10th round-robin leach liquor of table 1 embodiment 2
Figure A20081003049400051
Embodiment 3: adopt this technology day to handle 1 ton of waste and old lithium ion battery, two sections adverse currents leach, the two-stage extraction, and leach liquor is sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution (sulfuric acid concentration 18%, hydrogen peroxide concentration are 20%), volume is 7m 3, 80~85 ℃ of temperature, final leach liquor pH is 4~4.5, average leaching yield 89%.Extracted organic phase consists of: 25%P507+25%TBP+50% sulfonated kerosene, TBP are synergic reagent, total percentage extraction 94.57%, and the recycled in its entirety rate 99.1% of cobalt, the cobalt oxalate product satisfies the BH-JZ-2328 standard-required.Raffinate uses circulation 10 times.Implementation result is as follows after 2 months: the wastewater discharge of leach liquor is from the 2000m of common process 3The raffinate moon, quantity discharged was reduced to 240m 3The raffinate moon quantity discharged, reduce by 8.3 times of wastewater discharges.

Claims (2)

1. the acid leaching-extraction process during the waste lithium cell of an environmental protection reclaims, it is characterized in that: waste and old lithium electricity splits and obtains cobalt acid lithium and powdered carbon material and carry out counter current acid leaching with the sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution of 1: 1~5 solid-to-liquid ratios under 25~90 ℃, consisting of of sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixed solution: sulfuric acid volumetric concentration 11~25%, hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration 10~25%, one section leached mud send two sections leachings, in the slag that final stage leaches enrichment a large amount of charcoals, return acidleach workshop section again after sending roasting to take off charcoal; Adverse current leaches 2~4 sections, and making leach liquor pH is 2~6, and leach liquor send extraction process, and extraction agent consists of: P507:15~40%, and TBP 10~30%, sulfonated kerosene 30~60%; After the extraction, organic phase send the oxalic acid back extraction to sink cobalt, washing, drying; Wash water when raffinate is added sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide and filtration makes the sulfuric acid volumetric concentration reach 11~25%, and hydrogen peroxide volumetric concentration 10~25% is returned acidleach workshop section; Raffinate recycles; After lithium is enriched to concentration and reaches 2~10g/L in the raffinate to be recycled, with yellow soda ash lithium is precipitated as Quilonum Retard and separates; After waste water behind the sinker is sloughed part carbonate and sulfate ion through liming, qualified discharge.
2. technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the number of times that raffinate recycles is 5~15 times.
CN2008100304942A 2008-01-16 2008-01-16 Environment-friendly acid leaching-extraction process in waste lithium battery recovery Expired - Fee Related CN101280357B (en)

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CN101603126B (en) * 2009-07-08 2010-11-10 中南大学 Process for efficiently leaching anode active material of waste lithium battery
CN102002595A (en) * 2010-12-24 2011-04-06 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 Recovery method of lithium in waste battery
WO2012050317A2 (en) 2010-10-12 2012-04-19 Ls-Nikko Copper Inc. Method for recovering valuable metals from lithium secondary battery wastes
US20130287654A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2013-10-31 Yasuko Yamada Leaching solution and metal recovery method
CN103667723A (en) * 2013-12-29 2014-03-26 四川师范大学 Leaching method of cobalt acid lithium used battery anode material
CN103981368A (en) * 2014-05-22 2014-08-13 陕西省环境科学研究院 Method for separating and recycling lithium in waste lithium ion battery by using mesoporous molecular sieve
CN104178635A (en) * 2011-03-23 2014-12-03 吉坤日矿日石金属株式会社 Back extraction method and removing method of aluminum
CN105789724A (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-20 中国电子工程设计院 Treatment method for waste lithium-ion battery
CN104124487B (en) * 2014-07-25 2017-02-15 宁波卡尔新材料科技有限公司 Method for recovering and extracting four metal elements including cobalt, copper, aluminum and lithium in waste lithium ion battery by using liquid phase reaction
CN107502741A (en) * 2017-05-25 2017-12-22 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of compound extracting system and its extracting process that lithium is extracted from bittern containing lithium
CN108258351A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 The recovery method of the positive electrode of waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery
CN108330286A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-27 眉山顺应动力电池材料有限公司 A method of synthetical recovery cobalt and lithium from cobalt acid lithium waste material
CN109234546A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-01-18 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of waste lithium cell positive mix subsequent leaching system and leaching technology
CN109609760A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-04-12 天齐锂业(江苏)有限公司 The method of comprehensive utilization of water in a kind of recycling of ferric phosphate lithium cell
CN110013822A (en) * 2018-01-07 2019-07-16 中南大学 A kind of method of waste and old lithium ion battery recycling co-production lithium adsorbent
CN110828926A (en) * 2019-09-26 2020-02-21 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 Method for cooperatively recovering metal and graphite from anode and cathode materials of waste lithium ion battery
CN111945017A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-17 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater
CN111961850A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-11-20 长沙海创金源工程技术有限公司 Treatment method of copper-cobalt ore
CN111994988A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-11-27 江门市泰汇环保科技有限公司 Method for extracting and separating heavy metals in pickling waste liquid
CN114772565A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-22 西南科技大学 Method for recovering lithium dihydrogen phosphate from leachate of phosphoric acid system of waste lithium iron phosphate battery

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CN101603126B (en) * 2009-07-08 2010-11-10 中南大学 Process for efficiently leaching anode active material of waste lithium battery
WO2012050317A2 (en) 2010-10-12 2012-04-19 Ls-Nikko Copper Inc. Method for recovering valuable metals from lithium secondary battery wastes
CN103168107A (en) * 2010-10-12 2013-06-19 Ls-日光铜制炼株式会社 Method for recovering valuable metals from lithium secondary battery wastes
EP2627791A4 (en) * 2010-10-12 2016-11-02 Ls Nikko Copper Inc Method for recovering valuable metals from lithium secondary battery wastes
US20130287654A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2013-10-31 Yasuko Yamada Leaching solution and metal recovery method
CN102002595A (en) * 2010-12-24 2011-04-06 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 Recovery method of lithium in waste battery
CN102002595B (en) * 2010-12-24 2013-04-24 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 Recovery method of lithium in waste battery
CN104178635A (en) * 2011-03-23 2014-12-03 吉坤日矿日石金属株式会社 Back extraction method and removing method of aluminum
CN103667723A (en) * 2013-12-29 2014-03-26 四川师范大学 Leaching method of cobalt acid lithium used battery anode material
CN103981368B (en) * 2014-05-22 2016-04-27 陕西省环境科学研究院 A kind of method of lithium in mesopore molecular sieve separation and recovery waste and old lithium ion battery
CN103981368A (en) * 2014-05-22 2014-08-13 陕西省环境科学研究院 Method for separating and recycling lithium in waste lithium ion battery by using mesoporous molecular sieve
CN104124487B (en) * 2014-07-25 2017-02-15 宁波卡尔新材料科技有限公司 Method for recovering and extracting four metal elements including cobalt, copper, aluminum and lithium in waste lithium ion battery by using liquid phase reaction
CN105789724A (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-20 中国电子工程设计院 Treatment method for waste lithium-ion battery
CN108258351A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 The recovery method of the positive electrode of waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery
CN107502741A (en) * 2017-05-25 2017-12-22 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of compound extracting system and its extracting process that lithium is extracted from bittern containing lithium
CN110013822A (en) * 2018-01-07 2019-07-16 中南大学 A kind of method of waste and old lithium ion battery recycling co-production lithium adsorbent
CN110013822B (en) * 2018-01-07 2020-02-14 中南大学 Method for recycling waste lithium ion batteries and co-producing lithium adsorbent
CN108330286A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-27 眉山顺应动力电池材料有限公司 A method of synthetical recovery cobalt and lithium from cobalt acid lithium waste material
CN109234546A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-01-18 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of waste lithium cell positive mix subsequent leaching system and leaching technology
CN109609760A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-04-12 天齐锂业(江苏)有限公司 The method of comprehensive utilization of water in a kind of recycling of ferric phosphate lithium cell
CN110828926A (en) * 2019-09-26 2020-02-21 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 Method for cooperatively recovering metal and graphite from anode and cathode materials of waste lithium ion battery
CN110828926B (en) * 2019-09-26 2022-05-17 矿冶科技集团有限公司 Method for cooperatively recovering metal and graphite from anode and cathode materials of waste lithium ion battery
CN111994988A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-11-27 江门市泰汇环保科技有限公司 Method for extracting and separating heavy metals in pickling waste liquid
CN111945017A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-17 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater
CN111945017B (en) * 2020-07-31 2023-03-07 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater
CN111961850A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-11-20 长沙海创金源工程技术有限公司 Treatment method of copper-cobalt ore
CN111961850B (en) * 2020-09-11 2021-06-08 长沙海创金源工程技术有限公司 Treatment method of copper-cobalt ore
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