CN101265794A - Combination type ultralong stroke oil pumping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a beamless long stroke pumping unit for mechanical oil extraction in the oil field. The reversing reducer of the pumping unit is combined and designed by adopting a plurality of automobile parts, such as differential, brake, spiral cone gear (basin angle gear), half axle, etc., thereby solving the reversing problem subtly. The stroke of the pumping unit can reach more than 10 meters or even longer, and the stroke can be adjusted randomly. The pumping unit thoroughly solves the problem of being easy to wear and tear the chain type pumping unit and frequent starting of the motor by the pumping unit during the process of motor reversing. The beamless long stroke pumping unit for mechanical oil extraction in the oil field has the advantages of steady reversing, reliable operation, convenient maintenance, low cost and long service life.

Description

Combination type ultralong stroke oil pumping machine

The present invention relates to oil field machinery oil equipment, the no beam type long stroke pumping unit that especially a kind of usefulness auto parts and components such as differential mechanism, brake, basin angle tooth (spiral bevel gear), semiaxis etc. are formed.

Beam pumping unit is the longest in the prior art, existing so far 160 years histories.It is sturdy durable, good management, and always in occupation of the leading position in oil pumper field, the market share is more than 90%.But this type of oil pumper stroke short (about 3 meters), energy consumption are greatly the weakness that it is difficult to overcome; Only have or not beam pumping unit can realize long stroke.Maximum stroke as chain type oil pump can reach 8 meters, and its feature is that curve movement is more reasonable, good energy-conserving effect.Shortcoming is a poor lubrication, and chain wear is very fast, maintenance difficult, and the maintenance cost height, stroke can not be adjusted; The drum type pumping unit of another kind of motor commutation also can realize long stroke, and it requires the commutation of motor frequent starting, every day about 10,000 times.The starting current of motor is greater than several times of running currents, and frequency converter that it adopts or switch magnetic group reversing control system are subjected to working condition and environmental factor to ring the poor reliability of work.Facts have proved that this kind oil pumper is not energy-conservation, unreliable.The alternating current of motor commutation generation also can pollute electrical network in addition; Patent No. ZL02109048.3 disclosed " long-stroke pumping machine operating in differential reversing mode " is that it has avoided a chain difficult problem easy to wear, does not also need the frequent starting motor, has adopted a kind of brand-new design philosophy with the long stroke pumping unit of automobile differential commutation.Also there are some problems in logical discovery on probation in a few years.1. form of structure is unreasonable, and host design is not compact, and driving-chain is longer.2. suspension point departs from tower center, is unfavorable for suspension point centering well head, is unfavorable for the stable of pylon, inconvenient workover treatment.3. three output rollers are arranged, too complicated; 4. reversing control system work is unreliable, commutation delay function shortcoming.5. the commutation vibration is bigger, does not have damping device.

The purpose of this invention is to provide the long stroke pumping unit that a kind of structure is reasonable more, commutation is reliable more, operation is steady more, maintenance is convenient, cost is cheaper.

For achieving the above object, the present invention has designed a kind of reversing speed reducer, and this reversing speed reducer is made up of two groups of automobile differentials, two groups of brakes, four semiaxis, three pairs of basin angle teeth (spiral bevel gear), idle wheel (1-3), output rope sheave, commutation controlling mechanism and buffering shock-absorbing devices.

Wherein two groups of differential mechanisms are core technologies of the present invention.Differential mechanism is invented by the French founder Louis of Renault Reynolds, and existing so far more than 100 year history is a mature technique.Differential mechanism has many types, as spur-gear differential, cone gear differential mechanism, limited slip differential etc.Because simple and compact for structure, the stable working of cone gear differential mechanism is most widely used, therefore should at first adopt cone gear differential mechanism.The inside of cone gear differential mechanism is made up of two sun gears (axle shaft gear), four planetary gears, cross axle and housings.

The present invention has following innovative point:

1. the casing of reversing speed reducer is concave shape, in concave shape central authorities an output rope sheave is set.

2. with idle wheel two groups of differential cluster are lumped together, roller gear all is housed on the housing of two differential mechanisms, idle wheel is positioned in the middle of these two roller gears, and these three gears intermesh.

3. four semiaxis insert respectively in the interior axle shaft gear of differential mechanism, export the front end of two semiaxis of a side and make spiral bevel gear, with the big basin angle tooth engagement of its pairing.

4 reversing control systems have two kinds of electric-controlled type and mechanical types, and the purpose of two kinds of control modes is exactly alternately to check two groups of brakes, to obtain forward and reverse rotation of output rope sheave.

4.1] wherein the electric-controlled type reversing control system form by sensor (near switch), electromagnet, brake rocker and control circuit.Two sensors are installed in the two ends up and down of oil pumper pylon respectively, only need the position of movable sensor just passable when adjusting stroke.Electromagnet is contained in the brake rocker lower end, and the brake rocker upper end is affixed with camshaft of brakes, and control circuit receives the processes sensor signal, control electromagnet switching electricity conversion program.In the work, outage of an energising of two electromagnet.The electromagnet of energising is inhaled on the braking hub, rotates with the braking hub, and driving brake rocker and camshaft simultaneously changes an angle, and cam backs down brake shoes, checks the brake and the semiaxis at place.Suspension point goes upward to another sensor place, handles through control circuit, and two blocks of electromagnet replace the switching electricity, can discharge a brake, check another brake, finish commutation process one time.Process above repeating just can obtain the reciprocating motion of oil pumper.In control circuit, design delay function, can eliminate the distortion of sucker rod and the inertia impact that commutation produces.General two blocks of electromagnet replace switching electricity moment time-delay 1-5 second, also can set time-delay length according to oil viscosity.

4.2] the mechanical switching control system is by driving lever, bull stick, initiatively fork, shift fork, passive fork (T-shaped), pull bar, retracting cylinder, expansion link, spring, snubber are formed.When suspension point pumps, will stir driving lever, the passive fork that promotes to be sleeved on the bull stick through bull stick, active fork, shift fork changes an angle.So just loosened the pull bar of pretension, under the effect of brake return spring, the brake that is under the on-position has been discharged.Meanwhile, the pull bar that passive that root of the fork other end is lax is tightened up, and makes the brake braking that is under the release conditions, finishes commutation process one time.Repeat this process and just can obtain reciprocating motion on the suspension point.Producing big vibration for fear of commutation process, in the hinged place of passive fork a snubber is installed, is exactly an air throttling arrangement, plays the buffering time-lag action, and it is too urgent effectively to prevent to brake.

5. to produce vibration in order eliminating when commutating, to have designed damping device, in ballast box guide rail lower end two groups of springs are installed, and with crossbeam two groups of springs are connected, drop on when ballast box is descending on the crossbeam, spring is compressed, and plays the bumper and absorbing shock effect.The spring energy reserve plays the effect of service hoisting when ballast box is up simultaneously, makes commutation more easily steadily.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:

1) form of structure is further optimized, the host design compact and reasonable, and driving-chain shortens.

2) suspension point is positioned at tower center, has improved the stability of oil pumper, has made things convenient for workover treatment simultaneously.

3) set up damping device, reduced reversing impact, eliminated the commutation vibrations, improved motion state.

4) reversing control system has been set up delay function, helps eliminating the distortion of sucker rod, makes commutation more steady.Only need the position of movable sensor when adjusting stroke, very convenient.

5) adopt car gage spare in a large number, cost reduces significantly.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated.

Fig. 1 is a lateral view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a reversing speed reducer structural representation of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an electric-controlled type commutation controlling mechanism schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an electric-controlled type commutation controlling mechanism cut-away view of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a mechanical switching controlling organization schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an elevation of the present invention.

From Fig. 1, Fig. 6, see, reversing speed reducer 1 be placed on pylon 5 above, motor 38 is positioned at the below of reversing speed reducer 1.Two sensors 36 are placed on the upper/lower terminal of pylon 5.Ballast box 6 is positioned at the centre of two guide rails 39, and guide rail 39 the top of 7, two groups of damping springs 7 of two groups of damping springs of suit bottom connects with crossbeam 37.

Among Fig. 2, the casing of reversing speed reducer 1 is concave shape, places output rope sheave 3 in the middle of the concave shape.The power shaft front end of reversing speed reducer 1 is a bevel gear 15, and bevel gear 15 meshes with the bevel gear wheel 16 of pairing.On bevel gear wheel 16 coaxial is roller gear 17, gear 9 engagements on gear 17 and differential mechanism 8 cylindricals.The centre of two groups of differential mechanisms 8 is idle wheels 10, idle wheel 10 respectively with gear 9 engagement of differential mechanism 8 cylindricals.Output one side of two groups of differential mechanisms 8 is respectively inserted semiaxis 11, and the front end of semiaxis 11 is made bevel pinion, bevel gear wheel 13 engagements of this bevel pinion and its pairing.Large bevel gear shaft 14 stretches out casing, is connected with rope sheave 3 with shaft coupling.The opposite side of two groups of differential mechanisms 8 respectively inserts semiaxis 12, and semiaxis 12 stretches out the part of casing brake 2 is installed.

Among Fig. 3, Fig. 4, braking hub 20 is affixed with semiaxis 12, and rotates with semiaxis 12.Brake rocker 21 is affixed with camshaft 18, and electromagnet 23 is installed in the bottom of rocking arm 21.After electromagnet 23 energisings, just inhale on the braking hub 20 that rotates, drive cam 18 by rocking arm 21 and rotate, back down brake shoes 24 and check this semiaxis by cam 19.Two brake operating principles are identical.Other has control system to control the alternation program of two electromagnet 23.Certainly, also be feasible with two blocks of electromagnet of travel switch control.

Fig. 5 is the mechanical switching controlling organization.The affixed driving lever 25 of bull stick 26 1 ends, both at grade.The other end of bull stick 26 is with initiatively fork 27 is affixed, and both are vertical.Shift fork 28 is with initiatively fork 27 is affixed.Retracting cylinder 32 is with initiatively fork 27 is hinged.Spring 34 is sleeved in the expansion link 33, and expansion link 33 inserts in the retracting cylinder 32, and expansion link 33 lower ends are hinged.Passive fork 29 (T-shaped) is sleeved on the bull stick 26.The two ends of pull bar 30 are hinged with the lever 31 of passive fork 29 and camshaft 18 respectively.The bottom of passive fork 29 is with initiatively fork 27 is identical.Snubber 35 is connected with passive fork 29, pylon 5 respectively.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and examples field, no matter structurally do any variation, or uses this technology at other field.Every two groups of automobile differentials are combined, and on output shaft, adopted bipyramid gear drive output, all drop within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. long stroke pumping unit, comprise motor, pylon, reversing speed reducer, commutation controlling mechanism, the output rope sheave, ballast box, damping device, it is characterized in that reversing speed reducer (1) is positioned at above the pylon (5), motor 38 be positioned at reversing speed reducer (1) below, output rope sheave (3) is positioned at the dead ahead of reversing speed reducer (1), steel cable (4) centering well head hangs forward, the wire rope (4) that output rope sheave (3) rear hangs is connected with ballast box (6), below the ballast box (6) bumper and absorbing shock spring (7), the semiaxis (12) that reversing speed reducer (1) stretches out is later gone up brake (2) is installed, camshaft (18) on the brake (2) is connected with commutation controlling mechanism, and commutation controlling mechanism has mechanical type Fig. 5 and electric-controlled type Fig. 3, two kinds of Fig. 4.

2. long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the casing of this reversing speed reducer (1) is concave shape, be output rope sheave (3) in the middle of the concave shape casing, the inside of reversing speed reducer (1) is made up of two groups of differential mechanisms (8), idle wheel (10), four semiaxis (11) (12), bevel gear (13); Roller gear (9) all is housed on the shell of above-mentioned two groups of differential mechanisms (8), idle wheel (10) is positioned at the centre of two roller gears (9), the bevel pinion of semiaxis (11) front end and bevel gear wheel (13) engagement, semiaxis (12) are stretched out the part of casing brake (2) are installed.

3. long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: changement adopts automatically controlled mode; rocking arm (21) upper end is affixed with camshaft (18), and electromagnet (23) places rocking arm (21) bottom, and sensor (36) is positioned at the upper/lower terminal of pylon (5).

4. long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: changement adopts mechanical type, mechanical switching mechanism is made up of driving lever (25), bull stick (26), active fork (27), shift fork (28), passive fork (29), pull bar (30), lever (31), retracting cylinder (32), expansion link (33), spring (34), snubber (35), initiatively fork (27) is affixed with bull stick (26), and passive fork (29) is hinged with bull stick (26).

5. long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two groups of springs (7) of damping device are sleeved on the below of ballast box guide rail (39), and crossbeam (37) links up two groups of damping springs (7).

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