CN101217668A - A mixed image compression method based on block classification - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid image compressing method based on block classification. In the invention, blocks are divided into text/ image block, natural image block and hybrid block according to different features of text/image area and natural image area of original images in the aspect of color and texture; then a compression mode in which palette coding, Hextile coding and LZW coding are combined is used in the text/ image block, a JPEG lossy compression mode is used in the natural image while the algorithm of the combination of the two modes is used in the hybrid block. The invention has the advantages that based on the block classification method, the text/image area and the natural image area can be divided up accurately, and that the blocks are respectively encoded can keep rather acuminate edge of the text/image block so as to enhance visual effect on the basis of ensuring higher compression efficiency and upgrade the peak signal to noise ratio of reconstructed images; the complexity of the algorithm is lower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compression method, specifically relate to a kind of mixed image compression method based on block sort to vision-mix.
Background technology
In actual life, the vision-mix that includes text/graphics and natural image is very common, as computer desktop image and scan image.Because this class image packets contains the text/graphics with sharpened edge, the edge blurry of text/graphics influence visual effect if adopt the lossy compression method mode based on dct transform commonly used to make to it.This is because human eye causes the distortion in zone, image border is very sensitive.And if it adopted simple lossless compress mode then reduced compression efficiency.Therefore, there are a lot of scholars that the vision-mix compression problem is studied, also proposed some effective settling modes.
Compression method to vision-mix mainly is divided into based on layer with based on piece two classes at present.According to three layers of MRC (mixed raster content) iconic model, vision-mix is decomposed into foreground layer, mask layer and background layer based on the algorithm of layer, again coding respectively.Specifically can be with reference to the recommended standard " ITU-TRecommendation T.44; Mixed Raster Content (MRC) " of ITU-T, ITU-T Study Group 16,2005. business software DjVu, Digipaper, LuraDocument belong to this class methods.This precision of method based on layering is higher, but arithmetic speed is slow, has limited it and has required stronger application in real-time.
Block-based algorithm is that image is divided into the identical piece of nonoverlapping size, and block-based feature is carried out sorting code number.AT﹠amp; The VNC of T (virtual network computing) has adopted the lossless compression algorithm based on the classification of sub-rectangle, but it is when being applied to natural image, and compression efficiency is low excessively.As improvement, Amir Said is at " Compression of compound images and video for enabling rich media inembedded systems ", International Conference on Visual Communications and ImageProcessing, SPIE, 2004, a kind of desktop picture compression algorithm of mixing has been proposed among the 5308:69-82..Piece with 8 * 8 is divided into text/graphics piece and image block, and adopts JPEG-LS and dynamic JPEG compression respectively.This algorithm all has compression effectiveness preferably for plain text or image, but when both mixed, JPEG was compressed in the text place and has caused strong ringing effect.The meticulousr Mixing compression algorithm of another kind of classification by Tony Lin at " Compound image compression for real-time computer screen imagetransmission ", IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2005,14 (8): propose among the 993-1005., it has carried out the text/graphics element in image block extraction and sorting code number have greatly improved the quality of coded image.But this algorithm application still can produce stronger ringing effect, and for RTTS, coding rate is slower when the text image of edge gradual change, and the frame number of processing is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that the vision-mix that contains text/graphics and natural image is effectively compressed, solve existing compression algorithm to text/graphics and the same processing of natural image, cause the text/graphics edge blurry, the defective of poor visual effect provides a kind of compression scheme fast.
In order to reach the foregoing invention purpose, the step of the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
1) original image is carried out the not overlapping piecemeal of identical size;
2) color and the textural characteristics of each piece are added up, be divided into three classes: text/graphics piece, natural image piece and mixed block;
3), adopted different compaction coding methods respectively to dissimilar pieces.
Described color and textural characteristics to each piece added up, and is according to the distribution situation of the Grad of each pixel in color category in the piece and the piece, and piece is divided into text/graphics piece, natural image piece and mixed block, and its step is as follows:
1) earlier according to the color category N in the piece
ColorJudge the text/graphics piece: color category N
Color≤ T
ColorPiece be the text/graphics piece; Color category N
Color＞T
ColorPiece be natural image piece or mixed block.Wherein, T
ColorBe to be used for the threshold value that color category is judged;
2) (x y) distinguishes natural image piece and mixed block to each the pixel gradient value G in the reference block.If all pixel gradient values all satisfy G (x, y)≤T
Gradient, be judged as the natural image piece; If exist certain pixel gradient value G (x, y)＞T
Gradient, then may there be text or graphical pixel in the piece, should be judged as mixed block.Wherein, T
GradientBe to be used for the threshold value that gradient is judged.
Described to dissimilar pieces, adopted different compaction coding methods respectively:
1) the text/graphics piece is carried out lossless compress;
2) the natural image piece is carried out JPEG lossy compression method method;
3) mixed block is carried out the method that lossless compress and lossy compression method combine.
Described the text/graphics piece is carried out lossless compress, comprised the compression method that palette coding, Hextile coding and LZW encode and combine.
Described mixed block is carried out the method that lossless compress and lossy compression method combine, be the pixel in the mixed block to be carried out sub-rectangle divide, size, color and gradient according to sub-rectangle have been carried out sophisticated category to the pixel in the mixed block, fill out text/graphics piece and natural image piece according to classification results again, at last the text/graphics piece is carried out the described lossless coding of claim 5, and the natural image piece is carried out JPEG lossy compression method coding.
Describedly pixel in the mixed block is carried out sub-rectangle divide, its method is that each mixed block is lined by line scan, the zone that will include the same color pixel with the boundary rectangle of a maximum represent (x, y, w, h).
Described size according to sub-rectangle, color and gradient have been carried out sophisticated category to the pixel in the mixed block, are group rectangles when satisfying one of them condition, are referred to the valid pixel of text/graphics layer, otherwise, then classify as the valid pixel of natural image layer:
1) size of sub-rectangle is greater than T
Size, T wherein
SizeBe to be used for the threshold value that size is judged.
2) gradient of sub-rectangular shaped rim pixel is greater than T
Gradient, T wherein
GradientBe to be used for the threshold value that gradient is judged.
3) color of sub-rectangle has the color of coupling in dynamic palette, and wherein dynamically palette can be represented with the fifo queue structure of a finite length, only preserves the sub-rectangle color value of nearest comparison domain.The size of group rectangular area is greater than T
Size_tThe time, should sub-rectangle color deposit dynamic palette in.
Describedly filling out text/graphics piece and natural image piece according to classification results, is to fill with grey for the inactive pixels of text/graphics layer piece, and is set and is background colour; And natural image layer piece then filled with the mean value of its valid pixel for the inactive pixels of natural image layer piece in order to keep flatness.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1. can be partitioned into text/graphics zone and natural image zone exactly, and compress respectively, thereby can guarantee to keep sharper keen edge, text/graphics zone on the basis of high compression efficiency, strengthen visual effect, promote the Y-PSNR of reconstructed image.
2. algorithm complex is low, can be used for realtime graphic transmission occasion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the lossless coding algorithm of the inventive method to the text/graphics piece.
Fig. 3 carries out compress algorithm for the present invention to mixed block.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 has provided the flow chart that carries out image compression according to the present invention.
In step 101, at first the mixed graph of input is carried out the not overlapping piecemeal of identical size, the size of concrete piecemeal can be set flexibly according to the fine degree of algorithm process, and piecemeal commonly used is 16 * 16.
In step 102, the classification that the not overlapping piecemeal of the identical size that generated by step 101 is carried out according to its color and textural characteristics.Generally, the color of text/graphics information is simple, and texture variations is violent, and the rich color of image information, texture variations is milder.So, can be according to the color category N in the piece
Color(x, (x, y) distribution situation are divided into three classes with piece to Grad G y): text/graphics piece, image block and mixed block with each pixel p.The color category of text/graphics piece is less, and the pixel gradient value is bigger, and the color category of natural image piece is abundant, and the pixel gradient value is less, and mixed block is then because of having comprised two kinds of information simultaneously, and its color category is abundant, and the partial pixel Grad is bigger.
In the time of concrete the classification, can be earlier according to the color category N in the piece
ColorJudge the text/graphics piece: color category N
Color≤ T
ColorPiece be the text/graphics piece; Color category N
Color＞T
ColorPiece be image block or mixed block.And then reference block in each pixel gradient value G (x y) comes differentiate between images piece and mixed block.If all pixel gradient values all satisfy G (x, y)≤T
Gradient, be judged as image block; If exist certain pixel gradient value G (x, y)＞T
Gradient, then may there be text or graphical pixel in the piece, should be judged as mixed block.Wherein, T
ColorAnd T
GradientBe to be respectively applied for the threshold value that color category is judged and gradient is judged.
In step 103, to by step 102 sorting result, dissimilar pieces is imposed different compression methods, comprising the text/graphics piece is carried out lossless compression-encoding, the natural image piece is carried out the JPEG compressed encoding, mixed block is then imposed the mixing compression that lossless compress and JPEG compression combines.Following mask body is discussed these three kinds of compression methods.
Because the text/graphics piece has strong edge and shape facility, lossless compression method is best selection.According to the less (N of its color category
Color≤ T
Color) characteristics, the lossless compress mode that has adopted palette coding, Hextile coding and LZW to encode and combine, its flow process is as shown in Figure 2.
In step 201, the palette coding that at first carries out is the effective compression to colouring information in the piece.Palette Palette write down all colours kind in the text/graph block (B), index block has then write down the index Palette[i of each color of pixel in palette R, G].
After extracting colouring information, two spatial coherence carries out predictive coding to palette before and after utilizing.With last palette is reference, if certain color has coupling with it in the current color palette, then uses " 1 " sign, and substitutes this color with its index in the reference palette; If no, then use " 0 " expression.
Simultaneously, index block has also adopted the Hextile coding among the VNC to carry out the compression of spatial redundancy.Occupying the maximum color settings of number of pixels in the piece is background colour Palette
bBut not the background colour zone is split into monochromatic sub-rectangle not of uniform size, each sub-rectangle usefulness＜Palette[i], x, y, w, h＞expression (Palette[i] ≠ Palette
b).Wherein, Palette[i] be the color index of sub-rectangle, (x y) is sub-rectangle upper left corner coordinate, and (w h) is the length and width of sub-rectangle.
But about Hextile encryption algorithm list of references 1:AT﹠amp; T Laboratories Cambridge, VirtualNetwork Computing (VNC) [EB/OL] .[2003-03-05] .http: //www.c1.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/archive/vnc/
In step 202, reduced the data volume of text/graphics piece effectively by predictive coding and Hextile coding.Adopt lzw algorithm that data have been carried out lossless compress once more at last.
But about lzw algorithm list of references 2:Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler, zlib-1.2.3[EB/OL] .http: //www.zlib.net/
Be different from the text/graphics piece, the colouring information of natural image piece is abundant, and texture is more level and smooth, can encode fast and effectively to natural image based on the JPEG lossy compression method algorithm of dct transform.Therefore, the JPEG compression has been adopted in the compression of natural image piece.
But T.81 about jpeg algorithm list of references 3:ITU-T Recommendation, ISO/IECInternational Standard 10918-1, Information technology-Digital compression andcoding of continuous-tone still images-Requirements and guidelines[S] .ITU-TStudy Group 16,1992
Mixed block has had the feature of text/graphics information and image information concurrently, realize that effective compression then needs the coding method of more careful complexity.The present invention has adopted size, color and the gradient of sub-rectangle that the pixel in the mixed block has been carried out sophisticated category, fills out text/graphics piece and image block sorting code number, its flow process such as Fig. 3 according to classification results again.
In step 301, by pixel in the mixed block is lined by line scan, the zone that will include the same color pixel represents that with the boundary rectangle of a maximum (w h), finishes the pixel in the mixed block is carried out sub-rectangle division for x, y.
In step 302, based on size, color and the gradient of sub-rectangle the pixel in the mixed block has been carried out sophisticated category, when the group rectangle satisfies one of them condition, be referred to the valid pixel of text/graphics layer:
● the size of sub-rectangle is greater than T
Size
● the gradient of sub-rectangle top left corner pixel is greater than T
Gradient
● the color of sub-rectangle has the color of coupling in dynamic palette.
Otherwise, then be judged as the valid pixel of natural image layer.The dynamic palette here adopts the principle of first in first out, has write down the color of eight kinds of nearest sub-rectangles of text/graphics class.When the size of the sub-rectangle of text/graphics class greater than T
Size-c(T
Size-c＞T
Size) time, its color relation records in the dynamic palette.
In step 303, treat that all sub-rectangle classification are finished after, fill with grey for the inactive pixels of text/graphics layer piece, and be set and be background colour.And natural image layer piece then filled with the mean value of its valid pixel in order to keep flatness.Text/graphics piece that obtains after the filling and natural image piece can have been encoded respectively according to aforesaid lossless compress shown in Figure 2 and JPEG lossy compression method.
Claims (8)
1. mixed image compression method based on block sort is characterized in that the step of this method is as follows:
1) original image is carried out the not overlapping piecemeal of identical size;
2) color and the textural characteristics of each piece are added up, be divided into three classes: text/graphics piece, natural image piece and mixed block;
3), adopted different compaction coding methods respectively to dissimilar pieces.
2. a kind of mixed image compression method according to claim 1 based on block sort, it is characterized in that: described color and textural characteristics to each piece added up, it is distribution situation according to the Grad of each pixel in color category in the piece and the piece, piece is divided into text/graphics piece, natural image piece and mixed block, and its step is as follows:
1) earlier according to the color category N in the piece
ColorJudge the text/graphics piece: color category N
Color≤ T
ColorPiece be the text/graphics piece; Color category N
Color＞T
ColorPiece be natural image piece or mixed block.Wherein, T
ColorBe to be used for the threshold value that color category is judged;
2) each the pixel gradient value G in the reference block (x y) distinguishes natural image piece and mixed block, if all pixel gradient values all satisfy G (x, y)≤T
Gradient, be judged as the natural image piece; If exist certain pixel gradient value G (x, y)＞T
Gradient, then may there be text or graphical pixel in the piece, should be judged as mixed block.Wherein, T
GradientBe to be used for the threshold value that gradient is judged.
3. a kind of mixed image compression method based on block sort according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described to dissimilar pieces, adopted different compaction coding methods respectively:
1) the text/graphics piece is carried out lossless compress;
2) the natural image piece is carried out JPEG lossy compression method method;
3) mixed block is carried out the method that lossless compress and lossy compression method combine.
4. a kind of mixed image compression method based on block sort according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described the text/graphics piece is carried out lossless compress, comprised the compression method that palette coding, Hextile coding and LZW encode and combine.
5. a kind of mixed image compression method according to claim 3 based on block sort, it is characterized in that: described mixed block is carried out the method that lossless compress and lossy compression method combine, be the pixel in the mixed block to be carried out sub-rectangle divide, size, color and gradient according to sub-rectangle have been carried out sophisticated category to the pixel in the mixed block, fill out text/graphics piece and natural image piece according to classification results again, at last the text/graphics piece is carried out the described lossless coding of claim 5, and the natural image piece is carried out JPEG lossy compression method coding.
6. a kind of mixed image compression method according to claim 5 based on block sort, it is characterized in that: describedly pixel in the mixed block is carried out sub-rectangle divide, its method is that each mixed block is lined by line scan, (x is represented with the boundary rectangle of a maximum in the zone that will include the same color pixel, y, w, h).
7. a kind of mixed image compression method according to claim 5 based on block sort, it is characterized in that: described size according to sub-rectangle, color and gradient have been carried out sophisticated category to the pixel in the mixed block, be that the group rectangle is when satisfying one of them condition, be referred to the valid pixel of text/graphics layer, otherwise, then classify as the valid pixel of natural image layer:
1) size of sub-rectangle is greater than T
Size, T wherein
SizeBe to be used for the threshold value that size is judged.
2) gradient of sub-rectangular shaped rim pixel is greater than T
Gradient, T wherein
GradientBe to be used for the threshold value that gradient is judged.
3) color of sub-rectangle has the color of coupling in dynamic palette, and wherein dynamically palette can be represented with the fifo queue structure of a finite length, only preserves the sub-rectangle color value of nearest comparison domain.The size of group rectangular area is greater than T
Size_tThe time, should sub-rectangle color deposit dynamic palette in.
8. a kind of mixed image compression method according to claim 5 based on block sort, it is characterized in that: describedly fill out text/graphics piece and natural image piece according to classification results, be to fill with grey, and be set and be background colour for the inactive pixels of text/graphics layer piece; And natural image layer piece then filled with the mean value of its valid pixel for the inactive pixels of natural image layer piece in order to keep flatness.
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