CN101272486A - Video transmission control method based on PID control and received frame rate stable model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a video transmission control method basing on PID control and a receiving frame rate stable model, which belongs to the multimedia communication technology field. The method includes: a sender obtains original simulation video data through video signals input by a video source; collected digital video signals are obtained through the video collection; scalable or non-scalable video coding is implemented on the digital video signals and a code flow of the compressed video coding flows are obtained; the rate of the compressed video coding flows is controlled through the feedback signals of a receiver; the controlled code flows are transmitted to the receiver through network; the received code flow is decoded at first by the receiver and then stored in a postpositional memory zone to be displayed. Meanwhile, the current capacity b(t) of the postpositional memory zone is fed back to the sender to be used as the feed back input for controlling the transmission code rate. The method designed by the invention is applied to a real-time wireless video system, thus effectively reducing the buffer delay of the receiver, strengthening the stability of the system and preventing the video buffer from overflowing or underflowing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the multimedia communication technology field, particularly a kind of transmission code rate control method of the wireless video communication based on the PID controller.
Background technology
The entrained amount of information of different carriers is different, and for example literal is a form the most succinct in the various information carriers, and video then is a kind of form of carrying huge amount of information.Continuous development along with electronic technology and computer technology, the effect that video plays in the process of information interaction is increasing, and along with the progress of network technology especially radio network technique, the application of video information is also developed to the Network Transmission direction by initial this locality storage gradually, and wherein, the wireless transmission of real-time video and playback are for the highest application of Internet video specification requirement.Real-time is emphasized in this application, and promptly the video data of transmitting terminal is real-time capturing and coding, thus require transmission rate to equate with capturing and coding speed, otherwise can cause the transmitting terminal data stacking even overflow collapse.
The wireless internet network that generally is used at present message transmission is a kind of doing one's best (best effort) network, itself is not any network application bandwidth reserved, can not guarantee the required key factor of considering in the real-time video transmission process such as real-time, fluctuation.Especially for wireless network links, itself exist time-delay bigger, limited bandwidth, and network condition instability, unfavorable factor that shake is bigger, the transmission of unfavorable more real time video signals thereon.In order to realize using based on the high-quality real-time video transmission of wireless network, must satisfy the constant condition of playback time delay, then must take certain control strategy that transmission code rate is carried out the real-time and dynamic adjustment according to current network conditions.
Proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller is general also the most ripe most widely used effective a kind of control mode in modern times control field.The PID controller is based on the feedback signal of closed-loop system, and all or part of in these three kinds of controlling units of proportion of utilization, integration and differential controlled system, has simple for structure, the characteristics simple and the control excellent of adjusting.But PID control also has its limitation, controlled system be non-linear, the time become or the situation of coupling under the control effect can descend, even lost efficacy.Strictly speaking, the actual physics system can not be a linear time invariant system completely, but within the specific limits, and by reasonably approximate and simplify, particular system often can be similar to regards the character with linear time invariant as.First and last, though PID has some limitations in the use, often has best effect in actual applications.
Present existing network video transmission method often carries out based on rate distortion (R-D) Optimization Model, and the characteristics of this model are the videos with the transmission code rate transmission first water of minimum.Utilize the video transmission method of this modelling,, still do not consider accurate control for each moment code stream or frame per second often with the target that rises to of video gross mass.And in some applications, to the exigent occasion of real-time, the quality of video often is not the primary requirement of user as the live grade in competition field, and the stable and synchronism of video transmission is only most important index.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming the weak point of prior art, a kind of method for controlling video transmission based on PID control and received frame rate stable model is proposed, the real-time video transmission of this method in the wireless video transmission field, can satisfy the real-time of video transmission, promptly keep a constant playback time-delay, prevent that the time-delay increase from causing real-time to descend.Improving simultaneously video on this basis as much as possible rebuilds and playback quality.
A kind of method for controlling video transmission based on PID control and received frame rate stable model that the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
1) at first the vision signal of transmitting terminal by video source input obtains original analog video data;
2) digital video signal after transmitting terminal obtains gathering by video acquisition;
3) transmitting terminal carries out scalable or non-telescoping video coding to digital video signal, the video coding code stream after obtaining compressing;
4) transmitting terminal is controlled the video coding stream rate after compressing by the feedback signal of receiving terminal;
5) code stream after transmitting terminal will be controlled is given receiving terminal by Network Transmission;
6) receiving terminal is stored in buffer area then with the decoding earlier of the code stream that receives, waits to be playedly, simultaneously the current capacity b of this buffering area (t) is fed back to the feedback input of transmitting terminal as the transmission code rate control of transmitting terminal.
Characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect
The method for controlling video transmission based on PID control and received frame rate stable model of the present invention's design, regulate strategy and make corresponding improvement by introducing PID, can accurately control the playback time-delay of wireless video system to a certain extent, satisfy the requirement of real-time.Have application under the similar requirement for other, the control method under the present invention has certain reference too.
The effect that the present invention realizes is as follows: the coding of transmitting terminal and transmission frame per second are constant, and receiving terminal video buffer frame number is a set-point, and delay time also can be constant in a fixed value in the playback of system like this; When the true frame number of receiving terminal screen buffer is under given frame number, Network Transmission available bandwidth deficiency is described, the PID control method makes transmitting terminal reduce the video fine granulation according to the feedback dynamic adjustments or abandons some non-important frame to reduce code check, sends frame number thereby increase; When the true frame number of receiving terminal screen buffer is on given frame number, illustrate that network condition is good, then the PID control method makes transmitting terminal increase video resolution to increase code check according to the feedback dynamic adjustments, sends frame number thereby reduce.Under above two kinds of situations, by the dynamic adjustments of PID adjuster, can make the stable set-point that is tending towards of buffering frame number of receiving terminal, thereby realize the constant delay of real-time video transmission, prevent transmitting terminal video data overflow or underflow.
Control method of the present invention has strong robustness, and it is strong to change adaptability at the network bandwidth, and structure brief introduction and realization are easy to advantage.Especially when using at real-time video transmission, effectively control of video playback time-delay is a steady state value, the real-time and the stability of the operation of assurance system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic flow sheet of control method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a code stream control method embodiment detail flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the composition structure of a GOP (image sets) of an example video code stream.
Embodiment
The code stream control method of the present invention's design, overview flow chart may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 1;
1) at first the vision signal of transmitting terminal by video source input obtains original analog video data;
2) digital video signal after transmitting terminal obtains gathering by video acquisition;
3) transmitting terminal carries out scalable or non-telescoping video coding to digital video signal, the video coding code stream after obtaining compressing;
4) transmitting terminal is controlled the video coding stream rate after compressing by the feedback signal of receiving terminal;
5) code stream after transmitting terminal will be controlled is given receiving terminal by Network Transmission;
6) receiving terminal is stored in buffer area then with the decoding earlier of the code stream that receives, waits to be playedly, simultaneously the current capacity b of this buffering area (t) is fed back to the feedback input of transmitting terminal as the transmission code rate control of transmitting terminal.
The specific implementation method of the transmission code rate control above-mentioned steps 4) as shown in Figure 2, may further comprise the steps:
41) difference e (t) of true buffer memory capacity b (t) under the receiving terminal current time t of the transmitting terminal receiving terminal buffer area capacity b ' that at first calculates setting and feedback, if e (t) is during less than the responsive thresholding E of a setting, then e (t) is placed 0 (this sensitivity thresholding E be one greater than zero positive integer, generally can be set at 1～10 frame video image), utilize e (t) to calculate the transmission code check r (t) of current time t the best, the computational methods of r (t) are as follows:
At first utilize PID control fundamental formular to calculate an intermediate controlled variable Δ u (t):
Δ u (t) is an intermediate variable in the computational process in the above-mentioned formula, parameter K
P, T
0, T
i, T
dBe the PID controller parameter, being adjusted by the real system situation obtains;
42) the best of utilizing intermediate variable Δ u (t) to calculate current time t sends code check r (t):
r(t)＝r(t-1)×(1-Δu(t))
43), progressively the code check of the video code flow of input is adjusted to r (t) according to the current best code check r (t) of transmission that obtains; Concrete adjustment is as follows:
(1) if the scalable video encoding code stream at first adopts the highest fine granulation (Granularity) of code stream, obtains the code stream of maximal rate, judge that simultaneously whether its code check is smaller or equal to r (t), if then send this code stream;
If this code check greater than r (t), then judges whether to reduce fine granulation; If then reduce fine granulation, and rejudge code check whether smaller or equal to r (t), if then send this code stream;
If can't continue to make this code check smaller or equal to r (t), then judge whether to exist the B frame by reducing fine granulation; If exist, then among GOP (image sets) according to from after forward order abandon the B frame one by one, make this code check smaller or equal to this code stream of r (t) back transmission;
If there is no B frame, or can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the B frame then judges whether to have the P frame, if there is the P frame, then in this GOP according to from after forward order abandon the P frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back;
If there is no P frame, or still can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the P frame, send to network with current bit stream data bag this moment;
(2) if non-telescoping video coding code stream then judges whether to exist the B frame; If exist, then in this GOP according to from after forward order abandon the B frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back; If there is no B frame, or can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the B frame then judges whether to have the P frame, if there is the P frame, then in this GOP according to from after forward order abandon the P frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back;
If there is no P frame, or still can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the P frame, this moment, the bit stream data bag with current code check sent to network.
Method of the present invention further specifies as follows in conjunction with the embodiments:
Shown in Figure 3 is a GOP in the video code flow after the actual coding, and it comprises the I frame, the frame of video of P frame and 3 kinds of structures of B frame, and it puts in order and as shown is IBBPBBP.This code stream is obtained by the scalable video coding method coding.
Be the video code rate control method that example explanation the present invention realizes with above-mentioned code stream now, detailed process is as follows:
1) transmitting terminal obtains original analog video data by the vision signal of video source input;
2) digital video signal after transmitting terminal obtains gathering by video acquisition;
3) transmitting terminal carries out scalable video encoding to digital video signal, the video coding code stream after obtaining compressing, wherein the structure of each GOP as shown in Figure 3, the whole video code stream is made up of some these GOP;
4) transmitting terminal is controlled the video coding stream rate after compressing by the feedback signal of receiving terminal, and detailed process is as follows:
41) transmitting terminal of present embodiment receives true buffer memory capacity b (t)=40 frame under the receiving terminal current time t, and receiving terminal buffer area capacity b '=50 frames of setting, their difference e (t)=50-40=10 frame.The value that present embodiment is established responsive thresholding E is 5, and e (t)＞E then is so e (t) declines 0.
Bring e (t)=10 into following formula and obtain Δ u (t):
Present embodiment setting parameter K
P=0.04, T
0=0.01, T
i=1.0, T
d=0.0002, the data that t-1 and t-2 write down constantly are respectively e (t-1)=8, e (t-2)=7, the Δ u (t)=0.2 that calculates.
42) the best of utilizing intermediate variable Δ u (t) to calculate current time t sends code check r (t), transmission code check r (the t-1)=100kbps in the present embodiment during a last moment t-1, and then the transmission code check of current time is:
r(t)＝r(t-1)×(1-Δu(t))＝100×(1-0.2)＝80kbps
43), progressively the code check of the video code flow of input is adjusted to r (t) according to the current best code check r (t) that obtains; Concrete adjustment is as follows:
(1) because code stream scalable video encoding code stream so at first adopt the highest fine granulation of code stream, obtains the code stream of maximal rate.This moment, code check equaled 150kbps, sent code check r (t) greater than the best, then constantly reduced fine granulation;
When the minimum fine granulation that is reduced to permission, and this moment, code stream was that 120kbps still sends code check r (t) greater than the best, and then as shown in Figure 3, backward abandons the B frame since a GOP, and the order that abandons is B frame 4, B frame 3, B frame 2, B frame 1;
When 4 B frames all are dropped, and this moment, code check was that 100kbps still sends code check r (t) greater than the best, and then as shown in Figure 3, backward abandons the P frame since a GOP, and abandoning order is P frame 2, P frame 1;
After abandoning P frame 2, this moment, code check was 75kpbs, sent code check r (t)=80kbps less than the best, and then the code check adjustment finishes.The actual code stream that is ready for sending comprises I frame and P frame 1;
5) code stream after transmitting terminal will be controlled is given receiving terminal by Network Transmission;
6) receiving terminal is stored in buffer area then with the decoding earlier of the code stream that receives, waits to be playedly, simultaneously the current capacity b of this buffering area (t) is fed back to the feedback input of transmitting terminal as the transmission code rate control of transmitting terminal.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method for controlling video transmission based on PID control and received frame rate stable model is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) at first the vision signal of transmitting terminal by video source input obtains original analog video data;
2) digital video signal after transmitting terminal obtains gathering by video acquisition;
3) transmitting terminal carries out scalable or non-telescoping video coding to digital video signal, the video coding code stream after obtaining compressing;
4) transmitting terminal is controlled the video coding stream rate after compressing by the feedback signal of receiving terminal;
5) code stream after transmitting terminal will be controlled is given receiving terminal by Network Transmission;
6) receiving terminal is stored in buffer area then with the decoding earlier of the code stream that receives, waits to be playedly, simultaneously the current capacity b of this buffering area (t) is fed back to the feedback input of transmitting terminal as the transmission code rate control of transmitting terminal.
2, described method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the specific implementation method of the transmission code rate control in the described step 4) may further comprise the steps:
41) difference e (t) of true buffer memory capacity b (t) under the receiving terminal current time t of the transmitting terminal receiving terminal buffer area capacity b ' that at first calculates setting and feedback, if e (t) is during less than the responsive thresholding E of a setting, then e (t) is placed 0, this sensitivity thresholding E be one greater than zero positive integer, utilize e (t) to calculate the transmission code check r (t) of current time t the best, the computational methods of this r (t) are as follows:
At first utilize PID control fundamental formular to calculate an intermediate controlled variable Δ u (t):
Δ u (t) is an intermediate variable in the computational process in the above-mentioned formula, parameter K
P, T
0, T
i, T
dBe the PID controller parameter, being adjusted by the real system situation obtains;
42) the best of utilizing intermediate variable Δ u (t) to calculate current time t sends code check r (t):
r(t)＝r(t-1)×(1-Δu(t))
43), progressively the code check of the video code flow of input is adjusted to r (t) according to the current best code check r (t) of transmission that obtains.
3, as method as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that described step 43) according to the current best code check r (t) of transmission that obtains, the concrete adjustment of progressively code check of the video code flow of input being adjusted to r (t) is as follows:
(1) if the scalable video encoding code stream at first adopts the highest fine granulation of code stream, obtains the code stream of maximal rate, judge that simultaneously whether its code check is smaller or equal to r (t), if then send this code stream;
If this code check greater than r (t), then judges whether to reduce fine granulation; If then reduce fine granulation, and rejudge code check whether smaller or equal to r (t), if then send this code stream;
If can't continue to make this code check smaller or equal to r (t), then judge whether to exist the B frame by reducing fine granulation; If exist, then in an image sets according to from after forward order abandon the B frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back;
If there is no B frame, or can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the B frame, then judge whether to have the P frame, if there is the P frame, then in this image sets according to from after forward order abandon the P frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back;
If there is no P frame, or still can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the P frame, send to network with current bit stream data bag this moment;
(2) if non-telescoping video coding code stream then judges whether to exist the B frame; If exist, then in this image sets according to from after forward order abandon the B frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back;
If there is no B frame, or can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the B frame then judges whether to have the P frame, if there is the P frame, then in this GOP according to from after forward order abandon the P frame one by one, make this code check send this code stream smaller or equal to r (t) back;
If there is no P frame, or still can't make this code check smaller or equal to r (t) after abandoning the P frame, this moment, the bit stream data bag with current code check sent to network.
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