CN101267107B - Method for restraining power grid single-phase short circuit current - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method of inhibiting 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current of 500kV pivotal substation. An electric grid adopting mass autotransformers makes the more 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current of 500kV pivotal substations larger than the three-phase short circuit current, and exceeding the rated breaking ability of the circuit breaker. Considering change the autotransformer to non-autotransformer to reduce the single-phase short circuit current, reducing the grounding branch of the zero-sequence grid essentially. According to the sequence diagrams principle analyse, changing autotransformer to the non-autotransformer in 500 kV substation has a larger impact to the 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current of the 500kV pivotal substation than changing the autotransformer to the non-autotransformer in the 220 kV substation, the practical example also proves the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. The method provides technical support for the limiting the grid single-phase short circuit current, enhancing the credibility of the grid operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that suppresses power grid single-phase short circuit current.Belong to the power transmission and transformation technical field.
Background technology
Along with the quick growth of Jiangsu electricity needs, the scale of electric power system enlarges day by day, and power supply, electrical network be crypto set more, and the short circuit current of electrical network also continues to rise.At 2007～2008 level year the Jiangsu electrical network calculation of short-circuit current show that the 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current of part 500kV load-center substation has surpassed the specified breaking capacity (50kA) of circuit breaker, the three-phase shortcircuit electric current is also near 50kA.When the single-line to ground fault electric current surpassed the rated rupturing capacity of circuit breaker, the electric power of short circuit current and thermal stress can be damaged circuit breaker and relevant device, also can produce the adjacent communication circuit and disturb, and be also influential to the step voltage and the touch voltage of electric substation.Because the probability that single-phase short circuit takes place very high (account for whole short troubles 65%～70%) therefore must be paid attention to, analyze reason, adopt an effective measure and suppressed.
The method that suppresses 500kV load-center substation 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current at present can be divided three classes.
The first kind is to change the bigger switch of connecting-disconnecting function, changing switch can not influence the operation characteristic of electrical network, but because the transformer station that short circuit current exceeds standard is generally the load-center substation, need the number of switches of replacing numerous, and all primary equipments and ground network also need to change, investment is big, and is long in time limit, and makes the electrical network load-center substation be in the abnormal running mode for a long time.
Thereby second class is to suppress the three-phase shortcircuit electric current to play the effect that reduces single-phase short circuit current, this class measure is many, the wherein partition running of 220kV electrical network, 500kV transformer station 220kV exit two lines overlap joint and the 220kV of 500kV transformer station bus section or branch rafting row, all more convenient enforcement in measure, but all belong to the measure of provisional solution short circuit current, and these measures all can impair system electrical link, reduce fail safe, reliability, flexibility and the scale and benefit of operation of power networks.Adopt the high-impedance transformer can reasonable inhibition three-phase and single-phase short circuit current, but it also there be certain influence, the high-impedance transformer of producer design at present simultaneously and manufacturing capacity also to have much room for improvement to system's reactive voltage line loss, stability.Adopting short circuit current limiter (comprising series reactor) also is one of method that suppresses three-phase and single-phase short circuit current, but at present in the world, except series reactor, also be not applied to the short circuit current limiter of extra high voltage system, the question marks of series reactor like and high-impedance transformer, can the reactive voltage line loss and the stability of system be affected.Adopt a higher step voltage or direct current to network back-to-back, invest all very greatly, need very strong motive force, the technical problem that solve is also a lot, needs the long time just can be achieved.
The 3rd class is to suppress the measure of single-phase short circuit current specially, and they are inoperative to the inhibition of three-phase shortcircuit electric current.This class measure mainly is that 500kV autotransformer neutral point installs little reactance additional, it is remarkable to the inhibition effect of 500kV transformer 220kV bus single-line to ground fault electric current and 220kV electrical network regional area single-phase short circuit current, is the method for using more special inhibition single-phase short circuit current in the present electrical network.Shortcoming is to consider the overvoltage and the insulation coordination of system and transformer neutral point, and the relay protection setting of system is also had certain influence.
Summary of the invention
Because the 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current of part 500kV load-center substation has surpassed the specified breaking capacity of circuit breaker, the electric power and thermal stress damage circuit breaker and the auxiliary equipment that cause short circuit current, also the adjacent communication circuit is produced and disturb, also influential to the step voltage and the touch voltage of electric substation.Cause destruction in order to prevent that single-phase short circuit current from exceeding standard, the present invention proposes the method for a kind of 500kV of inhibition load-center substation 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current switch and auxiliary equipment.
The present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:
The method that suppresses power grid single-phase short circuit current, the 500kV/220kV electrical network comprises 500kV load-center substation and a slice 220kV electrical network, the 220kV bus of described 500kV load-center substation is connected on the 220kV bus of each 220kV transformer station by the 220kV outlet, form aforesaid a slice 220kV electrical network, wherein, described 220kV outlet has 6～16 times outlets, it is characterized in that, when the 220kV main transformer of the 500kV main transformer of described 500kV load-center substation and each 220kV transformer station all is autotransformer, by the 500kV main transformer is replaced by non-autotransformer by autotransformer, and described 500kV main transformer has only a transformer grounding, zero sequence equivalent impedance when increasing 500kV load-center substation 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit, thus 500kV load-center substation 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current suppressed.
Computing formula from single-phase short circuit current
(in the formula, Z
1 ∑, Z
2 ∑s, Z
0 ∑---be respectively equivalent positive and negative, the zero sequence impedance of seeing into to mains side from short dot,
---be the equivalent electromotive force of generator positive sequence) as can be seen, suppress single-phase short circuit current, to increase equivalent positive sequence and the zero sequence impedance seen into to mains side from short dot exactly.Increase positive sequence impedance, can not only suppress single-phase short circuit current, can also suppress the three-phase shortcircuit electric current, only can suppress single-phase short circuit current and increase zero sequence impedance.When single-phase short circuit current exceeds standard, the three-phase shortcircuit electric current does not also exceed standard, and single-phase short circuit current surpasses the three-phase shortcircuit electric current more for a long time, so the present invention focuses in the measure of special inhibition single-phase short circuit current.If autotransformer is replaced by non-autotransformer,,, all only need a transformer grounding to get final product in the station still from the angle of overvoltage insulation no matter then require to have the angle of zero sequence path from relaying protection.At this moment, the positive and negative zero sequence impedance of transformer self does not change (short circuit ratio is identical), and just earthing mode variation has taken place, transformer neutral point ground connection decreased number, be that zero sequence net ground connection branch road reduces, the zero sequence impedance of seeing into to mains side from short dot increases so.
Change the 220kV autotransformer so to X
0 ∑Change big, still change the 500kV autotransformer? the present invention has carried out quantitative analysis, and it is more a lot of greatly to the single-phase short circuit current effect that inhibition 500kV hinge becomes the 220kV bus than replacing 220kV autotransformer to find to change the 500kV autotransformer.Numerical results shows: if keep the 500kV main transformer is autotransformer, autotransformer in the 220kV station in the subregion is replaced by non-autotransformer (being to have only a main transformer ground connection in each 220kV station), single-phase short circuit current descends to some extent, but fall is less, approximately 1kA is less for the effect that suppresses single-phase short circuit current; The interior main transformer in 220kV station is an autotransformer in the subregion if keep, changing the 500kV main transformer is non-autotransformer (promptly having only a main transformer ground connection in the station), for suppressing playing a role clearly of single-phase short circuit current, single-phase short circuit current has approximately reduced 4kA.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the zero-sequence network figure of 1 500kV station with 1 220kV electrical network;
Fig. 2 is the geographical winding diagram of sheet in the plum;
Fig. 3 is the geographical winding diagram of Che Fang Wujiang sheet.
Embodiment:
The layering and zoning operation of 500kV/220kV has been realized in the intensive area of electrical network substantially, and the part subregion is 1 500kV station band a slice 220kV electrical network, and the part subregion is 2 500kV station band a slice 220kV electrical networks.Fig. 1 is more typical subregion, i.e. the zero-sequence network figure of 1 500kV station band a slice 220kV electrical network.
(1) the 220kV autotransformer is replaced by non-autotransformer, X
T0/ 2 become X
T0, the A among Fig. 1 partly is separate unit 220kV autotransformer zero sequence impedance X
T0Get the transformer of 120MVA, canonical parameter is U
Hm=9%, U
Hl=31%, U
Ml=21%, be benchmark with 100MVA, calculate high-pressure side impedance X
1=0.079p.u., medium voltage side impedance X
2=-0.004p.u., low-pressure side impedance X
3=0.179p.u..220kV interior two autotransformers of standing, then equivalent zero sequence impedance is X
T0/ 2=0.179p.u. if two all is non-autotransformer, then only needs a main transformer ground connection, so equivalent zero sequence impedance is X
T0=X
h+ X
l=0.258.
(2) the 220kV transformer is connected and is gone up 220kV circuit, the B part among Fig. 1, the i.e. equivalent zero sequence impedance of a 220kV passage.Added up certain 500kV hinge and become the length of 220kV circuit to its adjacent 220kV transformer station, on average about 10km, the circuit model is got LGJ-2*400, and then the impedance of single back line is X
L0=0.004p.u., twice parallel connections then are X
L0/ 2=0.002p.u..So in the zero sequence impedance, the zero sequence impedance of 220kV transformer station accounts for leading in this section, it is little a lot of for circuit zero sequence impedance ratio.When 220kV transformer station was autotransformer, the equivalent zero sequence impedance of this part was X
T0/ 2+X
L0/ 2=0.179+0.002=0.181 is replaced by non-autotransformer, and the equivalent zero sequence impedance of this part is X
T0+ X
L0/ 2=0.258+0.002=0.260p.u..
(3) the 220kV outlet of 500kV hinge change generally has 3～8 passages, and normally double loop is formed a passage, and 6～16 times outlets are then arranged.The accommodation of 500kV hinge often has 6 passages, and then this 6 passage zero sequence impedances parallel connection obtains the equivalent zero sequence impedance of 220kV side, i.e. X
220=(X
T0/ 2+X
L0/ 2)/and 6=0.03p.u., if 220kV becomes non-autotransformer, then X
220=(X
T0+ X
L0/ 2)/6=0.043
(4) the equivalent zero sequence impedance X that sees into to mains side from 220kV busbar short-circuit point
0 ∑By 220kV side and in parallel formation of the equivalent zero sequence impedance of 500kV side, its size also will be seen the equivalent zero sequence impedance of 500kV side.The size of 500kV side zero sequence impedance is made up of 500kV autotransformer zero sequence impedance and 500kV system internal impedance.
Get the transformer of 750MVA, canonical parameter is U
Hm=14%, U
Hl=40%, U
Ml=25%, be benchmark with 100MVA, calculate single transformer high-pressure side impedance X
1=0.020p.u., medium voltage side impedance X
2=-0.001p.u., low-pressure side impedance X
3=0.034p.u..Two transformers connected in parallel, then high, normal, basic impedance is respectively X
1=0.010p.u., X
2=-0.0005p.u., X
3=0.017p.u.
Suppose that 500kV switch capacity of short circuit is 63kA, 500kV bus three-phase shortcircuit electric current illustrates that generally all greater than the three-phase shortcircuit electric current 500kV system positive sequence impedance is less than zero sequence impedance.Big or small ratio statistics according to somewhere 500kV three-phase shortcircuit electric current and single-phase short circuit current obtains the internal impedance X of 500kV system
0=1～2X
1, X averages
0=1.5X1 is no more than 63kA according to single-phase short circuit current, then
Calculate the zero sequence internal impedance X of 500kV system
S0=0.0015.As seen 500 system's zero sequence internal impedances are very little, and the system equivalent zero sequence impedance of 500kV side is mainly leading by the zero sequence impedance of 500kV main transformer.
Therefore working as two 500kV transformers all is autotransformer, the equivalent zero sequence impedance X of 500kV
500=0.006p.u., when being replaced by non-autotransformer, this value becomes 0.012p.u..
(5) size (all being situations of autotransformer) of equivalent zero sequence impedance of comparison 220kV side and the equivalent zero sequence impedance of 500kV side, X
220=(X
T0/ 2+X
L0/ 2)/and 6=0.03p.u., X
500=0.006p.u., as seen, X
500Compare X
220Little a lot, not on an order of magnitude, X
0 ∑Be subjected to the equivalent zero sequence impedance X of 500kV side
500Leading.If there are three autotransformers, then X in 500kV transformer station
0 ∑Be subjected to the equivalent zero sequence impedance of 500kV side leading more.Here it is, and inhibitory action that to change the 500kV autotransformer why be non-autotransformer becomes 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current to the 500kV hinge is non-autotransformer greater than changing the 220kV autotransformer.
(6) the effect quantitative analysis to suppressing single-phase short circuit current of replacing 220kV autotransformer and replacing 500kV autotransformer is as follows, and various component parameters are all got canonical parameter.
A, the transformer when 500kV station and 220kV station all are autotransformer, i.e. neutral point all during ground connection, X
∑ 0=X
500//X
220=0.006//0.03=0.005p.u., changing the 220kV autotransformer is non-autotransformer, and the 500kV transformer is not changed, and each station of 220kV has only a transformer grounding so.X
∑ 0=X
500//X
220=0.006//0.043=0.0053p.u., as seen, X
∑ 0Variation very little, be not a variation on the order of magnitude, so the variation of single-phase short circuit current can be not big yet.So change the 220kV autotransformer is that non-autotransformer is little to the 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current effect that suppresses the change of 500kV hinge.
B, replacing 500kV autotransformer are non-autotransformer, and the 220kV autotransformer is not changed, and the 500kV station has only a transformer grounding so.X
∑ 0=X
500//X
220=0.012//0.03=0.009, the X when not changing transformer
∑ 0=0.005 is much bigger, is a variation on the order of magnitude.Though X
∑ 0＜X
∑ 1(because discussion is that the 500kV hinge becomes the situation of 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current greater than the three-phase shortcircuit electric current), X
∑ 0Account for the single-phase short circuit formula
In the denominator total impedance 1/3 less than, but X
∑ 1, X
∑ 2, X
∑ 0On the order of magnitude, belong to an order of magnitude together, thus this moment X
∑ 0Variation on the same order of magnitude is bigger to the 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current effect that suppresses the change of 500kV hinge.
What more than analyze is the situation of 1 500kV station band a slice 220kV transformer station, it also is same reason that a slice 220kV transformer stations are with at 2 500kV stations, and it is more a lot of greatly than the single-phase short circuit current effect of changing the 220kV autotransformer to suppressing 500kV hinge change 220kV bus to change the 500kV autotransformer.
With section in winter in 2007 plum and section, Che Fang Wujiang is example, calculate change 500kV autotransformer and 220kV autotransformer respectively after the 500kV hinge become 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current situation of change.
Sheet in 1 plum
As shown in Figure 2, winter in 2007, (3 * 1000MVA) are with a 220kV section, have little looped network that the radiation branch road is also arranged in the 220kV section, do not have power plant to insert by becoming in the 500kV plum in the section in the plum.Three-phase and the single-phase short circuit current of 220kV bus in the plum have been calculated under three kinds of situations.First kind be in the plum 3 500kV main transformers with and the section, place in the 220kV main transformer be the situation of autotransformer; Second kind is that the 500kV main transformer remains autotransformer in the plum, and the 220kV autotransformer is the situation of non-autotransformer (each 1 ground connection in 220kV station) in the subregion; The third is that the 500kV main transformer is replaced by non-autotransformer (having only 1 ground connection) in the plum, and 220kV remains the situation that autotransformer is non-autotransformer in the subregion.Result of calculation is as shown in table 1.
Become 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current in table 1 plum
| Project | Three-phase shortcircuit electric current (kA) | Single-phase short circuit current (kA) | Positive sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) | Negative phase-sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) | Zero sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) |
| 220kV and 500kV are autotransformer (full ground connection) in the subregion | 36.34 | 44.15 | 0.0076 | 0.0076 | 0.0036 |
| Changing the interior 220kV autotransformer of subregion is non-autotransformer (each 1 ground connection in 220kV station) | 36.34 | 42.98 | 0.0076 | 0.0076 | 0.0041 |
| Project | Three-phase shortcircuit electric current (kA) | Single-phase short circuit current (kA) | Positive sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) | Negative phase-sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) | Zero sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) |
| The 500kV autotransformer is non-autotransformer (having only 1 ground connection) in the replacing plum | 36.34 | 39.87 | 0.0076 | 0.0076 | 0.0056 |
2 Che Fang Wujiang sheets
As shown in Figure 3, winter in 2007, section, Che Fang Wujiang by 500kV car mill become (2 * 1000MVA) and Wujiang become that (3 * 1000MVA) are with a 220kV section, have little looped network that the radiation branch road is also arranged in the 220kV section, have a small amount of power plant to insert.Calculated three kinds of situations equally, the result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 car mill 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current
| Project | Three-phase shortcircuit electric current (kA) | Single-phase short circuit current (kA) | Positive sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) | Negative phase-sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) | Zero sequence equivalent impedance (p.u.) |
| 220kV and 500kV are autotransformer (full ground connection) in the subregion | 43.67 | 51.24 | 0.0064 | 0.0064 | 0.0035 |
| Changing the interior 220kV autotransformer of subregion is non-autotransformer (each 1 ground connection in 220kV station) | 43.67 | 50.36 | 0.0064 | 0.0064 | 0.0038 |
| The mill 500kV autotransformer of more changing trains is non-autotransformer (having only 1 ground connection) | 43.67 | 47.00 | 0.0064 | 0.0064 | 0.0050 |
From above result of calculation as can be seen:
(1) 500kV main transformer 220kV bus single-phase short circuit current goes out about 7kA greatly greater than the three-phase shortcircuit electric current.
(2) changing autotransformer is non-autotransformer, no matter be the 500kV or the main transformer of 220kV electric pressure, all only single-phase short circuit current is had effect, to the not influence of three-phase shortcircuit electric current.Because change autotransformer is that non-autotransformer is exactly the earthing mode that changes transformer, only influences the zero sequence equivalent impedance, and the positive sequence negative sequence impedance is constant, therefore only changes the size of single-phase short circuit current, and the three-phase shortcircuit electric current is constant.
(3) keeping the 500kV main transformer is autotransformer, autotransformer in the 220kV station in the subregion is replaced by non-autotransformer (being to have only a main transformer ground connection in each 220kV station), single-phase short circuit current descends to some extent, but fall is less, approximately 1kA is less for the effect that suppresses single-phase short circuit current.
(4) keeping the interior main transformer in the interior 220kV of subregion station is autotransformer, changing the 500kV main transformer is non-autotransformer (promptly having only a main transformer ground connection in the station), for suppressing playing a role clearly of single-phase short circuit current, single-phase short circuit current has approximately reduced 4kA.
Find by calculating, the 500kV transformer is replaced by non-autotransformer by autotransformer, apparent in view to the inhibitory action that suppresses the 500kV 220kV of transformer station bus single-line to ground fault electric current, and the 220kV transformer in the 220kV subregion is replaced by non-autotransformer by autotransformer, then not obvious to the inhibitory action of the 220kV of 500kV transformer station bus single-line to ground fault electric current in this subregion.
Claims (1)
1. the method that suppresses power grid single-phase short circuit current, the 500kV/220kV electrical network comprises 500kV load-center substation and a slice 220kV electrical network, the 220kV bus of described 500kV load-center substation is connected on the 220kV bus of each 220kV transformer station by the 220kV outlet, form aforesaid a slice 220kV electrical network, wherein, described 220kV outlet has 6～16 times outlets, it is characterized in that, when the 220kV main transformer of the 500kV main transformer of described 500kV load-center substation and each 220kV transformer station all is autotransformer, by the 500kV main transformer is replaced by non-autotransformer by autotransformer, and described 500kV main transformer has only a transformer grounding, zero sequence equivalent impedance when increasing 500kV load-center substation 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit, thus 500kV load-center substation 220kV side bus single-phase short circuit current suppressed.
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| CN101267107A (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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