CN101272704A - Predictive and counter predictive visual stimuli - Google Patents

Predictive and counter predictive visual stimuli Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101272704A
CN101272704A CNA2006800301888A CN200680030188A CN101272704A CN 101272704 A CN101272704 A CN 101272704A CN A2006800301888 A CNA2006800301888 A CN A2006800301888A CN 200680030188 A CN200680030188 A CN 200680030188A CN 101272704 A CN101272704 A CN 101272704A
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China
Prior art keywords
indicator
article
dynamic visual
visual indicator
predictive
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Granted
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CNA2006800301888A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101272704B (en
Inventor
理查德·麦克唐纳
爱德华·路易斯·哈伯
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Nike Innovation LP
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Nike International Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/08Trimmings; Ornaments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/0015Sports garments other than provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/088

Abstract

Dynamic visual indicators such as counter-predictive indicators are applied to apparel and apparatus for activities such as athletics. The counter-predictive indicators are configured to provide an indication of wearer/user orientation or anticipated future movement that differs from a true orientation or actual movement. Alternatively, the predictive indicators can be provided to reinforce or heighten perception of wearer/user orientation or anticipated future movement. In some examples, dynamic visual indicators provide apparent body axes that are tilted or displaced from a wearer's actual body axis. Such dynamic visual indicators can be selected based on measured responses to activity specific images or events.

Description

Dress ornament with prediction and anti-prediction visual detector
Technical field
The disclosure relates to and is used to dispose the method that gym suit is decorated with the accuracy that improves or reduce the vision estimation that the racer who expects is moved.
Background technology
Customized the dress ornament that is applied to various motions, thought that the wearer provides safe and comfortable, or provide for aesthetic reasons.For example, the uniform of sports team is equipped to bright color usually or is made by the material of absorbing sweat (wick perspiration) or control heat leakage.Sportswear is frequently decorated to be visually attractive, or comprises and the relevant trade mark of team's patronage.For functional and the wearer is identified as Team Member or other member of community, the dress ornament of configurable these and other motion in order to help.
Though dress ornament has been configured to strengthen the achievement of individual comfort level and a lot of motions, typical uniform and the dress ornament of decorating only promoted wearer's comfort level or beautiful outward appearance is provided.This dress ornament can not reflect the dynamic importance of wearer, and the improved dress ornament of the function that needs to provide additional.
Summary of the invention
According to typical method, at least one dynamic visual indicator is selected, and is applied to an object, as is used for team uniform or other dress ornament of one or more selected activities.In some instances, at least one dynamic visual indicator is a predictive indicator.In other example, at least one dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator (counter-predictive indicator).In other example, at least one dynamic visual indicator is relevant with the apparent orientation (apparent orientation) of body axis.In other illustrative example, at least one dynamic visual indicator is employed, so that the apparent body axis with respect to corresponding actual object axis inclination is provided.
Article comprise a dynamic visual indicator at least.In typical example, dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator or predictive indicator.In further example, dynamic visual indicator is arranged to set up the apparent axis with respect to corresponding actual axis inclination.In other representative instance, second dynamic visual indicator is provided, wherein, first dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator, and second dynamic visual indicator is predictive indicator.In other example, article are team uniform.Still in further example, dynamic visual indicator is configured to block hip angle (hipangle).
Method comprises selects an activity and regulation at least one dynamic visual indicator relevant with the performance of selected activity.In representative instance, dynamic visual indicator is applied in the article relevant with selected activity.In other example, dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator or predictive indicator, and it is associated at least one action that conflicts with selected activity.Still in further example, dynamic visual indicator is defined as predictive indicator, and it is associated at least one action that conflicts with selected activity.In other representative instance, dynamic visual indicator is defined as providing the apparent orientation of article.In some instances, apparent orientation and true bearing are out-of-alignment in fact, and in other example, apparent orientation and true bearing are aimed in fact.
The feature of these and other will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A-1D is a front elevation of describing the sports uniform example, and this uniform comprises the dynamic visual indicator that is configured to cover up hip angle.
Fig. 2 A-2D has described other uniform that comprises dynamic visual indicator.
Fig. 3 A-3B is a schematic diagram of describing the visual detector be configured to cover midline of body (centerline) or health rotation.
Fig. 4 A-4C has described the Occlusion Map (occluded view) that is used to estimate and select the football player of dynamic visual indicator.
Fig. 4 D is the not Occlusion Map of the football player among Fig. 4 A-4C.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic sketch that is used to estimate the system of dynamic visual indicator.
The specific embodiment
Disclosed method and apparatus should not be construed as by any way and limits.On the contrary, the disclosure concentrates on individually and to each other novel and unconspicuous feature and the aspect of various disclosed embodiment with various combinations and sub-portfolio.In addition, method and apparatus is not limited to any concrete aspect or feature or its combination.Disclosed method and apparatus does not require that any one or how concrete advantage are presented or problem is resolved yet.
Though introduce for convenience, the operation and the function of some disclosed method and apparatus is described with specific, continuous order, the description that is to be understood that this mode comprises to be readjusted, unless the language-specific of being set forth below requires specific order.For example, sometimes can readjust or finish simultaneously along the continuous operation of describing.In addition, for simply, accompanying drawing is not showed the variety of way that disclosed method and apparatus can be used in combination with other method and apparatus.In addition, description has used the term such as " determining " and " evaluation " to come disclosed method is described sometimes.These terms are that the height of performed practical operation is abstract.To depend on specific realization and change corresponding to the practical operation of these terms, and can be distinguished by those skilled in the art easily.
For purpose of the present disclosure, vocabulary " comprises (include) ", and same vocabulary " comprises (comprise) " equally has implication widely.In addition, unless point out on the contrary in addition, vocabulary " one (a) " and " one (an) " comprise plural number or odd number.Therefore, for example, under the situation that one or more these features occur, the requirement of " feature " is met.In addition, word " or " comprise associating, non-associating and the two (therefore, a or b comprise a or b, also comprise a and b).
The disclosure provides the representative example for the dress ornament of team sports such as football, Association football, basketball, ice hockey, paintball ball (paintball) or the configuration of other sports events.In other example, can be provided for the dress ornament of individual sports project such as tennis, fencing, combat sports (martial art) or other sports events.These examples only are illustrative, and the dress ornament, equipment and other article that are used for other motion and non-sports can dispose in a similar manner.
Though motion dress ornament, auxiliary equipment and device can be configured to strengthen or reduce wearer's observability, such article also can be configured to strengthen or weaken the prediction or the forecast of following wearer movement, and the vision that perhaps strengthens or weaken accurate body dimension and position is determined.For example, many motions, physical culture and other amusement and vocational activity are based on accurate location adversary or teammate, and prediction adversary or teammate's motion.For example, know football adversary on the football field and teammate's accurate position and body dimension, move for example play football direction or interception direction the future that can help accurately to predict adversary or teammate.The goalkeeper must estimate to hands movement one promptly, and the adversary aims at the general direction and the position of the privileged site at goal or the ad-hoc location of dribbling.The basketball defender must will estimate the adversary equally and move possible next time to shoot, to pass, to dribble forward continuously, cross, turn round or to take some other actions.Position, orientation and the possible improvement of moving estimate fully to improve the efficient of participant when fighting back the adversary or helping the teammate.In these and other activity, the participant can utilize its perception to adversary and/or teammate to predict its following possible moving.Similarly, participant's dress ornament can be configured to hinder the participant is moved or the accurate prediction of behavior.Thereby, can provide dynamic visual indicator to strengthen or to weaken the perception of wearer to the orientation, perhaps strengthen or reduce the prediction accuracy that wearer subsequently moves.
Prediction and anti-prediction dress ornament
The vision prediction that strengthens or weaken can be easily based on activity indicator, one or more parts by configuring goods have visually clearly color, pattern, contrast, tone (hue), color saturation, colour (color value), shape or size, and activity indicator is defined on the article or other article of dress ornament.These patterns can be selected and be applied on the athletes uniforms, to help to limit or to obscure teammate or adversary's orientation or the possible next one action or the direction of action.These indicators also may be used on other article.Be used to strengthen or obscure the visual detector of determining that target bearing or the possible next one move and be referred to herein as " dynamic visual indicator ".Some this indicator can be used for strengthening or obscures as to sportsman orientation or the perception of moving predicted.The dynamic visual indicator that is configured to reduce or weaken visually-perceptible is meant anti-predictive indicator at this, and described visually-perceptible promotes estimation that possible following sportsman is moved.The dynamic visual indicator that is configured to improve visually-perceptible is meant predictive indicator at this, and described visually-perceptible promotes estimation that possible following sportsman is moved.The indicator that is set to obscure sportsman or target direction is different from the tradition of the appearance of hidden personnel of attempt or things to be covered up.In some instances, dynamic visual indicator is configured to be noted easily, but produces the visually-perceptible that target is moved to a certain extent or tilts with respect to its physical location or orientation.
Though in some instances, dynamic visual indicator is based on the body axes setting, as head-pin, head-stern, stern-stern, knee-knee, shoulder-shoulder, ankle-ankle, pin-shoulder, knee-shoulder, direction of visual lines (gaze direction), in other example, other vertical, level or diagonal angle axis can elbows, ankle, pin, head inclination, body inclination or tendency or other direction/position indicator are that use on the basis.In addition, the placement of visual detector can be based on the above the fold of body twist, rotation or body part.In some instances, visual detector can be applicable to move or the clothes or protection-gear of other specific activities in, to strengthen or to reduce the observability of selected motion adjustment such as body position.
Application to the dynamic visual indicator of the specific activities of the uniform or the dress ornament of other specific activities is a representational example.Unified dress ornament not only can be used or be attached to the indicator of this specific activities for example on pants, skirt, trousers, socks, cap, shirt, sport shirt, sweatband and the shoes, but also can use or be attached to other with jaw band, liner, gloves, face shield, protection-gear, baseball or softball bat, racket (racquet), protective gloves (mitt), hockey stick or other article of movable relevant article such as the helmet, headwear (headgear), the helmet on.This article can be equipped with indicator, and its enhancing or weakening perhaps strengthen the perception to one or more selected motions or action to the perception of specific activities, and weaken the perception to one or more other motions or action.Indicator can be applicable to other article for example automobile, truck, aircraft, bicycle, ships and light boats, skateboard, ball, ice hockey or other article, and wherein the perception and the prediction of observed or prediction of the variation of action or possible motion or the wherein variation that maybe may move of action are reduced.
With reference to Figure 1A, provide near the soccer uniform 100 that the waistband 103 of uniform shorts 104, has visual detector 102.Sport shirt 106 is configured to provide the vision of indicator 102 to extend to participant's the upper part of the body, and shown in Figure 1A, sport shirt comes down to match or otherwise corresponding solid color, tone (shade) or pattern with activity indicator 102.Indicator 102 often confuses the visual attempts of accurate location waist or body dimension, and reduces the efficient of predicting the attempt of possible subsequently action based on waist location or vertical midline of body position or hip angle.Indicator 102 can be painted by the suitable part that for example makes uniform shorts 102, deepening, formation pattern or form ad hoc structure and define.Indicator limit can change with seam, quality, the application of the facing (tile) of stamp (printing) or other material or pattern partitioning portion is relevant.Uniform 100 front and back can similarly dispose, but with the back different indicators can be set in front, and shown in Figure 1A, except indicator 102, and also can be, front or back be provided with additional indicator in the side.Usually, the outward appearance of team uniform is very important to team and sportsman, and uniform 100 can be designed to visually pleasing and can the person's of letting on satisfaction.Although be provided with indicator 102, uniform 100 also can comprise traditional team badge or other traditional characteristic.
With reference to Figure 1B, uniform 120 comprises indicator 122, and it has 124,126 parts that belong to sport shirt 128 and 130,132 parts that belong to pants 134.Figure 1B has only showed front view, and indicator can be configured to extend to the back of uniform, and perhaps the back can be equipped with other indicator, perhaps only decorates with team colors, badge, player number or other such feature.Sport shirt 128 and pants 134 can be decorated similarly, perhaps can be furnished with different auxiliary pointers.Though the indicator of Figure 1B is defined in the part of sport shirt and pants, in other example, similar indicator is applied on pants or the sport shirt.In such example, different indicators can be provided on pants and the sport shirt, and the vision that perhaps identical indicator can be used for producing different axis or orientation misestimates.Shown in Figure 1B, to compare with the uniform left-hand side, the uniform right-hand side is dark relatively, and the vision of the others in center line position, hip angle or wearer orientation is estimated and may be compromised or obscure.
Fig. 1 C has showed the uniform 140 that comprises indicator 142, and indicator 142 comprises the part 144,146 that is defined on sport shirt 148 and the pants 150 respectively.Indicator 142 be positioned at the waistband of pants 150 and sport shirt 150 corresponding the latter half around.The part 144,146 of indicator 142 comprises corresponding broken edge 152,154.In other example, can be more or be less irregular in the edge.
Fig. 1 D has showed other exemplary motion uniform 160.Pants 164 and sport shirt 166 comprise the appropriate section 168,170 and 172,174 of activity indicator 176.Indicator for displaying is the several dark zone that is positioned on the bright background, but also can be set to the bright zone on the dark background.Point out that as top this indicator can be defined as dark areas and bright area, color, quality, pattern, reflection reach the combination of not reflecting facing, perhaps defines in addition.Indicator also can be defined as dark relatively zone on the bright background or the bright relatively zone on the dark background, and can be set to prediction or anti-predictive indicator.
Fig. 2 A-2D has illustrated the typical structure of covering up player hip angle and presenting obvious hip angle.With reference to figure 2A, uniform comprises the figure 202,204 that does not overlap, and it is positioned at or approaches player waist.The dark background of coat-sleeve is provided with pattern 206 a little, and the bright background of another coat-sleeve is provided with similar pattern 208.Can uniform shorts be provided with other figure 210,212,214,216.With reference to figure 2B, actual hip angle 220 and apparent hip angle 222 have been showed.With reference to figure 2C, uniform comprises the figure with pattern edge 224, and edge 224 tilts with vertical direction angled 225, and extends to player waist from sport shirt 226, as what wear.Pattern edge 224 also may extend on the pants 228.This pattern edge 224 often reduces the observability of actual hip angle.In the another one example that Fig. 2 D shows, mesh (mesh) 230 is provided with the edge 232 of inclination, and also covers up hip angle usually, and apparent hip angle also is provided.
With reference to figure 3A, sports uniform 300 comprises sport shirt 302 and pants 304, and it has pattern part 306,308,310 and 312,314,316 respectively, has constituted the activity indicator with sport shirt part and pants part.Pattern part is shown as the circle of different size, but can dispose in addition, makes that for example pattern part 306 seems bigger than pattern part 308 and 310.Pattern part 306,308 can be relevant with the area of the pattern of color, quality or other shape such as strip, square, rectangle, triangle or other shape with 310.Pattern part 312,314 and 316 can arrange similarly, and have in some instances with sport shirt 302 on the identical size of corresponding pattern part.
Showed the sports uniform 350 with indicator among Fig. 3 B, this indicator is similar to the indicator among Fig. 3 A.Sports uniform 350 comprises sport shirt 352 and pants 354, and it has pattern part 358,360,362 and 364,366 respectively, has constituted the motion indicator with sport shirt part and pants part.Opposite with Fig. 3 A, to be worn and wearer when substantially vertically standing when uniform, these pattern parts tilt with respect to vertical axis.As described, pattern part can extend to sport shirt 352, pants 354 or both back side continuously, and perhaps different indicator (or no one) can be applicable to the back of sport shirt or pants.Pattern part 362,364 and 366 can be arranged similarly, and have in some instances with sport shirt 352 on the identical size of corresponding pattern part.
Indicator is selected and is confirmed
Though indicator can need not to confirm under the situation of its efficient selected, the applicability of any particular indicators of available evaluated in various ways.For example, in selection and affirmation, can use and block test, wherein, stop the part of athletes ' body from the visual field of one or more tested objects sports applications.Fig. 4 A-4D has shown the typical barrier structure that is applied to the football player.In response to occlusion configuration, require one or more tested objects with control stick (joystick), mouse or the possible subsequently direction of motion of other indicating device indication sportsman.Alternatively, test subject eye moves can observed and/or record, and is used to estimate the motion by the tested object prediction.One to one or the group event situation can be designed to still image or motion sequence, and can indicate tested object as shown in the member of arbitrary team react.Be used to strengthen or the situation of disturbance response for dynamic visual indicator wherein, the situation that perhaps wherein such indicator is omitted can be determined the tested object direction of visual lines.In some instances, the action sequence that blocks can be presented to tested object.But the different piece of shield movement person's health in test, and can select two or more disjunct parts.
Test condition can also present under the background of particular game situation.For example, football player position, orientation and expection move can according to tested object whether player image that will block or that do not block (or action sequence) place its own target or approach its oneself target, approach adversary's target or differently estimated in the midfield.In addition, can notify tested object, shielded image is relevant with teammate or adversary.
In some instances, one or more tested objects can be placed on the touch pad, and tested object moves and observed to the reaction of player motion.Can use the eye of observing and/or writing down to move.Typically, tested object has some or game experience widely in interested special exercise.At test period, tested object prediction can for example try object depth perception, the visual field, visual acuity, color vision and reaction time and estimated together with other tested object perception.In some instances, test subjects stand is on suitable test board, and directly response, as the motion that has participated in planning to use indicator.There is not the tested object of game experience can be selected yet.The response of such tested object can be used to estimate visual cues or be indicated by other vision that experienced participant learns, and can serve training athlete and estimate athletic development.Response also can be about particular game person's experience and measured.For example, with football match in shooting associated action sequence can in experienced goalkeeper and experienced forward, produce different responses.
Although the expression of single player image of blocking is simple especially, in other example, tested object can be arranged in 3 pairs 3 (3v3) or other a plurality of entrants' that may run in play situation in.In 3 pairs 3 tests, can block whole sportsman, maybe can block one or the part of the person of doing more physical exercises more.
Fig. 5 has showed the Typical Disposition of the tested object evaluation that is used for selected indicator.Tested object 500 is positioned at sufficient pad (footpad) as on the representational foot pad 502,504, they and PC etc. interrelate, and the indication of tested object action or position is provided in response to the one or more selected images that block or do not block or action sequence.Visual screen 506 is placed to and shows suitable still image and action sequence.Eye tracker can be provided,, and can provide other excitation, as confused noise noise, sportsman's contact, lighting condition or the like with definite tested object direction of visual lines.Can write down the athletes ' body feature, as the interrelated of heart rate, blood pressure, perspire, body temperature and any and the image that presents or action sequence or get in touch.In response to image or action sequence, but recording reacting time and health location.
Although specific pattern, color etc. show in the example that in the above indicator can be set in a different manner.For example, the pattern that comprises a plurality of parallel strips can be misinterpreted as have be similar to by the sportsman who wears such pattern produce apparent, perhaps can use the rule of identical or different size or the pattern of irregular series of points or other type.Can selector marker so that selected visual impact (visual impact) value to be provided.For example, the big relatively area of the pattern with relative low contrast can have and is similar to the visual impact values that obtains with having the less area of the pattern of higher contrast.Visual impact values can be based on size, color, contrast or other vision parameter.In addition, based on the apparent center of the indicator of for example being seen under the lighting condition of specific activities or general daylight illumination or other illumination, indicator can be associated with optic centre.
Although described several typical examples with reference to team sport, disclosed method and indicator also can be applied to other amusement, commercial, occupation and other activity.Prediction and anti-predictive indicator can be applied to dress ornament or other article.In some instances, one or more predictive indicator and/or anti-predictive indicator be equipped with on the single target.It is restrictive that these examples are not considered to, and we require all authority that comprised by claims.

Claims (25)

1. article, it comprises the dynamic visual indicator of at least one specific activities.
2. article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator.
3. article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described dynamic visual indicator is a predictive indicator.
4. article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described dynamic visual indicator is arranged to set up the apparent axis with respect to corresponding actual axis inclination.
5. article as claimed in claim 1, it further comprises second dynamic visual indicator, wherein, first dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator, and described second dynamic visual indicator is a predictive indicator.
6. article as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described article are team uniform.
7. article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described article are team uniform.
8. article as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described dynamic visual indicator is arranged to cover hip angle.
9. method, it comprises:
Select the dynamic visual indicator of at least one specific activities; And
Use selected described dynamic visual indicator.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it further comprises selected described dynamic visual indicator is applied to sports uniform.
11. method as claimed in claim 9 wherein, is selected described dynamic visual indicator based on measured specific activities to the response of described dynamic visual indicator.
12. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described at least one dynamic visual indicator is a predictive indicator.
13. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described at least one dynamic visual indicator is anti-predictive indicator.
14. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described at least one dynamic visual indicator is relevant with the apparent orientation of target axis.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 wherein, is used described dynamic visual indicator so that the apparent target axis that tilts with respect to corresponding realistic objective axis is provided.
16. method as claimed in claim 9, it further comprises selects and uses second dynamic visual indicator, wherein, described first dynamic visual indicator and described second dynamic visual indicator are respectively as predictive indicator and anti-predictive indicator and selected and use.
17. dress ornament article, it comprises:
Axis, it is associated with the body axes of dressing described article;
First visual detector is wherein defined in the first area;
Second area wherein defines second visual detector, and wherein, described first area and described second area are provided with along described axis and on the opposite side of described axis.
18. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described axis is associated with wearer's waist.
19. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 18, wherein, described first visual detector has in fact than the bigger visual impact values of described second visual detector.
20. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 17, wherein, when being worn, the axis that is defined by the optic centre of the optic centre of described first visual detector and described second visual detector tilts in fact with respect to described body axes.
21. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described axis is associated with vertical body axes, and described first visual detector has in fact than the bigger visual impact values of described second visual detector.
22. dress ornament article, it comprises:
Be arranged on the visual detector of body axes in the position when dressing, described visual detector comprises first edge that tilts in fact with respect to described body axes when being worn.
23. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described first edge comprises a plurality of edge sections of tilting in fact with respect to described body axes when being worn.
24. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described visual detector comprises second edge that tilts in fact with respect to described body axes when being worn.
25. dress ornament article as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described first edge and described second edge comprise a plurality of edge sections of tilting in fact with respect to described body axes when being worn respectively.
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US11/158,296 US20070000007A1 (en) 2005-06-20 2005-06-20 Predictive and counter predictive visual stimuli
PCT/US2006/023630 WO2007001925A2 (en) 2005-06-20 2006-06-16 Apparel with predictive and counter predictive visual indicators

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US10905178B2 (en) 2011-03-03 2021-02-02 Nike, Inc. Sports garments with enhanced visual and/or moisture management properties

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WO2007001925A3 (en) 2007-04-05
EP1919309A2 (en) 2008-05-14

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