CN101241956A - A making method for large-area nano film solar battery - Google Patents
A making method for large-area nano film solar battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101241956A CN101241956A CNA2008100325544A CN200810032554A CN101241956A CN 101241956 A CN101241956 A CN 101241956A CN A2008100325544 A CNA2008100325544 A CN A2008100325544A CN 200810032554 A CN200810032554 A CN 200810032554A CN 101241956 A CN101241956 A CN 101241956A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the technique field of the solar cell, concretely to a method for manufacturing a large-area nano thin-film solar cell, and the method has the following characters: the monomer DSSC is made to strip, the corrosion resistant interlinking strip is used for series-connecting the strip monomer DSSC to a large-area solar cell, the two sides of the corrosion resistant interlinking strip are respectively arranged with a protecting interlayer, or the low resistance grid electrode prepared with the silk screen printing method is adopted, and the surface of the low-resistance grid electrode is covered with a protecting film, afterwards the low resistance grid electrode covered with protecting film is adopted for parallel-connecting a plurality of strip monomers DSSC to a large-area solar cell, the contact surface between on side glass of the large-area solar cell and the TCO is arranged with a bottling groove, when the electrolyte and dye are pumped from the bottling groove which is arranged at one end of the large-area solar cell, the bottling groove is broken off and the sealing is executed. Comparing with the existing technique the invention has the advantages of simplifying the packaging technology, reducing the cost, and guaranteeing the longevity and high stability of the product.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to technical field of solar batteries, specifically a kind of manufacture method of large-area nano film solar battery.
[technical background]
The brilliant DSSC DSSC that receives is to be the light anode with dye sensitization porous nanometer structure film, according to the photogenic voltage principle, solar energy is directly changed into a kind of semiconductor photoelectric device of electric energy, is to be accompanied by the brand-new scientific research field that semiconductor electrochemistry grows up.1991, the Gr tzel of engineering institute such as Lausanne, SUI height professor leader's research group, with the nano-TiO of high-specific surface area
2Perforated membrane as photosensitive dye, selects for use suitable redox electrolytes matter to do medium with organo-metallic compounds such as Ru as semi-conducting electrode, is assembled into TiO
2Nanocrystalline DSSC, its photoelectric conversion efficiency assigns 7.1% in AM1.5 simulated solar rayed, be described as solar cell of new generation by people, this important breakthrough is that the development of photoelectrochemical cell has brought revolutionary innovation, causes a upsurge of DSSC research.1993, Gr tzel etc. reported that once more photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches 10% DSSC, and 1997, the photoelectricity transfer efficient further brought up to 11%, and this parameter of photoelectricity transfer efficient of DSSC is near the practicability level.
DSSC is by nanoporous TiO
2Film, the dye photoactivation agent, electrolyte and several parts of electrode are formed, the collection of electronics and transmission are mainly finished by conducting film in the battery, because the commercial at present conductive glass surface square resistance of using is more than 10 Ω, its resistance is bigger to the influence of battery performance, in the DSSC experimental study, the general small size battery of making, as the present small size battery of 5mm * 5mm commonly used, continuous increase along with cell area, the fill factor, curve factor of battery reduces rapidly, the cell photoelectric conversion efficiency diminishes, such as, the area of battery reaches 60mm * 80mm, and obvious variation has taken place in the voltage-current characteristic of battery, almost become straight line, compare with baby battery, fill factor, curve factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency reduce greatly, and its main cause is the influence of TCO sheet resistance, be that the electric transmission distance is oversize, thereby cause the loss of electronics in transmission course to increase.Therefore, want in area battery, to obtain good I-V characteristic curve of cell, obtain higher battery efficiency, must reduce the loss that electronics transmits at the TCO glass surface in the battery.
In addition, present DSSC mainly adopts and contains I
3 -1/ I
-1The liquid electrolyte of oxidation-reduction pair, though have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, but because liquid electrolyte easily leaks, organic solvent is volatile, cause the cell sealing difficulty, battery is decreased performance in the long-term work process, shorten useful life, the reliability of DSSC device, stability has significant limitation, therefore receive the leakage that how to solve solvent in the brilliant DSSC manufacturing process, volatilization etc. influences the problem of stability test, solving the key technical problem of device package, improve the stability and the reliability of device, is a several main difficult problem that faces in the device manufacturing process.
Liquid dielectric contains I
3 -1/ I
-1Redox couple, be a kind of chemism, the extremely strong material of corrosivity, its existence makes that to receive brilliant DSSC different with inorganic solid state solar cell technology, cause the cell sealing difficulty, and process complications, the encapsulation of brilliant dye-sensitized solar battery assembly received is more much more difficult than the encapsulation of traditional solar module, and the encapsulation technology of research and development DSSC is the main critical bottleneck technology of exploitation long-life, high-stability D SSC; Also need on the other hand to simplify technology as far as possible, reduce cost, prepare efficient, stable, long-life, inexpensive solar cell, thereby make the DSSC solar cell finally to be used widely.
[summary of the invention]
The objective of the invention is design and overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of efficient, stable, long-life, inexpensive DSSC DSSC and method for packing thereof of preparing is provided.
For achieving the above object; design a kind of manufacture method of large-area nano film solar battery; to comprise the transparency conducting layer TCO (2) that overlays on the glass (1); nano-oxide film (3); dyestuff; electrolyte; monomer dye sensitization solar battery DSSC to electrode (4) carries out encapsulating after the connection in series-parallel; it is characterized in that: monomer DSSC makes strip; adopt corrosion-resistant interconnector (6) the monomer DSSC of strip to be connected into the solar energy in large area battery of practicability; corrosion-resistant interconnector (6) both sides adopt the encapsulating material of epoxy resin macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material to establish a protection interlayer (7) respectively; or the low resistance grid electrode (41) that adopts silk screen print method to prepare; and at low resistance grid electrode (41) surface coverage macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material as diaphragm (43); adopt the low resistance grid electrode (41) be coated with diaphragm (43) with the monomer DSSC of a plurality of strips and be unified into large-area solar cell then; inner solar energy in large area battery one side glass (1) for serial or parallel connection is established a perfusion groove (33) with the contact-making surface of TCO (2); and locate and the solar energy in large area battery other end is all established a perfusing hole (32) at the perfusion groove (33) of solar energy in large area battery one end; from the perfusion groove (33) by perfusing hole (32) after fluid reservoir (5) pumps into electrolyte and dyestuff; fracture and pour into groove (33), adopt epoxy resin macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material to seal in the outer end of solar energy in large area battery then.Described corrosion-resistant interconnector is as electrode protective membrane at low resistance electrode surface coverage epoxy resin macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material.To be the method that adopts magnetron sputtering or vacuum evaporation or spin coating or ultrasonic plating with transparent conductive film SnO:F or transparent conductive film ZnO:Al or transparent conductive film ITO be prepared on the transparent conducting glass as conductive layer described transparency conducting layer TCO forms.Described nano-oxide film adopts oxide semiconductor TiO
2Or ZnO or SnO
2Or In
2O
3Described electrolyte adopts with I
-1/ I
3 -1Be the liquid electrolyte of redox couple, or adopt with I
-1/ I
3 -1Be the standard of redox couple electrolyte too admittedly, or adopt with I
-1/ I
3 -1Be the ionic electrolytes of redox couple, or adopt with I
-1/ I
3 -1Solid-state composite electrolyte for redox couple.Described to electrode employing platinum or carbon nano-tube or carbon nano-fiber or carbon black electrode.Described low resistance grid electrode adopts Pt or Au or Ag or Ti or Ni or Mo material to be prepared from by magnetron sputtering or vacuum evaporation or chemical plating or electrochemistry plating or silk screen printing or immersion plating or spin coating or ultrasonic electroplating method.It is characterized in that: described low resistance electrode adopts Pt or Au or Ag or Ti or Ni or Mo material to be prepared from by magnetron sputtering or vacuum evaporation or chemical plating or electrochemistry plating or silk screen printing or immersion plating or spin coating or ultrasonic electroplating method.
The present invention compared with prior art, simplify packaging technology, reduced cost, the performance of the prepared large tracts of land DSSC battery that goes out is suitable with the performance of unit small size battery, can obtain desirable I-V characteristic curve of cell, has guaranteed long-life, the high stability of product.
[description of drawings]
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of cascaded structure large tracts of land DSSC battery component in the embodiment of the invention.
Appointment Fig. 3 is a Figure of abstract.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4,1 for covering the glass that TCO uses; 2 is TCO; 3 is the nano-oxide film; 4 is to electrode; 5 for storing the fluid reservoir of electrolyte and dyestuff; 6 is corrosion-resistant interconnector; 7 are the protection interlayer; 21 is laser grooving; 31 is strip monomer DSSC battery; 32 is perfusing hole; 33 are the perfusion groove; 41 is the low resistance grid electrode; 42 is cell sealing film; 43 is low resistance grid electrode diaphragm.
[embodiment]
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and this technology is still more clearly concerning this professional people.
The monomer solar cell device can not be made power supply and use after must and tightly being packaged into assembly with some cell series and parallels connections directly as the battery use of practicability, also is use like this for DSSC DSSC.
The present invention has adopted the preparation method of similar traditional silicon solar cel electrode, if monomer DSSC battery is changed into list structure, just can reduce the transmission range of electronics, battery performance obtains bigger improvement, again by the low-resistance gate electrode of printing, reduce the resistance in electric transmission path, make the performance of battery near the performance of small size battery, consider the practicability of large tracts of land DSSC, on the basis of optimal design, can adopt two kinds of approach to reduce inside battery resistance: a kind of is by increasing the connection of inner corrosion-resistant electrode, above-mentioned strip monomer DSSC being connected into large tracts of land practicability battery; Another kind is by printing low-resistance grid electrode; utilize macromolecular material or coated electrode surfaces such as glass or pottery that electrode is protected simultaneously; be prepared into inner large tracts of land DSSC battery in parallel, above-mentioned both connected modes can obtain comparatively desirable I-V characteristic curve of cell.
Each battery must be an obturator in the battery component, be that electrolytical mass exchange must be prevented between adjacent strip monomer DSSC battery, when the battery that is connected in series is accepted illumination when open circuit, the chemical potential of each battery is different, if electrolyte generation ion-exchange between adjacent cell, redox couple is with separated, this process is photophoresis, in the photophoresis process, the unit for electrical property parameters of battery component can descend, in order to stop the electrolyte ion exchange, glass medium or pottery or other erosion-resisting macromolecular materials are as the barrier layer of adjacent cell, each strip monomer DSSC battery need be equipped with two openings for the filling of dyestuff and electrolyte simultaneously, bring the trouble of encapsulation for fear of on glass substrate, boring many holes, design one perfusion groove in battery component, this groove can be used to inject dyestuff and electrolyte to each strip monomer DSSC battery, battery component dyestuff and electrolytical perfusion are undertaken by the perfusion upper left aperture of groove and another aperture of lower right, after dyestuff and electrolyte are filled, the perfusion groove will be fractureed, and all little openings of battery component edge are with sealed.
Referring to Fig. 1, basic structure schematic diagram for tandem type structure solar module of the present invention, be unified into large tracts of land DSSC battery by a plurality of strip monomer DSSC battery strings, cascaded structure large tracts of land DSSC battery is by increasing the connection of inner corrosion-resistant interconnector, and corrosion-resistant interconnector is by adopting coated electrode surfaces such as macromolecular material or glass or pottery to form as film formed electrode protective membrane of protection and low resistance electrode binding post; The corrosion-resistant interconnector of adjacent strip monomer DSSC battery, the low resistance wire of promptly protected interlayer such as frit protection plates with silk screen print method.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, prepare TiO according to the process of making the dye sensitization single solar cell
2Colloidal solution also is made into slurry, and prepares platinum to silk screen printing slurries such as electrode, elargol line, glass dust, prepares preparation TiO
2Nano-porous film, platinum be to electrode, the elargol line, and each functional layer such as glass chalk line,
(1) laser cutting transparency conducting layer TCO carves laser grooving 21 at predeterminated position; (2) utilizing silk screen printing to prepare TiO respectively on two substrates up and down
2Nano-porous film, platinum be to electrode, and as the elargol line of corrosion-resistant interconnector, as the glass chalk line of protection interlayer, wherein the glass chalk line is distributed in the both sides of elargol line as the protection interlayer of elargol line; (3) dried whenever prints a functional layer, and sample places convection furnace in 100-150 ℃ of dried 10-15 minute; (4) roasting, sample place glass furnace at 550-600 ℃ of roasting 10-15 minute; (5) after the roasting, with sample to electrode with as the nano-oxide film alignment of work electrode, under 620-650 ℃ of high temperature, carry out the fusing of glass chalk line, tight seal silver line, as long as the live width of glass dust live width and thickness and elargol line and thickness coupling, after the fusing of glass chalk line, cooling, can form Z type electrode terminal or Z type interconnector by nature, in this tandem type battery component design, the dead band is glass chalk line/elargol line/glass chalk line, and width is 2mm; (6) utilize baric systerm 6-8Bar, pump into dyestuff from the perfusion groove under the room temperature, the dyestuff injection length is approximately 1.5-2.5h; (7) pump into liquid electrolyte from the perfusion groove under the room temperature, and continue to pump into 1-1.5 minute, remove the dyestuff bits, stop then pumping into, allow electrolyte remain in the battery component, if adopt ionic electrolytes, sample need be heated to 70 ℃, to reduce electrolytical viscosity, pour into ionic electrolytes again; (8) the perfusion groove that fractures utilizes frit or ceramic material or macromolecular material, as sealing Surlyn, and all little openings of Dupont sealed cell assembly edge, the area of glass substrate is 30 * 30cm
2, initiatively area is 505.5cm
2
Referring to Fig. 4 a, 4b; basic structure schematic diagram for tandem type structure solar module of the present invention; by a plurality of strip monomer DSSC batteries by the low resistance grid electrode and be unified into area battery; the low resistance grid electrode prepares by silk screen printing; utilize macromolecular material or material coated electrode surfaces such as glass or pottery to realize protection simultaneously, be prepared into inner large tracts of land DSSC in parallel electrode.
Prepare TiO according to the process of making the dye sensitization single solar cell
2Colloidal solution also is made into slurry, and prepares platinum to silk screen printing slurries such as electrode, elargol, glass dust, prepares preparation in the glass substrate corresponding position and comprises TiO
2Nano-porous film, platinum be to electrode, each functional layer of elargol line.
(1) electrically conducting transparent TCO glass cleans, and TCO usefulness acetone, alcohol, deionized water successively distinguishes ultrasonic cleaning 15 minutes, dries up with purity nitrogen again; (2) each functional layer of silk screen printing comprises nano-TiO
2Film, platinum are to electrode layer, elargol grid electrode; (3) dried whenever prints a functional layer, and sample places convection furnace in 100-150 ℃ of dried 10-15 minute; (4) calcination process, sample place glass furnace at 450-600 ℃ of roasting 10-15 minute; (5) utilizing autocollimatic, navigation system will encapsulate the paper tinsel pad, to transfer to TCO on glass, and cover the electric current collection grid electrode, shown in Fig. 4 (b); (6) inject dyestuff; (7) utilize the vacuum laminator will be as the nano TiO 2 film of work electrode and platinum to the electrode alignment and the preparation battery module that forces together; (8) pour into inflow of electrolyte and seal fluid and outflow opening; (9) welding lead is placed in the polyurethane frame then, finishes encapsulation and preparation process.
Claims (8)
1; a kind of manufacture method of large-area nano film solar battery; to comprise the transparency conducting layer TCO (2) that overlays on the glass (1); nano-oxide film (3); dyestuff; electrolyte; monomer dye sensitization solar battery DSSC to electrode (4) carries out encapsulating after the connection in series-parallel; it is characterized in that: monomer DSSC makes strip; adopt corrosion-resistant interconnector (6) the monomer DSSC of strip to be connected into the solar energy in large area battery of practicability; corrosion-resistant interconnector (6) both sides adopt the encapsulating material of epoxy resin macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material to establish a protection interlayer (7) respectively; or the low resistance grid electrode (41) that adopts silk screen print method to prepare; and at low resistance grid electrode (41) surface coverage macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material as diaphragm (43); adopt the low resistance grid electrode (41) be coated with diaphragm (43) with the monomer DSSC of a plurality of strips and be unified into large-area solar cell then; inner solar energy in large area battery one side glass (1) for serial or parallel connection is established a perfusion groove (33) with the contact-making surface of TCO (2); and locate and the solar energy in large area battery other end is all established a perfusing hole (32) at the perfusion groove (33) of solar energy in large area battery one end; from the perfusion groove (33) by perfusing hole (32) after fluid reservoir (5) pumps into electrolyte and dyestuff; fracture and pour into groove (33), adopt epoxy resin macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material to seal in the outer end of solar energy in large area battery then.
2, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described corrosion-resistant interconnector is as electrode protective membrane at low resistance electrode surface coverage epoxy resin macromolecular material or glass or ceramic material.
3, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: to be the method that adopts magnetron sputtering or vacuum evaporation or spin coating or ultrasonic plating with transparent conductive film SnO:F or transparent conductive film ZnO:Al or transparent conductive film ITO be prepared on the transparent conducting glass as conductive layer described transparency conducting layer TCO forms.
4, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described nano-oxide film adopts oxide semiconductor TiO
2Or ZnO or SnO
2Or In
2O
3
5, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described electrolyte adopts with I
-1/ I
3 -1Be the liquid electrolyte of redox couple, or adopt with I
-1/ I
3 -1Be the standard of redox couple electrolyte too admittedly, or adopt with I
-1/ I
3 -1Be the ionic electrolytes of redox couple, or adopt with I
-1/ I
3 -1Solid-state composite electrolyte for redox couple.
6, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described to electrode employing platinum or carbon nano-tube or carbon nano-fiber or carbon black electrode.
7, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described low resistance grid electrode adopts Pt or Au or Ag or Ti or Ni or Mo material to be prepared from by magnetron sputtering or vacuum evaporation or chemical plating or electrochemistry plating or silk screen printing or immersion plating or spin coating or ultrasonic electroplating method.
8, the manufacture method of a kind of large-area nano film solar battery as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described low resistance electrode adopts Pt or Au or Ag or Ti or Ni or Mo material to be prepared from by magnetron sputtering or vacuum evaporation or chemical plating or electrochemistry plating or silk screen printing or immersion plating or spin coating or ultrasonic electroplating method.
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| CN100552985C CN100552985C (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101807625A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-08-18 | 华南师范大学 | Manufacturing method of grid array electrode of crystalline silicon solar cell |
| CN101840794A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-22 | 株式会社Dms | Method and apparatus for production of dssc |
| CN101414663B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-09-29 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Stacking polymer thin-film solar cell with parallel connection structure |
| CN101866759A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-10-20 | 大连理工大学 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN101872686A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-27 | 彩虹集团公司 | Method for preparing dye-sensitized solar cell module |
| CN101354969B (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2011-04-13 | 彩虹集团公司 | Encapsulation technology for large area dye sensitization solar battery |
| CN102129911A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-20 | 乐金显示有限公司 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN102280258A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2011-12-14 | 香港理工大学 | Method for stripping titanium dioxide nanotube film and method for manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN101694818B (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-12-28 | 华东师范大学 | Large-power dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN101752101B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2012-07-04 | 奇菱科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell structure and solar cell manufacturing method |
| CN101877282B (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-12-12 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Dye-sensitized solar cell module and preparation method thereof |
| CN103171262A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 昆山允升吉光电科技有限公司 | Solar energy battery electrode printing screen plate |
| CN105304331A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-02-03 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Series/parallel mixed module structure of dye-sensitized solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN108443807A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-24 | 深圳凯达通光电科技有限公司 | One kind being based on the energy-saving and environment-friendly intelligent road-lamp of Internet of Things |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101354969B (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2011-04-13 | 彩虹集团公司 | Encapsulation technology for large area dye sensitization solar battery |
| CN101414663B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-09-29 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Stacking polymer thin-film solar cell with parallel connection structure |
| CN101752101B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2012-07-04 | 奇菱科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell structure and solar cell manufacturing method |
| US8192509B2 (en) | 2009-03-13 | 2012-06-05 | Dms Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for production of DSSC |
| CN101840794A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-22 | 株式会社Dms | Method and apparatus for production of dssc |
| CN101877282B (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-12-12 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Dye-sensitized solar cell module and preparation method thereof |
| CN101694818B (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-12-28 | 华东师范大学 | Large-power dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN102129911A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-20 | 乐金显示有限公司 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN102129911B (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2013-06-05 | 乐金显示有限公司 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN101807625A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-08-18 | 华南师范大学 | Manufacturing method of grid array electrode of crystalline silicon solar cell |
| CN101807625B (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2012-05-09 | 华南师范大学 | Manufacturing method of grid array electrode of crystalline silicon solar cell |
| CN101866759A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-10-20 | 大连理工大学 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN101872686A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-27 | 彩虹集团公司 | Method for preparing dye-sensitized solar cell module |
| CN102280258A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2011-12-14 | 香港理工大学 | Method for stripping titanium dioxide nanotube film and method for manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN102280258B (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2013-06-05 | 香港理工大学 | Method for stripping titanium dioxide nanotube film and method for manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell |
| CN103171262A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 昆山允升吉光电科技有限公司 | Solar energy battery electrode printing screen plate |
| CN103171262B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2015-11-25 | 昆山允升吉光电科技有限公司 | A kind of electrode of solar battery printing screen plate |
| CN105304331A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-02-03 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Series/parallel mixed module structure of dye-sensitized solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN108443807A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-24 | 深圳凯达通光电科技有限公司 | One kind being based on the energy-saving and environment-friendly intelligent road-lamp of Internet of Things |
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