CN101219068A - Stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101219068A CN101219068A CNA200710308575XA CN200710308575A CN101219068A CN 101219068 A CN101219068 A CN 101219068A CN A200710308575X A CNA200710308575X A CN A200710308575XA CN 200710308575 A CN200710308575 A CN 200710308575A CN 101219068 A CN101219068 A CN 101219068A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bone filler
- dimensional structure
- shaped bone
- array
- grid shaped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bone filling material of three-dimensional grid structure and a preparation method thereof. The material is characterized in that the material comprises a three-dimensional structure body and alveolate cavities are distributed at all the surfaces of the three-dimensional structure body. The alveolate cavities are in regular grid arrangement and the regular grid is of square array, rectangular array, triangular array, rhombic array or hexagonal array constructed by cylindrical boundaries. The bone filling material is suitable for mixed repair of bone injury.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the bone recovery technique, particularly a kind of stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacture method thereof are as the interstitital texture body of implanting bone disappearance position.
Background technology
At present, repair, for example in the reparation of cranio-maxillofacial, bone of body, bones of upper limb, Lower limb bone etc., need to use implant material, it is implanted to bone disappearance position, with as bone substitute at the surgery bone.Consider biocompatibility and the requirement of the no rejection that implants for a long time, titanium is to be applicable to one of clinical planting material the earliest.But for the bigger situation of bone disappearance, common plane titanium net thinner thickness often lacks enough intensity after moulding, is difficult to become qualified bone supporting structure; If plane titanium net thickness is too thickeied, then not only cause moulding difficulty, but also can produce overweight foreign body sensation, and hinder the repair function of growth voluntarily of soft tissue of human body own or osseous tissue.Therefore, the inventor thinks, according to mixing the notion of repairing, the bone substitute that promptly implants mainly plays the bone supporting structure, in the cellular cavity that the soft tissue of guiding human body growth itself or osseous tissue invade bone substitute,, can be fit to became uneven if a kind of stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacture method thereof can be provided, can ensure sufficiently high cellular cavity rate again, bring glad tidings then can for undoubtedly the patient who repairs bone injury.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defective or the deficiency that exist in the prior art, a kind of stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacture method thereof are provided, this bone filler is suitable for the mixing reparation of bone injury.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Stereo grid shaped bone filler is characterized in that: comprise three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing.
Described cellular cavity is the grid arrangement of rule.
The grid of described rule is quadrate array, rectangular array, triangular array, rhombus array or the hexagonal array that is made up by the cylindricality limit.
The grid of described rule is circular array or oval-shaped array.
Described cylindricality limit is a cylinder, and the diameter of described cylinder is 20 μ m～2mm; Perhaps, described cylindricality limit is triangular column, square column or polygon post, and the side size range of polygon post is 20 μ m～2mm.
The area of each grid is 2000 μ m
2～30mm
2
Described three-dimensional structure is Titanium goods or titanium alloy product or the biological structure material that meets the medical science standard; The outer surface of described reticulated bone implant has the Free Surface form of natural human body bone of the defect of required reparation.。
The manufacture method of stereo grid shaped bone filler is characterized in that: Titanium is gone out three-dimensional structure with the mode stratified sedimentation of ald, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing.
The manufacture method of stereo grid shaped bone filler is characterized in that: utilize the electron beam melting method that Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder are carried out the fusing of electron beam constituency, form three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing; The work flow of described electron beam melting method may further comprise the steps:
Step 3 according to the profile information or the data of each synusia, generates numerical control code automatically to electron beam melting equipment input machined parameters;
Step 4, electron beam selectively melts Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder according to numerical control code;
Step 5 is removed unnecessary powder and is promptly obtained stereo grid shaped bone filler.
The manufacture method of stereo grid shaped bone filler, it is characterized in that: utilize the laser selective sintering process that Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder are carried out laser beam and successively scan sintering, form three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing; The work flow of described laser selective sintering process may further comprise the steps:
Steps A designs the electronic 3-D model that all surface distributed the three-dimensional structure of cellular cavity, and converts thereof into stl file form 3D solid graphic file;
Step B, with a discrete slices software from disperse out the orderly lamella of a series of given thickness of stl file;
Step C is delivered to each layer scattering slice of data of orderly lamella in the make-up machine;
Step D, the scanning device in the make-up machine carry out laser beam to Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder and successively scan sintering under discrete slices data computing machine control;
Step e is removed unnecessary powder and is promptly obtained stereo grid shaped bone filler.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
Stereo grid shaped bone filler of the present invention and manufacture method thereof, mainly play the bone supporting structure as the bone substitute that implants, in the cellular cavity that the soft tissue of guiding human body growth itself or osseous tissue invade bone substitute, can be suitable for the mixing reparation of bone injury.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a stereo grid shaped bone filler structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the unit grid structural representation.
Fig. 3 is a mandibular bone free form surface shape sketch map.
Fig. 4 is the stereo grid shaped bone filler that cuts the alternative mandibular bone that forms according to Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a cervical vertebra free form surface shape sketch map.
Fig. 6 is the stereo grid shaped bone filler that cuts the alternative cervical vertebra that forms according to Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is an electron beam melting method processing reference flowchart.
Fig. 8 is a laser selective sintering process processing reference flowchart.
Reference numeral lists as follows:
1-cylindricality limit, the 2-grid, Φ-body diameter, the a-grid length of side, the abbreviation computer-aided design of CAD-ComputerAided Design, the abbreviation of STL-STereo Lithography, develop by 3D Systems company, it uses triangle surface to represent three-dimensional entity model, has now become one of industrial standard of CAD/CAM system interface document form, and this kind formatted file can be supported and generate to most moulding systems.
The specific embodiment
(Fig. 1-Fig. 6) the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a stereo grid shaped bone filler structural representation of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, stereo grid shaped bone filler comprises three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing.Described cellular cavity is the grid arrangement of rule.The grid 2 of described rule is the quadrate array that is made up by cylindricality limit 1, obviously can also be rectangular array, triangular array, rhombus array or hexagonal array, also can be other irregular polygon shapes.The grid of rule also can be circular array or oval-shaped array.
Three-dimensional structure is Titanium goods or titanium alloy product.Certainly, three-dimensional structure can adopt other the biological structure material that meets the medical science standard.
Fig. 2 is the unit grid structural representation.As shown in Figure 2, the cylindricality limit is a cylinder, and the diameter of phi of cylinder is 20 μ m～2mm; The grid length of side a of each grid is 50 μ m～5mm.Obviously, the polygon cylinder can be adopted in the cylindricality limit.When unit grid is non-rectangle, can describe with area, for example, the area of each grid is 2000 μ m
2～30mm
2
Though Fig. 2 expression is square, obviously can also be rectangle, triangle, rhombus or hexagon, also can be other irregular polygon shapes etc.The cylindricality limit that Fig. 2 represents is a cylinder, but obviously can also be cylindroid, square column or polygon post etc.
Three-dimensional structure forms by laser selective sintering process, atomic layer deposition method or electron beam melting manufactured.
Electron beam melting Rapid Manufacturing Technology and equipment can be selected Sweden ARCAM AB company for use, for example, and the EBMA2 type.
Through overtesting, for example precision-investment casting of processing method early, digital manufacturing such as digital control processing field processing method is owing to be subjected to the manufacturing that the restriction of processing technique own can not have been satisfied three dimensional network structure like that.Therefore, the processing method of suggestion employing has: advanced manufacture methods such as laser selective sintering process, atomic layer deposition method, electron beam melting method.
Briefly introduce each advanced manufacture method below respectively.
Atomic layer deposition method: be a kind of can be with material with the monatomic form membrane method that is plated in substrate surface in layer.Ald and common chemical deposition have similarity.But in atomic layer deposition process, the chemical reaction of new one deck atomic film is directly to be associated with one deck before, and this mode makes each reaction only deposit one deck atom.
Electron beam melting law technology: refer at deposite metal, electron beam constituency powder forming.Its principle is that energy density is high after utilizing electron beam to focus on, with high velocity shock to the minimum area of surface of the work, in the extremely short time (part second), its energy major part changes heat energy into, make the workpiece material that is impacted part reach high temperature more than several thousand degrees centigrade, cause the local melting of material or the performance of gasification.The electron beam melting law technology comprises following work flow: 1. with 3D CAD software design part: the electronic 3-D model of design elements (mathematical model, cad model) at first, press the certain thickness layering according to technological requirement, original three-dimensional CAD model is become a series of synusia, according to the profile information of each synusia, the input machined parameters generates numerical control code automatically.2. with electron beam melting technology finished parts: the principle of utilizing metal dust under beam bombardment, to melt, fusing is shaped in the electron beam constituency to make it, sprawl powder and compacting on powder plane, shop, electron beam under the control of computer according to the information of cross section profile selectively be melted to part all fusing finish, remove unnecessary powder and obtain required three-dimensional objects.3. obtain metal parts.
Laser selective sintering process: be that laser beam by accurate guiding makes material powder sintering or fusion after coagulation form three-dimensional prototype or product.Laser selective sintering process work flow comprises: the CAD 3D three-dimensional contouring part of modeling at first on computers, or the 3D solid graphic file that obtains by reverse-engineering.Convert thereof into the stl file form.Then with discrete (section) software from disperse out the orderly lamella of a series of given thickness of stl file.Perhaps directly cut into slices from cad file.These discrete lamellas are accumulated in order and are still designed part physical form.At last, above-mentioned discrete (section) data are delivered in the make-up machine and go, the scanning device in the make-up machine successively scans sintering under the control of computerized information.
As follows about application note of the present invention:
The cuboid that at first designs a grid composition is a stereo grid shaped bone filler to be cut, and for example shown in Figure 1, the length and width height can be within 10mm～500mm scope.Be mainly used in the reparation of cranio-maxillofacial, bone of body, bones of upper limb, Lower limb bone etc.Utilize the surface configuration at required reparation position, for example: Fig. 3 is a mandibular bone free form surface shape, and Fig. 4 is the stereo grid shaped bone filler that cuts the alternative mandibular bone that forms according to Fig. 3.Fig. 5 is a cervical vertebra free form surface shape, and Fig. 6 is the stereo grid shaped bone filler that cuts the alternative cervical vertebra that forms according to Fig. 5.That is to say, be stereo grid shaped bone filler by the cutting network structure, will obtain being fit to the net of required reparation position shape, and implant into body plays the effect of reparation with regard to the growth of bootable human body soft tissue.
Fig. 7 is an electron beam melting method processing reference flowchart.As shown in Figure 7, may further comprise the steps:
The electronic 3-D model of design elements (mathematical model, cad model);
Original three-dimensional CAD model layering, become a series of synusia according to technological requirement;
According to the profile information of each synusia, the input machined parameters generates numerical control code automatically;
Electron beam under the control of computer according to the information of cross section profile selectively be melted to part all fusing finish;
Remove unnecessary powder and obtain required three-dimensional objects;
Obtain solid netted bone filler.
Fig. 8 is a laser selective sintering process processing reference flowchart.As shown in Figure 8, may further comprise the steps:
At first obtain stl file form 3D solid graphic file;
With discrete (section) software from disperse out the orderly lamella of a series of given thickness of stl file;
Above-mentioned discrete (section) data are delivered in the make-up machine;
Scanning device in the make-up machine successively scans sintering under the control of computerized information;
Obtain three-dimensional objects, promptly solid netted bone filler.
Should be pointed out that the above specific embodiment can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way creation.Therefore, although this description has been described in detail the invention with reference to drawings and Examples,, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that still and can make amendment or be equal to replacement the invention; And all do not break away from the technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it all is encompassed in the middle of the protection domain of the invention patent.
Claims (10)
1. stereo grid shaped bone filler is characterized in that: comprise three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing.
2. stereo grid shaped bone filler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cellular cavity is the grid arrangement of rule.
3. stereo grid shaped bone filler according to claim 2 is characterized in that: quadrate array, rectangular array, triangular array, rhombus array or the hexagonal array of the grid of described rule for being made up by the cylindricality limit.
4. stereo grid shaped bone filler according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the grid of described rule is circular array or oval-shaped array.
5. stereo grid shaped bone filler according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described cylindricality limit is a cylinder, and the diameter of described cylinder is 20 μ m～2mm; Perhaps, described cylindricality limit is triangular column, square column or polygon post, and the side size range of polygon post is 20 μ m～2mm.
6. stereo grid shaped bone filler according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the area of each grid is 2000 μ m
2～30mm
2
7. stereo grid shaped bone filler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described three-dimensional structure is Titanium goods or titanium alloy product or the biological structure material that meets the medical science standard; The outer surface of described reticulated bone implant has the Free Surface form of natural human body bone of the defect of required reparation.
8. the manufacture method of stereo grid shaped bone filler is characterized in that: Titanium is gone out three-dimensional structure with the mode stratified sedimentation of ald, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing.
9. the manufacture method of stereo grid shaped bone filler, it is characterized in that: utilize the electron beam melting method that Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder are carried out the fusing of electron beam constituency, form three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing; The work flow of described electron beam melting method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 designs the electronic 3-D model that all surface distributed the three-dimensional structure of cellular cavity;
Step 2 the electronic 3-D model layering, is divided into a series of synusia;
Step 3 according to the profile information or the data of each synusia, generates numerical control code automatically to electron beam melting equipment input machined parameters;
Step 4, electron beam selectively melts Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder according to numerical control code;
Step 5 is removed unnecessary powder and is promptly obtained stereo grid shaped bone filler.
10. the manufacture method of stereo grid shaped bone filler, it is characterized in that: utilize the laser selective sintering process that Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder are carried out laser beam and successively scan sintering, form three-dimensional structure, along all surface of the described three-dimensional structure cellular cavity that distributing; The work flow of described laser selective sintering process may further comprise the steps:
Steps A designs the electronic 3-D model that all surface distributed the three-dimensional structure of cellular cavity, and converts thereof into stl file form 3D solid graphic file;
Step B, with a discrete slices software from disperse out the orderly lamella of a series of given thickness of stl file;
Step C is delivered to each layer scattering slice of data of orderly lamella in the make-up machine;
Step D, the scanning device in the make-up machine carry out laser beam to Titanium powder or titanium alloy powder and successively scan sintering under discrete slices data computing machine control;
Step e is removed unnecessary powder and is promptly obtained stereo grid shaped bone filler.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200710308575XA CN101219068A (en) | 2007-12-29 | 2007-12-29 | Stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200710308575XA CN101219068A (en) | 2007-12-29 | 2007-12-29 | Stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101219068A true CN101219068A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
Family
ID=39629354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200710308575XA Pending CN101219068A (en) | 2007-12-29 | 2007-12-29 | Stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101219068A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101336847B (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-06-23 | 北京天新福医疗器材有限公司 | Metal hip joint combined handle |
| CN102178573A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-09-14 | 北京畅想天行医疗技术有限公司 | Manufacturing method and product of intra-head femur stent |
| CN102666080A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-09-12 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Dies for forming extrusions with thick and thin walls |
| CN103495731A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-01-08 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Method for manufacturing pure titanium porous structure through selective laser melting |
| CN104646669A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-27 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Biomedical porous pure-titanium implant material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104985181A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-21 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Laser scanning method for manufacturing three-dimensional object |
| CN106825575A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-13 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of honeycomb alloy material and its application |
| CN109316265A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 西安迈瑞克增材技术有限公司 | A kind of biodegradable neck Invasive lumbar fusion device and preparation method thereof |
| CN109431657A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-08 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Device, biodegrading process, the artificial bone of external control artificial bone degradation speed |
| CN110292466A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-01 | 深圳市艾科赛龙科技股份有限公司 | A kind of the three-dimensional model construction method and its dummy of anatomical structure |
| CN113722876A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-30 | 上海工程技术大学 | Adaptive iteration cellular network gridding calculation method for three-dimensional model |
| US11404490B2 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2022-08-02 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | OLED device, method of manufacturing the same, and display panel |
-
2007
- 2007-12-29 CN CNA200710308575XA patent/CN101219068A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101336847B (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-06-23 | 北京天新福医疗器材有限公司 | Metal hip joint combined handle |
| CN102666080A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-09-12 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Dies for forming extrusions with thick and thin walls |
| CN102666080B (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2015-04-01 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Dies for forming extrusions with thick and thin walls |
| CN102178573A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-09-14 | 北京畅想天行医疗技术有限公司 | Manufacturing method and product of intra-head femur stent |
| CN103495731A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-01-08 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Method for manufacturing pure titanium porous structure through selective laser melting |
| CN104646669A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-27 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Biomedical porous pure-titanium implant material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104985181A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-21 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Laser scanning method for manufacturing three-dimensional object |
| CN106825575A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-13 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of honeycomb alloy material and its application |
| US11404490B2 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2022-08-02 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | OLED device, method of manufacturing the same, and display panel |
| CN109431657A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-08 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Device, biodegrading process, the artificial bone of external control artificial bone degradation speed |
| US11278429B2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2022-03-22 | Fuzhou Boe Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for invitro control of degradation rate of artificial bone, degradation method, and artificial bone |
| CN109316265A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 西安迈瑞克增材技术有限公司 | A kind of biodegradable neck Invasive lumbar fusion device and preparation method thereof |
| CN110292466A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-01 | 深圳市艾科赛龙科技股份有限公司 | A kind of the three-dimensional model construction method and its dummy of anatomical structure |
| CN110292466B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳市艾科赛龙科技股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional model construction method of anatomical structure and prosthesis thereof |
| CN113722876A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-30 | 上海工程技术大学 | Adaptive iteration cellular network gridding calculation method for three-dimensional model |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101219068A (en) | Stereo grid shaped bone filler and manufacturing method thereof | |
| US20210338899A1 (en) | Controlled randomized porous structures and methods for making same | |
| Fantini et al. | A method to design biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on Voronoi lattices | |
| Parthasarathy et al. | A design for the additive manufacture of functionally graded porous structures with tailored mechanical properties for biomedical applications | |
| Naing et al. | Fabrication of customised scaffolds using computer‐aided design and rapid prototyping techniques | |
| XIAO et al. | Topology optimization of microstructure and selective laser melting fabrication for metallic biomaterial scaffolds | |
| AU2013202686B2 (en) | Surface modified unit cell lattice structures for optimized secure freeform fabrication | |
| Starly et al. | Internal architecture design and freeform fabrication of tissue replacement structures | |
| CN201139625Y (en) | Tridimensional gridding shaped bone filler | |
| Syam et al. | Rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing in medicine and dentistry: This paper presents an overview of recent developments in the field of rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing with special emphasis in medicine and dentistry | |
| Tukuru et al. | Rapid prototype technique in medical field | |
| Dobrzański et al. | Computer aided design in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)–application in medicine | |
| Abboud et al. | Computer-aided manufacturing in medicine | |
| WO2015082023A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing an implantable bone augment | |
| Starly | Biomimetic design and fabrication of tissue engineered scaffolds using computer aided tissue engineering | |
| Wakjira et al. | Current status of the application of additive-manufactured TPMS structure in bone tissue engineering | |
| Manmadhachary et al. | Finding of correction factor and dimensional error in bio-AM model by FDM technique | |
| Harshavardhana | Review on 3D printing of medical parts | |
| Begum et al. | Computational fluid dynamic analysis and additive manufacturing of customised bone scaffolds | |
| Lopes et al. | Rapid prototyping technology in medical applications: A critical review | |
| EP4275657A1 (en) | Fatigue resistant porous structure | |
| Stoia et al. | Laser sinterization aspects of PA2200 biocompatible powder-spinal cage application | |
| Starly et al. | Biomimetic design and fabrication of interior architecture of tissue scaffolds using solid freeform fabrication | |
| Bié et al. | Development of 3D scaffolds models using parameterized modeling | |
| Buj-Corral et al. | Biomedical Applications of the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Technology |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20080716 |