CN101277248A - Method and system for distributing network data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a network data distribution method and system for solving problem of P2P application consuming network bandwidth resource. The method includes: data distribution node sends data to at least one retransmit node; client port obtains data from corresponding retransmit node or other client ports, wherein, the data distribution method includes two stages or multi-stage distribution. The method and system divide large-scale P2P network into a plurality of small size networks with perfect inner connexity, increase speed of obtaining data by arranging retransmit server in mulit-layer P2P network edge, and reduces consumption of P2P application to backbone bandwidth. The method and system provide by the invention can be widely used in system having high requirement to bandwidth and server property, for example, video-on-demand, video live broadcast and large-volume file distribution also likes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network data transmission technology, particularly relate to data distributing method and system in the point to point network.
Background technology
Technology mode commonly used in the Internet is that customer end/server mode (is Client/Server, C/S model), it is a kind ofly to provide service, client reception server end data by server, the network configuration of swap data between client and the specific server.Ad hoc mode (Peer to Peer, be called for short P2P, also claim peer-to-peer network) be a kind of of network application, it is different with traditional C/S model, any computer in the P2P network serves as the dual role of client and server end simultaneously, both received data, also provided service to other clients from other servers.
With reference to Fig. 1, be the system construction drawing of P2P network in the prior art.Among the figure, can carry out exchanges data between any two client nodes, so client disperseed the pressure of server, made server no longer become bottleneck in the large-scale application.But, under the ever-increasing situation of number of clients, will cause rolling up of network traffics, bring bigger bandwidth pressure.Analyze the reason following points:
The first, because can swap data between all clients, if client is the n platform, in traditional C/S model, have only n data interchange channel; And in P2P uses, n* (n-1)/2 data channel is arranged according to qualifications;
The second, except transmitting normal content-data, also transmit a large amount of control command data in the P2P network;
The 3rd, traditional C/S model is owing to server performance, and the common customer end is difficult to obtain very high speed of download; And in P2P uses,, make speed of download be greatly improved owing to there is a lot of clients to share the pressure of server.Such as, to use traditional C/S model may download the data of 100k one second, and use the P2P model might reach 500K or higher speed, data quantity transmitted is huge.
The P2P pattern is applied in the catenet structure with backbone network, and each metropolitan area network or local area network (LAN) all are connected with backbone network, are deployed between the arbitrary node in metropolitan area network, local area network (LAN) or the backbone network to carry out exchanges data.Owing to could be communicated with by backbone network between different metropolitan area networks or the local area network (LAN), so the exchanges data between different metropolitan area network or the LAN node must be passed through backbone network.By above-mentioned analysis as can be known: on the one hand, data channel increases; On the other hand, because the raising of transmission speed, the data volume of each channel transfer also rolls up.Therefore, when a large amount of transmission data by backbone network, the bandwidth resources that will consume backbone network.And from present Internet flow distribution, the Internet backbone bandwidth is the most valuable resource in the whole the Internet infrastructure, and the application of P2P causes the backbone network resource to take in a large number, causes network congestion, causes the reduction of network service quality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of network data distributing method and system, uses the consume network bandwidth problem of resource to solve P2P.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above,, the invention discloses following technical scheme according to specific embodiment provided by the invention:
A kind of network data distributing method comprises:
Data distributing node sends the data at least one forward node;
Client is obtained data from corresponding forward node or other clients.
Described method also comprises: the distance between computing client end addressing address and the forward node addressing address, with the forward node of described close together as with the forward node of described client communication; Perhaps, the connectedness between test client and the forward node, with connectedness preferably forward node as with the forward node of described client communication.
Wherein, according to following steps source data is sent at least one forward node: each forward node obtains data distributing node information and other forward node information; Inquiry has the forward node of own desired data; Obtain data to other forward node or the data distributing node that have own desired data.
Wherein, described client is obtained data according to following steps from described forward node or other clients: client is obtained corresponding forward node information and other client-side informations; Inquiry has the client of own desired data; Obtain data to other clients or the forward node that have own desired data.
Wherein, described data ways of distribution comprises two-stage or multistage distribution.
A kind of network data distribution systems comprises:
Data distributing server is used to send the data at least one data transmitting server;
Data transmitting server is used for providing data to client;
Client is used for obtaining data to corresponding data transmitting server or other clients.
Wherein, described system is divided into one-level net and primary subnet at least with network, and described one-level net comprises data distributing server and data transmitting server, and described subnet comprises data transmitting server and client; Wherein said data transmitting server is used to connect one-level net and subnet, or subnet and next stage subnet.
Described system also comprises: location-server, be used for the distance between computing client end addressing address and the data transmitting server addressing address, with the data transmitting server of described close together as with the data transmitting server of described client communication.
Described system also comprises: tracking server is used to write down the information of all data transmitting servers and client.
According to specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses following technique effect:
Whole P2P network is divided into multistage P2P sub-network, and wherein the first order P2P network operation is on backbone network, and second level P2P network combines with first order P2P network by the content forwarding server.Equally, low level P2P network also can link to each other with upper strata P2P network by the content forwarding server of low level.
Content distributing server and a plurality of content forwarding server constitute first order P2P network, and content distributing server obtains data from content source server, and is published on each content forwarding server by first order P2P network; A plurality of content forwarding servers lay respectively at the edge of adjacent two-stage P2P network, and the client in each subnet is obtained data by the P2P network from other client or content forwarding server.
Like this, have only the exchanges data in the first order P2P network to pass through backbone network, the P2P network of the second level or even lower level just carries out exchanges data in metropolitan area network or local area network (LAN).Owing to have only node seldom in first order P2P network, therefore the data volume of exchange reduces relatively, uses taking backbone bandwidth thereby reduced P2P.
And, by disposing the content forwarding server of bandwidth and better performances, improved the data acquisition speed in the subnet, thereby improved the user experience of client at the edge of adjacent two-stage P2P network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing of P2P network in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the P2P network architecture figure after the present invention improves;
Fig. 3 is P2P network model figure in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of client among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the module distribution figure of the described P2P of preferred embodiment of the present invention system;
Fig. 6 is the collaborative work schematic diagram of each module in the P2P shown in Figure 5 system;
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of step 1 in the described data distributing method of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of step 2 in the described data distributing method of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Use a large amount of situations that consume backbone bandwidths according to present P2P, reduce P2P and use, need to reduce the interstitial content that carries out transfer of data by backbone network the taking of backbone bandwidth.Reduce the interstitial content on the backbone network, guarantee the normal operation that P2P uses simultaneously, need build the stable P2P network (being first order P2P network) that runs on the backbone network.On stable first order P2P network, be a plurality of sub-P2P networks by node scheduling with other node division, carry out exchanges data by forwarding server in each grade network and the upper level P2P network.Thus, can make the exchanges data amount between net and the net drop to lower level, the degree that takies that P2P uses backbone bandwidth will can not increase considerably with the increase of interstitial content.The present invention can be widely used in bandwidth and server performance requirement higher system, as the program request of video, live, and the distribution of large volume file etc.
With reference to Fig. 2, be the P2P network architecture figure after the present invention improves.Among the figure, the P2P network division is become the small-scale P2P network of many levels, be communicated with by forwarding server between each subnet.A plurality of forwarding servers are in first order P2P network, and the exchanges data in the first order P2P network is limited between the node of negligible amounts; Forwarding server also is in the adjacent subnet, be used to client node that service is provided, and the client of subnet inside can be obtained desired data from forwarding server, perhaps carries out the exchange of data with other client nodes.If swap data between the different sub-network does not need the network through first order P2P yet, connect the forwarding server swapping data of different sub-network after, client is obtained data from separately change server and is got final product.Therefore, the exchanges data amount in the first order P2P network reduces, and whole application is lower to the bandwidth occupancy degree of P2P network.
Backbone network below in conjunction with content-based distribution describes in detail.With reference to Fig. 3, be P2P network model figure in the embodiment of the invention.Build first order P2P network on backbone network, the P2P sub-network of the second level or even lower level is each metropolitan area network or local area network (LAN).Among the figure, content source server 1 is only obtained source data for content distributing server 2 outside the P2P network; Tracking server 3 and content list server 4 are that whole P2P network is common, can be simultaneously by first order P2P network and all-ones subnet network share and access; Content forwarding server 5 is in the edge of two-layer P2P network up and down; Client 6 is in the subnets at different levels.Wherein, described server, client include but not limited to large-scale computer, minicomputer, work station, server, personal computer, handheld device, embedded device etc.
Ground floor P2P network comprises tracking server 3, content list server 4, content distributing server 2 and content forwarding server 5 several sections.Second layer P2P network comprises tracking server 3, content list server 4, content forwarding server 5 and client 6.The 3rd layer with second layer P2P network class seemingly, the content forwarding server that just is positioned at the second layer and the 3rd layer of edge belongs to the second layer and the 3rd layer of P2P network simultaneously.By parity of reasoning, whole P2P network can be divided into the P2P sub-network of infinite level.Below, will describe with two-layer P2P network.
Content source server 1 is used for providing content sources to whole P2P network, comprises polytypes such as streaming server, media file server.
Content distributing server 2 is used for obtaining content from content source server 1, and provides source contents to content forwarding server group 5.Simultaneously, content distributing server 2 also can provide source contents to client 6.Content distributing server 2 is mapped with related content, so can have a plurality of; Use for the P2P that has only a content to distribute, content distributing server 2 can have only one.
Tracking server 3, be used to write down all the content forwarding servers 5 that participate in the P2P application and the information of client 6, the information such as public network IP address (, needing the further interior net address of record client), communication terminal slogan that comprise content forwarding server 5 and client 6 if be positioned at local area network (LAN).Tracking server 3 is origin server that content forwarding server 5 and client 6 add the P2P network, forwarding server 5 and client 6 all can be registered the identity information of oneself on tracking server 3, and regularly connect with tracking server 3, so that tracking server 3 is managed at any time.Behind the login tracking server 3, content forwarding server 5 therefrom can obtain the information of other guide forwarding server, and client 6 therefrom can be obtained other client-side informations that are arranged in same network accordingly.
Content list server 4 is used for the transmission content of P2P network is managed, and provides contents list to content forwarding server 5 and client 6.In the present embodiment, content forwarding server 5 and client 6 just can find corresponding tracking server 3 according to described contents list, content distributing server 2, and monitoring and location-server 7.
Preferably, also disposed monitoring and location-server 7 in the P2P network, common for whole P2P network, have the function of following two aspects: the first, client 6 can be found out the content forwarding server 5 nearest with self by the described server of visit; The second, can monitor the running status of content distributing server 2 and content forwarding server 5, and system dynamically be adjusted according to each content forwarding server 5 current operation conditionss.
Above-mentioned each part has constituted whole P2P network, and the workflow of first order P2P network and second level P2P network will be described respectively below.In the embodiment of the invention, mode in first order P2P network using push-and-pull combination is carried out the issue of content to the content forwarding server, promptly at the content forwarding server when the content distributing server request msg sends, content distributing server also pushes related data to the content forwarding server; In the P2P network of the second level, still adopt the mode of push-and-pull combination to carry out the issue of data to client.Certainly, the distribution of data in networks at different levels also can be adopted additive method well known to those skilled in the art, do not describe in detail one by one at this.And the transmission means of described multistage P2P net distribution data includes but not limited to TCP (transmission control protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protoco (UDP)) transmission.
Before the workflow of explanation two-tier network, explain the mode of above-mentioned push-and-pull combination earlier.Illustrate the mode that pushes away: suppose that A has had data Content, simultaneously, A finds that B does not have Content, and at this moment, A initiatively sends to B with Content.The mode of drawing: A has had data Content, and B finds that A has Content, and then B sends request to A, and A sends the data to B.The mode of push-and-pull combination: the Content1 back followed by data are Content2, A has Content1 and Content2 simultaneously, when B when A request obtains Content1, A judges that next B needs Content2, so Content1 and Content2 are sent to B simultaneously.
The workflow of first order P2P network is as follows, and this hierarchical network is mainly used in source contents is published on each content forwarding server:
Step 1, system initialization: start content source server, content distributing server, tracking server and content list server.
Step 2, content distributing server is set up content: obtain data from content source server, and an amount of data are done buffering in server memory.
Step 3, content forwarding server login tracking server obtains the tabulation of content forwarding server.
Step 4, content forwarding server respectively with the other guide forwarding server, and content distributing server connects, and the current separately data message that has of exchange mutually.
Above-mentioned is the workflow of first order P2P network, and correspondingly, the workflow of each main servers is as follows:
Content distributing server 2:
Step 1, system carries out initialization: set TCP or UDP PORT COM, open up memory headroom, set up related data structure etc.
Step 2 is set up content channel: set up content channel according to external command.This step is the step of manual intervention, and Content Management person makes some contents be in issued state on content distributing server.Concrete is exactly to increase new content in contents list, and simultaneously, when other nodes to content distributing server application acquisition data the time, content distributing server can provide content service for it.
Step 3 sends to content list server with described channel information.
Step 4 is obtained content from content source server, and the request of response contents forwarding server, and content is sent to the content corresponding forwarding server.
The workflow of content forwarding server 5 is as follows:
Step 1, system initialization: set TCP or UDP PORT COM, set timed task etc.
Step 2 is obtained channel information from content list server.
Step 3, according to the tracking server address of containing in the channel information, login corresponding tracking server, obtain the tabulation of other guide forwarding server, and on described tracking server oneself identity of registration, comprise the information such as the network address, PORT COM of content forwarding server.
Step 4, the content distributing server address according to containing in the channel information connects with content distributing server.
Wherein, step 3 and 4 can executed in parallel, does not limit their sequencing at this.
Step 7 is obtained requests for content to other guide forwarding server or content distributing server transmission.
Step 8 is obtained content from server.
Because the content forwarding server is in the edge of adjacent networks, so the content forwarding server also needs to respond the request that client is obtained data in the P2P network of the second level when participating in first order P2P network application.
The workflow of second level P2P network is as follows, and this hierarchical network is mainly the process that client is obtained data, as shown in Figure 4:
Step 404, client is submitted the request of obtaining nearest content forwarding server to monitoring and location-server.
Step 405, monitoring and location-server according between the IP address computation of client and each content forwarding server apart from situation, and selection and client be apart from the content forwarding server of minimum, as carrying out the content forwarding server of data communication with described client.Preferably, many can chosen distance less content forwarding servers are as alternative node.
By above-mentioned steps 404 and 405, client selects to have added one of them subnet.Client can also be by relatively selecting to add with the connectedness of each content forwarding server, and the back content describes in detail again.Preferably, IP address computation and continuity testing dual mode can also be combined, select only content forwarding server to carry out communication.
Step 406, client login tracking server, tracking server is to the current client side list that has same content of client feedback.Simultaneously, described client is registered the identity of oneself on tracking server, comprises the information such as the network address, PORT COM of content forwarding server.
Step 407, client and other clients are carried out continuity testing, therefrom select connectedness preferably client as neighbor node, in order to carrying out data interaction in the back.
Step 408, the exchange contents list that self had between each client.
Step 409, client obtains specific data according to the situation of self to other clients or the application of content forwarding server.
Wherein, step 404,405 and step 406,407 can executed in parallel, do not limit their sequencing at this.
In embodiments of the present invention,, used authentication mode, all needed through safety certification before the communication between each server in the system and the client based on digital certificate in order to guarantee the fail safe of system.With reference to Fig. 5, be the module distribution figure of the described P2P of preferred embodiment of the present invention system.As shown in the figure, except that comprising content source server 1, content distributing server 2, tracking server 3, content list server 4, content forwarding server 5, client 6, monitoring and location-server 7, also comprise:
Digital certificate registration/examine server 8 is used to client 6 that the application of user certificate is provided.
Digital certificate authentication server 9 is used for user certificate is authenticated.
Secret key management server 11 is used for the secret key that each different content is encrypted is managed, and comprises the functions such as distribution management of the rights management of secret key, secret key.
Daily record and system early warning server 12, be used to write down the operation conditions of each server and client, and can carry out the monitoring of operation conditions to Servers-all, when the operation conditions of monitored server surpassed some particular conditions, system can carry out early warning.
With reference to Fig. 6, be the collaborative work schematic diagram of each module in the P2P shown in Figure 5 system.
Process 1, the source data of source server sends to Distributor;
Process 2, Distributor are obtained from secret key management server and are encrypted secret key;
Process 3, Distributor use encryption secret key pair source data to encrypt;
Process 4, Distributor sends to forwarding server by ground floor P2P network with data;
Process 7 is decrypted data.
At above-mentioned multistage P2P network, the present invention also provides a kind of network data distributing method, and above-mentioned backbone network two-stage P2P system shown in Figure 3 is that example describes with correspondence.
The process of P2P net distribution data comprises:
Step 1, content distributing server obtains source data from content source server, and is published on each content forwarding server by ground floor P2P network;
Step 2, each content forwarding server is respectively the center of second layer P2P network, and each client is far and near according to network connectivty between himself and the content forwarding server or distance, adds each second layer P2P network respectively.Each client is obtained data by second layer P2P network from other client or content forwarding server.
Describe described two steps below in detail.With reference to Fig. 7, be the flow chart of step 1.
Step 707 adopts the mode of push-and-pull combination to carry out the P2P transfer of data between content forwarding server and content distributing server.Detailed process is: tell the other side himself to have which data between the content forwarding server each other; After knowing that each other which data the other side has, the content forwarding server could according to circumstances obtain data to having the forwarding of data server requests; If all there are not own required data between other all content forwarding servers, then the content forwarding server will obtain data to content distributing server.But, when first content forwarding server obtains data, then be to obtain from content distributing server, in follow-up data exchange process, be only the above-mentioned exchange of carrying out earlier between the forwarding server, again the process of obtaining to content distributing server then.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of step 2 in the described data distributing method of the embodiment of the invention.
Step 805 is carried out connective test between the client, and chooses the connective client preferably object of data in return.
Step 807 adopts the strategy of push-and-pull combination to carry out exchanges data between each client and content forwarding server.Detailed process is: when first client in the adding subnet is obtained data, obtain to the content forwarding server; In follow-up process, initiate client at first with other client exchange data, if other clients do not have own required data, obtain from the content forwarding server again.
In the above-mentioned data exchange process, the transmission means of data includes but not limited to TCP, UDP mode.And described server, client include but not limited to large-scale computer, minicomputer, work station, server, personal computer, handheld device, embedded device etc.
In sum, the described transmission means in multistage P2P net distribution data of the embodiment of the invention by whole P2P network is divided into a plurality of P2P subnets, reduces the complexity of P2P network, uses taking key bandwidth thereby reduced P2P.And, by between a plurality of P2P networks, disposing the forwarding server of bandwidth and better performances, can improve the speed that client is obtained data, improve user's experience.
More than to a kind of network data distributing method provided by the present invention and system, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, part in specific embodiments and applications all can change.In sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a network data distributing method is characterized in that, comprising:
Data distributing node sends the data at least one forward node;
Client is obtained data from corresponding forward node or other clients.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: the distance between computing client end addressing address and the forward node addressing address, with the forward node of described close together as with the forward node of described client communication.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: the connectedness between test client and the forward node, with connectedness preferably forward node as with the forward node of described client communication.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, according to following steps source data is sent at least one forward node:
Each forward node obtains data distributing node information and other forward node information;
Inquiry has the forward node of own desired data;
Obtain data to other forward node or the data distributing node that have own desired data.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described client is obtained data according to following steps from described forward node or other clients:
Client is obtained corresponding forward node information and other client-side informations;
Inquiry has the client of own desired data;
Obtain data to other clients or the forward node that have own desired data.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described data ways of distribution comprises two-stage or multistage distribution.
7. a network data distribution systems is characterized in that, comprising:
Data distributing server is used to send the data at least one data transmitting server;
Data transmitting server is used for providing data to client;
Client is used for obtaining data to corresponding data transmitting server or other clients.
8. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: network is divided into one-level net and primary subnet at least, and described one-level net comprises data distributing server and data transmitting server, and described subnet comprises data transmitting server and client; Wherein said data transmitting server is used to connect one-level net and subnet, or subnet and next stage subnet.
9. system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, also comprise: location-server, be used for the distance between computing client end addressing address and the data transmitting server addressing address, with the data transmitting server of described close together as with the data transmitting server of described client communication.
10. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises: tracking server is used to write down the information of all data transmitting servers and client.
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| CN102349057A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-02-08 | 创新科技有限公司 | Method and system for file distribution |
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| CN104580276A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-29 | 深圳市腾讯计算机系统有限公司 | Information pushing method, device and system, as well as information access device |
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