CN101275199A - High-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel - Google Patents

High-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101275199A
CN101275199A CNA2008101107087A CN200810110708A CN101275199A CN 101275199 A CN101275199 A CN 101275199A CN A2008101107087 A CNA2008101107087 A CN A2008101107087A CN 200810110708 A CN200810110708 A CN 200810110708A CN 101275199 A CN101275199 A CN 101275199A
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steel
tempered steel
hardened
strengthening
quenched
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CNA2008101107087A
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CN100478480C (en
Inventor
陈蕴博
何光辉
丁洁
许岚
唐新民
翁伟民
郭小钢
左玲立
严国卫
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Hangzhou Iron & Steel Group Co
ZHEJIANG APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIAL INSTITUTE
Advanced Manufacture Technology Center China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology
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Hangzhou Iron & Steel Group Co
ZHEJIANG APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIAL INSTITUTE
Advanced Manufacture Technology Center China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology
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Publication of CN101275199A publication Critical patent/CN101275199A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to an untempered steel with high performance and low cost, belonging to the field of microalloy structure, the chemical ingredients of the steel by weight percent wt% are that: C: 0.30-0.55, Si: 0.2-0.8; Mn: 0.8-1.7; P: 0.0001-0.02; S: 0.0001-0.15; N/Al: 0.2-1.8, the rests are Fe. The invention is added with cheap elements incorporating solid solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening and carbide delaying so as to improve the intensity of the steel on condition that the plastic toughness is not affected. Compared with current traditional untempered steel which is added with expensive strengthening elements like V, Nb and the like, the invention settles the problem about raising price of raw materials of international ferrovanadium and ferroniobium alloy, remarkably lessening the production cost of steel material and simplifying the manufacturing procedure, thus the invention is particularly suitable for the producing of hot forging, rolling piece and directly-cutting component in the fields that require large quantity and wide scope, such as mechanical manufacturing industry and vehicle industry.

Description

High-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel
Technical field
The invention belongs to microalloy structure rings territory, particularly a kind of high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel that does not contain expensive strengthening elements such as V, Nb.
Background technology
Non-hardened and tempered steel adds micro alloying element because of it, can make indexs such as intensity, plasticity reach the level of quenched and tempered steel saving under forging (rolling) the postheat treatment prerequisite, thereby simplification production technique, shorten the production cycle, improve material use efficiency, effectively realize the characteristics that energy-saving material-saving, consumption reduction reduce discharging, can be widely used in the forging of machinery manufacturing industry and automobile industry, rolled piece, present bright development prospect and vast market space.Yet the international price of raw materials such as the vanadium iron that traditional non-hardened and tempered steel added, ferro-niobium is constantly soaring always, this has not only improved the non-hardened and tempered steel production cost greatly, and " intensity is had a surplus, toughness deficiency " problem occurs, hindered the development and the widespread use of non-hardened and tempered steel.For this reason, the present invention proposes to add and have solution strengthening, dispersion-strengthened concurrently and delay the cheap element that carbide is separated out, make it under the situation that does not influence plasticity and toughness, improve the intensity of steel, thereby guaranteed the power savings advantages of non-hardened and tempered steel, greatly reduce the production cost of steel simultaneously, be beneficial to production application.
Usually, the reinforcement of middle carbon microalloy pearlitic steel both at home and abroad is all by the strong carbonization elements (normally V, Nb etc.) of trace, utilizes control to forge or the rolling speed of cooling that reaches is subsequently controlled sedimentary separating out and grain refining.Micro alloying element such as V, Nb all is present among the non-hardened and tempered steel with compound and solid solution condition, showing as its carbonitride separates out because of deformation induced, effectively the pinning austenite grain boundary can not grown up crystal grain, V, Nb carbonitride are deposited on crystal boundary and the dislocation simultaneously, stop recrystallize and dislocation motion, suppress the carrying out of recrystallization process.And V, Nb carbonitride play the effect of significant precipitation strength to non-hardened and tempered steel.In addition, add strong carbide forming elements such as V, Nb in the steel, fixedly a part of C, N in the steel can change ferritic form and distribution, and the variation of ferrite in the steel and pearlitic relative quantity is exerted an influence.
First kind of non-hardened and tempered steel 49MnVS3 in the world of Thyssen company early seventies initiative adopts V microalloy strengthening mechanism and develops.This non-hardened and tempered steel is used for automobile crane, is the forge hot steel, is the good ferrite-pearlite type non-hardened and tempered steel of intensity height, plasticity.Mostly being greatly of the present industrial application of China contains the vanadium non-hardened and tempered steel, with non-hardened and tempered steel F45V, F35MnVN, F40MnV etc., wherein all contains 0.06~0.13% V as the forge hot in the GB/T15712-1995 standard.And the non-hardened and tempered steel of development also is the compound on the original basis Ti (0.01~0.12%) that added thus, and as F40MnVTi and 25MnSiVTi etc., its manufacturing cost is higher.Containing the research of niobium micro-alloy non-hardened and tempered steel and using sophisticated country is Brazil, and the NB middle carbon microalloy pearlitic steel has 50MnNb and Perlitico De forja (z) etc., all contains 0.05~0.10% Nb.19MnVS6 in the international standard ISO middle carbon microalloy pearlitic steel, 30MnVS6,38MnVS6,46MnVS6 and 46MnVS3 etc. all contain 0.08~0.20% V.
At present, in the patent of invention of the relevant middle carbon microalloy pearlitic steel of China, all do not relate to the content of strengthening elements such as not adding V, Nb.
Summary of the invention
All need be at existing middle carbon microalloy pearlitic steel by adding the problem that has improved the non-hardened and tempered steel cost when units such as V, Nb usually realize strengthening greatly, the present invention proposes a kind of high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel, adopt cheap element to strengthen, increase the thinking that provides new for solving the steel product cost that brings because of the interpolation noble element, for the performance optimization of non-hardened and tempered steel provides innovative technology, promote its machinery manufacturing industry that has a large capacity and a wide range and automobile industry forge hot, rolled piece and directly cutting with the production of member.
High-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel of the present invention, by weight percentage by following elementary composition: C:0.30~0.55, Si:0.2~0.8, Mn:0.8~1.7, P:0.0001~0.02, S:0.0001~0.15, N/Al:0.2~1.8 (wherein Al:0.0001~0.05%), all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.By this composition range, adopt EAF just to refine-LF refining-continuous casting-rolling technology route.Technology such as innovated that LF refining process top slag control techniques, nitrogen pick-up technology and inclusion modification are handled and controlled rolling-control is cold.Strict control harmful element content is to improve the purity and the Composition Control precision of steel.
High-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel of the present invention does not contain strengthening elements such as V, Nb, has solution strengthening, dispersion-strengthened concurrently and delays the cheap element that carbide is separated out by interpolation, makes it improve the intensity of steel under the situation that does not influence plasticity and toughness.
Described high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel, the fine precipitation of control AlN is separated out in material continuous casting and rolling process, grows up to suppress austenite recrystallization crystal grain and ferrite crystal grain, obtains refined crystalline strengthening, changes traditional middle carbon microalloy pearlitic steel and strengthens pattern.The mechanical property that an amount of AlN or TiN can improve steel in the steel can be controlled autstenitic grain size, crystal grain thinning effectively.The test detected result shows: (1) when the identical and speed of cooling of deflection not simultaneously, the amount of AlN precipitated phase almost has no change, and deflection is when increasing, the AlN amount of separating out showed increased.This shows that the rolling draught of suitable increase helps separating out of AlN, and the variation of speed of cooling influences little to separating out of AlN.(2) variation of nitrogen in steel and aluminum ratio value (N/Al) has comparatively significantly influence to its tissue and performance.Increase with N/Al ratio in the steel, plasticity improves; Increase with N/Al ratio in the steel, AlN phase particle size reduces, and dispersity increases, and the grain fineness number of steel increases, the obvious refinement of microstructure.
Described high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel, by the control composition of inclusions, the refinement inclusion particle, the germinating and the expansion of reduction crackle make it have high fatigue strength.Inclusion comprises sulfide, aluminum oxide, silicate and spherical oxide etc. in this new steel grade.Steel inclusion is through after the hot-work, may become shapes such as rectangular, spindle or ball, wherein the back both help the raising of toughness and cutting ability.By aluminium deoxidation and interpolation alloy denaturing treatment smelting technology, with control inclusion morphology, size, content, distribution and deformation parameter, to improve the mechanical property and the equal orientation performance of steel, also can weaken crack initiation and expansion improve fatigue strength.
The high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel that the present invention produces, microstructure are ferrite+perlite, and grain fineness number is 5~9 grades; Mechanical property is Rm 〉=850MPa, Rel 〉=550MPa, A 〉=16%, Z 〉=40%, A Ku2〉=40J.
Relevant alloying element is described below in the effect of steel among the present invention:
C:0.30~0.55%, carbon has the greatest impact to non-hardened and tempered steel intensity and hardness, is one of the most effective strengthening element, is again the most cheap chemical element simultaneously.But the too high meeting of carbon content obviously reduces the plasticity and the toughness of steel.
Si:0.2~0.8%, silicon is reinforced ferrite significantly, has stronger solid solution strengthening effect.But too high silicon reduces toughness and other processing performances of steel.
Mn:0.8~1.7%, manganese are in the alloying element, to the intensity of non-hardened and tempered steel, the element that toughness all has good action.The manganeseirom price is lower, selects suitable manganese content, helps improving the performance of non-hardened and tempered steel, and cost performance is preferably arranged.But when the too high levels of manganese, be easy to occur bainite structure, worsen the toughness of steel, and to processing performances such as heat, cold working generation adverse influence.
P:0.0001-0.02%, phosphorus belongs to harmful first impurity element at steel grade among the present invention, easily forms banded structure, increases the cold shortness of steel.Therefore content is low more good more.
S:0.0001~0.15%, an amount of sulphur can form the inclusion favourable to machining among the present invention, thereby improves the machinability of steel.
N/Al:0.2~1.8 (wherein Al:0.0001~0.05%), aluminium among the present invention is for deoxidation and reduces grain-size, be combined into AlN with the nitrogen in the steel, as the grain-size fining agent with separate out promotor, effectively stop AUSTENITE GRAIN COARSENING, obtain tiny ferrite crystal grain, help improving the toughness of steel.The ratio of the two has tangible influence to the mechanical property of steel.
Also can contain Ti:0.0001~0.15% in the technical solution of the present invention, wherein the carboritride of Ti is stable compound, has the effect of tangible crystal grain thinning.
Steel grade provided by the invention is by automobile part technical indicator examination, and can be applicable to industries such as machinery manufacturing industry and automobile, metallurgy, petrochemical industry with all kinds of axles, rod member, gear or other parts.Steel grade of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, cheap, optimized the steel grade mechanical property.Compare with existing traditional non-hardened and tempered steel, manufacturing cost reduces greatly, and has avoided because the influence that production causes to steel of floating of noble element international prices such as vanadium, niobium.The obdurability of steel grade, the optimum matching of cost performance have been realized.
2, use properties excellence.Compare with existing traditional non-hardened and tempered steel, plasticity and toughness all have raising in various degree, and tests such as the fatigue test of member, road conditions show its use properties excellence.
3, the production of steel grade, preparation technology are simple.Compare with traditional non-hardened and tempered steel, adopt EAF just to refine-LF refining-continuous casting-rolling technology route, production technique is easy to control and grasps, and quality of item and structure property reach the requirement of regulation.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with concrete embodiment.
Inventive embodiments
The high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel that faces the future that the present invention relates to, by weight percentage by following elementary composition: C:0.30~0.55, Si:0.2~0.8, Mn:0.8~1.7, P:0.0001~0.02, S:0.0001~0.15, N/Al:0.2~1.8 (wherein Al:0.0001~0.05%).All the other are Fe.Described high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel does not contain expensive elements such as V, Nb, realizes highly malleablized by changing composition configuration and optimal preparation technology.Described high-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel microstructure is ferrite+perlite, and grain fineness number is 5~9 grades; Mechanical property is Rm 〉=850MPa, Rel 〉=550MPa, A 〉=16%, Z 〉=40%, A Ku2〉=40J.The preparation method is: (1) smelts and alloying: electric furnace or converter smelting, and tapping, employing external refining to chemical ingredients scope meet the requirements, the protection cast; (2) controlled rolling and controlled cooling: steel billet is 1000~1280 ℃ in the soaking temperature of process furnace, 1000~1200 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, and 850~1050 ℃ of finishing temperatures, the speed of cooling of stocking are 10~180 ℃/min.
Wherein, contain weight percent Ti:0.0001~0.15% in addition in the preferred technical solution of the present invention.
The steel grade design mix according to the present invention adopts EAF just to refine-LF refining-continuous casting-rolling technology route, and test is carried out chemical composition analysis and mechanical property detection with steel.
Described refining just, adding the high-quality steel scrap in the stove and disposing the molten iron ratio is 30~40%, smelts should keep dry with raw and auxiliary material, harmful elements such as the phosphorus in the strict control steel, arsenic, lead; Tapping temperature is 1600~1680 ℃.
The time of described external refining is 30~50 minutes, and in the refined alloy process, all deoxidation alloyings add Mn, FeS, MnN, Al alloy, Ti alloy etc. after finishing successively; Carry out calcium after the refining and handle, promote to add come-up and " sex change " of foreign material.
Described continuous casting working procedure adopts total process protective casting, opens the crystallizer electromagnetic mixing apparatus, and the target superheating temperature is 10~30 ℃, and cooling intensity is weak cold in being, pulling rate is 0.6~3.6m/min.
In the rolling process, steel billet is 1000~1280 ℃ in the soaking temperature of process furnace, 1000~1200 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, and 850~1050 ℃ of finishing temperatures, the speed of cooling of stocking are 10~180 ℃/min.
Test steel and traditional non-hardened and tempered steel composition, performance relatively see Table 1, table 2.
Comparative Examples 1: F45V forge hot non-hardened and tempered steel in the Chinese GB/T15712-1995 standard.
Comparative Examples 2: F35MnVN forge hot non-hardened and tempered steel in the Chinese GB/T15712-1995 standard.
Comparative Examples 3: F40MnV forge hot non-hardened and tempered steel in the Chinese GB/T15712-1995 standard.
Table 1 test steel and traditional non-hardened and tempered steel actual constituent (wt%) are relatively
Table 2 test steel and traditional non-hardened and tempered steel performance are relatively
Rm/MPa Rel/MPa A/% Z/% A ku2/J HB
Example ≥850 ≥550 ≥16 ≥40 ≥40 ≤258
Comparative Examples 1 ≥685 ≥440 ≥15.0 ≥40.0 ≥32 ≤257
Comparative Examples 2 ≥785 ≥490 ≥15.0 ≥40.0 ≥39 ≤269
Comparative Examples 3 ≥785 ≥490 ≥15.0 ≥40.0 ≥36 ≤275
By table 1,2 as can be seen, in the invention steel of embodiment, do not add V, Nb element fully, but, make its mechanical property reach or be better than the performance of Comparative Examples steel by changing composition configuration and optimal preparation technology.
Produce on probation to example steel of the present invention, by adopting EAF just to refine-LF refining-continuous casting-rolling technology route, control is cold after control is forged and forged again, makes the automobile part, the power taking sample analysis detects, and this part technical requirements of its average behaviour index and automobile relatively sees Table 3.
Table 3 the present invention produces with steel and automobile part technical requirements performance and compares
Classification Rm/MPa Rel/MPa A/% A ku2/J HB
The present invention forges the back actual performance 920 570 18 30 254
Technical requirements 800~950 ≥480 15 20 242~285
As shown in Table 3, adopt the non-hardened and tempered steel of the present invention's design just to refine-LF refining-continuous casting-rolling technology route through adopting EAF, again behind control forging and cooling control technology, not adding under noble element (V, the Nb etc.) prerequisite, rely on cheap element to carry out highly malleablized and just can reach the requirement of auto parts use properties.Batch is ordered goods and use but steam supply car part manufacturer can carry out steel of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of non-hardened and tempered steel, it is characterized in that, the chemical ingredients scope is by weight percentage: C:0.30~0.55, Si:0.2~0.8, Mn:0.8~1.7, P:0.0001~0.02, S:0.0001~0.15, N/Al:0.2~1.8, Al:0.0001~0.05 wherein, all the other are Fe.
2, non-hardened and tempered steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also contains Ti:0.0001~0.15 by weight percentage.
CNB2008101107087A 2008-05-27 2008-05-27 High-performance low-cost non-quenched and tempered steel Expired - Fee Related CN100478480C (en)

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Cited By (14)

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CN101812644A (en) * 2010-03-19 2010-08-25 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 Non-quenched cold heading steel for high-strength fasteners and manufacturing method thereof
CN101831598A (en) * 2010-05-26 2010-09-15 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 Low alloy steel for resisting sulfuric acid dew point corrosion and production method thereof
CN103343209A (en) * 2013-07-17 2013-10-09 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Controlled rolling and controlled cooling technique for improving performance of Q235 steel plate
CN104032214A (en) * 2013-09-26 2014-09-10 北大方正集团有限公司 Non-quenched and tempered steel and production technology
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CN111304516A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-06-19 中天钢铁集团有限公司 Non-quenched and tempered steel for high-strength high-low-temperature impact toughness lifting hook and production process
CN111647800A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-09-11 靖江特殊钢有限公司 Preparation method of hot-rolled round steel capable of being directly cut
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CN101831598A (en) * 2010-05-26 2010-09-15 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 Low alloy steel for resisting sulfuric acid dew point corrosion and production method thereof
CN103343209A (en) * 2013-07-17 2013-10-09 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Controlled rolling and controlled cooling technique for improving performance of Q235 steel plate
CN103343209B (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-03-11 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Controlled rolling and controlled cooling technique for improving performance of Q235 steel plate
CN104032214A (en) * 2013-09-26 2014-09-10 北大方正集团有限公司 Non-quenched and tempered steel and production technology
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CN107916373A (en) * 2016-10-09 2018-04-17 抚顺市鑫盛挖掘机配件制造有限公司 A kind of 35SiMnTi steel grades
CN109763061B (en) * 2017-11-09 2021-10-22 苏州苏信特钢有限公司 Non-quenched and tempered steel and preparation method thereof
CN109763061A (en) * 2017-11-09 2019-05-17 苏州苏信特钢有限公司 A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel and preparation method thereof
CN109182909A (en) * 2018-10-12 2019-01-11 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Automobile steering system medium carbon steel and its production method
CN109837461A (en) * 2019-02-15 2019-06-04 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 A kind of the water jacket non-hardened and tempered steel and its manufacturing method of new-energy automobile
CN112143965A (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-29 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Non-quenched and tempered oil casing pipe and manufacturing method thereof
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CN111304516A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-06-19 中天钢铁集团有限公司 Non-quenched and tempered steel for high-strength high-low-temperature impact toughness lifting hook and production process
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CN111647800B (en) * 2020-04-30 2022-03-15 靖江特殊钢有限公司 Preparation method of hot-rolled round steel capable of being directly cut
CN111985128A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-24 南京钢铁股份有限公司 Method for constructing hot working diagram of large-size non-quenched and tempered steel
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CN113388784A (en) * 2021-06-25 2021-09-14 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 Low-temperature-resistant non-quenched and tempered steel and preparation method and application thereof

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