CN101242368A - Power distribution system and method in wireless sensor network based on collaborative transmission - Google Patents
Power distribution system and method in wireless sensor network based on collaborative transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN101242368A CN101242368A CNA2008100600452A CN200810060045A CN101242368A CN 101242368 A CN101242368 A CN 101242368A CN A2008100600452 A CNA2008100600452 A CN A2008100600452A CN 200810060045 A CN200810060045 A CN 200810060045A CN 101242368 A CN101242368 A CN 101242368A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for power allocation in a wireless sensor network based on cooperative transmission. The method comprises the steps that: a ancillary estimation module of training sequence estimates the frequency impulse response value of a multi-path fading channel between source nodes, relay nodes and sink nodes; a power allocation calculation module calculates the parameters of a power allocation module according to the numerical relationship of the estimated channel coefficients; a feedback module feedbacks the parameters to the power allocation module; and finally the power allocation module sets its filter group parameters according to the feedback parameters, so that the total sending power of the sending data is self-adaptive allocated. It is the optimization aim of the invention to maximize the signal-to-noise of data received by sink nodes in block mode sink nodes, and the optimized system error rate has improved performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless messages transmission field, particularly a kind of based on power distribution system in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission and distribution method.
Background technology
Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology is meant the technology that all adopts many antennas at transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, and it can significantly improve the quality of capability of communication system and wireless transmission link, thereby it has become a research focus in the wireless communication field.Yet owing to be subjected to terminal equipment price, and the influence of factors such as volume, the many antennas of configuration not too gear to actual circumstances on the node of wireless sensor network.In order to address this problem, these two notions of collaboration communication and virtual multi-antenna are arisen at the historic moment.
The collaboration communication technology is a kind of method with distributed form developing space diversity.Utilize the wireless signal characteristics that energy is received by via node on every side in the process of transmission, can communicate information to receiving terminal with cooperating as the transmitting terminal of information source node, thereby reach the purpose of space diversity as the transmitting terminal of via node as information destination node.So, can make the shared antenna each other of each a single aerial system form virtual multi-antenna by certain agreement and come cooperation transmission information, thereby can improve systematic function effectively.And according to the transmitting terminal mode of operation to received signal as via node, the cooperation scheme can be divided into amplifying to be transmitted, deciphers and transmit (decode-and-forward, DF) etc., wherein the DF scheme is because it requires cooperation transmission behind the via node correct decoding, therefore be more suitable for the reasonable situation of channel link state between information source node and via node, and can provide better system performance in the high s/n ratio zone with respect to amplifying the forwarding scheme.
Along with people to the broadband demand of communicating by letter, wireless communication system is just developed rapidly to the broadband by the arrowband.System of broadband wireless communication will face the frequency selectivity multipath channel, and the channel of temporal dispersion will inevitably cause intersymbol interference.In order to resist multipath fading, a series of balancing techniques comprise that time domain equalization and frequency domain equalization or orthogonal frequency-division technology can expand in the wireless sensor network based on the virtual multi-antenna technology.Compare with the orthogonal frequency-division technology with time domain equalization, frequency domain equalization has outstanding feature, is more suitable in wireless sensor network.At first, frequency domain equalization is compared with time domain equalization and need complexity still less be reached same performance.Secondly, frequency domain equalization is compared with the orthogonal frequency-division technology similar structure, but does not have high peak-to-average force ratio and to shortcomings such as carrier wave frequency deviation sensitivities.Thus, frequency-domain equalization technology is incorporated into to resist multipath fading in the wireless sensor network based on the virtual multi-antenna technology be a very important research topic.
Wireless sensor network is a kind of network of energy constraint.The cooperation transmission technology can be brought energy-conservation to system when improving systematic function.And the adaptive power distribution technique can improve the availability of frequency spectrum of system, reduces error rate of system, thereby reduces total transmitting power.The present invention will provide a kind of based on power distribution system and distribution method in the broadband wireless sensor network of decoding forward collaboration transmission, thereby further reduce the energy consumption of this network under frequency selective fading channels.The prior art scheme only is confined under the channel flat fading condition or uses orthogonal frequency-division technical antagonism multipath fading.Consider that single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology is more suitable in wireless sensor network, how solving based on the power division problem in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology has become the problem that those skilled in the art need to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on power distribution system and distribution method in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology, so that improve the availability of frequency spectrum of system, reduce error rate of system, thereby further reduce the energy consumption of this network under frequency selective fading channels.
According to an aspect of of the present present invention, a kind of based on the power distribution system in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology, comprising:
Modulation module is used for the bit stream that the information source node modulation is imported;
The Space Time Coding module is used for information source node and carries out class Space-Time Block Coding coding to modulating later symbol, and corresponding transfer of data is arrived via node;
The power division module is used for distributing power to information source node and via node;
Add cyclic prefix module, be used for adding Cyclic Prefix to the transmission data on information source node and the via node;
Remove cyclic prefix module, the data that are used for receiving to information destination node are removed Cyclic Prefix;
Channel estimation module is used for information destination node and estimates channel;
The frequency domain equalization module is used for the data that the information destination node equilibrium receives;
Decoding module when empty is used for deciphering when information destination node is carried out sky to the data that receive;
Demodulation module, the symbol that decoding module comes out when being used for demodulation from sky;
Judging module is used for demodulated symbols is adjudicated;
The power division computing module is used to calculate information source node and via node power division module parameter separately, then, by feedback module coefficient is fed back to the power division module of corresponding transmitting terminal, is used for total transmitting power of distribution system.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of based on the power distribution method in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology, comprise step:
1) information destination node estimates the frequency domain impulse response value of wireless multipath channel between information source node and via node and information destination node by channel estimation module;
2) the power division computing module calculates the parameter of power division module according to the numerical relation between the channel coefficients;
3) utilize feedback module with step 2) in the parameter that obtains feed back to the power division module;
4) information source node and via node distribute total transmitting power of system according to the parameter setting power division module separately of feedback.
Wherein, in step 1), channel estimation module adopts the auxiliary method of training sequence to estimate the N point frequency domain impulse response value h of wireless multipath channel between information source node and via node and information destination node
SAnd h
REstimated channel condition information h
SAnd h
RComprise the influence of propagation loss, shadow fading and the multipath fading of free space to signal.
In step 2) in, the power division computing module is according to N point frequency domain impulse response value h
SAnd h
RObtain digital collection i and j:
J=arg|h
S(j) |＞| h
R(j) | wherein j ∈ 1,2 ..., N}
I=arg|h
S(i) |＞| h
R(i) | wherein i ∈ 1,2 ..., N}.
The power division module adopts the method for bank of filters frequency domain weighting to carry out the adaptive power distribution to sending data, and its bank of filters amplitude response is respectively | w
S| and | w
R|.
The power division computing module is in constraints | w
S(n) |
2+ | w
R(n) |
2=1, n=1,2 ..., under the N, receive the parameter of the snr computation power division module of data with block mode by the maximization information destination node:
|w
S(j)|＝1|w
R(j)|＝0?for{j}
|w
S(i)|＝0|w
R(i)|＝1?for{i}。
The parameter of the power division module of information source node and via node | w
S| and | w
R| calculate in information destination node.
In step 3), the parameter of the power division module of information source node and via node | w
S| and | w
R| be to feed back to information source node and via node from information destination node by feedback module.
In step 4), the power division module is according to the parameter of feedback | w
S| and | w
R| its bank of filters amplitude response is set, thereby realizes power division.
Because the present invention is an optimization aim with the signal to noise ratio of the data that the maximization information destination node receives with block mode, the system's error performance after the optimization has apparent in view improvement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is of the present invention based on the power distribution method operating process schematic diagram in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology.
Fig. 2 is for adopting the communication system signal transfer process schematic diagram based on the power distribution method in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is of the present invention based on the power distribution system structural representation in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology for adopting.
Fig. 4 is 64 frequency domain impulse response moulds of wireless multipath fading channel between the information source node that once realizes at random and via node and information destination node | h
S| and | h
R| schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is and frequency domain impulse response mould shown in Figure 4 | h
S| and | h
R| correspondence, the desirable amplitude response schematic diagram of the base-band digital bank of filters that information source node and via node are required.
Fig. 6 is for adopting the error rate of system performance schematic diagram based on the power distribution method in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology of the present invention.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, of the present inventionly mainly may further comprise the steps based on the power distribution method in the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology:
The first step: in a broadband wireless sensor network, information destination node estimates the N point frequency domain impulse response value h of wireless multipath channel between information source node and via node and information destination node by the auxiliary channel estimation module of training sequence
SAnd h
REstimated channel condition information h
SAnd h
RComprise the influence of propagation loss, shadow fading and the multipath fading of free space to signal.Information source node S shown in Figure 2, via node R and information destination node D all have only an antenna, and can not the while transceive data.Information source node is used the bit stream of modulation module modulation input, the mode of N continuous character with piece is sent, with x
i 2k(n), (n=1,2 ..., N) the 2k piece character data of expression node i.In the present embodiment, via node R correctly receives the data of first time slot from information source node S by technique guarantee such as chnnel codings.The space-time block code module of information source node adopts class space-time block code mode, and the 2k+1 piece sends data and is expressed as
With
Wherein
(.)
NRepresent conjugation and modulo-N arithmetic respectively.With w
i(n), (n=1,2 ..., N) expression is responded by the bank of filters of the node i of power distribution method control.Disturb for fear of the multipath between piece and the piece, node i is given every blocks of data x by adding cyclic prefix module
i 2k(n) be w through frequency response
iBank of filters after the transmission character data that forms add Cyclic Prefix, its length v is not less than the channel impulse response memory span.After via node R correctly received the data of first time slot from information source node S, the two formed virtual multi-antenna to information destination node D transmitting data information at second time slot.
Second step: the power division computing module is according to N point frequency domain impulse response value h
SAnd h
RBetween numerical relation calculate the required parameter of power division module | w
S| and | w
R|.Under certain total power constraint, constraints can be write as: | w
S(n) |
2+ | w
R(n) |
2=1, n=1,2 ..., N.Especially, | w
S(n) |
2=| w
R(n) |
2=0.5, n=1,2 ..., during N, be the average power allocation situation.In the present embodiment, information destination node adopts wireless multipath fading channel effect between single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology antagonism node.Removal cyclic prefix module by information destination node and frequency domain equalization module are removed after Cyclic Prefix and the frequency domain equalization receiving data, and the signal to noise ratio of the character data that receives with block mode is
Wherein tr (.) representing matrix mark computing, σ
x 2Total transmit signal power of expression information source node and via node, σ
n 2The noise power of expression information destination node.σ
x 2And σ
n 2All can be and decide according to system parameter setting and applied environment, and estimate that specifically implementation method all is a prior art, so do not repeat them here.Therefore, the power division computing module is in constraints | w
S(n) |
2+ | w
R(n) |
2=1, n=1,2 ..., under the N, try to achieve and make signal to noise ratio
Maximum bank of filters frequency domain weighting scheme.The power division computing module is according to N point frequency domain impulse response value h
SAnd h
RObtain digital collection i and j:
J=arg|h
S(j) |＞| h
R(j) | wherein j ∈ 1,2 ..., N}
I=arg|h
S(i) |＞| h
R(i) | wherein i ∈ 1,2 ..., N}.
In constraints | w
S(n) |
2+ | w
R(n) |
2=1, n=1,2 ..., under the N, receive the parameter of the snr computation power division module of data with block mode by the maximization information destination node | w
S| and | w
R|:
|w
S(j)|＝1|w
R(j)|＝0?for{j}
|w
S(i)|＝0|w
R(i)|＝1?for{i}。
The 3rd the step: information destination node by feedback module with parameter | w
S| and | w
R| feed back to the power division module of information source node and via node.
The 4th step: the power division module of information source node and via node is according to the parameter of feedback | w
S| and | w
R| bank of filters parameter separately is set, makes its amplitude response be | w
S| and | w
R|, thereby total transmitting power of system is distributed.The present invention does not require the phase response of bank of filters, and this is with the realization to bank of filters of convenient information source node and via node.
Below will further specify the systematic function that adopts power distribution method of the present invention by emulation based on the broadband wireless sensor network of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and decoding forward collaboration transmission technology.The system parameters of emulation is set as:
1 information source node of ■, 1 via node, 1 information destination node
■ data sampling period T s is made as 4 * 10
-7s
The ■ system adopts single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology antagonism multipath fading
It is 64 that the length N of each symbol data piece of ■ is made as
The ■ circulating prefix-length is made as 8
The ■ via node is operated in the decoding forwarding state
The ■ information destination node adopts the linear minimum mean-squared error frequency-domain equalizer to carry out equilibrium to receiving data
The ■ Frame adopts quarternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation, not coding
Channel adopts quasistatic 6 footpaths unit symbol length at interval, the channel model of amplitude exponential damping between each node of ■
See also Fig. 4, it has provided once 64 frequency domain impulse response moulds of wireless multipath fading channel between the information source node of realization and via node and information destination node at random | h
S| and | h
R|, Fig. 5 has provided and frequency domain impulse response mould shown in Figure 4 | h
S| and | h
R| correspondence, the desirable amplitude response schematic diagram of the base-band digital bank of filters that information source node and via node are required.See also Fig. 6 again, it is for adopting error rate of system (BER) the performance schematic diagram of power distribution system of the present invention and method and employing average power allocation, as can be seen from the figure, adopt power distribution system of the present invention and method, system BER performance will obviously be better than the situation of average power allocation.Therefore, under the certain BER of system requires, adopt power distribution system of the present invention and method will lack, thereby further reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor network than the needed system emission power of average power allocation situation.
Claims (10)
1. one kind based on the power distribution system in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, comprising:
Modulation module is used for the bit stream that the information source node modulation is imported;
The Space Time Coding module is used for information source node and carries out the Space-Time Block Coding coding to modulating later symbol, and corresponding transfer of data is arrived via node;
The power division module is used for distributing power to information source node and via node;
Add cyclic prefix module, be used for adding Cyclic Prefix to the transmission data on information source node and the via node;
Remove cyclic prefix module, the data that are used for receiving to information destination node are removed Cyclic Prefix;
Channel estimation module is used for information destination node and estimates channel;
The frequency domain equalization module is used for the data that the information destination node equilibrium receives;
Decoding module when empty is used for deciphering when information destination node is carried out sky to the data that receive;
Demodulation module, the symbol that decoding module comes out when being used for demodulation from sky;
Judging module is used for demodulated symbols is adjudicated;
The power division computing module is used to calculate information source node and via node power division module parameter separately, then, by feedback module coefficient is fed back to the power division module of corresponding transmitting terminal, is used for total transmitting power of distribution system.
2. described based on the power distribution system in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission by claim 1, it is characterized in that described information source node, via node and information destination node all have only an antenna, and transceive data simultaneously; Described via node adopts decoding forward collaboration transmission technology; Described broadband wireless sensor network using single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology resists wireless multipath fading channel between each node.
3. one kind based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission,
It is characterized in that comprising step:
1) information destination node estimates the frequency domain impulse response value of wireless multipath channel between information source node and via node and information destination node by channel estimation module;
2) the power division computing module calculates the parameter of power division module according to the numerical relation between the channel coefficients;
3) utilize feedback module with step 2) in the parameter that obtains feed back to the power division module;
4) information source node and via node distribute total transmitting power of system according to the parameter setting power division module separately of feedback.
4. as claimed in claim 3 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 1), channel estimation module adopts the auxiliary method of training sequence to estimate the N point frequency domain impulse response value h of wireless multipath channel between information source node and via node and information destination node
SAnd h
REstimated channel condition information h
SAnd h
RComprise the influence of propagation loss, shadow fading and the multipath fading of free space to signal;
5. as claimed in claim 3 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, the power division computing module is according to N point frequency domain impulse response value h
SAnd h
RObtain digital collection i and j:
J=arg|h
S(j) |＞| h
R(j) | wherein j ∈ 1,2 ..., N}
I=arg|h
S(i) |＞| h
R(i) | wherein i ∈ 1,2 ..., N}.
6. as claimed in claim 3 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, the power division module adopts the method for bank of filters frequency domain weighting to carry out the adaptive power distribution to sending data, and its bank of filters amplitude response is respectively | w
S| and | w
R|.
7. as claimed in claim 3 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in; The power division computing module is in constraints | w
S(n) |
2+ | w
R(n) |
2=1, n=1,2 ..., under the N, receive the parameter of the snr computation power division module of data with block mode by the maximization information destination node | w
S| and | w
R|:
|w
S(j)|＝1|w
R(j)|＝0?for{j}
|w
S(i)|＝0|w
R(i)|＝1?for{i}。
8. as claimed in claim 3 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, the desired parameters of the power division module of information source node and via node | w
S| and | w
R| calculate in information destination node.
9. as claimed in claim 5 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 3), the parameter of the power division module of information source node and via node | w
S| and | w
R| be to feed back to information source node and via node from information destination node by feedback module.
10. as claimed in claim 5 based on the power distribution method in the wireless sensor network of cooperation transmission, it is characterized in that: in step 4), the power division module is according to the parameter of feedback | w
S| and | w
R| its bank of filters amplitude response is set, thereby realizes power division.
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