CN101275892A - Concrete multi-factors durability experimental device under bent tension stress and environment coupled action - Google Patents
Concrete multi-factors durability experimental device under bent tension stress and environment coupled action Download PDFInfo
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- CN101275892A CN101275892A CNA2008100203778A CN200810020377A CN101275892A CN 101275892 A CN101275892 A CN 101275892A CN A2008100203778 A CNA2008100203778 A CN A2008100203778A CN 200810020377 A CN200810020377 A CN 200810020377A CN 101275892 A CN101275892 A CN 101275892A
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Abstract
In a concrete multi-factor durability experimental device under the action of the bend-pulling stress and the environment coupling, lower part of the pulling rod (6) is connected to a lower pressing board (9); the upper part of the pulling rod (6) presses a stress sensor (1) on the pulling board (2) via the screw cap (3) traversing the upper pressing board (5) and pulling board (2); a spring (4) is arranged between the pulling board (2) and the upper pressing board (5); concrete test pieces (8) are arranged between the upper pressing board (5) and the lower pressing board (9); a mat stick (7) is arranged between the concrete test pieces and between the concrete test piece (8) and the upper pressing board (5) or the lower pressing board (9); two sides of the concrete test piece (8) are arranged with a constant force holding meter (10); the constant force holding meter (10) is connected to the non-metal supersonic testing meter (11). The device is suitable for the big size concrete test piece, retaining the no stress loosing state in the process of loading in a long term.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of concrete multi-factors durability experimental technique and device under flexural tensile stress and environment coupled action, belongs to the concrete durability measuring technology.Be mainly used in building and field of traffic.
Background technology
Since half a century, xoncrete structure causes owing to permanance is not enough that the xoncrete structure premature failure is destroyed, the accident of the lost of life but is on the increase, and especially Important Project such as dam, road, bridge, harbour and high-rise do not reach accident that design period just destroys and happen occasionally and cause tremendous economic to lose and casualties.Chinese Academy of Engineering's investigation report shows, causes that owing to steel bar corrosion the direct economic loss of xoncrete structure is up to 1,000 hundred million yuan/year in China.Though the research of relevant concrete durability has decades, mostly research work is the permanance under the effect of consideration single environment destructive factor; Yet on the practical work, the concrete permanance of actual engineering should be moved under stress or non-stress and varying environment (under chemical corrosion and the physics fatigue condition) acting in conjunction, permanance research under the single factors effect is difficult to reflect truly objective reality, concrete permanance is multifactor, is the coefficient results of dual factors at least.In addition, inside concrete damage degradation also anything but each destructive factor separately effect cause simply adding and be worth of damage, but factors influence each other, superpose alternately.Usually concrete degradation acts on the summation that causes damage down separately greater than each impairment factor under the effect of multiple-disruption factor, promptly produce the damage stack rule and the super synergistic effect of 1+1＞2,1+2＞3, cause the concrete works performance to reduce fast and the lost of life; On the other hand, the reciprocation of impairment factor is existing just to be influenced, and negatively influencing is also arranged.As freeze thawing and deicer salts, both can cause that all concrete expands, and damage negative effect (promptly having accelerated damage) is arranged, and deicer salts can reduce the freezing point alleviation freeze-thaw damage of water again simultaneously, is the damage positive-effect.Therefore, according to concrete environment of living in, weather and load situation in the engineering reality, the principal element that influences permanance is carried out reasonable combination, system carry out dual or the effect of multiple-disruption factor under concrete durability research, reciprocation between quantization factor and factor, be the great science and technology and the theoretical difficult problem of current concrete subject, caused the extensive and great attention of international academic community at present, its achievement in research will produce significant impact to concrete structure durability design and life prediction thereof.
The endurance issues of research concrete under dual and multiple-disruption factor effect, top priority are exactly to set up the test method system that can consider 2 or above destructive factor simultaneously.Consider that in actual engineering, structural concrete is all worked and moved under loaded state.Therefore, concrete durability has important theoretical research meaning and engineering using value widely under research load and other destructive factor acting in conjunction.When set up considering the test method system of 2 of load or above destructive factor, have 2 key technical problems to solve: the first, design can apply the test loading system of accurate load to concrete sample; The second, foundation can be carried out continuously the concrete sample that loads, nondestructive test method fast and data acquisition system (DAS).
Permanance research is less under the counter stress effect both at home and abroad, comprehensive existing documents and materials are not difficult to find, existing charger all is to apply bending stress, its reason has two: the design of test processing that 1. applies drawing stress is very difficult, the very difficult assurance in test axis of tension sample overlaps with the tensile load active line, occur eccentric phenomena especially easily, cause test findings to have very big discreteness; 2. in practice, the situation that xoncrete structure directly bears axial tension seldom, the overwhelming majority is crooked tension, replaces axial tension to have more practical significance with crooked tension.Concrete durability experiment can be divided three classes it: the 1) loading frame of lever principle design with charger (being called for short multifactor charger) under analysis, the effect of the existing multiple-disruption factor of research; 2) utilize the pull bar loading system of answering torque wrench control; 3) utilize spring to load according to Hooke's law.Advantage for lever loading device is that principle is simple, and the load controllability is relatively good, is not subjected to Temperature Influence; Shortcoming is that loading efficiency is lower, when 50% bending stress of the test specimen that loads 40mm * 40mm * 160mm, lever length needs 0.6 meter, taken a large amount of test spaces like this, load at the same time-freeze thawing, during the test of multi-factors durability such as loading-carbonization, the chamber of test apparatus almost can't be held, if lever arm length reduces, and load precise decreasing then.Advantage for the pull bar loading system is easy and simple to handle, and device volume is small and exquisite, can adapt to permanance devices such as existing standard carbonization case and freezing-thawing test instrument, realizes stress-environment (carbonization, freeze thawing etc.) coupling; Shortcoming is to answer the control accuracy of torque wrench lower, and is subjected to the influence of nut corrosion etc. easily, makes the load control accuracy further descend; Stress will take place more loose in holding the lotus process for a long time.In addition, this method is not suitable for the loading in the freezing-thawing test, because expanding with heat and contract with cold of pull bar can be caused very big error during temperature variation, even pull bar adopts the little material of thermal expansivity, the expanding with heat and contract with cold of concrete itself, creep, error that surfacial spalling causes also can not be ignored, and in frozen-thaw process, might immerse in water or the solution with the bolt of answering torque wrench to screw, can cause the variation of bolt friction factor, the variation that friction factor is small can cause very big loads change, answers torque wrench can't eliminate the error that causes thus.For spring charging device, adopted by domestic and international many researchers at present, this device is by the Sun Wei of Southeast China University professor and admire invention such as Doctor Confucius, its advantage is that principle is simple, volume is little, save the space, can realize freeze thawing, do wet, carbonization, multifactorial experiment such as chemical corrosion, and once can realize 3 test blocks are loaded simultaneously, improved efficient greatly; Shortcoming is: the concrete sample size that (1) is suitable for is too little, only is 40 * 40 * 160mm, is off-gauge small specimen, can not fully react the original character of concrete material in the actual engineering, has reduced the homogeneity of test figure and the accordance of engineering reality; (2) distance limit between tension member and the test specimen side, can not directly move continuously and ultrasonic performance test to the concrete sample (promptly not unloading) of stress state, for the concrete sample that reaches certain length of time, just can carry out index test after must unloading, reload after test finishes, this can not fully react the Damage and Failure state under the stress state again; (3) in addition, although being carried in to a certain extent, can not eliminate fully by spring by the loose problem of the distortion release portion component of stress of self.
Above-mentioned many shortcomings have seriously limited the widespread use in the concrete multi-factors durability experiment of flexural tensile stress charger.Therefore, development is applicable to the large-size concrete sample, and can keep holding for a long time in the lotus process unstressed loose easy to be small and exquisite flexural tensile stress experimental provision and have important use value, and prospect is very wide.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art and defective, utilize spring loading principle and sensor technology, develop a kind of large-size concrete sample that is applicable to, and can keep holding for a long time in the lotus process concrete multi-factors durability experimental device under unstressed loose, the easy small and exquisite flexural tensile stress and environment coupled action.
Technical scheme; Concrete multi-factors durability experimental device comprises strain gauge, arm-tie, nut, spring, top board, pull bar, pad rod, concrete sample, lower platen, constant force clamping instrument, nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument under flexural tensile stress of the present invention and the environment coupled action; Wherein the bottom of pull bar is connected with lower platen, top board is passed on the top of pull bar and arm-tie is pressed in strain gauge on the arm-tie by nut, between arm-tie and top board, be provided with spring, between top board and lower platen, be provided with concrete sample, be provided with the pad rod between each concrete sample and between concrete sample and top board or the lower platen, be provided with constant force clamping instrument in the both sides of concrete sample, constant force clamping instrument is connected with nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument.Constant force clamping instrument comprises support, stage clip, and support is the U font, and stage clip has two, lays respectively in the U font support to right both sides.
Characteristics of the present invention are as follows:
1, is suitable for the too solution of minor issue of concrete sample size
The concrete sample that is suitable for of original two pull-rod spring chargers is 40mm * 40mm * 160mm, is small specimen, can not fully react the original character of concrete material in the actual engineering, has also strengthened the discreteness of test figure simultaneously; In addition, when mineral admixture such as flyash, slag volume was higher in the concrete material, the small specimen xsect was with whole carbonizations during the accelerated carbonation experiment.For making test findings more near engineering reality, and the warranty test data are reliable, need to strengthen sample dimensions, yet after strengthening sample dimensions, if apply the bending stress level with the identical size of small specimen, then require spring to produce load and increase to increase the relation that multiple is approximated to square with sample dimensions.Therefore, the concrete sample size again can not be too big, otherwise the spring size will be very huge, and the charger that causes processing can't adapt to the test cabin that has fast freeze-thaw instrument, carbonization case, baking oven and chemical corrosion case now, can't realize the coupled in common effect of stress and environment.Through Theoretical Calculation and experiment test, the suitable concrete sample of this device is that prism, depth-width ratio are 4, full-size 100mm * 100mm * 400mm.
For making full use of the distinct advantages of spring charging device, avoid simultaneously causing the shortcoming that spring is oversize owing to sample dimensions increases, this project redesigns original two pull-rod spring chargers and improve, and it is designed to the four-pull-rod spring charging device.So design can be born jointly with being changed into by four springs by original two spring load applications, and the sample dimensions that so not only is suitable for can increase by 1 times, and can significantly reduce the size of spring; Simultaneously, the four-pull-rod spring charging device also can apply high stress level, for the highest bending stress level that can apply more than 80% of the following concrete of C35, for the highest bending stress level that can apply more than 50% of concrete of C60; In addition, for the four-pull-rod spring charging device, the space of vacating between four pull bars just is being suitable for transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal placing the supersonic sounding instrument and move instrument, therefore, can carry out direct, continuous moving and ultrasonic performance test to the concrete sample (promptly not unloading) of stress state, need not unload back test, the process of reloading again after test finishes, thus guaranteed that test findings fully reacts the Damage and Failure state under the stress state.
2, the solution of the stress relaxation problem of four-pull-rod spring charging device in holding the lotus process for a long time
To a certain extent can be although spring is carried in by the loose problem of the distortion release portion component of stress of self, but can not eliminate fully, during particularly for the dual and multiple factor Experimental Investigation on Durability under loading, freeze thawing, the etchant solution compound action, more serious in the later stage owing to concrete sample internal injury deterioration, a large amount of crackles have been produced, test piece deformation is bigger, causes that comparatively serious stress is loose, alleviates by the distortion of spring self this moment can not solve.
For solving the stress relaxation problem of holding for a long time in the lotus process, this project specialized designs and made the belt stress sensor, be installed in above the spring of four-pull-rod spring charging device, its lead-in wire links to each other with computing machine, monitor stress changes in real time, in case stress loss surpasses 5% in holding the lotus process for a long time, then tightening nuts makes it to return to the virgin stress value.
3, the solution of the transmitting terminal of the supersonic sounding instrument and the instrument of moving and receiving terminal and concrete sample contact problems
For the multi-factors durability test, the test of the ultrasound parameter and the modulus of moving is the important indicator of research concrete sample degree of injury.Therefore, significant to its correct test.Early-stage Study finds, when the tester to transmitting terminal and receiving terminal externally applied forces not simultaneously, it is different to cause transmitting terminal and receiving terminal and concrete sample to contact tightness degree, causing has 5% difference approximately to the test result of same test specimen.In order to eliminate test error, we have processed one " constant force clamping instrument " specially.Two springs that rigidity is identical are arranged in this clamping instrument, when test, closely contact with concrete sample with receiving terminal by the elastic compression detection instrument of ultrasonic spring and the transmitting terminal of the instrument of moving.Because the length of each test specimen is identical, the elastic force that spring applies during therefore each the test is identical, has so just avoided artificial test error.
Beneficial effect:
1. to take volume little for charger, can utilize existing carbonization case, freezing-thawing test machine, baking oven, chemical corrosion experimental box etc. to carry out the multi-factors durability test, and satisfy the requirement of test in enormous quantities in a short time.
2. satisfy big test specimen, heavily stressed loading requirement than (reaching as high as stress ratio 0.8).
3. application of force method is simple, and is unstressed lax in the loading procedure
4. adopt stainless steel design fully, avoid charger generation corrosion in process of the test, occurring and the appearance of the STRESS VARIATION situation that causes.
5. the employing stainless steel spring is avoided because the generation of the gravitation relaxation that the spring corrosion causes.
6. groove part such as stress point has carried out polishing and circular arc is handled, be in the loading procedure stressed all even accurately.
7. be not acted upon by temperature changes (thermal expansion of the stress relaxation in the process of the test, test specimen and instrument and the variation of freeze thawing circulating temperature etc. are to the almost not influence of test specimen load-bearing), the loading accuracy height, test findings is accurately and reliably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the concrete multi-factors durability experimental device front view.
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 constant force clamping instrument synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 adopts the concrete outcome of the case 1 of apparatus of the present invention enforcement.
Fig. 5 adopts the concrete outcome of the case 2 of apparatus of the present invention enforcement.
Fig. 6 adopts the concrete outcome of the case 3 of apparatus of the present invention enforcement.
Fig. 7 adopts the concrete outcome of the case 4 of apparatus of the present invention enforcement.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
This device comprises strain gauge 1, arm-tie 2, nut 3, spring 4, top board 5, pull bar 6, pad rod 7, concrete sample 8, lower platen 9, constant force clamping instrument 10, nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument 11; Wherein the bottom of pull bar 6 is connected with lower platen 9, top board 5 is passed on the top of pull bar 6 and arm-tie 2 is pressed in strain gauge 1 on the arm-tie 2 by nut 3, between arm-tie 2 and top board 5, be provided with spring 4, between top board 5 and lower platen 9, be provided with concrete sample 8, be provided with pad rod 7 between each concrete sample 8 and between concrete sample 8 and top board 5 or the lower platen 9, be provided with constant force clamping instrument 10 in the both sides of concrete sample 8, constant force clamping instrument 10 is connected with nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument 11.Constant force clamping instrument (10) comprises support 12, stage clip 13, and support 12 is the U font, and stage clip 13 has two, lays respectively in the U font support 12 to right both sides.
At first processing has the lower platen of two circular arc type grooves, and in the tapping respectively of four bights; Process screw thread in the end of four pull bars then, and it is screwed into respectively in the corresponding screw of lower platen; Two pad rods are put in the groove of lower platen, then that three concrete test specimens are high to being successively placed on the pad rod from hanging down; Four bights at top board process four circular holes respectively, then it are passed four pull bars; Four springs are then passed four pull bars be put on the top board, and the arm-tie that four bights have circular hole is passed pull bar be placed on the spring; Then four ring-type strain gauges are through respectively on four pull bars, strain gauge is 2 high precision foil gauge symmetries to be sticked on two of aluminium matter annulus survey and to make; The nut of screwing on afterwards.For constant force clamping instrument, process U font support earlier; So survey two circular holes of processing, be used to pass the test cap lead-in wire of nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument at support two; Then two stage clips are welded on support two surveys respectively, stage clip center and circular hole centres.
When carrying out stress-environment coupling experiment, at first get with six concrete samples of proportioning, wherein get three and carry out the four-point bending experiment, obtain average bending strength as one group (can be or cut in the structure at the scene) in laboratory moulding; Utilize four-pull-rod spring charging device shown in Figure 1 that remaining three concrete samples are applied flexural tensile stress then, wherein the first half of test specimen is in curved compressive stress state, and the latter half is in the flexural tensile stress state, the bottom surface central span is 3/4 of a test specimen length, and upper surface fulcrum span is 1/4.Adopt when stress applies Material Testing Machine with constant rate of speed lentamente to the top board stress application until the regulation stress ratio, keep this pressure constant then, and tightening nuts rapidly.Link to each other with the computing machine variation of real-time monitor stress of the lead-in wire of strain gauge, in case stress loss surpasses 5%, then tightening nuts makes it to return to the virgin stress value.The concrete sample that will have charger behind the loaded places in the test cabin of permanance devices such as standard carbonization case, freezing-thawing test instrument, baking oven and chemical corrosion case, carries out stress, carbonization, freeze thawing, does the coupled in common effect of dual or multiple-disruption factor such as wet and chemical corrosion.Every regular hour or circulation, the concrete sample that will have charger takes out, and tests the variation of its quality, utilizes constant force clamping instrument and nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument to test the variation of concrete ultrasound parameter then.
Embodiment 1:
Concrete mix (kg/m
3): cement-275, flyash-183, sand-705, stone-1127, water-160, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid-3.2
By said ratio, after adopting forced stirrer to mix thoroughly, fresh concrete is watered in the punching block that is of a size of 70mm * 70mm * 280mm, shaking table vibration 30s, the demoulding after 24h is left standstill in the laboratory, (temperature (20 ± 3 ℃, relative humidity more than 90%) maintenance is taken out to regulation the length of time then then concrete sample to be put into standard curing room.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good concrete sample of maintenance being carried out the four-point bending strength test, is 0.01mm/s by control loaded speed during experiment, and four-point bending tests at present that bottom center's span is 210mm, and upper surface fulcrum span is 70mm.According to recording bending strength, concrete sample is applied 0.20,0.35,0.50,0.65,0.80 six stress level (flexural tensile stress that applies/limit flexural tensile stress) respectively.The concrete sample that will have charger behind the loaded places in the standard carbonization case test cabin, carries out stress-carbonization coupling experiment.Carbonization to 3,7,14,28, test the carbonation depth in concrete simple bending district during 90d respectively.Record stress-carbonation depth as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 2:
Concrete mix (kg/m
3): cement-275, flyash-183, sand-705, stone-1127, water-160, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid-3.2
By said ratio, after adopting forced stirrer to mix thoroughly, fresh concrete is watered in the punching block that is of a size of 70mm * 70mm * 280mm, shaking table vibration 30s, the demoulding after 24h is left standstill in the laboratory, (temperature (20 ± 3 ℃, relative humidity more than 90%) maintenance is taken out to regulation the length of time then then concrete sample to be put into standard curing room.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good concrete sample of maintenance being carried out the four-point bending strength test, is 0.01mm/s by control loaded speed during experiment, and four-point bending tests at present that bottom center's span is 210mm, and upper surface fulcrum span is 70mm.According to recording bending strength, concrete sample is applied 0.20,0.35,0.50,0.65,0.80 six stress level (flexural tensile stress that applies/limit flexural tensile stress) respectively.The concrete sample that will have charger behind the loaded places the corrosion case that fills NaCl=3.5% (mass percent) solution to soak 12 months, carries out stress-chlorine salt corrosion experiment.Record that stress-the villaumite Diffusion Law as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 3:
Concrete mix (kg/m
3): cement-275, flyash-183, sand-705, stone-1127, water-160, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid-3.2
By said ratio, after adopting forced stirrer to mix thoroughly, fresh concrete is watered in the punching block that is of a size of 70mm * 70mm * 280mm, shaking table vibration 30s, the demoulding after 24h is left standstill in the laboratory, (temperature (20 ± 3 ℃, relative humidity more than 90%) maintenance is taken out to regulation the length of time then then concrete sample to be put into standard curing room.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good concrete sample of maintenance being carried out the four-point bending strength test, is 0.01mm/s by control loaded speed during experiment, and four-point bending tests at present that bottom center's span is 210mm, and upper surface fulcrum span is 70mm.According to recording bending strength, concrete sample is applied 0.20,0.35,0.50,0.65,0.80 six stress level (flexural tensile stress that applies/limit flexural tensile stress) respectively.The concrete sample that will have charger behind the loaded places the fast freeze-thaw experimental box, carries out stress-freeze thawing circulation coupling durability experiment.Record under stress-freeze thawing circulation coupling concrete damage deterioration process as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 4:
Concrete mix (kg/m
3): cement-405, flyash-108, silicon ash-54, sand-642, stone-1134, water-151, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid-4.82
By said ratio, after adopting forced stirrer to mix thoroughly, fresh concrete is watered in the punching block that is of a size of 40mm * 40mm * 160mm, shaking table vibration 30s, the demoulding after 24h is left standstill in the laboratory, (temperature (20 ± 3 ℃, relative humidity more than 90%) maintenance is taken out to regulation the length of time then then concrete sample to be put into standard curing room.With the MTS810 experimental machine the good concrete sample of maintenance being carried out the four-point bending strength test, is 0.01mm/s by control loaded speed during experiment, and four-point bending tests at present that bottom center's span is 120mm, and upper surface fulcrum span is 40mm.According to recording bending strength, concrete sample is applied 0.35 stress level (flexural tensile stress that applies/limit flexural tensile stress).The concrete sample that will have charger behind the loaded places and fills 10%MgSO
4Soak in the corrosion case of the compound etchant solution of+3.5%NaCl (mass percent), carry out stress-chemical corrosion experiment and stress-dried wetting-chemical corrosion experiment respectively.Wherein drying and watering cycle system is as follows: dry 24h in 60 ℃ of baking ovens, take out and cool off 3h in air, place it in compound etchant solution then and soak 45h, this is a circulation.Record under stress-environment coupled action concrete Damage and Failure process as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (2)
1, concrete multi-factors durability experimental device under a kind of flexural tensile stress and the environment coupled action is characterized in that this device comprises strain gauge (1), arm-tie (2), nut (3), spring (4), top board (5), pull bar (6), pad rod (7), concrete sample (8), lower platen (9), constant force clamping instrument (10), nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument (11); Wherein the bottom of pull bar (6) is connected with lower platen (9), top board (5) is passed on the top of pull bar (6) and arm-tie (2) is pressed in strain gauge (1) on the arm-tie (2) by nut (3), between arm-tie (2) and top board (5), be provided with spring (4), between top board (5) and lower platen (9), be provided with concrete sample (8), be provided with pad rod (7) between each concrete sample (8) and between concrete sample (8) and top board (5) or the lower platen (9), be provided with constant force clamping instrument (10) in the both sides of concrete sample (8), constant force clamping instrument (10) is connected with nonmetal ultrasonic tesint instrument (11).
2, concrete multi-factors durability experimental device under flexural tensile stress according to claim 1 and the environment coupled action, it is characterized in that constant force clamping instrument (10) comprises support (12), stage clip (13), support (12) is the U font, stage clip (13) has two, lays respectively at the introversive right both sides of U font support (12).
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| CN2702299Y (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2005-05-25 | 中国建筑材料科学研究院 | Probe unit for damages caused by combined action of concrete environment corrosion and mechanic load |
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