CN101235451B - Gallium-aluminum alloy, preparation method and application thereof in hydrogen preparation field - Google Patents
Gallium-aluminum alloy, preparation method and application thereof in hydrogen preparation field Download PDFInfo
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- CN101235451B CN101235451B CN2008100069571A CN200810006957A CN101235451B CN 101235451 B CN101235451 B CN 101235451B CN 2008100069571 A CN2008100069571 A CN 2008100069571A CN 200810006957 A CN200810006957 A CN 200810006957A CN 101235451 B CN101235451 B CN 101235451B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing gallium aluminum alloy with rich raw material sources and simple preparation, and can produce hydrogen through rapidly reacting with water under room temperature, and the application of the method in the field of preparing the hydrogen. The gallium aluminum alloy comprises components with following weight by parts: metal alumina 10-90% and metal hydrogen 10-90%, wherein the alloy can produce the hydrogen through rapidly reacting with water under room temperature. The technique will overcome main defects for using the hydrogen such as the hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation and the like, can be applied in golf carts, submarine, automobiles, hydrogen-fueled engines, portable generators, fuel cells and the like, and is provided with wide commercial application perspective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alloy, be specifically related to a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy, preparation method and the application in hydrogen preparation field thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, the energy shortage crisis makes the mankind more urgent to the needs of the substitute of fossil oil.People generally believe that Hydrogen Energy enough becomes the following candidate's energy that substitutes oil as the automobile main fuel.Its resultant polluted air not during hydrogen burning extensively exists with the form of water simultaneously on earth, and hydrogen is all higher than the Energy Efficiency Ratio of each existing class A fuel A.Although there is various advantages in hydrogen fuel, because the production of hydrogen and transportation cost are high, it can't replace the ascendancies of fossil oil in world's energy structure such as oil now.The hydrogen production process that generally adopts is a brine electrolysis now.Water electrolysis technology is also uncomplicated, but current consumption is too big.Wide-scale adoption brine electrolysis technology hydrogen manufacturing too expensive.And the method for heating needs the temperature ability water of decomposition molecule more than 2500 ℃, also is unpractical.Add that storing up the hydrogen link draws high cost much again, promptly allowing to reach technical indicator also can not use, and the too high also incompatible following hydrogen economy of hydrogen production process of cost, because hydrogen economy is based on the recyclability of hydrogen, the raw material of therefore producing hydrogen must be water or other renewable materials.
According to metal reactivity table, the metal that comes the front more is active more, otherwise come the back then, simple substance is received, the potassium energy is direct and the water reaction produces hydrogen, but because receive, potassium is too active, runs into water and promptly blasts, and is not easy to operate, and receive, potassium simple substance produce and preserve all pretty troublesome, less economical.The iron that receive relatively, potassium comes behind the table is very stable, and fe also is easy to produce, but iron is too stable again, and the reaction of fe and water generation hydrogen is very slow, so iron does not lose ideal hydrogen manufacturing thing yet.But can infer, receive, necessarily having between potassium and the iron a kind of can the reaction rapidly to generate the hydrogen reliable metal of operational safety easily again with water according to metal reactivity table.Here magnalium is all proper.Wherein the content of aluminium in the earth's crust is 7.7%, is the maximum metal of content, and production cost is lower than magnesium, thereby aluminium promptly is more suitable for preparing hydrogen than magnesium.
The metal reactivity of aluminium is between receiving, between potassium and the iron, the simple substance of aluminium is also easily produced, aluminium can produce hydrogen with water generation replacement(metathesis)reaction in theory, but at normal temperatures, when aluminium is exposed in the air, its surface can generate the stable oxide film of one deck densification, this sull has stoped aluminium further oxidized, but also stoped the reaction of aluminium and water simultaneously, and can not be from water displacing hydrogen, make under the normal temperature to react to prepare hydrogen and become a unsolved for a long time difficult problem, also make in this regard research be in a kind of state of stagnation for a long time with aluminium and water.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, break through the confinement of prior art theory, overcome the difficulty on the prior art, the gallium-aluminum alloy that a kind of raw material sources are abundant, prepare simply, can produce with the water rapid reaction at normal temperatures hydrogen is provided;
Another object of the present invention is to, the preparation method of described gallium-aluminum alloy is provided;
The present invention also aims to, the concrete application of described gallium-aluminum alloy in hydrogen preparation field is provided.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose provides is:
A kind of gallium-aluminum alloy, it comprises following parts by weight of component: 10～90% metallic aluminium and 10～90% gallium.
Preferably, a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy comprises 10% metallic aluminium and 90% gallium.
Preferably, a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy comprises 20% metallic aluminium and 80% gallium.
Preferably, a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy comprises 50% metallic aluminium and 50% gallium.
Preferably, a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy comprises 80% metallic aluminium and 20% gallium.
Preferably, a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy comprises 90% metallic aluminium and 10% gallium.
A kind of preparation method of aforementioned gallium-aluminum alloy, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) gets metallic aluminium, put into processing machine and be processed into Powdered or particulate state, take out standby.
(2) getting gallium, to be heated to 100 ℃ of constant temperature standby.
(3) be to take by weighing aluminium after the processing and the gallium after the heating at 1: 9 by the gallium aluminium part by weight, put into container and mix, at N
2Protection slowly is heated to 800～1100 ℃ down, keeps 5～10min.
(4) preceding step fused solution is poured into one and is heated in advance in 300 ℃ the mould, slowly cooling is until room temperature, and the demoulding prepares described gallium-aluminum alloy.
The application of a kind of aforementioned gallium-aluminum alloy in hydrogen preparation field under the normal temperature, makes described gallium-aluminum alloy meet water, produces the hydrogen of colorless and odorless rapidly, and the chemical equation in this process is: 2Al+6H
2O=2Al (OH)
3+ 3H
2↑.
Gallium-aluminum alloy provided by the invention, it has good stability in the exsiccant air, can and the water rapid reaction produce hydrogen, with such alloy water of decomposition, can prepare a large amount of hydrogen in short-term, and the preparation device temperature is required low, the easy operation.Itself and water produce hydrogen incessantly in the process of reaction, because the shock action of hydrogen, make the aluminium hydroxide that generates in reaction can be attached to the gallium-aluminum alloy surface of not participating in reaction, the aluminum hydroxide precipitate that therefore instead would not be generated blocking-up have guaranteed proceeding of reaction.
The mechanism that gallium-aluminum alloy provided by the present invention produces hydrogen is: the aluminium in this alloy produces highly purified hydrogen by reaction decomposes water in this process.Gallium in the alloy is a key component, because aluminium and hydroxide radical form one deck aluminum hydroxide film in conjunction with the back on the surface of aluminium under the normal temperature, and gallium can stop the formation of this film, and reaction is continued, and all is used to produce hydrogen up to all aluminium.Recyclable sale of the aluminium hydroxide that produces in this process or circular treatment regeneration aluminium.Gallium in the gallium-aluminum alloy is an inert metal, this means that it also can be recovered and reuse, because gallium is much more expensive than aluminium at present, recovery can reduce produces the hydrogen cost.In addition, when producing aluminium with bauxite, gallium generally has been wasted as waste, and therefore gallium can be used as the bauxite waste product and buys cheaply, reaction process can be used the gallium of low-purity, and the cost of low-purity gallium is low doubly more a lot of than the highly purified gallium that is used for electron trade.
In addition, change gallium-aluminum alloy and make technology metal ingredient ratio in the alloy is changed (improving aluminium shared proportion in alloy), also can reduce cost greatly.The researchist finds, by respectively metallic aluminium and gallium being carried out in the method for the gentle slow cool down melt alloy of processing is made earlier the particle, contain 80% aluminium and 20% gallium, and not through the metal of processing earlier with use the ratio of aluminium plus gallium in the particle that rapid cooling method makes to be close on the contrary.From the reaction principle analysis, because aluminium is the element of supplies electrons in this reaction, the shared proportion of the metallic aluminium in the alloy is big more, and the alloy of equal in quality is many more with the hydrogen of water reaction generation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: broken aluminium that people for a long time think always at normal temperatures with the slow especially technology prejudice of water reaction, in this gallium-aluminum alloy material, directly add entry, can react the hydrogen that produces colorless and odorless rapidly.And described alloy raw material wide material sources, manufacture craft is simple, this technical progress will overcome the major obstacle of the hydrogen utilizations such as manufacturing, storage and transportation of hydrogen, can be applied on golf cart, submarine, automobile, combustion hydrogen engine, portable electric generator, the fuel cell etc., have the wide range of commercial application prospect.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment
Gallium-aluminum alloy provided by the invention, it is made up of the metal simple-substance aluminium plus gallium, comprises following parts by weight of component: 10～90% metallic aluminium and 10～90% gallium.The catalyzer or the protective material that can also comprise other composition.Particularly:
Embodiment 1: the gallium-aluminum alloy that present embodiment provided, wherein the part by weight of gallium aluminium is 9: 1.
Present embodiment also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned gallium-aluminum alloy, the steps include: that (1) get metal simple-substance aluminium, puts into processing machine and is processed into Powdered or particulate state, takes out standby; (2) getting gallium, to be heated to 100 ℃ of constant temperature standby; (3) be to take by weighing aluminium after the processing and the gallium after the heating at 1: 9 by the gallium aluminium part by weight, put into container and mix, at N
2Protection down slowly is heated to 800～1100 ℃, mixture this moment molten state once, keep 60～80min after, be poured into one and be heated in advance in 300 ℃ the mould, slowly cooling is until room temperature, the demoulding is prepared into described gallium-aluminum alloy.Mould can be made different shapes according to actual needs, and then obtain difform gallium-aluminum alloy.
Above-mentioned gallium-aluminum alloy is in the application of hydrogen preparation field, when making it meet water under the normal temperature, it can react rapidly with water, pure aluminum becomes aluminium hydroxide, and in this process, produce the hydrogen of colorless and odorless, it is constant that this gas is met air color, and have the detonation with impure hydrogen of the combustibility, reductibility of pure hydrogen, and the chemical equation of this process is: 2Al+6H
2O=2Al (OH)
3+ 3H
2↑.
Embodiment 2: a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy that present embodiment provides, preparation method and in the application of hydrogen preparation field, its component, method and application are identical with embodiment 1 basically, its difference is that this gallium-aluminum alloy comprises the raw material of following weight part ratio: aluminium 20% and gallium 80%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy that present embodiment provides, preparation method and in the application of hydrogen preparation field, its component, method and application are identical with embodiment 1 basically, its difference is that this gallium-aluminum alloy comprises the raw material of following weight part ratio: aluminium 50% and gallium 50%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy that present embodiment provides, preparation method and in the application of hydrogen preparation field, its component, method and application are identical with embodiment 1 basically, its difference is that this gallium-aluminum alloy comprises the raw material of following weight part ratio: aluminium 80% and gallium 20%.
Embodiment 5: a kind of gallium-aluminum alloy that present embodiment provides, preparation method and in the application of hydrogen preparation field, its component, method and application are identical with embodiment 1 basically, its difference is that this gallium-aluminum alloy comprises the raw material of following weight part ratio: aluminium 90% and gallium 10%.
As described in the above embodiment of the present invention, adopt component same or analogous, method and application, all within protection domain of the present invention with it.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of a gallium-aluminum alloy is characterized in that, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) gets metallic aluminium, put into processing machine and be processed into Powdered or particulate state, take out standby;
(2) getting gallium, to be heated to 100 ℃ of constant temperature standby;
(3) be to take by weighing aluminium after the processing and the gallium after the heating at 2: 8 by the gallium aluminium part by weight, put into container and mix, at N
2Protection slowly is heated to 800～1100 ℃ down, keeps 60～120min;
(4) preceding step fused solution is poured into one and is heated in advance in 300 ℃ the mould, slowly cooling is until room temperature, and the demoulding makes described gallium-aluminum alloy.
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| CN101705381B (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-04-20 | 南京中锗科技股份有限公司 | Method for producing gallium-magnesium alloy or indium-magnesium alloy |
| CN107267815B (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2019-02-26 | 河南科技大学 | Aluminium hydrate nano stick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107758613A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-06 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of co-electrolysis aluminium and the peak regulation energy-storage system of aluminum-water reaction hydrogen manufacturing |
| CN108913957A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-30 | 湖北工业大学 | A kind of hydrolytic hydrogen production aluminium alloy and its preparation method and application |
| CN109136667B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏迅易新能源科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy for hydrogen production and preparation method thereof |
| CN111575487A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Method for recovering products of hydrogen production by hydrolysis of aluminum-based materials |
| CN112811392B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-12-28 | 苏州大学 | Deuterium gas preparation method and deuteration reaction taking deuterium gas as deuterium source |
| US11958045B2 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2024-04-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Recovery and recycling of byproducts of activated aluminum |
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