CN101257615A - User VCR operation method and stream medium distributing based on video dividing technique - Google Patents
User VCR operation method and stream medium distributing based on video dividing technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to network stream media technical field, particularly a video partition technology based stream media distributing mode and user VCR operation. The stream media distributing mode and user VCR operation (comprising play, pause, interim, speedup and fast backward etc.) dependent on the video partition technology comprises the following two parts contents: one is changing traditional video distributing mode with video frame as unit; two is providing new speedup and fast backward operation, no longer the modes of simple 2X, 4X or 8X etc., but according to the result of video partition, providing new speedup and fast backward operation based on camera and scene, which is convenient for the use of user greatly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the network flow-medium technical field, be specifically related to the distribution of Streaming Media and user's VCR method of operation.
Background technology
Be accompanied by development of internet technology and universal, the resource on the network is more and more abundanter, and they are changing people's life style, and network flow-medium is exactly one of them important aspect.Under traditional pattern, people watch that video frequency program depends on pushing of TV station, are a kind of passive patterns of watching; And network flow-medium allows the autonomous selection program of user, and provides operations such as F.F., rewind down (being the VCR operation) to satisfy user's demand.But there are two subject matters in system now: the one, and, no matter the burden of too much VCR operation will increasing the weight of system is traditional server---client mode, or the ad hoc mode of current trend; On the other hand, VCR operation now just provides 2 times of speed simply, 4 times of speed or 8 times of operator schemes such as speed, and this allows the user be difficult to find rapidly their interested part.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose does not a kind ofly increase system burden, and allows the user find the Streaming Media ways of distribution and the user VCR operation method of programs of interest rapidly.
Streaming Media ways of distribution that the present invention proposes and user VCR operation, at first use video dividing technique that video data is carried out preliminary treatment, distribution that the camera lens that obtains and scene segmentation result are used for Streaming Media and user's VCR operation are with the burden of mitigation system and satisfy user's demand.The framework of system as shown in Figure 1.
Video dividing technique is basis of the present invention, and its flow process as shown in Figure 2.Video is made up of according to hierarchical structure from low to high frame, camera lens and scene.Frame is a least unit of forming video, and it is the unit that traditional distribution of media and user carry out VCR operation (comprise broadcast, stop, fixing tentatively, F.F. and rewind down etc.).For general video data, their speed is 25-30 frame per second, so the quantity of frame is very huge, has increased the processing pressure of system.Camera lens is made up of the successive frame in the camera action (as ON/OFF), and it has comprised consistent background or the specific activity of object.Cut apart in the module at camera lens, the present invention adopts general-purpose algorithm
[1], at first calculate the 192 dimension histograms of each frame in HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) color space, obtain their average and variance then, when surpassing a certain threshold value, judge to have a camera lens.In system, we represent camera lens with key frame, and are the unit organization video with camera lens, and we have reduced the computation burden of system when keeping video information like this.Scene is made up of one group of semantic relevant camera lens, and it is the semantic primitive in the video structure.Therefore, based on cutting apart of scene, will provide understanding for the user based on video semanteme.Cut apart in the module in scene, the present invention is according to the algorithm that has proposed
[2], at first utilize the theory of manifold learning, to excavate the architectural feature of video automatically, but not rely on the priori of some video structure, this has guaranteed that algorithm all has good performance on various types of videos.Then, according to the video structure feature that has obtained, utilize the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method dynamically to carry out analog sampling, the maximum a posteriori probability of seeking scene boundary distributes, and finishes cutting apart automatically of scene.By of the preliminary treatment of above two steps to video data, just can obtain the result that camera lens and scene are cut apart, they provide the understanding to the video data different levels, will greatly make things convenient for the distribution of Streaming Media and user's operation.The result of table 1 has reflected the time response of video data different levels structures.
System topological of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, the function that various piece is finished is as follows:
Backbone network: Backbone network 15 is realized the interconnection of network between Access Network.The bandwidth that Access Network inserts backbone network is expensive, if video server is arranged in backbone network, even server bandwidth satisfies, the access bandwidth of Access Network access bandwidth also can become bottleneck.
Sub-district premises network: insert backbone network by gateway router 16.The user has higher access bandwidth---10/100M in the Access Network, and terminal number is about 2000～10000.
Media server: media server 17 has the hard drive space and the higher processing speed of magnanimity, has all video resources, comprises VoD video and IPTV source.When adding new video resource, need carry out preliminary treatment as described before to video.In service process, also to handle all users' video request, preserve the video content index of whole system, inform that each requesting users obtains the mode of resource.
User node: the following user of Edge Server saves 18 working methods that adopt P2P, and program source is provided by media server.Each adopts the node of P2P working method all will provide its upstream bandwidth, sending needed other nodes in the own buffering area to.
The implementation method of stream media system P2P ways of distribution and VCR operation is as follows:
(1) whole system is preserved video resource on the media server when initial phase, and carries out preliminary treatment.So-called preliminary treatment utilizes above-mentioned scene, shot segmentation technique at server end video to be handled exactly, obtain the border of scene and camera lens, extract the key frame of scene and camera lens, be kept at separately in the key frame file, this file is little more a lot of than source file.The structure of this key frame file is to preserve the key frame of each scene according to the playing sequence of film, and the key frame correspondence of each scene and several camera lenses.Streaming Media VCR distribution is different with traditional ways of distribution, not only wants the transmission of video source file, also will be distributed to user's key frame file.
(2) when new user's adding system prepares to watch, at first send video request to server, this request comprises the numbering of the video of asking.Server responds this request, confirms that the node that comprises this required video normal play file and key frame file exists.Have the file of this video if any other user nodes, notice has node the scene index part in normal play Documents Department piecemeal or the key frame file is sent to requesting node.Having node can be that individual node also can be a plurality of nodes, but needs to guarantee not send the piece of repetition.As not having other user nodes to comprise these pieces, server directly provides service to the request user.
(3) after the user is connected into system, system provides unique operation interface, and it also comprises based on the direct visit of scene key frame with based on the skip forward/back of camera lens key frame and browsing except VCR mode of operation such as comprise traditional broadcast, suspend, stop.Aforesaid operations all is based upon on the pretreated basis of video.Guidance panel is provided with the scene index of this section video, click the call number of a certain scene, can see the representative frame of this scene, content according to representative frame, the user can determine whether continue to watch program from this scene, if lose interest in, then can continue in the scene index list, to select.Because scene is the semantic primitive of video, so it can help the user to seek to make their interested part in the video quickly.The skip forward/back operation that system provides based on camera lens, make things convenient for the user in a certain scene, to find interested part quickly, because in pretreated process, scene is to be represented by some two field pictures, therefore the user only need click several times F.F. or fast backward button, just can browse fast in a scene.Because scene and camera lens all belong to the higher structure of video, so the index file data volume that is made of them is little, can be accompanied by the machine that initial video flowing is written into client this locality, have greatly alleviated the burden of network in user-friendly.
(4) behind the scene index part of user in obtaining the key frame file, can in player, show the key frame of each scene, according to watching interest can select to skip to some scene.At this moment the user can produce the new request of reading, and sends to server end.Server responds this request, confirms that the node that comprises this required video normal play file exists.Have the file of this video if any other user nodes, notice has node the required part piece of normal play file is sent to requesting node.As not having other user nodes to comprise these pieces, server directly provides service to the request user.
(5) watching in the process as the user, when using the skip forward/back function based on camera lens, server responds this request, confirms that the node that comprises this required key frame of video blocks of files exists.Have the key frame blocks of files of this video if any other user nodes, notice has node the required part piece of key frame file is sent to requesting node.As not having other user nodes to comprise these pieces, server directly provides service to the request user.
Among the present invention, the mode of client normal play video and key frame file as shown in Figure 5, it comprises two kinds of caching mechanisms, camera lens key frame buffer memory (SKF) and normal play buffer memory (NPB).During file in playing the normal play buffer memory, broadcast will be play according to normal speed; When playing the file in the camera lens key frame buffer memory, if when the F.F. of camera lens key frame or fast reverse operation, will be according to realizing that the broadcasting speed that sets browse, 2 frame/seconds (as shown in Figure 6) for example.The video index file also is kept in the camera lens key frame buffer memory, and the key frame preview of scene and the index information of redirect are provided.
Traditional VCR skip forward/back mode is just play forward or backward fast according to the speed that presets, and this operation can produce relatively large network traffics in stream media system, and server need send the flow big customer end times over normal play.Generally can adopt now the VCR broadcast mode that stepping/step moves back,, will reduce the flow between the server and client side so greatly according to certain playback rate frame-skipping displaying video.If but this speed is excessive, can cause the user to reduce for the level of understanding of the video of browsing, can't its needed scene of fine selection; If speed is low excessively, still can cause the great burden of network and the computing capability expense of server.Employing is based on the skip forward/back of camera lens key frame, can guarantee that the user obtains the lower load of network under the going and finding out what's going on of video main contents by browsing key frame.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system framework figure.
Fig. 2 is cut apart flow chart for video.
Fig. 3 is the system architecture topological diagram.
Fig. 4 is the P2P ways of distribution of the VCR operation of Streaming Media.
Fig. 5 is a cache management.
Fig. 6 is the handling process of key frame.
Number in the figure: 1 is server node, 2 is distributing network, 3 is client node, 4 is video source, 5 are the video after cutting apart, 6 is the key frame file, 7 is point-to-point ways of distribution, 8 are the father node selection, 9 is media player, 10 is media server, 11 is video flowing, 12 cut apart module for camera lens, this module is carried out camera lens by the color histogram in the hsv color space relatively and is cut apart, and 13 is the scene structure analysis module, utilizes the manifold learning theory, carrying out scene structure calculates, 14 cut apart module for scene, utilize the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to carry out scene and cut apart, and 15 is backbone network, 16 is the sub-district gateway router, 17 is media server, and 18 is the community user node, and 19 is server, 20 is node A, 21 is Node B, and 22 is node C, and 23 is the video source file on the server, 24 is the key frame file on the server, 25 is the normal play buffer memory on the node A, and 26 is the key frame broadcast buffer memory on the node A, and 27 is the normal play buffer memory on the Node B, 28 is the key frame broadcast buffer memory on the Node B, 29 is the normal play buffer memory on the node C, and 30 is that key frame on the node C is play buffer memory, and 31 send camera lens F.F. request for node C to server, 32 is that server is to request responding, 33 send the key frame file request for node C to node A, and 34 is that node A sends key frame blocks of files S2 to node C, and 35 is the broadcast buffer memory of node, 36 is the normal play buffer memory, 37 is the reproduction time axle, and 38 times that begin for the key frame F.F., 39 is the video source blocks of files, 40 is Network Transmission, 41 are key frame broadcast buffer memory, and 42 are decoding, and 43 is the camera lens key frame, 44 is video playback, and 45 is video player.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below by an example.
With the situation among Fig. 4 is example, and node C (Fig. 4-22) is the node that newly adds system, has had node A (Fig. 4-20) and B (Fig. 4-21) in the system, and they have identical request interest with node C.
1, system at first carries out initialization, preserves video resource (Fig. 4-23) on the media server (Fig. 4-19), and carries out preliminary treatment, generates key frame file (Fig. 4-24).
When 2, new user node C adding system prepares to watch, at first send video request (Fig. 4-31) to server.Server responds (Fig. 4-32) and transmits index file SI (Fig. 4-30) this request.Behind the scene index part of node C in obtaining the key frame file, can in player, show the key frame of each scene, according to watching interest can select to skip to some scene.
When 3, beginning normal play, node C is kept at the video content of receiving in the normal play buffer memory (Fig. 4-29).
4, behind the intact piece 1 ~ 6 of node C normal play, initiate the F.F. request, need to play key frame blocks of files S2.User node A has the blocks of files S2 of the video of node C request, and server notification node A is node C service, during normal play, and the request (Fig. 4-33) that node C sends piece S2 to node A, node A should ask and transmission block S2 mutually.Otherwise server can directly provide service to the request user.
5, node A initiates forwarding operation for another example, and when needing key frame blocks of files S3, the Node B that has S3 sends piece S3 to node A.
6, the cache management of node C normal play video and key frame file as shown in Figure 5.Play in the normal play buffer memory after the piece 7 (Fig. 5-38), play S2 and S3 in the camera lens key frame buffer memory, when the VCR request finishes, from the normal play buffer memory, begin the normal play source file again.
During file (Fig. 5-36) in playing the normal play buffer memory, broadcast will be play according to normal speed; When playing the file in the camera lens key frame buffer memory, will browse according to the broadcasting speed that realization sets, for example 2 frame/seconds (shown in Fig. 6-45).The video index file also is kept in the camera lens key frame buffer memory, and the key frame preview of scene and the index information of redirect are provided.
Table 1 video statistics information
| Video length (minute) | Frame number | The camera lens number | The scene number | Second/camera lens | Second/scene | |
| Video 1 | 10:00 | 18000 | 137 | 7 | 4.4 | 85 |
| Video 2 | 24:28 | 44040 | 444 | 19 | 3.3 | 77 |
| |
38:22 | 69034 | 473 | 33 | 4.8 | 69 |
| Mean value | 24:17 | 43692 | 351 | 19 | 4.2 | 77 |
[1]HongJiang Zhang，Philippe Aigrain and Dragutin Petkovic，“Representation and Retrieval ofVideo Data in Multimedia Systems”，Publisher：Springer(January 31，1997)
[2] Zhang Zhen is former, and the road is red, " a kind of scene dividing method based on video structure ", Chinese image graphics journal, in October, 2007.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of Streaming Media distribution and user VCR operation method based on video dividing technique in system, represented camera lens with key frame, and is the unit organization video with camera lens, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) when initial phase, preserve video resource on the media server, and carry out preliminary treatment, so-called preliminary treatment utilizes scene to cut apart with shot segmentation technique exactly and at server end video is handled, obtain the border of scene and camera lens, extract the key frame of scene and camera lens, be kept at separately in the key frame file; The structure of this key frame file is to preserve the key frame of each scene according to the playing sequence of film, each scene again with the key frame correspondence of several camera lenses;
(2) when new user's adding system prepares to watch, at first send video request to server, this request comprises the numbering of the video of asking; Server responds this request, confirms that the node that comprises this required video normal play file and key frame file exists; Have the file of this video if any other user nodes, notice has node the scene index part in normal play Documents Department piecemeal or the key frame file is sent to requesting node; Having node is individual node or a plurality of node, but needs to guarantee not send the piece of repetition; As not having other user nodes to comprise these pieces, server directly provides service to the request user;
(3) after the user is connected into system, system provides unique operation interface, and it also comprises based on the direct visit of scene key frame with based on the skip forward/back of camera lens key frame and browsing except the VCR mode of operation that comprises traditional broadcast, suspends, stops; Guidance panel is provided with the scene index of this section video, click the call number of a certain scene, can see the representative frame of this scene, content according to representative frame, the user can determine whether continue to watch program from this scene, if lose interest in, then can continue in the scene index list, to select;
(4) behind the scene index part of user in obtaining the key frame file, in player, show the key frame of each scene, according to watching interest to select to skip to some scene; At this moment the user can produce the new request of reading, and sends to server end; Server responds this request, confirms that the node that comprises this required video normal play file exists; Have the file of this video if any other user nodes, notice has node the required part piece of normal play file is sent to requesting node; As not having other user nodes to comprise these pieces, server directly provides service to the request user.
(5) watching in the process as the user, when using the skip forward/back function based on camera lens, server responds this request, confirms that the node that comprises this required key frame of video blocks of files exists; Have the key frame blocks of files of this video if any other user nodes, notice has node the required part piece of key frame file is sent to requesting node; As not having other user nodes to comprise these pieces, server directly provides service to the request user.
2, Streaming Media distribution and user VCR operation method based on video dividing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described shot segmentation technique, its step is at first calculating the 192 dimension histograms of each frame in the hsv color space, obtain their average and variance then, when surpassing a certain threshold value, judge to have a camera lens.
3, Streaming Media distribution and user VCR operation method based on video dividing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described scene cutting techniques, its step is at first utilizing the theory of manifold learning, excavate the architectural feature of video automatically, then, according to the video structure feature that has obtained, utilize the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method dynamically to carry out analog sampling, the maximum a posteriori probability of seeking scene boundary distributes, and finishes cutting apart automatically of scene.
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