CN101247069A

CN101247069A - Superconducting engine

Info

Publication number: CN101247069A
Application number: CNA2007100050871A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘新广
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-02-14
Filing date: 2007-02-14
Publication date: 2008-08-20

Abstract

A superconducting engine relates to a superconducting direct-current motor, wherein, the electric motor is composed of a stator, a rotor and a bearing. The rotor is provided with a U-shaped annular groove single-pole magnetic field surrounded by the permanent magnet. The stator is provided with a U-shaped annular groove single-pole magnetic field which is arranged in the rotor and a superconducting armature coil that spaces the permanent magnet of the rotor with a clearance. The superconducting armature coil is immersed in the refrigeration liquid and generates cyclic current in the superconducting armature coil thereby driving the engine to work. The motor has the advantages of no commutator, no electric brush, and no iron loss in stable operation, extraordinary high energy saving rate, extraordinary high efficiency, long service lifetime, easy velocity modulation and broad usage.

Description

Superconductive engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of direct current machine, the direct supercurrent motor of particularly a kind of absence of commutator, brushless, no iron loss.

Background technology

Direct current machine is divided into electromagnetic type and magneto by its magnet type, and magneto does not have excitation winding, more simple in structure than electromagnetic type, volume is little, in light weight, with copper lack, loss is little, efficient is high, more reliable, so that permanent magnet DC motor is used is wider.But the existing commutator of existing electromagnetic dc motor has brush again; Existing permanent magnet DC motor or commutator is arranged, or brush is arranged, or existing commutator, brush is arranged again; Brush and commutator affect the useful life of existing direct current machine.Magnetic pole around armature in the existing direct current machine distributes along the circumference alternating polarity, and adjacent magnetic pole is separated with the gap, because adjacent magnetic pole is separated with the gap, the armature relative stator circles, the magnetic line of force of having an effect with armature is insufficient many, thereby efficient is insufficient high.Existing DC generator, during work, the magnetic field alternate of superconductive armature coil kind, except producing the induced electromotive force of desiring to ask (size and Orientation changes), also produce eddy current and hysteresis effect in armature core, eddy current here and hysteresis effect certainly lead to iron loss and harmful heat; The use of motor is reversible, existing direct current machine is as motor, structure and DC generator are identical, during DC motor work, produce alternating magnetic field because of the continuous alternate of the sense of current in the armature, so the same with DC generator, also can produce iron loss and harmful heat.In order to overcome the defective of existing direct current machine, I have submitted " Novel DC motor " by name patent application to, and now based on its technology, the grafting superconductor technology generates a kind of superconductive engine.

Summary of the invention

The present invention designs a kind of superconductive engine, not only solves in the existing direct current machine work and can produce iron loss and harmful problems such as heat, reduces loss, raises the efficiency, increase the service life, and provide a kind of consume energy little of the motor that exactly likes perpetual machine.

The present invention realizes by following technical scheme.

The present invention is made up of main frame and auxiliary system, and main frame is made up of stator, rotor and bearing, and auxiliary system is made up of refrigeration machine, refrigerant fluid (liquid helium or liquid nitrogen etc.), controller, storage battery, charger, superconducting switch, transducer and pipeline etc.

Admittedly overlap the disc permanent magnet of an axial charging at the every end of the round ring magnet of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that described three permanent magnets surround is a unipolarity magnetic field; Make a U-loop groove unipolarity magnetic field again by preceding method, but its polarity is with previous opposite, the permanent magnet outer surface of two U-loop slot fields is linked up with disc and the combination of annular magnetic conductor, the permanent magnet of two U-loop slot fields is a heteropolarity with the face that magnetic conductor pastes mutually, thereby the magnetic line of force is connected, shown in dotted line among Fig. 1 Fig. 5; The cylindrical of the interior circle of magnetic conduction annulus and magnetic conduction disk and non magnetic annulus or non magnetic axle connects, connect the non magnetic disk that has mesopore at non magnetic annulus or non magnetic axle two ends, non magnetic disk connects with non magnetic annulus, but not magnetic disk connects by bearing with non magnetic axle, the mesopore of non magnetic disk connects with the cylindrical of bearing outer ring, and the interior circle of bearing inner race connects with the cylindrical of non magnetic axle; Above-described magnet assembly, magnetic and non magnetic connector, the rotor of formation main frame of the present invention.

The non magnetic superconductivity wire of strip winding insulating covering is to make the superconductive armature coil on non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame, bobbin radially or axially be equipped with many apertures, the superconductive armature coil is fixed on non magnetic annulus on the cylindrical of non magnetic Adiabatic axle of the interior circle of non magnetic insulated case of stator or stator, leave a gap in superconductive armature coil outside with non magnetic heat-insulating material bag one shell, described gap is communicated with the refrigerant fluid container by the passage on stator casing or the stator axis, refrigerant fluid is filled in the gap and bobbin the inside, lagging casing is fixed on non magnetic insulation annulus on the cylindrical of non magnetic Adiabatic axle of the interior circle of non magnetic insulated case of stator or stator, has so just constituted the stator of main frame of the present invention.

The major part of the both ends of the surface of the non magnetic lagging casing of superconductive armature coil and outside thereof and cylindrical or interior circle are inserted in the rotor U-loop slot field, and the wall of the U-loop groove that surrounds with permanent magnet leaves a gap; Fixedly the non magnetic insulation annulus of superconductive armature coil be fixed in non magnetic annulus motor non magnetic insulated case interior circle or the axle cylindrical; And between the interior circle of maximum cylindrical of rotor or the corresponding stator of minimum interior circle or the cylindrical gap is arranged, and between the inner face of rotor outer face or the corresponding stator of inner face or the outer face gap is arranged; The input of superconductive armature coil, output are guided to the outside of motor with the superconductivity wire connection of tape insulation foreskin, and connect positive pole, the negative pole of feeder ear respectively, require to make the circulation direction of electric current in the superconductive armature coil section of the left and right sides opposite.

The bearing that connects or get in touch described stator and rotor is general mechanical bearing or magnetic suspension bearing.

Described superconductive armature coil equates with the set of permanent magnets group number that surrounds the U-loop slot field, according to actual conditions, can be designed to some groups, but minimum be two groups.

Host work principle of the present invention is: electromagnetism discloses, electrical conductor in the magnetic field can be subjected to active force, the size of active force is calculated by relational expression F=BIL, wherein B represents magnetic flux density, I represents the current strength in the conductor, L represents conductor the overall length dimension in magnetic field vertical with the magnetic line of force in magnetic field, and to wire-wound superconductive armature coil, L equals the superconductive armature coil turn and every circle average perimeter is long-pending; The direction of active force is judged according to left hand rule, promptly stretch out left hand, make thumb four refer to vertically in same palm plane, allow the N utmost point of the palm of the hand over against magnetic field with all the other, four sensings are consistent with the sense of current in the conductor, and at this moment thumb just indicates the force direction that is subjected to of conductor.In the present invention, show as Fig. 1, if the direct current of feeding for left superconductive armature coil sees it is clockwise on the top of superconductive armature coil section, and see to be exactly anticlockwise in the bottom, simultaneously, the onesize direct current of feeding for right superconductive armature coil sees it is anticlockwise on the top of superconductive armature coil section, and see to be exactly clockwise in the bottom, determine easily with left hand rule, two superconductive armature coil the first half force directions that every limit is subjected in magnetic field all leave the beholder and go, promptly vertical the sensing in the paper, and two superconductive armature coil the latter half force directions that every limit is subjected in magnetic field are all towards the beholder, promptly vertical the sensing outside the paper, like this, two superconductive armature coils produce the torque in the same way of relative rotor simultaneously, but the superconductive armature coil is fixed, so rotor will rotate relative to the superconductive armature coil.If change two senses of current in the superconductive armature coil simultaneously, the rotor rotation direction just changes.Described motor, in case bring up, B, L are relative definite value just, obviously, the size that only changes I just can change the rotating speed of rotor, and the size of change I is the technology that realizes easily.

The above superconductive armature coil can also be made into whole with non magnetic superconductive material, and removes non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame.

The above is a main frame of the present invention.Under the cryogenic conditions, the material that resistance suddenly disappears is called superconductor, and the superconductive armature coil of main frame is made of superconductor, just must be placed on low temperature environment.The composition of the present invention---superconductive engine: connect the refrigerant fluid heat-insulating container in the main frame outside, the power connection end of the superconductive armature coil of main frame and the external power source end superconducting line with low heat conductivity in the refrigerant fluid container joins, and between positive and negative contact and connect a superconducting switch, it is made up of the superconductor and near be placed on this superconductor the heater strip of often leading, and the power switch of often leading the superconductor of heater strip and superconducting switch all is connected to the power switch terminal of heat-insulating container outside with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity; Temperature, coil current detection and refrigerant fluid liquid level sensor are set in heat-insulating container, and transducer all joins with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity and the signal amplifier of external container, and amplifier joins with lead and controller; The adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline is linked to be closed cycle system with main frame, heat-insulating container and refrigeration machine, filling refrigerant fluid in this closed cycle system, refrigerant fluid floods the current detection sensor of the superconductive armature coil of superconducting switch, temperature sensor, main frame and the superconductive armature coil of main frame; Use the shaft coupling connecting generator on the armature spindle of main frame, the generator output line terminal inserts charger with lead, and charger joins with lead and storage battery; Controller is directly from the terminal power taking of storage battery, and the power supply of refrigeration machine, superconducting switch and pivot coil all is connected to the terminal of storage battery by the switch that is controlled by the controller.

The present invention---superconductive engine operation principle: before superconductive engine does not start, described superconductive armature coil power supply switch is opened, and give the heater strip power switch of superconducting switch is closed, the superconductor of superconducting switch is heated and loses superconductivity and be high-impedance state, is equivalent to superconducting switch and opens.The temperature of refrigerant fluid must be lower than the critical temperature of superconductor.During startup, the closed superconductive armature coil power supply of controller switch is given the superconductive armature coil power supply, when electric current reaches required value (or rated value), open the heater strip power switch and make the superconductor of superconducting switch recover superconductivity and closed superconducting switch, open superconductive armature coil power supply switch this moment and stop outer power supply.When the electric current of current sensor senses in main frame superconductive armature coil during less than required value, aforementioned process is also carried out it.Like this, from superconductivity theory, form the permanent steady electric current of circulation in the superconductive armature coil, as long as can keep it, main frame will turn round forever.Keep the permanent steady electric current of circulation in the superconductive armature coil, the measure of taking is: first, when temperature sensor detects the refrigerant fluid temperature and is higher than monitoring value (than the critical temperature height of superconductor), controller makes the closed refrigeration machine that starts of refrigeration machine power switch make refrigerant fluid circulation cooling, drop to below the monitoring value until the refrigerant fluid temperature, controller just makes the refrigeration machine power switch open, and refrigeration machine stops; The second, when the electric current of current sensor senses in main frame superconductive armature coil during, in time replenish less than required value; The 3rd, be lower than when being set at when liquid level sensor detects refrigerant fluid liquid level in the container, send indication, should artificially in container, add refrigerant fluid, certainly, also can be provided with by controller automatically the liquid-adding device of control add refrigerant fluid.Because refrigeration machine is not often worked, required electric energy is few, and superconducting switch and controller consume energy seldom, thereby the always outside delivery of energy of main frame, and described thus superconductive engine exactly likes perpetual machine.The electric energy part that the DC generator that connects with main frame is sent is filled (have automatic control function, can stop charging after storage battery is full of) by charger and is gone into storage battery, and another part electric energy can outwards be exported; Connect with shaft coupling or clutch armature spindle and the external user equipment power main shaft with main frame, described superconductive engine can directly outwards provide power.

The mature technology of keeping the permanent steady electric current of circulation in the coil has many methods, more than takes a single example.But core technology of the present invention is design rotor unipolarity magnetic field, the superconductive armature coil is positioned in the unipolarity magnetic field, and makes Infinite Cyclic circulation in stator superconductive armature coil.

Along with development of technology, will the more and more higher superconductor of critical temperature appears, and auxiliary system of the present invention will constantly be simplified, and power consumption also constantly reduces; Along with development of technology, the permanent magnetic material that performance is more and more higher will produce.Thereby described superconductive engine effect can improve constantly, more and more as perpetual machine.

Described rotor unipolarity magnetic field also can make of superconducting magnet.

Compare with existing DC motor, the present invention has following advantage:

1, absence of commutator in the superconductive engine, brushless, the iron core that no silicon steel sheet builds up;

2, eddy current loss in the superconductive engine and magnetic hysteresis loss, it is iron loss, only occur in the superconductive engine in shutdown process or the speed regulation process, when the superconductive engine steady operation, being in the superconduction superconductive armature coil in the stationary magnetic field is the permanent steady electric current of Infinite Cyclic, so do not have iron loss, no Joule heat, it is minimum to consume energy, and efficient is high;

3,, and there is not iron loss during steady operation because the superconductive engine brushless, no Joule heat, thus the time of can continuous operation growing, and long service life;

4, because of described advantage 2, so the present invention compares with devices such as existing flywheel energy storage, inductance coil energy storage, batteries to store energy, compressed-air energy storages, much superior, the present invention---superconductive engine exactly likes perpetual machine.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is first kind of internal rotor main machine structure schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of piece number 35 among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is second kind of internal rotor main machine structure schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 is first kind of external rotor main machine structure schematic diagram;

Fig. 6 is the enlarged drawing of scope I among Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is second kind of external rotor main machine structure schematic diagram;

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of embodiment one;

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of embodiment two.

Embodiment

Further specify below in conjunction with embodiment.

Embodiment one: show as Fig. 8, the composition of the present invention---superconductive engine: connect refrigerant fluid heat-insulating container 93 in main frame 97 (showing) outside as Fig. 1 Fig. 4, the A mouth of main frame 97 communicates with heat-insulating container 93, B mouth and adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline 91 join, the superconductive armature coil 10 of

main frame

97 and 15 power connection end and external power source end superconducting line with low heat conductivity in refrigerant fluid container 93 join, and between positive and negative contact and meet the superconductor 92-2 of a superconducting switch 92, be placed near the superconductor 92-2 is often to lead heater strip 92-1, the superconducting line of the power switch 86 usefulness low heat conductivities of heater strip 92-1 is attempted by the two ends of heater strip 92-1, and the superconducting line of the power switch 87 usefulness low heat conductivities of superconductor 92-2 is attempted by the two ends of superconductor 92-2; The current detection sensor 80 and the refrigerant fluid liquid level sensor 85 of temperature sensor 96,

superconductive armature coil

10 and 15 are set in heat-insulating container 93, transducer all joins with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity and the signal amplifier 81 of container 93 outsides, and amplifier joins with lead and controller 83; Adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline 91 is linked to be closed cycle system with main frame 97, heat-insulating container 93 and refrigeration machine 90, in this closed cycle system, filling refrigerant fluid 88, refrigerant fluid 88 floods the current detection sensor 80 of superconducting switch 92, temperature sensor 96,

superconductive armature coil

10 and 15, and refrigeration machine 90 makes

refrigerant fluid

88 or 34 circulations be cooled to superconductive armature coil 10 and below 15 critical temperatures; With shaft coupling 98 connecting generators 99, motor 99 output line terminal insert charger 82 with lead on the armature spindle of main frame 97, and charger 82 usefulness leads and storage battery 84 join, and holding from motor 99 output lines "+,-" also can outwards provide electric energy; The power supply of refrigeration machine 90, superconducting switch 92 and

superconductive armature coil

10 and 15 all is connected to the terminal of storage battery 84 by the

switch

86,87,89 of controlled device 83 controls, the power connection end of controller 83 is directly at the terminal of storage battery 84; Motor 99, charger 82, temperature sensor 96, superconducting switch 92, current detection sensor 80, signal amplifier 81, controller 83, refrigeration machine 90 etc. are realized it with existing mature technology, certainly, also can improve or realize with new technology.Main frame 97 can drive subscriber equipment by shaft coupling or clutch 95.

Main frame 97 is served as by two kinds of inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent motors respectively.

Show as Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, first kind of inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor, its rotor constitutes like this: at the disc

permanent magnet

28,31 of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet 29 two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that

permanent magnet

28,29,31 surrounds is a single N (or S) pole field; At the disc

permanent magnet

24,26 of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet 25 two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that

permanent magnet

24,25,26 surrounds is a single S (or N) pole field; The permanent magnet of two U-loop slot fields is got up with magnetic conductor composite joints such as

magnetic conduction disk

7,12,17 and

magnetic conduction annulus

2,23, the permanent magnet of described two U-loop slot fields is a heteropolarity with the face that described magnetic conductor pastes mutually, thereby the magnetic line of force in the magnetic conductive part is connected, and shows as dotted line among the figure;

Magnetic conduction annulus

2,23 and

magnetic conduction disk

7,12,17 are solidly set on the cylindrical of non magnetic axle 3.

Its stator constitutes like this: at non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame 9, the non magnetic magnetic superconductive armature coil 10 of coiling tape insulation foreskin on 14,15, bobbin 9, many apertures that radially are equipped with of 14 pass through by refrigerating fluid, superconductive armature coil 10, the non magnetic insulation annulus 8 of 15 usefulness, 13,35 are fixed on the interior circle of the non magnetic adiabatic cylinder shape housing 32 of stator, many axially extending bores are arranged by refrigerant fluid 34 on the non

magnetic insulation annulus

35,88 pass through, at superconductive armature coil 10, a gap is left with non magnetic heat-insulating material bag one shell 33 in 15 outsides, described gap is communicated with refrigerant fluid container 93 and adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline 91 by the passage on the stator casing 32,

refrigerant fluid

34 or 88 are filled in the gap and bobbin the inside, the non magnetic insulation annulus 6 of non magnetic lagging casing 33 usefulness, 11,13,16 are cemented on the interior circle of non magnetic insulated case 32 of stator, at non

magnetic insulation annulus

6,16,32 end face connects non

magnetic disk

1,18; The

inner ring

4,20 of bearing is connected to the cylindrical of non magnetic axle 3, the

outer ring

5,19 of bearing is also connected with the interior round interference fit of non

magnetic disk circle

1,18, part 21 is a clamp nut, part 22 is non magnetic packing ring, its end face is fitted with the outer face of magnetic conduction disk 17 and the inner face of bearing inner race 20 respectively, circle becomes interference fit with the cylindrical of non magnetic axle 3 in it, and its cylindrical is not more than the cylindrical of bearing inner race 20; The interior circle of non

magnetic insulation annulus

6,11,16 leaves maximum cylindrical one gap of rotor, and the inner face of non

magnetic disk circle

1,18 leaves one gap, outer face of

magnetic conduction disk

7,17 respectively.

With the major part of the both ends of the surface of the non magnetic lagging casing 33 of

superconductive armature coil

10,15 and its outside and in circle be inserted in the rotor U-loop slot field, and the wall of the U-loop groove that surrounds with permanent magnet leaves a gap; The input of

superconductive armature coil

10,15, output connect with the

superconductivity wire

27,30 of tape insulation foreskin and the slotted eye of cinclides by non magnetic annulus 8 and non magnetic insulated case 32 is guided to the outside of motor, and connect positive pole, the negative pole of feeder ear respectively, require superconductive armature coil 10 opposite with the circulation direction of electric current in superconductive armature coil 15 cross sections.

Show as Fig. 4, second kind of inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor is that the axial charging disc

permanent magnet

26,28 of first kind of inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor and an axial charging disc of magnetic conduction disk 12 usefulness permanent magnet 36 are replaced,

magnetic conduction annulus

2,23 usefulness magnetic conduction cylinders 37 are replaced, and other remains unchanged.

Embodiment two: show that as Fig. 9 main frame 100 (showing as Fig. 5 Fig. 7) is an external rotor direct supercurrent motor, its axial end and heat-insulating container 93 connect, and the C mouth communicates with heat-insulating container 93, and D mouth and adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline 91 join; The rotating shaft of generator 101 connects with the armature spindle 75 of main frame 100 by shaft coupling 98, and external subscriber equipment 102 can connect with the axle of generator 101 by shaft coupling or clutch 95.Remainder is with embodiment one.

Main frame 100 is served as by two kinds of external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motors respectively.

Show as Fig. 5 Fig. 6, first kind of external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor, its rotor constitutes like this: at the disc

permanent magnet

62,65 of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet 64 two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that

permanent magnet

62,64,65 surrounds is a single N (or S) pole field; At the disc

permanent magnet

58,61 of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet 60 two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that

permanent magnet

58,60,61 surrounds is a single S (or N) pole field; The permanent magnet outer surface of two U-loop slot fields is got up with magnetic conductive part composite joints such as

magnetic conduction disk

43,46,49 and

magnetic conduction annulus

59,63, the permanent magnet of described two U-loop slot fields is a heteropolarity with the face that magnetic conductor pastes mutually, thereby the magnetic line of force in the magnetic conductive part is connected, and shows as dotted line among the figure;

Magnetic conduction annulus

59,63 and

magnetic conduction disk

43,46,49 are solidly set on the interior circle of non magnetic annulus 42, place non magnetic packing ring 41,50 in the outer face of

magnetic conduction disk

43,49, end face at non magnetic annulus 42 connects non

magnetic disk

66,51, and paste mutually with the inner face of non

magnetic disk

66,51 outer face of non magnetic packing ring 41,50.

Its stator constitutes like this: at non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame 45, the non magnetic magnetic superconduction superconductive armature coil 44 of coiling tape insulation foreskin on 48,47, bobbin 45, being equipped with many apertures on 48 the end face vertically passes through by

refrigerant fluid

77 or 88, superconductive armature coil 44, the non magnetic insulation disk 73 of 47 usefulness is fixed to the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 69, the both ends of the surface of the right-hand member of non magnetic Adiabatic axle 72 and non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 74 all have some breach to pass through by

refrigerant fluid

77 or 88, the left end of non magnetic Adiabatic axle 72, the both ends of the surface of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 74 and non magnetic Adiabatic axle 76 are all fixed with the end face of non magnetic insulation disk 73, have radial circular hole passage to pass through by

refrigerant fluid

77 or 88 on the left part of non magnetic Adiabatic axle 76; At superconductive armature coil 44, a gap is left with non magnetic heat-insulating material bag one shell 67 in 47 outsides, described gap is communicated to refrigerant fluid container 93 by the mesopore of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 69, channel connection between the interior circle of the non magnetic Adiabatic axle 72 of stator and the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 69 is to adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline 91, in the described gap,

refrigerant fluid

77 or 88 are filled in passage and bobbin the inside, the cylindrical of non magnetic lagging casing 67 and non magnetic Adiabatic axle 72, the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 74, non

magnetic annulus

55 and 68 cylindrical, the end face of non magnetic annulus 40 and 56 end face and non magnetic annulus 57 is fixed, and the cylindrical of the interior circle of non magnetic annulus 40 and non magnetic Adiabatic axle 72 is fixed, non

magnetic annulus

68,57 interior circle is all fixed with the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 74, non

magnetic annulus

55,56 interior circle is all fixed with the cylindrical of non magnetic Adiabatic axle 76, non magnetic annulus 40 and 56 outer face are close to the inner face of bearing

inner race

38 and 53 respectively, and the big end of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 69 and the left side of non magnetic Adiabatic axle 72 are fixed; The inner ring 38 of bearing, interference are enclosed within the cylindrical of non magnetic insulation axle 72 and connect it, inner ring 53 interference of bearing are enclosed within the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic minor axis 76 and connect it, the

outer ring

39,52 of bearing interference is respectively put into the circle of non

magnetic disk circle

66,51 and is connected it, part 54 is a clamp nut, and the cylindrical of non

magnetic insulation annulus

40,57,56 leaves minimum interior circle one gap of rotor; The major part and the cylindrical of the both ends of the surface of the non magnetic lagging casing 67 of

superconductive armature coil

44,47 and its outside are inserted in the U-loop slot field, but every face all leaves permanent magnet one gap; The input of superconductive armature coil 44 and the output of superconductive armature coil 47 are connected together, the output of superconductive armature coil 44 and the input of superconductive armature coil 47 are connected together, use the superconducting line 70 of tape insulation foreskin then respectively, 71 connect, pass a breach on the right side of non magnetic axle Adiabatic axle 72, pass the radial hole (not drawing among the figure) on the cylindrical of breach on the right side of non magnetic axle heat insulating sleeve 74 and non magnetic adiabatic cylinder 69 and draw as power connection end from its mesopore, and connect the positive pole of feeder ear respectively, negative pole requires superconductive armature coil 44 opposite with the circulation direction of electric current in superconductive armature coil 47 cross sections.

Show as Fig. 7, second kind of external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor is that the axial charging disc

permanent magnet

61,62 of first kind of external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor and an axial charging disc of magnetic conduction disk 46 usefulness permanent magnet 78 are replaced,

magnetic conduction annulus

59,63 usefulness magnetic conduction cylinders 79 are replaced, and other remains unchanged.

Claims

1. superconductive engine, it is characterized in that: the present invention---superconductive engine is made up of main frame and auxiliary system: connect the refrigerant fluid heat-insulating container in the main frame outside, the power connection end of the superconductive armature coil of main frame and the external power source end superconducting line with low heat conductivity in the refrigerant fluid container joins, and between positive and negative contact and connect a superconducting switch, it is made up of the superconductor and near be placed on this superconductor the heater strip of often leading, and the power switch of often leading the superconductor of heater strip and superconducting switch all is connected to the power switch terminal of heat-insulating container outside with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity; Temperature, coil current detection and refrigerant fluid liquid level sensor are set in heat-insulating container, and transducer all joins with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity and the signal amplifier of external container, and amplifier joins with lead and controller; The adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline is linked to be closed cycle system with main frame, heat-insulating container and refrigeration machine, filling refrigerant fluid in this closed cycle system, refrigerant fluid floods the current detection sensor of the superconductive armature coil of superconducting switch, temperature sensor, main frame and the superconductive armature coil of main frame; Use the shaft coupling connecting generator on the armature spindle of main frame, the generator output line terminal inserts charger with lead, and charger joins with lead and storage battery; Controller is directly from the terminal power taking of storage battery, and the power supply of refrigeration machine, superconducting switch and pivot coil all is connected to the terminal of storage battery by the switch that is controlled by the controller.

2. superconductive engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: main frame is made up of stator, rotor and bearing; Admittedly overlap the disc permanent magnet of an axial charging at the every end of the round ring magnet of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that described three permanent magnets surround is a unipolarity magnetic field, make a U-loop groove unipolarity magnetic field again by preceding method, but its polarity is with previous opposite, the permanent magnet outer surface of two U-loop slot fields is linked up with disc and the combination of annular magnetic conductor, the permanent magnet of two U-loop slot fields is a heteropolarity with the face that magnetic conductor pastes mutually, thereby the magnetic line of force is connected, the cylindrical of the interior circle of magnetic conduction annulus and magnetic conduction disk and non magnetic annulus or non magnetic axle connects, connect the non magnetic disk that has mesopore at non magnetic annulus or non magnetic axle two ends, non magnetic disk connects with non magnetic annulus, but not magnetic disk connects by bearing with non magnetic axle, the mesopore of non magnetic disk connects with the cylindrical of bearing outer ring, the interior circle of bearing inner race connects with the cylindrical of non magnetic axle, above-described magnet assembly, magnetic and non magnetic connector, the rotor of formation main frame of the present invention; The non magnetic superconductivity wire of strip winding insulating covering is to make the superconductive armature coil on non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame, bobbin radially or axially be equipped with many apertures, the superconductive armature coil is fixed on non magnetic annulus on the cylindrical of non magnetic Adiabatic axle of the interior circle of non magnetic insulated case of stator or stator, leave a gap in superconductive armature coil outside with non magnetic heat-insulating material bag one shell, described gap is communicated with the refrigerant fluid container by the passage on stator casing or the stator axis, refrigerant fluid is filled in the gap and bobbin the inside, lagging casing is fixed on non magnetic insulation annulus on the cylindrical of non magnetic Adiabatic axle of the interior circle of non magnetic insulated case of stator or stator, has so just constituted the stator of main frame of the present invention; The major part of the both ends of the surface of the non magnetic lagging casing of superconductive armature coil and outside thereof and cylindrical or interior circle are inserted in the rotor U-loop slot field, and the wall of the U-loop groove that surrounds with permanent magnet leaves a gap, fixedly the non magnetic insulation annulus of superconductive armature coil be fixed in non magnetic annulus motor non magnetic insulated case interior circle or the axle cylindrical, and between the interior circle of maximum cylindrical of rotor or the corresponding stator of minimum interior circle or the cylindrical gap is arranged, and a gap is arranged between the inner face of rotor outer face or the corresponding stator of inner face or the outer face, the input of superconductive armature coil, output connects the outside of guiding to motor with the superconductivity wire of tape insulation foreskin, and connect the positive pole of feeder ear respectively, negative pole requires to make the circulation direction of electric current in the superconductive armature coil section of the left and right sides opposite; The bearing that connects or get in touch described stator and rotor is general mechanical bearing or magnetic suspension bearing; Described superconductive armature coil equates with the set of permanent magnets group number that surrounds the U-loop slot field, according to actual conditions, can be designed to some groups, but minimum be two groups; The above superconductive armature coil can also be made into whole with non magnetic superconductive material, and removes non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame; Described rotor unipolarity magnetic field also can make of superconducting magnet.

3. superconductive engine according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: main frame (97) is a kind of inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor, its rotor constitutes like this: in disc permanent magnet (28), (31) of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet (29) two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that permanent magnet (28), (29), (31) surround is a single N (or S) pole field; In disc permanent magnet (24), (26) of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet (25) two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that permanent magnet (24), (25), (26) surround is a single S (or N) pole field; The permanent magnet of two U-loop slot fields is got up with magnetic conductor composite joints such as magnetic conduction disk (7), (12), (17) and magnetic conduction annulus (2), (23), the permanent magnet of described two U-loop slot fields is a heteropolarity with the face that described magnetic conductor pastes mutually, thereby the magnetic line of force in the magnetic conductive part is connected, and shows as dotted line among the figure; Magnetic conduction annulus (2), (23) and magnetic conduction disk (7), (12), (17) are solidly set on the cylindrical of non magnetic axle (3); Its stator constitutes like this: at non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame (9), (14) the non magnetic magnetic superconductive armature coil (10) of last coiling tape insulation foreskin, (15), bobbin (9), (14) many apertures that radially are equipped with pass through by refrigerating fluid, superconductive armature coil (10), (15) with non magnetic insulation annulus (8), (13), (35) be fixed on the interior circle of the non magnetic adiabatic cylinder shape housing (32) of stator, many axially extending bores are arranged by refrigerant fluid (34) on the non magnetic insulation annulus (35), (88) pass through, in superconductive armature coil (10), (15) gap is left with non magnetic heat-insulating material bag one shell (33) in the outside, described gap is communicated with refrigerant fluid container (93) and adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline (91) by the passage on the stator casing (32), refrigerant fluid (34) or (88) are filled in the gap and bobbin the inside, non magnetic lagging casing (33) is with non magnetic insulation annulus (6), (11), (13), (16) be cemented on the interior circle of non magnetic insulated case (32) of stator, at non magnetic insulation annulus 6, (16), (32) end face connects non magnetic disk (1), (18); The inner ring of bearing (4), ((20)) are connected to the cylindrical of non magnetic axle (3), outer ring (5), (19) of bearing are also connected with the interior round interference fit of non magnetic disk circle (1), (18), part (21) is a clamp nut, part (22) is non magnetic packing ring, its end face is fitted with the outer face of magnetic conduction disk (17) and the inner face of bearing inner race (20) respectively, circle becomes interference fit with the cylindrical of non magnetic axle (3) in it, and its cylindrical is not more than the cylindrical of bearing inner race (20); The interior circle of non magnetic insulation annulus (6), (11), (16) leaves maximum cylindrical one gap of rotor, and the inner face of non magnetic disk circle (1), (18) leaves one gap, outer face of magnetic conduction disk (7), (17) respectively; With the major part of the both ends of the surface of the non magnetic lagging casing (33) of superconductive armature coil (10), (15) and its outside and in circle be inserted in the rotor U-loop slot field, and the wall of the U-loop groove that surrounds with permanent magnet leaves a gap; The input of superconductive armature coil (10), (15), output connect with superconductivity wire (27), (30) of tape insulation foreskin and the slotted eye of cinclides by non magnetic annulus (8) and non magnetic insulated case (32) is guided to the outside of motor, and connect positive pole, the negative pole of feeder ear respectively, require superconductive armature coil (10) opposite with the circulation direction of electric current in superconductive armature coil (15) cross section.

4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described superconductive engines, it is characterized in that: main frame (97) is another kind of inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor, be that axial charging disc permanent magnet (26), (28) and magnetic conduction disk (12) with the described inner-rotor-type direct supercurrent of claim 3 motor main frame replaces with an axial charging disc permanent magnet (36), magnetic conduction annulus (2), (23) are replaced with magnetic conduction cylinder (37), and other remains unchanged.

5. superconductive engine according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: main frame (100) is a kind of external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor, its rotor constitutes like this: in disc permanent magnet (62), (65) of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet (64) two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that permanent magnet (62), (64), (65) surround is a single N pole field; In disc permanent magnet (58), (61) of the fixed axial charging in round ring magnet (60) two ends of radial magnetizing, the U-loop slot field that permanent magnet (58), (60), (61) surround is a single S pole field; The permanent magnet outer surface of two U-loop slot fields is got up with magnetic conductive part composite joints such as magnetic conduction disk (43), (46), (49) and magnetic conduction annulus (59), (63), the permanent magnet of described two U-loop slot fields is a heteropolarity with the face that magnetic conductor pastes mutually, thereby the magnetic line of force in the magnetic conductive part is connected; Magnetic conduction annulus (59), (63) and magnetic conduction disk (43), (46), (49) are solidly set on the interior circle of non magnetic annulus (42), place non magnetic packing ring (41), (50) in the outer face of magnetic conduction disk (43), (49), end face at non magnetic annulus (42) connects non magnetic disk (66), (51), and paste mutually with the inner face of non magnetic disk (66), (51) outer face of non magnetic packing ring (41), (50); Its stator constitutes like this: at non magnetic insulation making toroidal coil frame (45), (48) the non magnetic magnetic superconduction superconductive armature coil (44) of last coiling tape insulation foreskin, (47), bobbin (45), (48) being equipped with many apertures on the end face vertically passes through by refrigerant fluid (77) or (88), superconductive armature coil (44), (47) be fixed to the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (69) with non magnetic insulation disk (73), the both ends of the surface of the right-hand member of non magnetic Adiabatic axle (72) and non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (74) all have some breach to pass through by refrigerant fluid (77) or (88), the left end of non magnetic Adiabatic axle (72), the both ends of the surface of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (74) and non magnetic Adiabatic axle (76) are all fixed with the end face of non magnetic insulation disk (73), have radial circular hole passage to pass through by refrigerant fluid (77) or (88) on the left part of non magnetic Adiabatic axle (76); In superconductive armature coil (44), (47) gap is left with non magnetic heat-insulating material bag one shell (67) in the outside, described gap is communicated to refrigerant fluid container (93) by the mesopore of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (69), channel connection between the cylindrical of the interior circle of the non magnetic Adiabatic axle of stator (72) and non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (69) is to adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline (91), in the described gap, refrigerant fluid (77) or (88) are filled in passage and bobbin the inside, the cylindrical of non magnetic lagging casing (67) and non magnetic Adiabatic axle (72), the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (74), the cylindrical of non magnetic annulus (55) and (68), the end face of the end face of non magnetic annulus (40) and (56) and non magnetic annulus (57) is fixed, and the cylindrical of the interior circle of non magnetic annulus (40) and non magnetic Adiabatic axle (72) is fixed, non magnetic annulus (68), (57) interior circle is all fixed with the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (74), non magnetic annulus (55), (56) interior circle is all fixed with the cylindrical of non magnetic Adiabatic axle (76), the outer face of non magnetic annulus (40) and (56) is close to the inner face of bearing inner race (38) and (53) respectively, and the left side of the big end of non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (69) and non magnetic Adiabatic axle (72) is fixed; The inner ring of bearing (38), interference are enclosed within the cylindrical of non magnetic insulation axle (72) and connect it, the inner ring of bearing (53) interference is enclosed within the cylindrical of non magnetic adiabatic minor axis (76) and connects it, the outer ring of bearing (39), (52) interference are respectively put into the circle of non magnetic disk circle (66), (51) and are connected it, part (54) is a clamp nut, and the cylindrical of non magnetic insulation annulus (40), (57), (56) leaves minimum interior circle one gap of rotor; The major part and the cylindrical of the both ends of the surface of the non magnetic lagging casing (67) of superconductive armature coil (44), (47) and its outside are inserted in the U-loop slot field, but every face all leaves permanent magnet one gap; The input of superconductive armature coil (44) and the output of superconductive armature coil (47) are connected together, the output of superconductive armature coil (44) and the input of superconductive armature coil (47) are connected together, use the superconducting line (70) of tape insulation foreskin then respectively, (71) connect, pass a breach on the right side of non magnetic axle Adiabatic axle (72), pass the radial hole on the cylindrical of breach on the right side of non magnetic axle heat insulating sleeve (74) and non magnetic adiabatic cylinder (69) and draw as power connection end from its mesopore, and connect the positive pole of feeder ear respectively, negative pole requires superconductive armature coil (44) opposite with the circulation direction of electric current in superconductive armature coil (47) cross section.

6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 described superconductive engines, it is characterized in that: main frame (100) is another kind of external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motor, its rotor constitutes like this: axial charging disc permanent magnet (61), (62) and the magnetic conduction disk (46) of claim 5 described external-rotor-type direct supercurrent motors are replaced with an axial charging disc permanent magnet (78), magnetic conduction annulus (59), (63) are replaced with magnetic conduction cylinder (79), and other remains unchanged.

7. according to each described superconductive engine among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the present invention---the composition of superconductive engine: connect refrigerant fluid heat-insulating container (93) in main frame (97) outside, the A mouth of main frame (97) communicates with heat-insulating container (93), B mouth and adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline (91) join, the superconductive armature coil (10) of main frame (97) and the power connection end of (15) and external power source end superconducting line with low heat conductivity in refrigerant fluid container (93) join, and between positive and negative contact and connect the superconductor (92-2) of a superconducting switch (92), be placed near the superconductor (92-2) is often to lead heater strip (92-1), the power switch (86) of heater strip (92-1) is attempted by the two ends of heater strip (92-1) with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity, and the power switch (87) of superconductor (92-2) is attempted by the two ends of superconductor (92-2) with the superconducting line of low heat conductivity; The current detection sensor (80) and the refrigerant fluid liquid level sensor (85) of temperature sensor (96), superconductive armature coil (10) and (15) are set in heat-insulating container (93), transducer all uses the superconducting line of low heat conductivity and the signal amplifier (81) of container (93) outside to join, and amplifier joins with lead and controller (83); Adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline (91) is linked to be closed cycle system with main frame (97), heat-insulating container (93) and refrigeration machine (90), in this closed cycle system, filling refrigerant fluid (88), refrigerant fluid (88) floods the current detection sensor (80) of superconducting switch (92), temperature sensor (96), superconductive armature coil (10) and (15), and refrigeration machine (90) makes refrigerant fluid (88) or (34) circulation be cooled to superconductive armature coil (10) and (15) below the critical temperature; On the armature spindle of main frame (97), use shaft coupling (98) connecting generator (99), motor (99) output line terminal inserts charger (82) with lead, charger (82) joins with lead and storage battery (84), also can outwards provide electric energy from motor (99) output line "+,-" end; The power supply of refrigeration machine (90), superconducting switch (92) and superconductive armature coil (10) and (15) all is connected to the terminal of storage battery (84) by switch (86), (87), (89) of controlled device (83) control, the power connection end of controller (83) is directly at the terminal of storage battery (84); Motor (99), charger (82), temperature sensor (96), superconducting switch (92), current detection sensor (80), signal amplifier (81), controller (83), refrigeration machine (90) etc. are realized it with existing mature technology, certainly, also can improve or realize with new technology.Main frame (97) can drive subscriber equipment by shaft coupling or clutch (95).

8. according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 6 or 7 described superconductive engines, it is characterized in that: the external rotor direct supercurrent motor that the described main frame of claim 7 (97) is changed to (100), its axial end and heat-insulating container (93) connect, the C mouth communicates with heat-insulating container (93), and D mouth and adiabatic heat-insulation pipeline (91) join; The rotating shaft of generator (101) connects with the armature spindle (75) of main frame (100) by shaft coupling (98), and external subscriber equipment (102) can connect with the axle of generator (101) by shaft coupling or clutch (95), and remainder is described with claim 7.