CN101271931A - Solar battery - Google Patents
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- CN101271931A CN101271931A CNA2007100896194A CN200710089619A CN101271931A CN 101271931 A CN101271931 A CN 101271931A CN A2007100896194 A CNA2007100896194 A CN A2007100896194A CN 200710089619 A CN200710089619 A CN 200710089619A CN 101271931 A CN101271931 A CN 101271931A
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- pyramid
- solar cell
- reflection structure
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- partial reflection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar cell used for converting luminous energy of incident light into electric power, which is characterized in that the solar cell comprises a photoelectric conversion noumenon, at least a first electrode and a second electrode; the photoelectric conversion noumenon comprises a first surface for receiving the incident light, a second surface which is opposite to the first surface and at least a partial reflection structure located on the first surface; partial visible light of the incident light is reflected by the partial reflection structure, the other part of the incident light is converted into electric power after going through the first surface; the first electrode is arranged on the first surface, and the second electrode is arranged on the second surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar cell, particularly relate to the solar cell on a kind of non-black surface.
Background technology
Existing solar cell be in order effectively to utilize incident light, can make whole incident lights can both pass the surface of solar cell as far as possible, therefore, almost do not have the visible light can be from the surface reflection of solar cell, so its surface can present black.When then solar cell being arranged at roof or other device, the view of being seen can be a slice black, visually dull and not attractive in appearance, and with regard to space utilization, the space that is provided with solar cell is except merely putting for solar cell, and difficult have additional function or do other utilization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the solar cell on a kind of non-black surface.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of solar cell of coloured surface.
So solar cell of the present invention is used for the transform light energy of incident light is become electric energy, it is characterized in that: this solar cell comprises an opto-electronic conversion body, at least one first electrode and one second electrode.
The opto-electronic conversion body comprises that one receives first, of this incident light in contrast to this first second and at least one this partial reflection structure of first that is positioned at, part visible light in this incident light is by this partial reflection structure reflection, and the another part in this incident light is converted into electric energy after passing this first.First electrode is located at this first, and second electrode then is located at this second.
Partial reflection structure of the present invention can be most the pyramid pyramids that are equidistant arrangement, and the spacing on the top of adjacent in twos pyramid pyramid is one times to three times of visible wavelength one of them.Therefore, the partial reflection structure is that periodic structure forms a diffraction grating (diffraction grating), by grating formula (gratingequation): a (sin θ
m-sin θ
i(a equals the spacing (pitch) on the top of adjacent in twos pyramid pyramid to)=m λ, and λ equals lambda1-wavelength, θ
iEqual the incidence angle of incident light, θ
mEqual the diffraction angle of incident light, m is exponent number (order)) can learn, when a equals one times to three times of visible wavelength one of them and m and equals nonzero integer, part visible light in the incident light can be by partial reflection structure diffraction, and just the visible light of different colours can (be θ in grating formula with different angles of reflection from first reflection
m) reflect, so can see different colors when seeing solar cell surperficial from different visual angles.
Partial reflection structure of the present invention also can be at least one layer film.Film can make the visible light reflection of a certain section, so the surface of solar cell also has the color of non-black.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: first face of opto-electronic conversion body is provided with the partial reflection structure, make that some visible light is reflected by the partial reflection structure in the incident light that incides first, then the surface of solar cell can present black color in addition, and the variable surface that dissolves colour, and then can arrange out colored pattern.And periodic structure or film all can utilize the processing procedure formation with existing processing procedure compatibility.
Therefore, if the surface energy of solar cell has the color beyond the black, or even multicoloured pattern, just can be used to decorate building or the object that is provided with for solar cell, even the multicolour pattern on the surface of solar cell can be used for uses such as advertisement plate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view, and first preferred embodiment of solar cell of the present invention is described.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view, and the partial reflection structure that this first preferred embodiment is described also can be to be the projection that cuts half egg type by most to be constituted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view, and the partial reflection structure that this first preferred embodiment is described also can be a honey comb structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic side view, and the partial reflection structure that this first preferred embodiment is described is a diffraction grating.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view, illustrates that the opto-electronic conversion body of this first preferred embodiment also can comprise first's catoptric arrangement and a second portion catoptric arrangement.
Fig. 6 is a schematic top plan view, illustrates that this first preferred embodiment can show V font and H font on first.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view, illustrates that this first preferred embodiment also can certain bits install the partial reflection structure on first, and this first other position then is provided with anti-reflection structure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic side view, and second preferred embodiment of solar cell of the present invention is described.
Fig. 9 is a schematic side view, and the 3rd preferred embodiment of solar cell of the present invention is described.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Consult Fig. 1, first preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses a solar cell 200, is used for the transform light energy of incident light is become electric energy and makes color effect.This solar cell 200 comprises an opto-electronic conversion body 2, at least one first electrode 31 and one second electrode 32.
The material of opto-electronic conversion body 2 is one of them of semiconductor and dyestuff, and for example monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon, silicon thin film, GaAs (GaAs) and indium phosphide materials such as (InP) all can so long as can be used as the material of solar cell 200 materials at present.
Opto-electronic conversion body 2 comprises that one receives first 21 of incident light, one in contrast to first 21 second 22 and at least one partial reflection structure 23 that is positioned at first 21, part visible light in the incident light is by 23 reflections of partial reflection structure, and the another part in the incident light is converted into electric energy after passing first 21.First electrode 31 is located at first 21, the second 32 at electrode and is located at second 22.In the present embodiment, solar cell 200 comprises most first electrodes 31 separately, but also can include only one first electrode 31, and the shape of first electrode 31 is not exceeded with the shape among Fig. 1.
In the present embodiment, partial reflection structure 23 is to be equidistant arranged by most pyramid pyramids 24 to be constituted, this matrix can be as small as 1 * most, extremely hundreds of at least greatly * hundreds of, and the spacing (pitch) on the top 241 of each pyramid 24 and the top 241 of adjacent pyramid 24 be that one of them of one times to three times of visible wavelength is so that partial reflection structure 23 is periodic structure (Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram only, and pyramid pyramid 24 is in fact much smaller than first, second electrode 31,32).In addition, partial reflection structure 23 of the present invention is not limited to be made of pyramid pyramid 24, pyramid pyramid 24 also can be the pyramid of other kind shape, or the projection of other shape, for example most are the projections 24 that cut half egg type " with (see figure 2) that equidistant arranged is constituted; and partial reflection structure 23 can be other kind periodic structure also, and the characteristic with " adjacent top (or adjacent bottom) spacing is one of them of one times to three times of visible wavelength " gets final product.The spacing of the central authorities of each honeycomb of for example honey comb structure 24 ' of arranged, and honey comb structure 24 ' and the central authorities of adjacent honeycomb will equal one of them (see figure 3) of one times to three times of visible wavelength.
Therefore, partial reflection structure 23 is a diffraction grating (diffraction grating), and as shown in Figure 4, grating formula (grating equation) is a (sin θ
m-sin θ
i=m λ, a equal the spacing on the top 241 of adjacent in twos pyramid 24, and λ equals lambda1-wavelength, θ
iEqual the incidence angle of incident light, θ
mEqual the diffraction angle of incident light, m is exponent number (order).
Select the reason of spacing in one times to three times scope of visible wavelength to be: if spacing much smaller than visible wavelength (a＜＜λ), then can get m/ (sin θ by grating formula
m-sin θ
i)=a/ λ ≈ 0, so the visible light in the incident light only has the reflection of 0 rank (m=0), just the angle of reflection of all visible lights is equal to incidence angle, incident light be white light (general situation be sunlight) then reverberation also be white light, so on first, can't see colors such as red, orange, yellow, green.If spacing much larger than visible wavelength (a＞＞λ), then can get (sin θ by grating formula
m-sin θ
i)/m=λ/a ≈ 0, thus when m equal a non-zero integer (m=± 1, ± 2, ± 3 ...) and incident light (white light) equal a certain incidence angle (θ
i) time, the diffraction angle (θ of the visible light of different wave length
m) can be considered equal, therefore, the visible light of different wave length almost is to reflect in the same direction and inseparable, so reverberation is still white light, just the surface of solar cell does not still have colors such as red, orange, yellow, green.
But when spacing be not much smaller than or during much larger than visible wavelength, desirable scope is that spacing is one of them of one times to three times of visible wavelength, by grating formula as can be known, equal the integer of a non-zero as m, part visible light in the incident light can be by partial reflection structure 23 diffraction, just the visible light of different colours can and have different angles of reflection (in grating formula, the λ difference is θ then from first 21 reflection
mDifferent), so see that from different visual angles first of solar cell 200 can see different colors at 21 o'clock.For example, equal the incidence angle θ of 500 nanometers (nm) and incident light when spacing
iEqual 30 when spending, the ruddiness of 1 rank diffraction (m=1) (λ=656 nanometers) angle of reflection equals-54.29 degree, and green glow (λ=518.4 nanometers) angle of reflection equals-32.45 degree, and blue light (λ=486 nanometers) angle of reflection equals-28.2 degree.
Consulting Fig. 1, is to be made of most pyramid pyramids 24 with partial reflection structure 23, and the plane that each pyramid 24 top 241 constitutes is considered as top layer, down is near bottom.The highest in the refractive medium of this top layer with air ratio, reduce toward next air ratio, pyramid 24 materials (material of opto-electronic conversion body 2 just) ratio improves, therefore entire portion catoptric arrangement 23 refractive indexes can be considered from top to bottom and change continuously, and in partial reflection structure 23, the refractive index n of a certain layer plane
1Be adjacent the refractive index n of next layer plane
2Can be considered equal (n
1≈ n
2), therefore from the formula R=(n of reflectivity (R)
1-n
2/ n
1+ n
2)
2As can be known, can be considered by the reflectivity of pyramid pyramid 24 formed partial reflection structures 23 and equal zero.That is to say, most incident light all can pass first 21 and be converted into electric energy, only the visible light of some can and make first 21 color that non-black is arranged by 23 reflections of partial reflection structure, thus solar cell of the present invention 200 only can reduce a little with optical efficiency.And, when pyramid pyramid 24 is healed when close, just when the spacing on the top 241 of pyramid pyramid 24 more hour, the from top to bottom variation of the refractive index of partial reflection structure 23 can be healed continuously, so more convergence is zero for the reflectivity of partial reflection structure 23 (R).
Therefore, little then reflectivity is littler because the spacing on the top 241 of pyramid pyramid 24 heals, so can have incident light the more to pass first 21 this moment, and the scope of General Definition visible wavelength is between 400 nanometer to 700 nanometers, so the spacing on the top 241 of adjacent in twos pyramid 24 is first more satisfactory embodiment between between 400 nanometer to 2100 nanometers, this moment, nearly all incident light all passed first 21, but still had the part visible light to be reflected.
And partial reflection structure 23 can form with existing manufacture method, as anisotropic etching, impression, electron beam lithography process methods such as (e-beam lithography).
Furthermore, when partial reflection structure 23 is single, the pyramid pyramid 24 (as Fig. 1) that just has only the arranged of single kind of spacing on this first 21, then this first 21 will present single and non-black color (but this solid color can change because of the visual angle) at a visual angle.When partial reflection structure 23 is most, the pyramid 24 of the arranged of multiple different spacing is just arranged on this first 21, then this first 21 can present many colors at a visual angle.For instance, see also Fig. 5, opto-electronic conversion body 2 comprises first's catoptric arrangement 23 1 and a second portion catoptric arrangement 232, the spacing on the top 241 of the adjacent in twos pyramid 24 of first's catoptric arrangement 231 is bigger, and the spacing on the top 241 of the adjacent in twos pyramid 24 of second portion catoptric arrangement 232 is less, then see from same visual angle first of solar cell 200 21 o'clock, by first, second portion catoptric arrangement 231, the visible wavelength difference of 232 reflections, so can see on first 21 that there is different colors in two zones, therefore, can on first 21, arrange out colored pattern or literal, similarly be on first 21 ', to see V font 211 and H font 212 as illustrated in fig. 6, and both color differences, first 21 ' other parts then present black.In the present embodiment, the, pyramid 24 size and shapes of second portion catoptric arrangement 231,232 are all identical, but not as limit, the size and shape of pyramid 24 also can be different.
Again for instance, the use of present embodiment also can be as illustrated in fig. 7 on first 21 certain bits install partial reflection structure 23 (being six equally spaced pyramid pyramids 24 in the drawings), this first 21 other position then is provided with the anti-reflection structure 55 (other pyramid pyramid 25 of equidistantly arranging among the figure) that can supply incident light to pass, so-called anti-reflection structure 55 is made of most the pyramid pyramids 25 of arranged spacing less than visible wavelength, the spacing on the top 251 of just adjacent in twos pyramid pyramid 25 is less than visible wavelength, then the color of seeing at anti-reflection structure 55 places is a black, if partial reflection structure 23 is line style and then can sees a coloured line, therefore, can see on first 21 that black matrix mixes the pattern of a multi-color cord.
Consult Fig. 8, the different parts that are solar cell 200 ' the partial reflection structure 63 of present embodiment of second preferred embodiment of the present invention and this first preferred embodiment, the partial reflection structure 63 of present embodiment is made of at least one layer film 66 that is positioned at first 61, the material of film 66 can be used general optical thin film material commonly used, for example silicon dioxide (SiO
2), SiN
x, SiO
xN
y, titanium dioxide (TiO
2), alundum (Al (Al
2O
3), magnesium fluoride (MgF
2), zinc selenide (ZnSe), class bore carbon (Diamond-like carbon, DLC), hafnium oxide (HfO
2) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO
2) one of them.This film 66 can make the visible light reflection of a certain section, so can see the color that non-black is arranged on first 61, when the visual angle changed, the color of being seen only had difference slightly.
In the present embodiment, partial reflection structure 63 is to be made of two layers of overlapping up and down and film 66 that material is different, limits the scope of reverberation wavelength whereby, and when film 66 the more during layer, common may command makes wave-length coverage littler.The thickness of each layer film 66 is even, when the thickness proportion of 66 of each layer films changes, will be changed by the visible wavelength of partial reflection structure 63 reflections.Present embodiment is to form partial reflection structures 63 with the film 66 that one deck class is bored the film 66 of carbon material and one deck porous silicon (porous Si) material to illustrate, and bore the thickness of the film 66 of carbon material by the control class, make the incident light of wavelength between 450 nanometers and 650 nanometers by 63 reflections of partial reflection structure, first 61 can present green whereby.In addition, present embodiment can one deck silicon nitride film 66 be an example with layer of silicon dioxide film 66 also, thickness is the top that the silica membrane 66 of 50 nanometers is positioned at the silicon nitride film 66 of thickness 85 nanometers, the reflected wavelength range of then partial reflection structure 63 can make between 420 nanometers and 500 nanometers, and makes first 61 to present blue-green.
And if first 61 pattern that will have black matrix to mix a coloured line can make the in uneven thickness of film 66 into so that the reflection wavelength difference at the different-thickness place of partial reflection structure 63.
Consult Fig. 9, the solar cell 200 of the 3rd preferred embodiment of the present invention " partial reflection structure 73 mainly be to be provided with at least one layer film 76 and to constitute by equidistantly being formed at first 71 most pyramid pyramids 74 and the 74 surface platings of pyramid pyramid; the spacing on the top 741 of adjacent in twos pyramid 74 is one of them of one times to three times of visible wavelength, so that this partial reflection structure 73 is a periodic structure.Therefore, material and thickness by control film 76 can be reflected the visible light that has only particular range of wavelengths, are aided with control pyramid 74 spacings to present the visible light of specific wavelength, the effect that the control of double condition can make reflection and is more accurately controlled color to be presented better.Identical with first preferred embodiment is that the pyramid pyramid 74 of present embodiment also can be the pyramid of other kind shape, or the projection of other shape.
Conclude above-mentioned, solar cell 200,200 ', 200 of the present invention " by partial reflection structure 23,231,232,63,73 is set on first 21,61,71 of opto-electronic conversion body 2; partial reflection structure 23,231,232,63,73 can be periodic structure or film 66,76; so that incide first 21,61, in 71 the incident light some visible light by 23,231,232,63,73 reflections of partial reflection structure; therefore, first 21,61,71 color that can present beyond the black.Can make solar cell 200,200 ', 200 if 23,231,232,63,73 on the partial reflection structure of most reflection different visible light is set " coloured surface, and then can arrange out colored pattern.And periodic structure or film 66,76 all can utilize the processing procedure formation with existing processing procedure compatibility, so can reach purpose of the present invention really.
Claims (16)
1. a solar cell is used for the transform light energy of incident light is become electric energy, and it is characterized in that: this solar cell comprises:
An opto-electronic conversion body, first, one that comprises this incident light of reception in contrast to this first second and at least one this partial reflection structure of first that is positioned at, part visible light in this incident light is by this partial reflection structure reflection, and the another part in this incident light is converted into electric energy after passing this first;
At least one first electrode is located at this first; And
One second electrode is located at this second.
2. solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this partial reflection structure is most the projections that are equidistant arrangement, and the spacing of adjacent in twos described projection is one times to three times of visible wavelength one of them.
3. solar cell as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: each projection is a pyramid, and the spacing on the top of adjacent in twos described pyramid is one times to three times of visible wavelength one of them.
4. solar cell as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: each projection is a pyramid pyramid.
5. solar cell as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the spacing on the top of adjacent in twos described pyramid pyramid is between between 400 nanometer to 2100 nanometers.
6. solar cell as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: this opto-electronic conversion body is to comprise first's catoptric arrangement and a second portion catoptric arrangement, and the spacing on the top of the spacing on the top of the adjacent in twos described pyramid pyramid of this first's catoptric arrangement and the adjacent in twos described pyramid pyramid of this second portion catoptric arrangement is unequal.
7. solar cell as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: this opto-electronic conversion body comprises that also is positioned at this anti-reflection structure of first, this anti-reflection structure is most the pyramid pyramids that are equidistant arrangement, and the spacing on the top of the described pyramid pyramid of adjacent in twos this anti-reflection structure of formation is less than visible wavelength.
8. solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this partial reflection structure is a honey comb structure, and the spacing of the central authorities of each honeycomb of this honey comb structure and the central authorities of adjacent honeycomb is one of them of one times to three times of visible wavelength.
9. solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this partial reflection structure is at least one layer film.
10. solar cell as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: this partial reflection structure is the film that most layers are overlapping up and down and material is different.
11. solar cell as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: this film in uneven thickness so that the reflection wavelength difference at the different-thickness place of this partial reflection structure.
12. solar cell as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the material of this film is silicon dioxide, SiN
x, SiO
xN
y, titanium dioxide, alundum (Al, magnesium fluoride, zinc selenide, class bores one of them of carbon, hafnium oxide and zirconium dioxide.
13. solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this partial reflection structure be most equidistantly be formed at this projection of first and at least one deck be located at the film of described lug surface, the spacing of adjacent in twos described projection is one of them of one times to three times of visible wavelength.
14. solar cell as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: each projection is a pyramid, and the spacing on the top of adjacent in twos described pyramid is one times to three times of visible wavelength one of them.
15. solar cell as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: each projection is a pyramid pyramid.
16. solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of this opto-electronic conversion body is one of them of semiconductor and dyestuff.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100896194A CN100568538C (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Solar cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100896194A CN100568538C (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Solar cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101271931A true CN101271931A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
| CN100568538C CN100568538C (en) | 2009-12-09 |
Family
ID=40005725
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100896194A Expired - Fee Related CN100568538C (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Solar cell |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101807628A (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-08-18 | 日强光伏科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing front side grid line electrode of solar battery |
| CN102479825A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Solar cell and method for manufacturing same |
| CN103154319A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-06-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | Anti-reflective articles with nanosilica-based coatings and barrier layer |
| CN104465821A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-03-25 | 胡明建 | Designing method of conical isometric matrix arrangement solar panel |
| WO2019237620A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | 汉能移动能源控股集团有限公司 | Solar cell and manufacturing method therefor, and solar cell assembly |
-
2007
- 2007-03-20 CN CNB2007100896194A patent/CN100568538C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101807628A (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-08-18 | 日强光伏科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing front side grid line electrode of solar battery |
| CN103154319A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-06-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | Anti-reflective articles with nanosilica-based coatings and barrier layer |
| US9285584B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2016-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Anti-reflective articles with nanosilica-based coatings and barrier layer |
| CN103154319B (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2016-08-10 | 3M创新有限公司 | There is coating based on nano silicon and the antireflective article on barrier layer |
| CN102479825A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Solar cell and method for manufacturing same |
| CN104465821A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-03-25 | 胡明建 | Designing method of conical isometric matrix arrangement solar panel |
| CN104465821B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-11-24 | 胡明建 | A kind of design method of conical isometric matrix arranged solar plate |
| WO2019237620A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | 汉能移动能源控股集团有限公司 | Solar cell and manufacturing method therefor, and solar cell assembly |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100568538C (en) | 2009-12-09 |
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Granted publication date: 20091209 Termination date: 20160320 |