CN101267115A - Control method of transformer station voltage for realizing comprehensive coordination of continuous device and discrete device - Google Patents
Control method of transformer station voltage for realizing comprehensive coordination of continuous device and discrete device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101267115A CN101267115A CNA2008100558826A CN200810055882A CN101267115A CN 101267115 A CN101267115 A CN 101267115A CN A2008100558826 A CNA2008100558826 A CN A2008100558826A CN 200810055882 A CN200810055882 A CN 200810055882A CN 101267115 A CN101267115 A CN 101267115A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a substation voltage control method of realizing comprehensive coordination of continuous equipment and discrete equipment, belonging to power system automatic voltage control technical field. The method includes following steps: collecting the real-time operation data of the substation to be controlled when the control cycle starts; judging each collecting variable based on the preestablished expert rules, calculating the tap joint gear position control variable of the regulating transformer or determining adjustment reactive-load compensation equipment; if is a adjustment reactive-load compensation equipment, the needed reactive-load adjusting variable delta Q<SUB>g</SUB> is calculated, the delta Q<SUB>g</SUB> processes reactive distribution calculation between a synchronous condenser and a capacitor reactance, the reactive set value of the synchronous condenser and the capacitor reactance sequence needed switch are calculated; the state of the transformer equipment is adjusted according to the obtained reactive set value and the capacitor reactance sequence needed switch and the tap joint gear position control variable of the transformer, realizing ring closed control. The invention improves ability of network bearing accident disturbance, improving the security of the network.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power system automatism voltage control technical field, particularly transformer station's coordinating voltage control method.
Background technology
Automatism voltage control is (hereinafter to be referred as AVC, Automatic Voltage Control) system realizes the important means of power grid security (raising voltage stability margin), economic (reduction via net loss), high-quality (raising rate of qualified voltage) operation, its basic principle is that the control generator reactive is exerted oneself by coordinating, load tap changer and reactive-load compensation equipment, realizes the reasonable distribution of reactive voltage in the electrical network.
Automatism voltage control towards transformer station is one of key components that realize the whole network automatism voltage control, the major control means comprise that but the tap of capacitor, reactor and on-load tap-changing transformer of switching is (hereinafter to be referred as OLTC, On Load TapChanger), above equipment all belongs to discrete control appliance, can only divide into groups to drop into or the stepping adjusting, can not continuous control, and from whole day, its action frequency has strict restriction.And be positioned at the load-center substation of load center for some, and its control appliance also may comprise synchronous compensator (following abbreviation compensator), compensator belongs to continuous control equipment, not limited by action frequency, and dynamic idle support can be provided.
Transformer station's automatism voltage control based on discrete control appliance, some achievements in research have been arranged both at home and abroad, its main thought is the method according to " nine districts figure " or " expansion nine districts figure ", discrete device such as capacitor, reactor and OLTC are adjusted, shown in Fig. 1 (a), U is the voltage of substation secondary side bus among the figure
Be respectively the power factor of transformer high-voltage side winding and idle with Q,
With
The expression power factor
The lower bound and the upper bound, U
MinAnd U
MaxThe lower bound and the upper bound of expression voltage U,
With
At coordinate system
The last division control area coldest days of the year end (area 0 is to zone 8), wherein area 0 is normal operation area, need not control; At other each control areas, can specify control corresponding equipment action policy, such as one group of electric capacity of switching, perhaps the load tap changer gear is adjusted 1 grade, and target is to make the running status of transformer station enter area 0 by control.When actual motion, according to the current data of substation operation
, can obtain its control area affiliated in figure (a), and further carry out the pairing control strategy in this control area, make the running status of transformer station enter area 0.
In Fig. 1 (a), be near the operating point the zone boundary,, might operate oscillatory occurences as A, B, C and D point.Simultaneously, only adopt
Or the fixing upper lower limit value of Q can not reflect the size and Orientation of reactive power comprehensively.Hu Jinshuan is at " based on the area power grid reactive voltage closed-loop control system of classification coordination " (Tsing-Hua University's Master of engineering paper, 2004) tradition nine district figure from the limit value of subregion splitting scheme, reactive power or power factor and three aspects of control method to Fig. 1 (a) improve, propose improved nine district figure methods such as Fig. 1 (b), be described below:
(1) subregion splitting scheme.At first substitute the power factor of tradition nine district figure with the reactive power Q bound
Bound; Therefore consider that then 2 districts of traditional nine district figure and the action policy in 7 districts, 1 district and 8 districts are duplicate, they are merged into 8 districts and 7 districts in the corresponding diagram 1 (b) respectively; In addition, in order to prevent the capacitor switching concussion, with close U in 3 districts
Max, in 4 districts near U
MinOperating point separate, come individual processing as a zone respectively.Improvement nine districts after renumbeing scheme as above shown in Fig. 1 (b), among the figure, and Δ U
+For throwing the voltage variety that capacitor causes, Δ U
-For cutting the voltage variety that capacitor causes.
(2), dynamically determine the upper lower limit value Q of Q to be asked among the nine district figure according to the real-time power network running status owing to the upper lower limit value of Q among the nine district figure is relevant with the operation of power networks state
MinAnd Q
MaxThen according to Q
MinAnd Q
MaxJudge whether that this cuts the throwing capacitor.
(3) according to the division and the limit value of last Fig. 1 (b) subregion, can determine a kind of control method such as table 1.The basic principle of formulating this control strategy is: the qualified then uncomfortable main transformer tap of voltage; Out-of-limit by the voltage that idle irrational distribution causes, then at first consider switched capacitor.
The improved nine district figure control methods of table 1
In above-mentioned transformer station control procedure, relate to the control Sensitivity calculation.Sun Hongbin, Zhang Baiming, Xiang Niande is at " quasi-stationary sensitivity analysis method " (Proceedings of the CSEE, in April, 1999 V19N4, pp.9-13) proposed the new sensitivity method in, different with the sensitivity analysis method of the static state of routine, the new sensitivity method has been considered the quasi-stationary physical responses of electric power system, take into account the total variation between system's new and old stable state in control front and back, effectively improved the precision of sensitivity analysis.This method when generator is equipped with automatic voltage regulator (AVR), can think that this generator node is the PV node based on the PQ Decoupled Model of electric power system; And when generator is equipped with automatic reactive power and regulates (AQR) or automatic power factor and regulate (APFR), can think the identical PQ of the being node of this generator node with common load bus.In addition, the load voltage static characteristic is considered to node voltage once or conic section.The tide model of being set up just takes in these quasi-stationary physical responses naturally like this, thereby is quasi-stationary sensitivity based on the sensitivity that tide model calculates.Under tide model, establish the PQ node and PV node number is respectively N
PQAnd N
PV, quantity of state x is the voltage magnitude of PQ node
Control variables u=[Q
PQV
PVT
k]
T, wherein
Be the idle injection of PQ node,
Be the voltage magnitude of PV node,
Be transformer voltage ratio, the important variable h=[Q that complys with
bQ
PV]
T, Q wherein
b∈ R
bBe the branch road reactive power flow,
It is the idle injection of PV node.At this moment, idle tide model is arranged:
Q
PQ(V
PQ，V
PV，T
k)＝0(1)
Q
b＝Q
b(V
PQ，V
PV，T
k)(2)
Q
PV＝Q
PV(V
PQ，V
PV，T
k)(3)
Can get the idle class Sensitivity calculation of quasi-stable state formula and see Table 2.
The quasi-stationary idle class sensitivity S of table 2
(x, h) uComputing formula
Wherein
All amounts in the last table can directly be inverted and obtain tide model (the 1)-Jacobian matrix of (3).
Load-center substation for load center, may there be discrete device (electric capacity, reactance, OLTCs) and continuous device (synchronous compensator) simultaneously, the purposes and the characteristics of discrete device and continuous device are widely different, therefore the role who bears in voltage control is also different, and how implementing to coordinate control is a difficult point.Present existing control method of transformer station voltage all is towards discrete device such as capacitor, reactor and OLTC, and do not relate to the situation that there is compensator in transformer station inside, therefore, how to realize that idle distribution of exerting oneself between compensator and capacity reactance device is a problem that is effectively solved as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to remedy the shortcoming that present transformer station automatic voltage control system can only be considered discrete device such as electric capacity, reactance, OLTC, a kind of control method of transformer station voltage of realizing continuous device and discrete device comprehensive coordination is proposed, in the inner comprehensive coordination control that realizes continuous device (compensator) and discrete device (capacitor, reactor, OLTC) of transformer station; Can make the compensator be in the state of bigger adjusting nargin all the time, improve the ability that electrical network is born the accident disturbance, the fail safe that has improved electrical network with quick and continuous regulating power.
Characteristics of the present invention and effect:
The inventive method has remedied the shortcoming that traditional nine district figure control can not be considered continuous devices such as compensator, the The whole control decision process is divided into two stages, phase I is according to the preliminary definite control device of expert's strategy, second stage is on the basis of sensitivity calculations, principle based on " discrete device is preferentially moved; the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ", with needed idle regulated quantity at continuous device (compensator) and discrete device (electric capacity, reactance) distributes between, make compensator be in the state of bigger adjusting nargin all the time with quick and continuous regulating power, improve electrical network and born the ability of accident disturbance, the fail safe that improved electrical network.Automatic voltage control method of the present invention both can be realized local control in transformer station, also can be used for by dispatch automated system transformer station's reactive voltage being realized distant place control in control centre.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is nine district figure method schematic diagrames of transformer substation voltage control.
Fig. 2 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 simplifies Equivalent Model for the transformer substation voltage control unit.
Embodiment
The control method of transformer station voltage of realization continuous device that the present invention proposes and discrete device comprehensive coordination reaches embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and is described in detail as follows:
The method that the present invention proposes at first forms transformer station to be controlled and simplifies Equivalent Model, and its implementation is: can regard many shunt transformers as 1, the idle Q that is designated as respectively of transformer high-voltage side, medium voltage side and low-pressure side
h, Q
M, Q
l, regard many high voltage bus as 1 high voltage bus, its voltage is designated as V
h, press bus with pressing in many bus to regard as in 1, its voltage is designated as V
l, regard many low-voltage bus bars as 1 low-voltage bus bar, its voltage is designated as V
m, all synchronous compensators and capacity reactance device all inserted among after the merging 1 press on the bus, and the idle stack of exerting oneself of all capacity reactances is obtained Q
c, the idle stack of exerting oneself of all synchronous compensators is obtained Q
g, with all the load all inserts the merging after 1 low-voltage bus bar on, can form the simplification Equivalent Model.
The present invention is divided into two stages with the The whole control method, phase I is according to the preliminary definite control mode of expert's strategy, second stage is on the basis of sensitivity calculations, based on the principle of " discrete device is preferentially moved; the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ", needed idle regulated quantity is distributed between continuous device (compensator) and discrete device (electric capacity, reactance).Its control flow specifically may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 2:
1) when beginning, a control cycle gathers the real-time running data of transformer station to be controlled, V, Q, F, T, wherein Q
gCurrent idle the exerting oneself of expression compensator, Q
cCurrent idle the exerting oneself of expression capacitor (if any reactor, be equivalent to idle exerting oneself and be negative capacitor), the high, normal, basic three side voltage vectors of transformer are expressed as V=[V
h, V
m, V
l]
T, idle vector Q=[Q
h, Q
m, Q
l]
T, power factor vector F=[F
h, F
m, F
l]
TWith transformer parted hair gear vector T=[T
h, T
m, T
l]
T, subscript h wherein, m, l represent high-pressure side, medium voltage side and low-pressure side respectively;
2) based on predefined Expert Rules, each collection capacity V, Q, F, T are judged, calculate and adjust load tap changer gear controlled quentity controlled variable or adjust reactive-load compensation equipment as the control controlling schemes;
3) if step 2) for adjusting reactive-load compensation equipment,, calculate needed idle adjusting total amount Δ Q then according to sensitivity relation
g, and then based on the method for " discrete device is preferentially moved, the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ", should idle adjusting total amount Δ Q
gBetween compensator and capacity reactance, carry out idle Distribution Calculation, obtain the idle set point and the capacity reactance sequence that need carry out switching of compensator;
4) according to the idle set point of the compensator that obtains and capacity reactance sequence and the load tap changer gear controlled quentity controlled variable that needs carry out switching the state of substation equipment is regulated, thereby the reactive voltage that changes transformer station distributes, and realizes closed-loop control;
5) when control cycle arrival next time, return step 1).
Below be one embodiment of the present of invention:
Present embodiment is to carrying out coordinating voltage control method in a 500kV load-center substation, this senior middle school of transformer station low-pressure side electric pressure is respectively 500kV, 220kV, 35kV, 2 transformers connected in parallel operations are arranged, many 500kV bus operations, synchronous compensator and capacity reactance device are installed on many 35kV buses, and load is connected on many 220kV buses.
According to the electric connecting relation of transformer station,, form simplification Equivalent Model as shown in Figure 3 automatically by topology search.When forming the simplification Equivalent Model, can regard 2 shunt transformers as 1, the idle Q that is designated as respectively of transformer high-voltage side, medium voltage side and low-pressure side
h, Q
m, Q
l, regard many 500kV buses as 1 500kV bus, its voltage is designated as V
h, regard many 35kV buses as 1 35kV bus, its voltage is designated as V
l, regard many 220kV buses as 1 220kV bus, its voltage is designated as V
m, all synchronous compensators and capacity reactance device are all inserted on 1 35kV bus after the merging, and the idle stack of exerting oneself of all capacity reactances are obtained Q
c, the idle stack of exerting oneself of all synchronous compensators is obtained Q
g, with all the load all inserts the merging after 1 220kV bus on, can form the simplification Equivalent Model, so that carry out control method of the present invention.
Based on the simplification Equivalent Model that forms, present embodiment carries out coordination voltage control in the transformer station according to following steps.
When step 1) begins at a control cycle, gather the real time data of the real-time running data of transformer station to be controlled, refresh V, Q, F, T according to current up-to-date collection; Q wherein
gCurrent idle the exerting oneself of compensator in the expression Equivalent Model, Q
cCurrent idle the exerting oneself of capacitor in the expression Equivalent Model (if any reactor, be equivalent to idle exerting oneself and be negative capacitor), the high, normal, basic three side voltage vectors of transformer are expressed as V=[V
h, V
m, V
l]
T, idle vector Q=[Q
h, Q
m, Q
l]
T, power factor vector F=[F
h, F
m, F
l]
TWith transformer parted hair gear vector T=[T
h, T
m, T
l]
T, subscript h wherein, m, l represent high-pressure side, medium voltage side and low-pressure side respectively.
Data acquisition can be chosen different implementations according to the application scenarios difference of this method, if be used for controlling automatically in the inner this locality of realizing of transformer station, then data acquisition link realizes based on existing computer monitoring system of transformer substation; If be used for realizing the distant place of transformer station is controlled in control centre, then data acquisition link realizes by the remote measurement and the remote signalling function of automation system for the power network dispatching.
Step 2) based on predefined Expert Rules, each collection capacity V, Q, F, T are judged, calculate and adjust load tap changer gear controlled quentity controlled variable or adjust reactive-load compensation equipment; Wherein reactive-load compensation equipment is the general designation of capacitor, reactor and synchronous compensator;
The Expert Rules that present embodiment is chosen is based on improved nine district figure methods, and the division of control subregion is shown in Fig. 1 (b), but the control method difference that adopts is as shown in table 3:
The Expert Rules that table 3 the present invention adopts
If step 3) is step 2) for adjusting reactive-load compensation equipment,, calculate needed idle adjusting total amount Δ Q then according to sensitivity relation
g, and then based on the method for " discrete device is preferentially moved, the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ", should idle adjusting total amount Δ Q
gBetween compensator and capacity reactance, distribute, obtain the idle set point and the capacity reactance sequence that need carry out switching of compensator; In the present embodiment, step 3) is specifically realized by following two steps:
31) calculation control sensitivity, existing quasi-stable state reactive power sensitivity method for solving is adopted in control sensitivity, obtains Q
g, Q
cSensitivity number to V and Q; According to the sensitivity number of calculating gained, calculate needed idle adjusting total amount Δ Q then
g
32) based on the method for " discrete device is preferentially moved, the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ", with needed idle adjusting total amount Δ Q
gBe assigned in compensator and the capacity reactance, obtain the idle set point and the capacity reactance that need carry out switching of compensator.
The idle adjusting total amount Δ Q that present embodiment is chosen
gThe concrete distribution method of distributing between compensator and capacity reactance is:
(1) if Δ Q
gDuring greater than 0 (explanation this moment needs to increase reactive power compensation), the electric capacity (the reactance capacity of the capacity minimum that maybe can withdraw from) of remembering the current capacity minimum that drops into is Q
i Inc(if do not had electric capacity that can drop into or the reactance that can withdraw from, then order this moment
)
A) if
Then drop into this electric capacity (or withdrawing from this reactance), the idle set point of compensator is simultaneously
B) if
Then the idle set point of compensator is Q
g+ Δ Q
g
(2) if Δ Q
gDuring less than 0 (explanation this moment needs to reduce reactive power compensation), remember that electric capacity (reactance of the capacity minimum that maybe can the drop into) capacity of the current capacity minimum that withdraws from is Q
i Dec(if do not had electric capacity that can withdraw from or the reactance that can drop into, then order this moment
)
A) if
Then withdraw from this electric capacity (or dropping into this reactance), the idle set point of compensator is simultaneously
B) if
Then the idle set point of compensator is Q
g+ Δ Q
gWherein, k is an adjustable parameter, and k=1.0 is generally got in k 〉=0.
In the present embodiment if certain, determines the idle adjusting total amount Δ Q of transformer station's needs constantly according to sensitivity
g=30Mvar, explanation this moment needs to increase reactive power compensation, the idle Q that exerts oneself of current transformer station compensator
g=15Mvar, a capacitance of the capacity minimum that can drop into
Relation is then arranged
(k=1.0) set up.According to above-mentioned idle overall coordination distribution method, then should drop into this capacitor (capacity earlier
), be adjusted to compensator is idle simultaneously
Last result is the reactive power compensation total amount Δ Q that increases newly
gJust be 30Mvar, capacitor has been born most idle exerting oneself simultaneously, and compensator has been born a small amount of idle exerting oneself, make compensator be in the state of bigger adjusting nargin all the time with quick adjustment ability, improve electrical network and born the ability of accident disturbance, improve the fail safe of electrical network, met the distribution method of " discrete device is preferentially moved, the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ".
Step 4) is regulated the state of substation equipment according to the idle set point of the compensator that obtains and capacity reactance sequence and the load tap changer gear controlled quentity controlled variable that needs carry out switching, thereby the reactive voltage that changes transformer station distributes, and realizes closed-loop control;
Step 4) can be chosen different implementations according to the application scenarios difference of this method, if be used for controlling automatically in the inner this locality of realizing of transformer station, then realizes based on existing computer monitoring system of transformer substation; If be used for realizing the distant place of transformer station is controlled in control centre, then remote control and the remote regulating function by automation system for the power network dispatching realizes.
Step 5) is returned step 1) when control cycle arrival next time.
Generally, control cycle is elected 5 minutes as.
In above-mentioned steps, core procedure is a step 3), promptly idle calculating and distribution link.Wherein the idle distribution method and the correlation technique thereof of " discrete device is preferentially moved; the meticulous adjusting of continuous device " of Cai Yonging are crucial innovative points, the enforcement of this method and correlation technique thereof, make compensator be in the state of bigger adjusting nargin all the time with quick and continuous regulating power, improve electrical network and born the ability of accident disturbance, improve the fail safe of electrical network, but satisfied the needs of on-site coordination control.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of control method of transformer station voltage of realizing continuous device and discrete device comprehensive coordination is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
1) when beginning, a control cycle gathers the real-time running data of transformer station to be controlled, V, Q, F, T, wherein Q
gCurrent idle the exerting oneself of expression compensator, Q
cCurrent idle the exerting oneself of expression capacitor, the high, normal, basic three side voltage vectors of transformer are expressed as V=[V
h, V
m, B
l]
T, idle vector Q=[Q
h, Q
m, Q
l]
T, power factor vector F=[F
h, F
m, F
l]
TWith transformer parted hair gear vector T=[T
h, T
m, T
l]
T, subscript h wherein, m, l represent high-pressure side, medium voltage side and low-pressure side respectively;
2) based on predefined Expert Rules, each collection capacity V, Q, F, T are judged, calculate and adjust load tap changer gear controlled quentity controlled variable or determine to adjust reactive-load compensation equipment;
3) if step 2) for adjusting reactive-load compensation equipment,, calculate needed idle adjusting total amount Δ Q then according to sensitivity relation
g, and then based on the method for " discrete device is preferentially moved, the meticulous adjusting of continuous device ", should idle adjusting total amount Δ Q
gBetween compensator and capacity reactance, carry out idle Distribution Calculation, obtain the idle set point and the capacity reactance sequence that need carry out switching of compensator;
4) the capacity reactance sequence and the load tap changer gear controlled quentity controlled variable of carrying out switching according to the idle set point that obtains and needs regulated the state of substation equipment, thereby the reactive voltage that changes transformer station distributes, and realizes closed-loop control;
5) when control cycle arrival next time, return step 1).
2, control method of transformer station voltage as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 2) in Expert Rules adopt improved nine administrative division map rules, as shown in the table:
3, control method of transformer station voltage as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the idle adjusting total amount Δ Q in the described step 3)
gThe concrete distribution method of distributing between compensator and capacity reactance is:
(1) if Δ Q
gGreater than 0, then to increase reactive power compensation, the reactance capacity of establishing the capacity minimum that the electric capacity of the current capacity minimum that drops into maybe can withdraw from is Q
i Inc, if do not had electric capacity that can drop into or the reactance that can withdraw from, then order this moment
A) if
Then drop into this electric capacity or withdraw from this reactance, the idle set point of compensator is Q simultaneously
g+ Δ Q
g-Q
i Inc
B) if
Then the idle set point of compensator is Q
g+ Δ Q
g
(1) if Δ Q
gLess than 0, then to reduce reactive power compensation, the reactance capacity of establishing the capacity minimum that the electric capacity of the current capacity minimum that withdraws from maybe can drop into is Q
i Dec, if do not had electric capacity that can withdraw from or the reactance that can drop into, then order this moment
A) if
Then withdraw from this electric capacity or drop into this reactance, the idle set point of compensator is simultaneously
B) if
Then the idle set point of compensator is Q
g+ Δ Q
g, wherein, k is an adjustable parameter, k 〉=0.
4, control method of transformer station voltage as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the real-time running data of the transformer station that the collection of described step 1) is to be controlled is finished in transformer station inside, utilize computer monitoring system of transformer substation or reactive power device VQC to realize this locality of transformer station's reactive voltage is controlled, or, realize distant place control to transformer station's reactive voltage at grid control centre based on remote measurement, remote signalling, remote control and the remote regulating function of dispatch automated system.
5, control method of transformer station voltage as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the state to substation equipment of described step 4) is adjusted in transformer station inside and finishes, utilize computer monitoring system of transformer substation or reactive power device VQC to realize this locality of transformer station's reactive voltage is controlled, or, realize distant place control to transformer station's reactive voltage at grid control centre based on remote measurement, remote signalling, remote control and the remote regulating function of dispatch automated system.
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