CN101248994A - Active neuro micro-electrode - Google Patents
Active neuro micro-electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN101248994A CN101248994A CNA2007100614003A CN200710061400A CN101248994A CN 101248994 A CN101248994 A CN 101248994A CN A2007100614003 A CNA2007100614003 A CN A2007100614003A CN 200710061400 A CN200710061400 A CN 200710061400A CN 101248994 A CN101248994 A CN 101248994A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an active neural microelectrode capable of communicating with the nervous system of an organism, belonging to the technology field of biomedical engineering. The active neural microelectrode comprises a silicon-based microelectrode, an on-chip signal conditioning module, an on-chip control and multiplex module, a signal post-processing module, a stimulating signal generation module and a digital control module. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the active neural microelectrode integrates signal collection/processing and stimulation function in the same preposed signal processing chip, which can reduce the disturbance of environmental noise, inhibit the attenuation caused by parasitic capacitance, filter polarized voltage and greatly improve the speech-noise ratio and stability of the whole microelectrode; and (2) the active neural microelectrode integrates digital logic control and stimulation circuit in the chip, so as to reduce the amount of output leads and simplify the complexity of subsequent circuits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the biomedical engineering technology field, particularly a kind of active neuro micro-electrode that can carry out exchange and conmmunication with the nervous system of organism.
Background technology
From first metal electrode appearance of nineteen fifty so far, since half a century, nerve microelectrode is used as by neurophysiologist always and explores neural important means.It is a kind of sensor-based system that can carry out exchange and conmmunication with the nervous system of organism.Be accompanied by the fast development of integrated sensor and micro-electromechanical technology (MEMS), function admirable, the production of the nerve microelectrode of good stability graduates into possibility, and so just collection and the stimulation for nerve signal provides powerful instrument.In some sense even changed the research direction of neuroscience.
The development of nerve microelectrode has both at home and abroad had certain basis, adopts molybdenum as the MIT university of the U.S., utilizes different media such as photoresistance and silicon nitride to seal, and makes microelectrode probe thickness be kept to 18 microns; Stanford University adopts silicon, utilize plasma etching to determine probe structure, but signal to noise ratio is low excessively as a result, lacks the etch-stop technology, reduces the probe physical characteristic, and the two all belongs to passive microelectrode.In the disclosed ring nerve electrode of Chinese patent literature CN 1060219A, adopt a kind of ring-type memory material, made in given operating temperature range and to guarantee to electrically contact so that produce the ring nerve electrode of electricity irritation there with perineural; This invention is applied to the electricity irritation of muscle, does not possess the acquisition function of electroneurographic signal, therefore also belongs to passive electrode.
At present, the research of nerve microelectrode has obtained certain progress, but passive nerve microelectrode has certain limitation:
(1) at first, the amplitude of typical nerve signal is the hundreds of microvolt, and environment noise diminishes the amplitude of primary signal by being coupled to the link of transmission primary signal relatively, follow-up signal is handled become difficult more.
(2) secondly, nerve signal writes down under high impedance condition, and the caused decay of parasitic capacitance is very big.
(3) last, can the polarizing voltage of generation between electrode and the tissue liquid up to 100 millivolts, and this voltage changes in time, if it enters follow-up amplifying circuit, will influence tested nerve signal.
Address these problems, single structure and material from microelectrode improves and produces little effect, and therefore, the method that follow-up signal modulate circuit and microelectrode is integrated is just arisen at the historic moment, i.e. active neuro micro-electrode.
Active neuro micro-electrode adopts microelectrode and the little assembling way of microelectronics signal condition control chip, collection with signal, processing and stimulatory function are integrated on the advance signal process chip, not only reduced because the interference of environment noise, and good restraining the decay that causes of parasitic capacitance, filtering polarizing voltage, strengthened the signal to noise ratio and the stability of whole microelectrode greatly.Simultaneously, Digital Logic control and stimulation circuit also are integrated on this chip, have reduced the number of output lead, simplified the complexity of subsequent conditioning circuit.
Summary of the invention
Little in order to have overcome the signal to noise ratio that passive microelectrode exists in the prior art, overcome the environmental disturbances ability, problems such as system complex the invention provides a kind of active neuro micro-electrode that follow-up signal modulate circuit and microelectrode are integrated.
Active neuro micro-electrode of the present invention comprises: silica-based microelectrode, and signal condition module on the sheet, control and multichannel are selected module, signal post-processing module, stimulus signal generation module, digital control module on the sheet.
The present invention adopts structured flowchart shown in Figure 1 to realize the collection and the stimulation of active neuro micro-electrode.
Active neuro micro-electrode is operated in two kinds of patterns: among Fig. 1 shown in the 1 the tunnel is drainage pattern, with neurocyte as main signal source, by microelectrode the nerve signal collection is extracted, on integrated chip, carry out signal condition again, the filtering polarizing voltage, and nerve signal carried out about 100 times amplification, then according to control decision on the sheet whether to this nerve signal is transferred to user interface.The 2 road stimulus modelity, the user sends stimulation instructions, through digital control module and stimulus signal generation module, and by model selection on the sheet, stimulus signal is sent into neurocyte through nerve microelectrode, thereby realizes the stimulation to neurocyte.
Above-mentioned silica-based microelectrode comprises based on the silica-based probe of little technology and the IC chip of cmos technology.
Going up the signal condition module for above-mentioned is made up of the high-pass filtering that is connected in series successively, biasing circuit, amplifying circuit and the feedback network that is connected in the amplifying circuit two ends in parallel.
Go up control and multichannel selects module to comprise for above-mentioned: control circuit, be used to realize control to the microelectrode mode of operation, finish the switching of drainage pattern and stimulus modelity; MUX is used to finish the selection to different measuring points, thereby this can study complete nerve signal system to the multimetering that realizes nerve signal crucial effects is arranged; Gate controlled switch is used for the executive circuit of control signal, realizes nerve signal of gathering and the control that adds the stimulus signal break-make.
Above-mentioned stimulus signal generation module is to utilize DSP to produce the little current signal that is similar to nerve signal, and arrives neurocyte by chip controls and probe transmission.
Above-mentioned digital control module utilizes cmos transmission gate and collection of NAND gate Collaborative Control and stimulus modelity.
The present invention has following outstanding feature with respect to prior art:
(1) active neuro micro-electrode is with the collection of signal, processing and stimulatory function are integrated on the advance signal process chip, not only reduced because the interference of environment noise, and good restraining the decay that causes of parasitic capacitance, filtering polarizing voltage, strengthened the signal to noise ratio and the stability of whole microelectrode greatly;
(2) simultaneously, Digital Logic control and stimulation circuit also are integrated on this chip, have reduced the number of output lead, simplified the complexity of subsequent conditioning circuit.
(3) with the silica-based microelectrode of autonomous Design and the little active neuro micro-electrode that is assembled into of special conditioning control chip that designs based on microelectronic technique, use this active microelectrode to gather nerve signal and stimulating neural tissue, overcome the limitation of passive microelectrode on signals collecting.
It is little that the scheme of employing active neuro micro-electrode has effectively overcome passive microelectrode signal to noise ratio, overcome the environmental disturbances ability, problems such as system complex, to silica-based microelectrode with carried out exploratory development based on designed special conditioning of microelectronic technique and control chip integrated, provide valid approach for the collection of nerve signal with to the stimulation of nervous tissue, be neuro physiology, the development of neural artificial limb provides necessary instrument.It can make us understand mutual relation complicated between the central nervous system neurons better, with provide the consciousness and the control information of required high fidelity (Hi-Fi) for developing practical nerve prosthesis, make treatment and central nervous system's diseases associated become more practical.
Description of drawings
The collection of Fig. 1 active neuro micro-electrode and stimulus modelity;
Fig. 2 bio signal acquisition system;
Fig. 3 microelectrode structural representation;
Signal condition modular circuit sketch map on Fig. 4 sheet;
Fig. 5 high-pass filtering circuit;
Fig. 6 biasing circuit;
Fig. 7 drainage pattern control module circuit;
Fig. 8 drainage pattern control module circuit.
The specific embodiment
Active neuro micro-electrode is operated under two kinds of patterns, i.e. drainage pattern and stimulus modelity.
(1) under the drainage pattern
(i) system gathers nerve signal by the silicon microelectrode earlier.
Contrast Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 2 (a) is the situation that the silicon microelectrode passes nervous tissue's its cell membrane potential of cell measurement, Re represents the bleeder resistance on the electric double layer, the capacitive character that on behalf of platinumiridio measuring point and electrolysis liquid surface electric double layer, Ce showed among Fig. 2 (b); On behalf of endocellular electricity, Resp separate the resistance of liquid, and R1 and C1 are the distribution capacity between electrode interconnection line resistance and interconnection line outside barrier and the tissue fluid; Ra and Ca represent the input impedance of amplifier.Come ratio with the impedance Re and the Ce of electrode, other Several Parameters generally can be ignored in the frequency range of nerve signal.In order to suppress the DC voltage in the input signal, make the AC signal decay very little, need add an input load R at the front end of amplifier, it and Ce constitute high-pass filtering.The resistance of R is by the cut-off frequency that obtains of hope, and the impedance of direct current decay and electrode determines.
(ii) then, the signal that is collected by microelectrode enters into signal condition module on the integrated with it sheet.
Contrast Fig. 4, nerve signal be earlier through passive high-pass filtering circuit, and polarizing voltage filtering that will be up to 100 millivolts only stays amplitude about the 50-500 microvolt, and frequency is at the nerve signal of 100Hz-10kHz.
Contrast Fig. 5 utilizes two-stage current mirror ratio to dwindle id, makes 4 mos pipes in parallel be in the subthreshold value scope, thereby the equivalent capacity formation high-pass filtering circuit that forms very high input impedance and probe is read.This signal is not have biasing, and promptly be zero potential zero point, but amplifying circuit adopts 3.3 volts of designs of single supply on the sheet, and the nerve signal to input can only amplify positive half-wave, makes the serious distortion of output waveform.Therefore in order to obtain distortionless nerve signal AC wave shape, just nerve signal must be biased near the intermediate value of electrical source voltage, i.e. 1.65 volts of track to track outputs that could realize amplifier, the amplitude of oscillation of guaranteeing output signal is in the power supply scope.
Contrast Fig. 6, the design's biasing circuit virtual earth adopt the metal-oxide-semiconductor source follower to realize.Source follower (also being called common leakage level amplifier) itself can play the effect of a voltage buffer, makes the loss of signal little of ignoring.Enter amplifier by the nerve signal behind the biasing circuit, amplifier adopts the two-stage structure for amplifying of difference input, this has the common mode rejection ratio of about 80dB and up to the input impedance of 20G ohm, can effectively realize resistors match, suppress the decay that parasitic capacitance causes, and constitute closed-loop structure by feedback network, closed loop gain reaches 40dB, phase margin is about 65 degree, can be good at realizing the amplification to nerve signal.Output voltage also comprises the DC component of VDD/2, and this can be by adding capacitance filtering Dc bias at outfan.Whole conditioning module is with filtering, and biasing is amplified, and feedback is integrated in the chip piece, has not only reduced circuit area, has also controlled power consumption.
(iii) the signal through modulate circuit on the sheet will enter control and multichannel selection module on the sheet.
Contrast Fig. 7, this module is by gate controlled switch, control circuit, MUX constitutes.Control circuit can be realized the control to the microelectrode mode of operation, finishes the switching of drainage pattern and stimulus modelity.MUX is finished the selection to different measuring points, thereby this can study complete nerve signal system to the multimetering that realizes nerve signal crucial effects is arranged.Gate controlled switch is the executive circuit of control signal, realizes nerve signal of gathering and the control that adds the stimulus signal break-make.Drainage pattern control module circuit such as Fig. 7.
(2) under the stimulus modelity
Contrast Fig. 8, the user sends stimulation instructions, through digital control module and stimulus signal generation module, and by model selection on the sheet, stimulus signal is sent into neurocyte through nerve microelectrode, realizes the stimulation to neurocyte.Drainage pattern control module circuit such as Fig. 8.
Special conditioning that microelectronic technique is designed and control chip are drawn 8 function pins, are respectively 5 address signals (input), 1 mode control signal (input), 1 stimulus signal (input), 1 acquired signal (output).Wherein 5 address signals can be controlled the gating of 32 road signals, and mode control signal control is gathered and the switching of stimulus modelity, and stimulus signal is that little electric current of analog neuron signal is imported, and acquired signal is the output of nerve microelectrode.Input signal is produced by digital control module by user interface, and the acquired signal of output is presented on the user interface through post processing and analog digital conversion.
Claims (6)
1. an active neuro micro-electrode comprises: silica-based microelectrode, signal condition module on the sheet, control and multichannel selection module on the sheet, signal post-processing module, stimulus signal generation module, digital control module.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 active neuro micro-electrode is characterized in that, described silica-based microelectrode comprises based on the silica-based probe of little technology and the IC chip of cmos technology.
3. a kind of according to claim 1 active neuro micro-electrode is characterized in that, goes up the signal condition module for described and is made up of the high-pass filtering that is connected in series successively, biasing circuit, amplifying circuit and the feedback network that is connected in the amplifying circuit two ends in parallel.
4. a kind of according to claim 1 active neuro micro-electrode is characterized in that, goes up control and multichannel selects module to comprise for described:
Control circuit is used to realize the control to the microelectrode mode of operation, finishes the switching of drainage pattern and stimulus modelity;
MUX is used to finish the selection to different measuring points, thereby this can study complete nerve signal system to the multimetering that realizes nerve signal crucial effects is arranged;
Gate controlled switch is used for the executive circuit of control signal, realizes nerve signal of gathering and the control that adds the stimulus signal break-make.
5. a kind of according to claim 1 active neuro micro-electrode is characterized in that, described stimulus signal generation module is to utilize DSP to produce the little current signal that is similar to nerve signal, and arrives neurocyte by chip controls and probe transmission.
6. a kind of according to claim 1 active neuro micro-electrode is characterized in that, described digital control module utilizes cmos transmission gate and collection of NAND gate Collaborative Control and stimulus modelity.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102308386A (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2012-01-04 | 首尔大学校产学协力团 | Micro-electrode array package using liquid crystal polymer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102499666A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-06-20 | 上海交通大学 | Neural microelectrode with rigid and flexible structures |
| CN102783942A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-21 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Implantable neural information dual-mode detection microelectrode array chip and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103933665A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-07-23 | 电子科技大学 | Heart defibrillation method capable of automatically generating and controlling discharge mode and device thereof |
| CN108309231A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-24 | 长庚大学 | Neural probe plate, neural evaluation system, and neural evaluation method |
| CN109528191A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-03-29 | 山东师范大学 | A kind of encephalic Electroencephalo signal detection and amplification system and method |
| CN114403883A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Circuit for neural interface |
| CN114403884A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Signal acquisition circuit and signal acquisition method for neural interface |
| CN114403885A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Neural interface circuit of two-way signal transmission |
| WO2023138128A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Microneedle and neural interface system |
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2007
- 2007-10-10 CN CNA2007100614003A patent/CN101248994A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102308386A (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2012-01-04 | 首尔大学校产学协力团 | Micro-electrode array package using liquid crystal polymer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102308386B (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2015-06-17 | 首尔大学校产学协力团 | Micro-electrode array package using liquid crystal polymer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102783942A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-21 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Implantable neural information dual-mode detection microelectrode array chip and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102499666A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-06-20 | 上海交通大学 | Neural microelectrode with rigid and flexible structures |
| CN102499666B (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-04-24 | 上海交通大学 | Neural microelectrode with rigid and flexible structures |
| CN103933665A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-07-23 | 电子科技大学 | Heart defibrillation method capable of automatically generating and controlling discharge mode and device thereof |
| CN108309231A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-24 | 长庚大学 | Neural probe plate, neural evaluation system, and neural evaluation method |
| CN108309231B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2021-09-17 | 长庚大学 | Neural probe plate, neural evaluation system, and neural evaluation method |
| CN109528191A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-03-29 | 山东师范大学 | A kind of encephalic Electroencephalo signal detection and amplification system and method |
| CN109528191B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-08-17 | 山东师范大学 | Intracranial electroencephalogram physiological signal detection and amplification system and method |
| CN114403883A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Circuit for neural interface |
| CN114403884A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Signal acquisition circuit and signal acquisition method for neural interface |
| CN114403885A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Neural interface circuit of two-way signal transmission |
| WO2023138128A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | 武汉衷华脑机融合科技发展有限公司 | Microneedle and neural interface system |
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Open date: 20080827 |