CN101258483A - 用于在多租户数据库环境中导出、发布、浏览和安装随需应用的系统及其方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
根据实施例,提供了一种用于在多租户数据库环境中创建、导出、查看和测试以及导入的定制应用的机制和方法。这些机制和方法使得实施例能够提供用于跨组织边界共享的应用的媒介。跨组织边界共享应用的能力能够使得多租户数据库系统的租户例如能够容易和有效地导入和导出应用,并由此与多租户环境中的其他租户共享应用。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2005年9月9日提交申请、美国临时申请号60/715,749(律师案号No.021735-001500US)的权利,并通过全文引用结合与此。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及数据库技术,尤其是适用于在多租户(multi-tenant)和/或多应用的数据库系统中创建和交换定制应用的系统和方法。
背景技术
在发明了数字和书写系统之后不久,人们就很快意识到没有注意到创建信息。随着信息创建将成为在未来几个世纪中烦恼人类的一个问题:如何存储和管理信息。
幸运的是,早期人们所创建的信息量相对较小并且有可能使用十个手指和十个脚趾来跟踪。当需要大量永久性记录时,人们就采用石碑或者泥土板来跟踪信息。这种机制中的一种早期众所周知的实例是由Moses所使用的,他将十条戒律的主体存储在两个这种石碑上。然而,这些机制都限制于一次写入和多次读取的实现并且严格地受限于容量。
随着古腾堡(Gutenberg)活字印刷技术的出现,具备了存储大量信息以及生成所存储信息的副本的能力。虽然,这些机制也都是限制于一次写入和多次读取的实现,但它们便于知识的广泛传播,从而进一步加速技术进步的进程。在几个世纪之后,出现了计算机和数据库软件系统。计算机数据库以容易得到的包来提供大的容量、写入-读取的存储。片刻之间,似乎人类古老的信息存储和管理的问题已被最终解决。
然而,计算机数据库也被众多问题所困扰。各种组织、企业或者代理都安装他自己的数据库的拷贝。但是,就在前不久除了已经提供的标准对象和标准应用之外,用户仍希望将他们自己的定制对象和应用添加到他们的数据库中。对定制的希望产生各种不同的模式、存储在数据库中的信息类型的组织以及依赖于不同用户所实现的模式的应用。不同的模式进而妨碍不同组织中的用户相互间共享信息或者应用的希望。
发明内容
根据实施例,本发明提供了一种适用于在多租户数据库环境中创建、导出、查看和测试、以及导入定制应用的机制和方法。这些机制和方法使得实施例能够提供用于跨组织边界共享应用的媒介。跨组织边界共享应用的能力使得多租户数据库系统中的租户例如能够很容易且高效地导入和导出,由此在多租户环境中的其它租户之间共享应用。正如本文所使用的,术语多租户数据库系统是指一种能够实现使得用户组织(即,租户)能够共享在一个逻辑数据库中的应用和数据以及数据库资源的多租户架构的数据库系统。在多租户数据库环境中,甚至数据库表自身也能够在租户之间共享。例如,在数据模式中的各个实体都包含用于区分每个租户的行的organization_id(组织_标识符)列。在租户上下文中的查询和数据操作对此organization_id列(索引)进行过滤以确保虚拟私有数据库的适当的安全和表现。这种策略使得多租户数据库实施例能够将诸如Account(帐户)、Contact(联系)、Lead(引导)和Opportunity(机会)实体的标准实体显示给用户。
在实施例中,对所导出的关于多租户数据库系统中的所有其它组织的容器组织使用相同的物理存储机制和模式提供了一种确保容器组织(containerorgnization)能够无缝地进行升级的能力。
在实施例中,创建定义应用的包,以便于导出应用。该包可以包含定义应用的元数据和其它材料。当将包导入接收组织时,则该包在各个组织的使用期限期间保持逻辑分离。于是,实施例保持了导入包的唯一性,使得在接收组织中的用户能够将包作为单独的项目来导航。实施例提供了一种禁止包中的导入对象改变以及在未来卸载该包的能力。
根据一个方面并作为示例,通过创建包提供在多租户数据库中定义应用功能以及与其它组织交换应用功能的能力,该包包括元数据,这些元数据在创建组织以及向其它组织提供包时定义应用。任选地,创建组织可以通过发布来自应用目录中的包的元数据来提供对应用的访问,或者可以提供例如URL的到包的链接来访问另一组织。对应用包进行访问的感兴趣的组织可以查看和测试这类发布的包以及导入和安装该包。
根据另一方面,提供应用的目录。该目录是用户所开发的应用的在线编目。目录包括公开的可用应用以及私有的应用,这些私有的应用在不了解包的正确链接的情况下是不能被访问的。访问公开目录的访问者能够学习可用应用、观看应用构造者所开发的应用的描述、以及获取对进入(安装)URL的访问。应用开发者访问目录站点,以便于提交和维护他们所创建的(无论是公开的还是私有的)应用的描述。为了确保质量,应用条目在添加到公开目录之前可由内部目录管理人员进行检查。在一方面,用户提交率、注释和安装数量等方式的公众反馈都被包括在目录中以及为潜在的接收者提供用以衡量每个应用的声誉和价值的方法。访问者可以通过商业解决方案类型,或者通过最高比率(rating)、开发者姓名、最受欢迎以及其它排序机制的分类来浏览应用。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于在多租户数据库环境中共享应用的方法,该多租户数据库环境包括存储了多个组织的数据和对象的多租户数据库。该方法一般包括:创建引用与第一组织有关的一个或者多个元数据对象的集合的包封元数据对象;将该包封元数据对象存储于数据库系统中;以及允许第二组织中的用户访问该包封元数据对象。在某些方面中,提供了一种方法,该方法一般包括:创建包,该包包括一个对象以及依赖于该对象的一个或多个对象的集合,其中该对象和从属对象都与第一组织有关;将该包存储于数据库系统中;以及允许在第二组织中的用户访问该包。在某些方面,这些方法包括验证包封元数据对象或者包。
参照本说明书包括附图和权利要求书的其余部分,将认识本发明的其它特征和优点。将在以下参照附图详细描述本发明的另外一些特征和优点,以及本发明各个实施例的结构和操作。在附图中,类似的附图标记表示相同的或者功能相似的元件。
附图的简要描述
图1示出了其中可使用多租户数据库系统的环境。
图2示出了图1的元件以及这些元件之间的各种互连。
图3显示了在一个实施例中的应用的目录的数据模型。
图4显示了在一个实施例中的DirectoryEntry(目录条目)对象和其它对象的定义。
图5显示了在一个实施例中的解决方案类别的分层结构。
图6显示了在一个实施例中的允许用户创建包的GUI屏幕的一示例。
图7显示了在一个实施例中所创建的包的GUI屏幕截图的一个示例,该截图显示了包括所包含项目的信息。
图8显示了在一个实施例中的项目数据模型定义和项目成员数据模型定义的一个示例。
具体实施方法
在实施例中,本发明提供了一种用于在多租户数据库系统中创建和交换定制应用的系统和方法。
除了已经提供的标准对象和标准应用之外,客户可以希望将他们自己的定制对象和应用添加到他们自己的数据库系统中。在其中客户具有他自己的物理数据库的传统的客户机/服务器应用中,添加定制对象一般是通过针对数据库的DDL(数据定义语言)创建新的物理模式-表格和专栏-来完成的。在一个在线多租户数据库系统中,这种方法由于各种原因而不能得到支持。例如,对于具有大量租户(例如,在1,000或者10,000级或者更多租户)的数据库系统来说,所有希望模型的联合将超过低层数据字典的编目(例如,Oracle(甲骨文)字典)。另外,对于DBA(数据库管理员)来说,所有的这些模式对象的维护是几乎不可能的负担。此外,当前的关系数据库无法为组织充分地支持在线DDL(在高并发处理系统中)来保持逻辑的独立性。具体地,由一个组织所创建的模式可能锁定针对所有其他客户的应用,从而引起难以接受的延迟。
许多应用平台具有能够安装不同应用的概念。例如,Windows具有同样适用于诸如Linux和其它操作系统的可被安装的应用。一些网站允许浏览和选择应用进行下载和安装。例如,CNET具有download.com网址,它允许下载基于PC的应用。其它企业软件工具包具有指定元数据的包以及将它从一个环境导出并导入另一环境的能力。例如,Peoplesoft具有通过odbc连接或者经由平面文件使用任一导入/导出来实现这些的能力。采用基于平面文件和odbc的方法,存在不能导入使用先前的版本定义或者导出的包的风险。微软(Microsoft)具有一个办公目录,该目录允许从他们的中心网址下载十分有用的电子数据表格或者word文档模版。然而,这些系统不允许用户在多租户环境中轻易地和有效地导入和导出应用。这些系统也不能保护所导入的应用的唯一性;不能将其作为单独的项目来进行导航。其它系统也不允许禁止对所导入应用中的导入对象的改变并且不允许在未来卸载应用。
图1示出了其中可使用多租户数据库系统的环境。如图1所示,任何用户系统12可能通过网络14与多租户数据库系统(MTS)16进行交互。这些用户系统12的用户可能是具有不同能力的用户,并且特定用户系统12的能力可能完全是通过对当前用户的许可(许可级别)来确定的。例如,在销售人员使用特定用户系统12与MTS 16进行交互的情况下,该用户系统向该销售人员分配能力。然而,在网络管理员使用用户系统与MTS 16进行交互的同时,用户系统向网络管理员分配能力。于是,取决于用户的许可等级,不同的用户具有关于访问和更改应用和数据库信息的不同的能力,包括标签和标签组定义和概况信息。
网络14可以是LAN(局域网)、WAN(广域网)、无线网络、点对点网络、星形网络、令牌环形网、集线器网络,或者其它构造。目前使用最为广泛的类型是TCP/IP(传输控制协议和网际协议)网络,例如,时常被称为具有首写“I”的因特网的全球互联网,在本文的许多示例中将使用该网络。然而,应该理解的是,尽管TCP/IP是目前较佳的协议,但本发明可能使用的网络而没有任何限制。
用户系统12可能使用TCP/IP与MTS 16进行通信,并且在较高的网络层下,也可以使用其它通用的因特网协议进行通信,例如,HTTP、FTP、AFS、WAP以及其它等等。作为其中使用HTTP的一个示例,用户系统12可能包括通常被称之为“浏览器”的HTTP客户机,它用于发送和接收来自MTS 16的HTTP服务器的HTTP信息。这类HTTP服务器可作为MTS 16和网络14之间的独立网络接口来实现,但是也可使用其它技术或者采用其它技术替代。在某些实施例中,在MTS 16和网络14之间的接口包括负载共享功能,例如,轮叫(round-robin)HTTP请求分配器以平衡负载并在多个服务器上均匀地分配引入的HTTP请求。多个服务器中的每一个可访问MTS的数据,至少对于正访问该服务器的用户。
在一方面,图1所示的系统实现基于web的客户关系管理(CRM)系统。例如,在一方面,MTS 16可以包括应用服务器,该服务器被配置实现和执行CRM软件应用以及提供导入和导出用户系统12的相关数据、代码、窗体、网页和其它信息并且将相关数据、对象和网页内容存储于数据库和从该数据库检索它们。采用多租户系统,较佳地安排租户数据,使得一个租户的数据与其他租户的数据保持逻辑上的分离,从而一个租户不能访问其他租户的数据,除非这类数据清楚地表明是共享的。在另一方面,系统16实现与CRM应用不同或除其之外的其它应用。例如,系统16可以向租户提供对包括CRM应用的多个主宿(标准和定制)应用的访问,。
图1显示了MTS 16的元件的一种布置,这些元件包括网络接口20、用于租户数据的存储22、用于MTS 16及可能的多个租户可用的系统数据的存储24、用于实现MTS 16的各种功能的程序代码26、以及用于执行MTS系统处理和租户专用处理的处理空间28,例如,作为主存服务的应用的一部分的运行的应用。
图1所示系统中的一些元件包括常规的、众所周知的元件,这些元件不需要本文作详细的解释。例如,各个用户系统12可能包括桌面个人计算机、工作站、膝上型设备、PDA、蜂窝电话,或者能够直接或间接地与因特网或其它网络连接进行接口的任何可用WAP(WAP-enabled)的设备或者任何其它计算设备。用户系统12一般运行HTTP客户机,例如,浏览器程序,包括:微软的互联网探测浏览器、网景(Netscape)的导航浏览器、欧博(Opera)的浏览器,或者在蜂窝电话、PDA或其它无线设备等等中的可用WAP的浏览器,从而允许用户系统12的用户(例如,多租户数据库系统的订户)能够通过网络14来从MTS 16访问、处理和查看信息、页面和其可用的应用。各个用户系统12一般也包括一个或多个用户接口设备,例如键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、笔以及其它等等,它们用于与显示器(例如,监视器的屏幕、LCD显示器等等)上的浏览器所提供的图形用户界面(GUI)以及由MTS 16或者其它系统或服务器所提供的页面、窗体、应用和其它信息进行交互。例如,用户接口设备可以用于选择标签和标签集、创建和更改应用,并且另外允许用户与各个GUI页面进行交互,例如,在美国专利申请No.11/075,546中所讨论的,该专利通过全文引用结合于此。
正如以上所讨论的,本发明适于与因特网一起使用,该因特网称为专用全球互联网。然而,应该理解的是,也可以使用其它因特网来替代上述网络,例如内联网、外联网、虚拟个人网络(VPN)、基于非TCP/IP的网络、任何LAN或WAN等。
根据一个实施例,各个用户系统12以及其所有组件都是可配置成使用诸如浏览器的应用的操作者,这些应用包括使用诸如英特尔(Intel)奔腾处理器等中央处理单元运行的计算机代码。类似地,MTS 16(以及MTS的其它实例,在提供多个的情况下)以及其所有组件可以是可配置成使用应用的操作者,这些应用包括使用诸如英特尔(Intel)奔腾处理器等的中央处理单元或者多处理器单元运行的计算机代码。较佳的,用于操作和配置MTS 16以便与本文所述的网页、应用以及其它数据和媒体内容互连或对它们进行处理的计算机代码可被下载并存储于硬盘,但是整个程序代码或者其部分也可以存储于任何其它众所周知的易失性或非易失性存储介质或设备中,例如ROM或RAM、或者在能够存储程序代码的任何其它信息存储介质上提供,这些信息存储介质例如包括压缩盘(CD)介质、数字多功能盘(DVD)介质、软盘等等。此外,整个程序代码或者其部分程序代码可例如通过因特网从软件源或另一服务器发送和下载,或者使用众所周知的任何通信介质和协议(例如,TCP/TP、HTTP、HTTPS、以太网等等)通过任何其它众所周知的常规网络连接(例如,外联网、VPN、LAN等等)发送。也应该意识到的是,用于实现本发明诸多方面的计算机代码可以在服务器或者服务器系统上可执行的任何编程语言来实现,这些编程语言例如包括C、C++、HTML、任何其它标记语言、JavaTM、JavaScript、任何其它诸如VBScript的脚本语言,以及许多其它众所周知的编程语言(JavaTM是Sun微系统公司的商标)。
根据一个实施例,各个MTS 16被配置成向用户系统12提供网页、窗体、应用、数据和媒体内容,以便于支持作为MTS 16的租户的用户系统12的访问。这样,MTS 16提供用以保持每个租户的数据独立的安全机制,除非该数据是共享的。如果使用多个MTS,则可以将其定位成彼此紧靠(例如,定位在单个大厦或者校园中的服务器群中),或者可以将其分布在彼此远离的位置上(例如,一个或多个服务器定位在城市A中,而一个或多个服务器定位在城市B中)。正如本文所使用的,各个MTS可能包括在本地或跨一个或多个地理位置分布的一个或多个逻辑和/或物理上连接的服务器。另外,术语“服务器”是指包括计算机系统,它包括处理硬件和处理空间以及相关联的存储系统和本领域所众所周知的数据库应用(例如,OODBMS或RDBMS)。也应该理解的是,“服务器系统”和“服务器被可交换地在这里使用。同样,本文所讨论的数据库能够以单独的数据库、分布式数据库、分布式数据库的集合、具有冗余在线或离线备份或者其它冗余等的数据库来实现,并且可能包括分布式数据库或存储网络和相关联的处理智能。
图2示出了在一个实施例中的MTS 16的元件以及这些元件之间的各种互连。在该示例中,网络接口作为一个或多个HTTP应用服务器100来实现的。同时也显示了系统处理空间102,包括单独的租户处理空间104、系统数据库106、租户数据库108和租户管理处理空间110。租户数据库108可能被划分为租户存储区域112,这可以是物理上的布置或者逻辑上的布置。在各个租户存储区域112内,用户存储114可被类似地分配给各个用户。
也应该理解的是,各个应用服务器100可被可通信地耦合到网络连接通例如系统数据库106和租户数据库108的数据库系统。例如,一个服务器1001可能通过因特网14耦合,另一个服务器100N-1可能通过直接网络链路耦合,而另一个服务器100N可能也通过不同的网络连接耦合。传输控制协议和网际协议(TCP/IP)是用于在服务器100和数据库系统之间进行通信的较佳协议,然而,对于本领域技术人员而言,也可以根据所使用的网络互连使用其它传输协议来优化系统。
在诸多方面,各个应用服务器100被配置成处理任何用户/组织的请求。因为希望能在任何时间以任何理由向服务器池添加应用服务器或者从该服务器池移除应用服务器,所以较佳的是,对于专用服务器100的用户和/或组织,不存在具有亲和力的服务器。因此,在一个实施例中,实现负载平衡功能(例如,F5大的IP负载平衡器)的接口系统(未显示)可通信地耦合在服务器100和用户系统12之间,以向服务器100分发请求。在一个方面,负载平衡器使用一至少连接算法将用户的请求路由到服务器100。也可以使用负载平衡算法的其它示例,例如,轮叫和观测响应时间。例如,在某些方面,来自同一用户的三个连续请求可以到达三个不同的服务器,而来自不同用户的三个请求可以到达同一服务器。采用这种方式,MTS 16是多租户的,其中MTS 16处理跨不同用户和组织的不同对象、数据和应用的存储和访问。
作为存储的一个示例,一个租户可能是一家具有销售能力的公司,公司内的各个销售人员使用MTS 16来管理他们自己的销售过程。于是,用户可能保持联系数据、引导数据、消费者跟踪数据、绩效数据、目标和进展数据等等,所有的数据都适用于用户的个人销售过程(例如,在租户数据库108中)。在较佳的MTS布置中,由于所有要访问、查看、更改、报告、传输、计算等等的这些数据和应用可由仅具有网络访问的用户系统维护和访问,所以用户能够从许多不同的用户系统的任一个来管理他或她的销售益绩和周期。例如,如果销售人员正在访问顾客并且该顾客在他们的大厅中具有因特网接入,则销售人员能够在等待顾客到达大厅的同时获得关于该顾客的及时更新。
虽然各个用户的数据可区别于其它用户的数据而与各个用户的雇主无关,但是某些数据可以是由作为租户的给定组织中的多个用户或者所有用户所共享或者可访问的组织范围内的数据。于是,就有可能存在一些数据结构被分配在租户等级上由MTS 16来管理,而其它数据结构可能在用户等级上进行管理。因为MTS可能支持包括可能的竞争者的多个租户,所以MTS应该具有使数据、应用和应用分开使用的安全协议。同样,因为许多租户会选择访问MTS而不是维护他们自己的系统,所以冗余、正常运行时间和备份都是附加的关键功能并且需要在MTS中实现。
除了用户专用数据和租户专用数据之外,MTS 16也可能维护由多个租户所使用的系统级数据或其它数据。这类系统级数据可能包括在租户之间能够共享的行业报告、新闻、记录以及其它等等。
在某些方面,客户机系统12与应用服务器100通信以请求和更新MTS 16的系统级和租户级的数据,这可能要求一次或多次查询数据库系统106和/或数据库系统108。例如,在一个方面,MTS 16(例如,在MTS 16中的一个应用服务器100)自动产生包括设计成访问所需信息的一个或多个SQL语句的SQL查询。
各个数据库一般可被视为对象的集合,例如,包含放置到预定类别中的数据的逻辑表格。“表格”是数据对象的一种表示,并且这里用于简化根据本发明的对象和定制对象。应该理解的是,“表格”和“对象”在本文中是可以交替使用的。各个表格一般包含逻辑排列的一个或多个数据类别,例如,在可视模式中的列或字段。表格中的每一行或记录都包由字段所定义的每个类别的数据的实例。例如,CRM数据库可以包括描述消费者的表格,其中具有例如姓名、地址、电话号码、传真号码等等的基本联系信息的字段。另一表格可能表述购买订单,包括诸如消费者、产品、销售价格、日期等等信息的字段。在一些多租户数据库系统中,这种标准实体表格可能提供给所有租户使用。对于CRM数据库应用而言,这类标准实体可能包括用于帐户、联系、引导和机会数据(Opportunity data)的表格且各自包含预定义字段。
根据一个方面,用户可以设计他们自己的定制应用,包括:定制对象、定制的标签、定制的字段以及定制的页面布局。2004年4月2日提交申请的、美国专利申请序列号No.10/817,161、题为“在多租户数据库系统中的定制实体和字段(Custom Entities and Fields in a Multi-Tenant Database System)”的美国专利申请序列号No.10/817,161披露公开了适用于创建和定制诸如实体和字段的对象的系统和方法,该专利申请通过全文引用而合并与结合于此。该专利所提出的系统和方法提供了采用以固定的物理方案模式存储可变方案模式数据的灵活解决方法。也可以创建和定制标签和标签组,用于以定义在定制对象和字段、标准对象和字段以及多个应用之间的关系和跟踪相关数据。2005年3月8日提交的、题为“用于实现多应用标签和标签组的系统和方法(Systems andMethods for Implementing Multi-Application Tabs and Tab Sets)”的美国专利申请序列号No.11/075,546披公开了用于在多租户环境中创建和定制标签和标签组的系统和方法,该专利通过全文引用结合于此。标签和标签组创建和功能的简要表述将在下文中作进一步讨论。
定制标签和标签组
在实施例中,标签表示进入应用的单元或者进入数据库对象的用户接口。标签的选择为用户提供对标签所表示的对象或者应用的单元的访问。标签组是用以提供应用的功能的、以一个单元工作的一组相关标签。可以定义新的标签和标签组,并且可以定制标签组的视图,使得终端用户能够容易和方便地在由所定义的标签和标签组表示的各种不同对象和应用单元之间进行切换。在一个方面,例如,标签和标签组可以作为在多应用环境(例如,基于web的随需主宿应用环境)中的多个应用之间切换的手段。
标签组一般包括姓名、标志和标签的排序表。通常例如使用在用户的计算机系统上运行的浏览器应用来在图形用户界面(GUI)环境中查看标签组。标准标签组的定义可以由主机系统(例如,MTS 16)来提供。标准标签组都是预定义标签组,例如,从提供确定最初为租户或用户提供怎样的标签、标签组和数据的能力(例如,模板能力)的源中导入。标准标签的一个实例是由salesforce.com网址通过其预订CRM服务所提供的。使用这些标准标签组,为用户提供对标准表格或诸如帐户、联系、引导和机会实体的实体的访问。作为另一实例,在salesforce.com服务中,用户能够创建定制实体以及标准实体的定制字段,并且用户能够创建包括表示定制实体和字段的标签的标签组。
用户可以创建定制标签注组和定制标签。较佳的是,只有网络管理员级别的用户基于他们所存储的许可被供给标签组创建功能。因此,用户可以定制他们的标签组的视图,包括所显示标签的顺序以及显示标签组中的哪一个标签。为了允许用户便于组织他们的标签,每个标签可按需出现在任何或所有标签组中的标签。较佳的是,任何用户能够编辑标签的组合和顺序,但是不能重新命名或者替代标志,标签组命名和标志选择较佳的仅仅只是管理员级别的功能。例如管理员可以创建新的标签组和定制现有的标签组。对于所有的标签组而言,管理员能够指定包括哪一个标签以及标签应该被显示的顺序。对于组织专用的标签组而言,管理员也能够指定名字并提供一任选标志。对于主机系统所提供的标准标签组-例如由salesforce.com所提供的诸如Saleforce(销售力)和Supportforce(支持力)标签组-而言,管理员被禁止修改名字或标志,管理员也不能删除标准标签组。较佳的是,任何用户都能够全部定制他们具有查看许可的所有标签组的视图。用户能够查看(和使用)标签是基于用户的许可级别。每个标签组的概况允许管理员级别的用户设置标签和标签组的概况级别可视性,例如,使得可限制一定许可级别上的用户组查看(和使用)一些标签或标签组,并由此也可限制其访问或查看受限标签或标签组所引用的一些对象和应用。
于是,在一个方面,标签组可以被认为是覆盖在现有概况级别标签可视性定义上的过滤器。管理员设置被包括在各个标签组过滤器中的默认标签,但是各个用户也可按需撤销它们-较佳地,他们唯一无法改变的标签组名字和标志。最后的结果是标签组可以相当精巧和灵活。标签组的特殊含义并没有任何强制;每个用户一般都能够根据他们的意愿来使用标签组。
创建和交换应用
在一个实施例中,用户具有创建、张贴和交换应用的能力。正如本文所使用的,在一个方面,应用是多租户数据库设置数据(例如,元数据)集合或者包,这些数据用于定义其数据模型、用户接口和业务逻辑。例如,用户可以定义标签组,该标签组逻辑地定义构成应用的元数据组。正如本文所使用的,“包”是元数据对象,引用在一个组织的应用中使用的元数据对象的集合。正如本文所使用的,“组织”可以是指多租户系统中的单个租户和/或多租户系统中的单个租户的元数据集合(应用数据和元数据)。
在一个实施例中,本发明通过允许用户精确地定义元数据“包”来提炼标签组的概念,其中元数据“包”包括构成应用的所有设置数据(例如,定制对象定义、页面布局定义、工作流规则等等)。包可以包括0、1或更多标签组。用户可以随后将这一包从一个“源”组织导出到与数据库系统中的任何租户无关联的“容器”组织中。所导出的包向应用目录注册或者列在应用目录之中。本文将创建和/或导出包的用户称为源用户或者导出用户。源用户能够选择在应用目录的公共部分列出包名字和应用。另一用户能够将包导入至单独的“目标”组织中,从而允许该组织独立于创建组织来使用应用。本文将查看和/或导入包的用户称之为查看用户或导入用户。
一旦选择包进行导入,服务器系统上的代码就从容器组织中提取元数据、选择适当的接收组织、从容器组织中读取元数据、以及将这些元数据写入到接收组织。任何相冲突的元数据(例如,对象或文件姓名)都可以例如通过导入用户终止或者重新命名接收组织的对象、字段等来解决。应该注意的是,导入过程较佳得不覆盖任何现有接收组织的字段。同样,导入用户能够卸载所导入的应用。
现在将讨论包创建过程以及导出和导入过程的实施例。
包的创建
在源组织中,源用户通过选择适当的设置数据(元数据)来创建包定义。这就定义了构成应用的设置数据集合。例如,源用户可以选择高级别的标签组(标签的集合)。随后,系统为包所包括的元数据自动地确定对象依存性。例如,在一个方面,系统自动地执行依存性探测过程(例如,通过对象模式“自动查找(spider)”并搜索对象的依存性的过程),从而确定需要使用标签组所提供的功能的所有相关对象。在一个方面,这进行两遍:首先从上往下,接着从下往上,以确定系统中对象之间的所有倒置关系并且这些关系可以由标签组来识别。另外或者替代地,源用户可以明确地指定在包中所包括的设置数据集。
在一个方面,下列项目中的一个或者多个(部分元数据)可以在包中包括:
1.标签组(这将复制由标签组定义所引用的所有)
2.定制对象
a.定制字段
b.关系(雇主的详情和查找方式)
c.选用表(picklist)值
d.页面布局
e.搜索布局
f.相关列表布局
g.公共列表布局
h.定制链接
i.与定制对象有关联的任何其它项目
3.定制标签定义
4.S控制,这在一个方面是执行定制用户界面和业务逻辑处理的JavaScript程序。包创建者可以指定在标签上或者在页面部分上运行的s控制,使得在用户导航到标签或页面时,应用服务器下载JavaScript以在浏览器上执行。API用于按需将数据保存回服务。
5.定制报告(为每个新的应用创建一个报告文件夹)
6.仪表盘
7.电子邮件模板
8.文档
9.概况包(包括适定制对象的FLS)(与要在稍后定义的概况相关联的许可数据包)
10.相关选用表
11.工作流规则
12.记录类型
其它可被复制的元数据项目可以包括:
1.标准对象的定制字段
2.邮件合并模板
3.业务处理
4.指派规则(一种工作流程形式)
5.自动响应规则(一种工作流程形式)
6.升级规则(一种工作流程形式)
7.大交易警报/机会提醒
8.自助服务入口设置
9.VLO特征,这在一个方面包括在一个公司或组织中的不同“部门”的定义。VLO特征允许应用根据部门来划分数据并从而限制报告和列表视图的范围。
10.授权管理设置
11.主页成分
图6显示了GUI屏幕的一个实例,它允许用户例如通过使用定点设备来选择“新的”来创建包、以及删除和编辑现有包、查看安装包的历史以及访问从其中安装包的目录。图7显示了所创建的包的GUI屏幕截图的一个示例,该截图显示了包括所包含项目的信息。用户可以使用这种屏幕来编辑、删除和发布包用户可以选择编辑包,例如,通过删除项目或编辑项目。例如,如果用户选择删除定制对象(或在包中包括的其它元数据),则系统就检测这一情况并且向用户发警报。如果用户希望继续进行,则随后从包移除元数据。用户下一次查看包项目,则所删除的项目将不存在。如果包已被导出,则在导出包中的元数据不受影响。这一特征提供了对元数据的备份,但是不提供对可能已被创建的任何记录的备份,尽管这些记录可以使用数据加载器或者Excel插件来保存。如果用户决定向包添加新的项目,则可提供可包含的项目的选择表格。任何项目都可以包含在多个包中。
当将一个应用(例如,标签组和/或其它元数据项目)添加到包中时,系统应该添加与该应用有关的所有定制项目。这包括定制标签、在标签背后的对象,以及与这些有关的任何定制对象。理想的是,依存性探测过程(例如,自动查找过程)也能够检测与构成所添加应用的任何标准标签有关的任何定制对象。即使这些标准对象可能并没有包含在包中,但是联接对象和其它相关对象都是嵌入在应用中的功能的一部分。一些对象依存性应该总是被包含。例如,在某些方面,在定制对象上的所有定制字段都采用定制对象来包含,以及所有页面布局都采用定制对象来包含。在某些方面,与列表布局(在标准对象上出现的)有关的定制对象也被自动包含。
一旦用户已经完成对包的定义,则包被验证,这可例如在用户指示包已经完成时通过系统自动进行,或者可响应于用户对请求的验证来进行,例如用户选择了GUI上的“验证”或类似按键。这就调用确保所有需要的设置数据都被包含在包定义中的自动查找过程。这在自用户第一次向包添加元数据起已经改变了该包中的元数据(例如,添加关系、另一个标签或者对象等等)的情况下是十分有用的。
在一个实施例中,按包中所包括的对象的一组主键将该包存储在数据库中。图8显示了根据一个实施例的项目数据模型定义和项目成员数据模型定义的一个示例。
包导出
在定义了包之后,源用户可以选择导出包。导出包使得它能够导入其它组织。在一个方面,当导出包时,源用户能够指定在应用已被导入其它组织之后是否允许该应用的定制。例如,在某些方面,在包定义中(由源用户)设置标记以指示对导出包的定制是否能够升级。在某些方面,(由源用户)设置标记来指示在包中的特殊成分/对象是否可全部被被更改。
在一个方面,通过系统自动创建例如“容器”类型的组织的一新的组织定义来实现导出,该包定义包括包中所有项目(元数据)的副本,其中包括未通过导出用户显式地包括在该包定义中的相关对象元数据的副本。在一个方面,该容器组织共享与所有其它组织相同的物理数据库(例如,Oracle数据库)模式。然而,容器组织能够驻留在不同的、分开的数据库中。此外,这类组织(org)较佳地在生效的情况下被标准期限和记帐进程所忽略。在某些方面,在数据库系统的环境存在多个数据库实例的情况下,则导出包被存储到数据库实例中的一个作为容器组织。容器组织可被复制成剩余数据库实例的一个或多个或者全部。多个数据库实例可以例如与不同地理区域相关联。例如,一个数据库实例可能是与欧洲(Ep)相关联,而另一个数据库实例可能是与北美(NA)相关联。采用这种方式,便于数据库实例的交错和独立的更新。例如,包的安装可以继续,因为在不同的实例中实现对数据库系统的释放/升级。例如,EP实例是在NA实例之前(例如,一周或两周之前)进行升级,而EP的包X的安装将从包X的EP实例复制副本开始进行。这就确保了从类似的版本开始安装。
当导出过程完成时,源用户接收到包括容器组织的唯一键的URL。知道URL的每一个人都能够访问所标识的“容器”组织中的包并且将其导入到他们自己的组织中,例如,与该包相关联的元数据被复制或者实例化为与该组织相关联的模式。源用户可以将URL发送给另一公司的另一用户,或者源用户可以将URL张贴在目录上,如以下将作更加详细的讨论的。
一旦导出了包之后,包在源组织中保持着开放,并且源用户能够继续改变它。然而,在容器组织中包的副本较佳的被锁定以防止对其进行其它变化。
源用户能够多次导出同一包,并创建多个容器组织。这允许源用户创建包如何随时间变化的版本历史。
在源用户创建包并向容器组织导出包之后,他们能够任选地创建具有组织类型“演示(demonstration)”的第二个新的组织对象。演示组织具有它自己的用户id和口令。任何知道id和口令的用户都能够登录演示组织并查看所导出的包。一旦登录之后,查看的用户就能够手动验证所需要的对象是否存在以及应用是否如期工作。如果导出用户指定样本数据应当被包括在导出包中,则查看的用户在登录演示组织时就看到样本数据或者他们能够将他们自己的样本数据直接添加到演示组织中。在一个方面,源用户必须在将包张贴在公共目录之前为其包创建演示组织。这就确保了用户在选择下载或导入包之前浏览目录的用户有“试用”该应用的空间。例如,包可以包括web综合链接(WIL)-这对于检查演示组织中的WIL以确保WIL所使用的服务都可信是十分有用的。
一旦已经为包创建了演示组织之后,源用户能够向集中式公共目录“发布”包。一旦进行发布,系统通过向目录服务发送消息通知该中心目录来包括包。在某些方面,此消息包含允许用户从公共目录导航回到容器组织并且导入它的URL。在某些方面,此消息还包含演示组织的URL。这允许用户浏览公共目录以“立即试用它(try it now)”-他们能够登录演示组织并且彻底检查功能。在某些方面,信息包含有关包的表述性数据(例如,名字、描述,等等)和包括在包中的对象列表。目录使用这一信息向找寻要导入的包而浏览目录的用户提供详细的信息。以下将讨论关于公共目录的其它细节。
包导入
为了将包导入和安装在一组织中,导入用户通过目录或者经由来自源用户的消息导航至由包导出过程所产生的URL。此URL包含标识特定导出应用和包的唯一键(unique key)。导入用户可能已通过浏览公共目录发现此URL,或者导出用户可以简单地将URL用电子邮件发送至该用户。当导入用户点击URL时,他们就能够访问、查看和导入该包。
在一个方面,安装是多步骤过程,并且在安装导向中执行一个或多个步骤。例如,在一个方面,步骤包括为用户提供包内容的显示以检查和确认需要安装它们、配置安装组织中现有概况的安全、导入包内容,以及将应用部署到预期用户。导入用户也可以选择在安装包中的定制任何项目。
在某些方面,在数据导入和安装的过程中可能需要执行或者可进行下列步骤的某些或全部:
通过导入UseID(用户ID)和口令来登录接收组织。这是要导入包的接收组织的用户id。
可选择的是,导出者可以具有口令保护包。如果这是一种情况,导入用户在他们能够导入包之前必须导入包口令(这是一个不同于登录接收组织所需要的用户口令的口令)。
如果在包中的对象名与在接收组织中的设置数据相冲突,则导入过程就会失败。导入用户可以改变接收组织中相冲突对象的对象名并且重新启动安装过程。
在导入过程中,锁定接收组织以便于防止不相一致的元数据更新。
导入过程进行核对以便于确保导入用户具有适当的组织许可来导入包。
要求导入用户定义从包中的源组织专用引用到适合于接收组织的值的映射。例如,可以提示导入用户指定用户id、概况或者角色。
设置数据以“发展(development)”模式被复制到接收组织中。这就允许导入用户在将应用部署到接收组织中的用户之前正确验证应用的功能。
导入过程针对恶意功能扫描包。例如,它可以对将数据张贴到第三方网站的任何web综合链接(WIL)进行检查。
如果在包定义被指定,则导入用户在其被导入之后就不能改变包中的任何设置数据。例如,如果在包定义被指定,则导入用户在其被导入之后就不能向定制对象添加或者从其移除字段。这是通过定制对象编辑屏幕功能在允许对接收组织中的对象进行任何编辑之前检查包定义表来实现的。
导入用户能够任选地“卸载”包。这能够实现,因为系统保持跟踪哪一个元数据对象属于包(例如,通过包数据库模式)。
在某些方面,包可以被升级。例如,如果发布者/导出用户改变源包,则导入用户可以选择将由发布者所作出的改变拉入(pull into)他们组织,同时保持订户自第一次导入包起已创建的任何数据行。根据某些方面,可以在包定义重设置一个或多个标记以便于确定是否和在怎样范围对包进行定制和升级。在一个方面,提供“可管理(manageable)”字段以便于标识特定对象的定制是否有待升级。例如,如果包或包中的对象被标记为受管理,则允许用户定制包或者对象,并且这些定制在升级包时将不会被改变。在另一方面,提供“控制(control)”字段以便于标识对象是否可通过发布者和/或订户来更改。在另一方面,提供“不可改变(immutable)”字段以便于标识对象是否能够或者不能够被任何人更改。例如,源用户能够设置不可改变标记,使得没有人能够在包已被发布之后更改该包。执行对这些字段中的各个字段的核对的升级过程(如果存在),它用以确定在升级时维持定制的范围。
应用目录
本发明还提供了应用的中心目录;源用户能够在中心目录中注册包。在一方面,中心目录包括:公共部分,包括预期为任何人所用的发布包;以及私有部分,包括非旨在一般使用包(例如,旨在为由源用户所选择的导入用户所用的包)。目录允许其他用户浏览所发布的应用并且选择他们希望向其组织安装的那个包。在一个方面,通过类别分层结构来组织中心目录,从而允许用户通过对感兴趣的应用的类型进行分类来搜寻和浏览。在一个方面,目录允许用户登录“立即试用它”-在他们将包安装在其组织之前他们能够查找包含该包的演示组织。在另一方面,目录提供自动批准过程,该过程确保确认提交在它们出现在公共目录之前是可以接受的。在另一方面,目录包括评级系统,该系统允许应用的用户对应用的效用和质量进行投票。这种投票出现在其它用户能够看到的公共目录中。
在某些方面,使用JSP页面、JSTL、JSP标签库、JSP标签和Java类来构建目录。在一个方面,目录所使用的数据存储在一个或多个目录管理者所管理的组织对象中。应用的源用户可以使用目录来导入和维持每个应用的DirectoryEntry(目录条目)中所保持的描述信息。目录条目具有相关联的状态字段并且只将具有“已发布(published)”或“公共(public)”状态的应用呈递给访问者。“预览(preview)”状态允许源用户和目录管理员在应用变成为公共之前将在web上出现的结果。在一个方面,根据解决方案类别的应用的显示基于值的类别选用表动态地呈现。通过使用多个选用表来用其所属的类别对应用作标签。新的值可以在任何时间被添加到选用表中和类别标注以创建新的类别。
角色和发布模型
除了访问者浏览网址之外,几乎所有其它目录网址的用户都应该要求用户登录或者具有有效的会话id。这些用户都可以采用不同的角色并且可以具有用以根据这些角色来执行动作的不同许可。例如,三个基本角色可能包含开发者、发布者和导入者。
开发者应该能够通过创建发布者角色和编辑许可来将发布应用的责任移交给另一可信的人。发布者(这默认为是开发者自身)可被准许创建描述应用的原始目录条目、以稍后加以更改、添加其他发布者进行协助、或者甚至于从目录中移除该目录。正如本文所使用的,源用户可以是开发者和发布者中的一个或者两者。
个人登录目录的用户id用于确定用户所具有关于每个应用的角色和权限。用户并非实际访问其中保持目录的组织。然而,用户id用于唯一标识用户并在需要的时候从他们自己的组织中检索信息。
开发者是应用的原始创建者并且其包经过设置导向。在导向中的一个(任选的)步骤是提交在目录中发布的应用。此后,开发者可以亲自导入信息或者指定其他人来作为目录条目的发布者和维护者。给定目录条目的发布者是负责导入和维护关于目录中的应用的描述信息的用户。每个应用的目录条目都具有指派的发布者的集合以及由原始提交者所赋予的许可。这些许可赋予了编辑字段、改变状态、从目录中移除应用或甚至添加其他人作为发布者(例如,具有相同或者较少许可)的权限。导入者是任何导入的用户,例如,一个组织的系统管理员或租户,他们能够启动应用的导入过程以部署在他们自己的组织中。在导入过程中,在数据库系统中创建一记录,该记录显示了什么组织导入哪些应用和由谁导入的。这可以用于显示该应用如何受欢迎,以及是否期望将评论以及评价仅限于安装了该应用的组织的用户。个人可以不同的时间参与多种角色;即,用户可以是一个应用的开发者和另一个的导入用户。
目录信息的核实
发布者创建应用的目录条目、诸如描述、缩略图、屏幕截图的导入相关联信息和其他信息。在变成公共之前,发布者可以任何时间预览这些信息。当信息准备公开以可用于查看时,发布者将状态改变成“已提交”。在一个方面,这通过能够请求进一步信息的目录管理员启动对应用的核实。一旦应用已经完成了核实,则目录管理员就将它的状态改变为“公共”。这使得在目录中的应用可用于公共查看。取决于商务过程,公共状态还可由发布者锁定对其进行任何其他改变。在这种情况下,如果发布者需要在进行公开之后更新目录条目,则可向目录管理员提交请求以移除公共查看,例如,通过将状态改变回到新的。如果希望允许发布者在没有请求改变的许可和另一轮核实的情况下更改条目,则目录条目中的已更改标记能够用于简单地标识公共条目已被改变。
通过用户评级和评论的声誉管理
在一个方面,给予访问者其他人关于每个应用如何考虑的概念,并提供评论形式的个人评估。在一个方面,仅实际安装了应用的组织的用户才可以提供评论和/或评级。可例如通过查阅由启动应用安装的系统管理员所创建的导入记录来演绎这种权利。
然而,为了使评级保持诚实地反映团体如何对应用的评级,就需要通过作出多个标注来防止用户把系统当作消遣。在任何情况下,用户都能够对应用最初被评级的等级进行改变。在一个方面,这是通过将评级系统作为一个需要投票的系统来处理;各个用户对与应用相关联的五个可能的星级之一投下一票,并且每个应用保持可能的等级的每一个的投票点数。随后,对于确定每个应用的平均等级变得很琐碎,并且也产生有关投票的更多信息柱状图。用户可以任意时间改变他们的投票,但是不管他们作出评级花费了多少时间,他们只能对一个应用投一次票。为每个用户保持他们关于其已进行评级或作出评论的应用的当前评级的记录。
目录数据模型
图3显示了根据一个实施例的应用的目录的数据模型。如图所示,根据此实施例的目录数据模型(Directory data model)包括5个主要对象:DirectoryEntry(目录条目)、CategoryPage(类别页面)、Publisher(发布者)、Import(导入)和UserReview(用户核实)。
DirectoryEntry(目录条目)对象保持与为公布所提交的每个单独应用有关的信息。信息在应用提交或者更改的过程中通过网站写入这一表格中,并且可通过适当的内部目录辅助人员进行核实和更改。图4显示了根据一个实施例的DirectoryEntry对象和其它对象的定义。
与在DirectoryEntry对象中的各个条目有关是指示目录记录的状态的状态字段。这些值允许将外部导入和编辑功能与核实和预览的内部过程相耦合。状态值可以包括:
·新的:仅仅只用少量信息首先创建;
·提交:在发布之前准备内部核实的条目
·预览:允许内部网站提供商人员预览在站点的上下文中的信息;
·发布:可以发布的,准备用于公共查看;
·不活动:在目录中不再可视(已删除)。
在状态改变成公共时,例如通过Email通知应用的开发者和其他发布者,并且设置公共日期字段或者变量。
根据一个方面,各个条目都与表示将在其下列出应用的解决方案类别的多选选用表字段有关。目录动态地适用于类别,使得它们能够任何时间添加。为了可读性,在一个方面,选用表的值将类别和/或子类别编码到各个名字。
关于等级(例如,1-5星)的总的用户投票被存储于字段中,从该字段中可以计算平均值。同样,系统能够确定和显示各个应用的等级,例如,计算有多少个应用被评级为1星、2星等。
CategoryPage(类别页面)对象用于执行驱动目录的类别页面的动态产生的类别分层结构。该对象将页面的标题以及要显示的若干应用的列表保持为页面上的特征选择。
Publisher(发布者)对象保持负责创建和维护应用的目录条目以及他们的编辑许可的用户(例如,源用户)的用户id。许可等级的示例包括:
·编辑:赋予某些人编辑DirectoryEntry中的可更改字段的权限
·删除:赋予用户删除DirectoryEntry的权限
·添加用户:赋予用户添加具有相同或更多限制的权限的附加用户的权限在一个方面,从多到少的许可等级的排序是删除、添加用户、编辑。
Import(导入)对象作为已经发起将什么应用导入到任何特定组织中的记录。该对象保持DirectoryEntry的id(或者包id)、导入应用的系统管理员、系统管理员的组织关系、以及导入日期。该对象允许基于导入的数量对应用进行排列,并且可按需用于将用户限于仅对已经导入到他们自己组织中的那些应用进行评论和评级。
UserReview(用户核实)对象保持由特定应用条目的指定用户所作的评论和评级。对能够对应用添加注释和评级的用户强制一些限制,例如,仅允许经认证用户或仅对已导入该应用的组织中的那些用户进行限制。实现并不一定需要具有任何这类限制。
使用CategoryPage(类别页面)对象实现类别
针对目录的十分有用的用户需要是能够通过解决方案类别来查看应用的列表。任何应用可以任何数量的类别来呈现,并且类别较佳的是嵌套的。此外,为了允许诸如按商务大小或市场部分的数据的其它视图,就希望能够根据不同的类别方案来列出应用。
根据一个方面,类别作为的应用的标签被分配到(来自多选选用表)每个应用的条目。可以用以指示哪些类别要被应用到应用的一组复选框的形式来向准备应用的目录条目的用户呈现当前类别方案。该系统将所需的选用表的值分配给应用的目录条目。
为了使得目录管理员能够容易地手动形成条目和运行显示哪些应用处于哪些类别的报告,在一个方面,各个应用目录包括包含可用类别的多选选用表的类别字段。为了便于可读,表示子类别的选用表的值应该显示到子类别的路径,即,“消费者+游戏”值将暗示应用存在于消费者类别下的子类别游戏中。多个值将应用放置在多个类别之中。
因为类别及其它们的分层结构是为了生成类别页面的目的而创建的,所以特定类别分层结构的的分层表示使用一组CategoryPage对象。在一个方面,CategoryPage对象是对应于每个类别和/或子类别可用而存在。CategoryPage对象通过指定结点自身的类别以及其的父结点的类别的字段来链接在一起以形成树。根结点由CategoryPage所表示,它不具有父亲(诸如参见图5)。树的遍历是通过查询来完成的。例如,为了发现称之为所有解决方案(All-Solution)的特定分层结构的上级类别的标示,查询可类似于:
select Label from CategoryPage_c where ParentNode_c=′All-Solutions′.
在一个方面,显示结点也承载由JSP页面所使用的附加信息以再现落在指定类别中的应用的列表。这一附加信息包括用于维护相关联应用的计数、页面标题的标示、页面主体文字以及赋予页面特性的应用。
总言之,支持用户功能的目录可以包括:
对于访问者(查看和导入用户):
·查看按业务区域(类别)、作者、提交日期、评级或者其它标准过滤和排序的应用列表
·查看全部应用描述(详细的页面)
·查看全部应用规范/概况(例如,对象的#、对象名、web综合链接(WIL)等等)
·查看应用的合计用户评级
·根据业务区域或全部来查看“突出”的应用
·查看排位最高的应用
·查看最普及的应用
·提交/改变各个应用的评级(任选的限制)
·张贴与各个应用相关联的评论(任选的限制)
·试用专用演示组织中的应用
·将应用导入到他们自己的组织中
对于开发者(导出用户):
·查看开发者所开发的应用包
·提交用于发布的应用以及相关联的描述信息
·从目录中移除应用
·编辑/更新应用描述
·当应用通过提供者的核实被批准时接收电子邮件通知
·将对应用的管理和发布的责任授权给其他用户
·将与应用相关联的图像、pdf和其它文档作为DirectoryEntry的附件上传
其它
在一个替代的实施例中,不是在数据库模式中使用新类型的组织(例如,容器组织)来存储所导出的包,而是所导出的包作为数据库中二进制大对象(例如,Oracle db)或者平面文件格式存储的文本或二进制数据来实现。然而,升级脚本可能不能相对于平面文件很好地工作。因此,在一个实施例中,包作为数据库系统(例如,salesforce.com服务)中的单独的“隐含”组织来实现。这就有利于允许释放升级脚本以升级这些导出组织。
在一个方面,执行对指向包括在包中的所有设置数据上的唯一的包id的外键的存储来替代存储包括包中所有对象的主键的包表。然而,包表方法是较佳的,因为它使得更有效地快速确定在运行时间哪个对象被包括在包中,以区分所安装的包与基本系统或者在所安装的包之间进行区分。例如,在定制的象编辑屏幕中,所导入的定制对象仅可读取而不能更改,而所有其它定制对象(不是导入的)可被更改。
虽然本发明已作为示例并根据一些特定实施例进行了描述,但是应该理解,本发明并不限于所公开的实施例。相反,本发明旨在覆盖对于本领域技术人员显而易见的各种更改和布置的结构。因此,所附权利要求书的范围应该是符合最宽泛的解释,从而包含所有这类改进和类似布置。
Claims (67)
1.一种在多租户数据库环境中共享应用的方法,所述多租户数据库环境包括存储多个组织的数据和对象的多租户数据库,所述方法包括:
创建引用与第一组织相关联的一个或多个元数据对象的集合的包封元数据对象;
将所述包封元数据对象存储于数据库系统中;以及
允许第二组织中的用户访问所述包封元数据对象。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括验证所述包封元数据对象。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述验证包括确定所述包封元数据对象中所引用的所述一个或多个元数据对象的集合的对象依存性。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述允许访问包封元数据对象包括向所述第二组织中的用户发送链接,其中对所述链接的选择提供对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述创建包括接收用户在与所述第一组织相关联的多个元数据对象中对一个或者多个元数据对象的选择。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述一个或者多个元数据对象包括所述第一组织可使用的一个或多个定制对象。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包封元数据对象是作为所述包封元数据对象中所引用的对象的主键集合而存储在所述数据库系统中。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述创建包括:
接收用户对与所述第一组织相关联的元数据对象的选择;
确定对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的对象;以及
在所述包封元数据对象中为所选择的对象以及为被确定为对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的任何对象创建引用。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述存储包括将对所述包封元数据对象的引用作为与所述第一组织不相关联的单独组织的对象存储在目录中。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述允许访问包封元数据对象包括提供到所存储的包封元数据对象的链接,其中对所述链接的选择提供对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,基于所述第二组织中的用户对所述链接的选择,所述包封元数据对象被实例化成与所述第二组织相关联的数据库模式。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括创建所述包封元数据对象的演示副本。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述演示包封包括样本数据。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
接收对所述多租户数据库的容器组织的更新;以及
将所述更新同时应用到所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将包封元数据对象存储于数据库系统中包括:
使用物理存储机制和用于所述多租户数据库系统中的所有其他组织的模式来存储所述包封元数据对象,以确保对于所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者皆可升级容器组织。
16.一种包含可由客户机设备中的处理器执行以在存储了多个组织的数据和对象的多租户数据库环境中共享应用的代码的计算机可读介质,所述代码用以执行以下的指令:
创建引用与第一组织相关联的一个或多个元数据对象的集合的包封元数据对象;
将所述包封元数据对象存储到数据库系统;以及
允许第二组织中的用户访问所述包封元数据对象。
17.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述代码还包括用以验证所述包封元数据对象的指令。
18.如权利要求17所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以验证的指令包括用以确定在所述包封元数据对象中所引用的所述一个或多个元数据对象的集合的对象依存性的指令。
19.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以创建的指令包括用以接收用户在与所述第一组织相关联的多个元数据对象中对一个或多个元数据对象的选择的指令。
20.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述一个或多个元数据对象包括可由所述第一组织使用的一个或多个定制对象。
21.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以允许访问的指令包括用以向所述第二组织中的用户发送链接的指令,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
22.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述包封元数据对象是作为所述包封元数据对象中所引用的对象的主键集合而存储在所述数据库系统中。
23.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以创建的指令包括用以执行以下的指令:
接收用户对与所述第一组织相关联的元数据对象的选择;
确定对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的对象;以及
在所述包封元数据对象中为所选择的对象以及为被确定为对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的任何对象创建引用。
24.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以存储的指令包括用以将对所述包封元数据对象的引用作为与所述第一组织不相关联的单独组织的对象存储在目录中的指令。
25.如权利要求24所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以允许访问的指令包括用以提供到所存储的包封元数据对象的链接的指令,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
26.如权利要求25所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,还包括用以执行以下的指令:一旦所述第二组织中的用户选择了所述链接,就将所述包封元数据对象实例化成与所述第二组织相关联的数据库模式。
27.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,还包括用以创建所述包封元数据对象的演示副本的指令。
28.如权利要求27所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述演示包封包括样本数据。
29.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,还包括用以执行以下的指令:
接收对所述多租户数据库的容器组织的更新;以及
将所述更新同时应用到所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者。
30.如权利要求16所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述用以存储的指令包括用以执行以下的指令:使用物理存储机制和用于所述多租户数据库系统中的所有其他组织的模式来存储所述包封元数据对象,以确保对于所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者皆可升级容器组织。
31.一种计算机系统,包括:
数据库系统,用于存储多个组织的数据和对象;
网络互连;以及
具有处理器的客户机设备,其中所述处理器执行逻辑,所述逻辑可用于控制所述数据库系统以:
将包封元数据对象存储到所述数据库系统,其中所述包封元数据对象引用与第一组织相关联的一个或多个元数据对象的集合;以及
允许第二组织中的用户访问所述包封元数据对象。
32.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述逻辑还可用于验证所述包封元数据对象。
33.如权利要求32所述的系统,其特征在于,所述用以验证的逻辑包括用以确定所述包封元数据对象中所引用的所述一个或多个元数据对象的集合的对象依存性的逻辑。
34.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述用以允许访问的逻辑包括向所述第二组织中的用户发送链接的逻辑,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
35.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述用以存储的逻辑包括用以接收用户在与所述第一组织相关联的多个元数据对象中对一个或多个元数据对象的选择的逻辑。
36.如权利要求35所述的系统,其特征在于,所述一个或者多个元数据对象包括可由所述第一组织使用的一个或多个定制对象。
37.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述包封元数据对象是作为所述包封元数据对象中所引用的对象的主键集合而存储在所述数据库系统中。
38.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,还进一步包括可用于完成下列操作的逻辑:
接收用户对与所述第一组织相关联的元数据对象的选择;
确定对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的对象;以及
在所述包封元数据对象中为所选择的对象以及为被确定为对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的任何对象创建引用。
39.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述用以存储的逻辑包括用以执行以下的逻辑:将对所述包封元数据对象的引用作为与所述第一组织不相关联的单独组织的对象存储在目录中。
40.如权利要求39所述的系统,其特征在于,所述用以允许访问的逻辑包括提供到所存储的包封元数据对象的链接的逻辑,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
41.如权利要求40所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括用以执行以下的逻辑:一旦所述第二组织中的用户选择了所述链接,就将所述包封元数据对象实例化成与所述第二组织相关联的数据库模式。
42.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括用以创建所述包封元数据对象的演示副本的逻辑。
43.如权利要求42所述的系统,其特征在于,所述演示包封包括样本数据。
44.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括用以执行以下的逻辑:
接收对所述多租户数据库的容器组织的更新;以及
将所述更新同时应用到所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者。
45.如权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述用以存储的逻辑包括用以执行以下的逻辑:使用物理存储机制和用于所述多租户数据库系统中的所有其他组织的模式来存储所述包封元数据对象,以确保对于所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者皆可升级容器组织。
46.一种用于通过机器可访问传输介质来传送用以在包括多租户数据库的多租户数据库环境中共享应用的代码的方法,所述方法包括:
传送使得一个或多个处理器创建引用与第一组织相关联的一个或多个元数据对象的集合的包封元数据对象的代码;
传送使得一个或多个处理器将所述包封元数据对象存储到数据库系统中的代码;以及
传送使得一个或多个处理器允许第二组织中的用户访问所述包封元数据对象的代码。
47.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括传送使得一个或多个处理器验证所述包封元数据对象的代码。
48.如权利要求47所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以验证的代码包括用以确定在所述包封元数据对象中所引用的所述一个或多个元数据对象的集合的对象依存性的代码。
49.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以创建的代码包括用以接收用户在与所述第一组织相关联的多个元数据对象中对一个或多个元数据对象的选择的代码。
50.如权利要求49所述的方法,其特征在于,所述一个或者多个元数据对象包括可由所述第一组织使用的一个或多个定制对象。
51.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以允许访问的代码包括用于向所述第二组织中的用户发送链接的代码,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
52.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包封元数据对象是作为所述包封元数据对象中所引用的对象的主键集合而存储在所述数据库系统中。
53.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以创建的代码包括用以执行以下的代码:
接收用户对与所述第一组织相关联的元数据对象的选择;
确定对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的对象;以及
在所述包封元数据对象中为所选择的对象以及为被确定为对所选择的元数据对象具有依存性的任何对象创建引用。
54.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以存储的代码包括用以将对所述包封元数据对象的引用作为与所述第一组织不相关联的单独组织的对象存储在目录中的代码。
55.如权利要求54所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以允许访问的代码包括用以提供到所存储的包封元数据对象的链接的代码,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封元数据对象的访问。
56.如权利要求55所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括传送一旦所述第二组织中的用户选择了所述链接就将所述包封元数据对象实例化成与所述第二组织相关联的数据库模式的代码。
57.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括传送创建所述包封元数据对象的演示副本的代码。
58.如权利要求57所述的方法,其特征在于,所述演示包封包括样本数据。
59.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括传送使得一个或多个处理器执行以下的代码:
接收对所述多租户数据库的容器组织的更新;以及
将所述更新同时应用到所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者。
60.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用以存储的代码包括用以执行以下的代码:使用物理存储机制和用于所述多租户数据库系统中的所有其他组织的模式来存储所述包封元数据对象,以确保对于所述多租户数据库中的所述包封和所有其他组织两者皆可升级容器组织。
61.一种在包括多租户数据库的多租户包封环境中共享应用的方法,所述多租户数据库存储多个组织的数据和对象,所述方法包括:
创建包括对象和依存于所述对象的一个或多个对象的集合的包封,其中所述对象和依存对象与第一组织相关联;
将所述包封存储在数据库系统中;以及
允许第二组织中的用户访问所述包封。
62.如权利要求61所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括验证所述包封元数据。
63.如权利要求62所述的方法,其特征在于,所述验证包括确定所述包封元数据对象中的所述一个或多个对象的集合的对象依存性。
64.如权利要求61所述的方法,其特征在于,所述创建包括接收用户在与所述第一组织相关联的多个对象中对所述对象的选择。
65.如权利要求65所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多个对象包括可由所述第一组织使用的一个或多个定制对象。
66.如权利要求61所述的方法,其特征在于,所述创建包括:
接收用户对与所述第一组织相关联的所述对象的选择;以及
自动地确定对所选择的对象具有依存性的对象。
67.如权利要求61所述的方法,其特征在于,所述允许访问包封包括提供到所存储的包封的链接,其中对所述链接的选择提供了对所存储的包封中的所述对象的访问。
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