CN101217489A - Router with network encoding function and network organizing method based on network coding - Google Patents
Router with network encoding function and network organizing method based on network coding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of routers and networking technology, which more particularly relates to a router with network coding function and a networking method based on the network coding. The router put forward by the invention is added with a coding algorithm module, a coding strategy module and the corresponding interface thereof based on the existing router and proposes the corresponding networking method and coding protocol to realize network encoding and decoding and routing function on the router. The network coding on the router is mainly characterized by coding an IP payload on a network layer. The network coding on the router can approach to the upper bound of the network throughput to improve an end-to-end performance. The advantages are that the invention is convenient for using concentration optimization encoding and decoding; the distribution topology is simplified, the hop count from end to end is reduced and the encoding times and the end-to-end delay are further reduced; the delay caused by the correlation when the end nodes are coded is reduced; if an IP multicast is adopted when the router is connected with each jurisdictional node, the invention can also save the time for accessing bandwidth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to router and networking technology field, be specifically related to a kind of novel architecture of the router with network code function and the network-building method of coding Network Based.
Background technology
Network code (network coding) can be used to improve the network throughput and the stability of a system [1] of group communication.In peer-to-peer network (P2P, the peer to peer) dissemination system that adopts network code, end node can make up overlay network (overlay) in application layer, utilizes storage of self and computing capability to carry out network code, and transmits coded data.Network code on the overlay network does not need ip router is made any modification, thereby practical and have flexibility.
But, the network code of overlay network still can not reach or approaching theoretical throughput (throughput) upper bound, main cause is that every connection on the overlay network is usually across a plurality of physical link, and the connection on many overlay networks also may a shared physical link, end node can not be known the characteristic of physical link and network topology usually, problem such as have that network throughput is lower than expection, the end node performance can't ensure and encoding and decoding accumulative total expense is big.
This is that the novel architecture of the router with network code function that proposes can address these problems better.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind ofly have the router of network code function and the network-building method of coding Network Based, so that can promote network throughput and reduce the encoding and decoding expense; And design, realize that the network coded data is distributed prototype system on the router.
Network code is meant in the router node on single information source (source) multidestination (sink) multicast network and encodes on the router, and its principal character is on network layer IP pay(useful) load (payloads) to be encoded.Specifically, the interconnected systems between the router of network enabled coding is made of information source main frame, stay of two nights main frame, route and multi-cast system.Earlier with router that the information source main frame links to each other on, cut apart and encode for the datagram (incoming packet) of arrival.The different fragments of datagram is forwarded to different network branches (branch), and after on the router of process, encode or decode.Final stay of two nights main frame will be received these datagrams.All these processing are all transparent to information source main frame and stay of two nights main frame.
Network enabled is encoded on the router that the present invention proposes, and mainly comprises the content of following three aspects.
(1) designs router architecture with network code function
Existing Internet router is the network enabled encoding function not.And to make on the router network enabled coding, need on the basis of hardware configuration, Routing Protocol and the igmpinternet of existing route device, increase some respective coding modules.But in order to reduce design complexities and to improve overall performance, these coding modules must suitably be integrated in the existing route device, organically combine with original module.
The router with network code function of the present invention's design, its structure connect some ply-yarn drills (line card) 18 as shown in Figure 2 on the backboard switching fabric (switch fabric) 13 of router.Every ply-yarn drill 18 is made up of direct memory access (DMA) module 14, route cache 15, internal memory 16 and medium access control module 17, compare with traditional router, module originally is constant substantially, only increase by 9 two modules of encryption algorithm 12 and coding strategy module, correspondingly also increased the interactive interface between these two modules and the original module.
Interactive interface among Fig. 2 between the module is represented with the straight line that has arrow.On the basis of original interface, newly-increased interface comprises: the interface 19 between coding strategy module 9 and the route cache 15 is used for the selection and the Route Selection of coding strategy; Interface between the internal memory 16 of encryption algorithm module 12 and ply-yarn drill is used for the IP packet that is kept at the ply-yarn drill internal memory calculating of encoding.
And original interface remains unchanged substantially, and original interface comprises: the interface between route processors 10 and the route cache 15; Interface between route processors 10 and the backboard switching fabric 13; Interface between shared drive 11 and the switching fabric 13; Interface between direct memory access (DMA) module 14 and the switching fabric 13; Interface between the transmission medium of medium access control module 17 and router outside; Or the like.
These two modules can go up at network processing unit (NP, network processor) and realize in Embedded mode.Adopt network processing unit to realize, the powerful program capability of similar universal cpu can be provided, have the high-speed of ASIC handle packet simultaneously again.Construction cycle can be shortened like this, the protection hardware investment.
The packet that arrives from the medium access control module 17 of router, at first leave in the internal memory 16 of ply-yarn drill, determine with route processors 10 by coding strategy module 9 whether this packet needs the direction of encoding process and forwarding, promptly should be sent on which piece ply-yarn drill.Encoding process is then handled by encryption algorithm module 12 if desired.After finishing dealing with, this packet is forwarded on the ply-yarn drill of other appointment, sends by the external transmission link that links to each other with this router at last.
(2) network code set network method on the router
Network code will reach the maximum network throughput on the router, also needs to change networking mode.Such as will between the information source and the stay of two nights, setting up mulitpath, to satisfy the needs of coding.So when the network planning and enforcement, will consider the quantity of the direct-connected neighbor router of each router, thereby " multipath " that reach between router-Router connects.
According to the present invention, each router in the network all has the network code ability, but is provided with a switch, and the network code function of oneself can be closed/be opened to router.If off switch just becomes " simply " router of a storage/forwarding, still can give own end node of administering with the data forwarding of receiving; The router of its descending connection can be done corresponding processing.Router will according to the packet of an arrival whether the needs coding determine whether closing/open this switch.
Fig. 1 is an example of the distributing structure of the core distributing network of network code on the router and edge access network.Wherein, edge couple in router (as router-A, G, H, I) is defined as cluster (Group head), and promptly the edge couple in router is head's node of its end host group (Group) of connecting.The transmission network topology of communication group mainly contains edge access network and core distribution networks two large divisions forms:
The one, data processing on the edge access network and transmission.Mainly comprise information source, the stay of two nights, three kinds of nodes of edge couple in router on the edge access network.For example shown in Figure 1, information source main frame 4 constitutes an Access Network with couple in router A; And all stay of two nights nodes that three couple in router G, H, I are connected with them respectively constitute three independently Access Networks.The course of work of Access Network is, at first information source main frame 4 will be encoded or uncoded data are issued the couple in router (as router-A) that it links to each other.If non-realtime traffic, information source node can be encoded in advance, is stored on the hard disk of oneself; If real time communication can be chosen in information source node or couple in router (as router-A) and realize coding.The transmission of Access Network, comprise that also each couple in router (as router G, H, I) that links to each other with stay of two nights main frame 8 is distributed to the agency (Agent) of the stay of two nights that is connected to decoded data, is responsible for data are distributed to corresponding common stay of two nights member by agent node again.Therefore, the network encoding and decoding need not carried out at stay of two nights end node, have simplified the complexity of information destination node function like this, and the cataloged procedure on the router all is transparent for the information source and the stay of two nights.
The 2nd, data processing in the core distributing network on the router and transmission.The core distributing network couples together a plurality of edge access network, and the high speed business carrying and the interchange channel of data is provided for edge access network network (each service access node).For example shown in Figure 1, all edge couple in routers (as router-A, G, H, I) and all intermediate routers (as couple in router B, C, D, E, F, J) that connect them will constitute a core distribution networks, and any data that mail to the stay of two nights from information source all will be transmitted by network code at this core distributing network.Core distributing network structure is mainly considered reliability, extensibility and multipath, to satisfy the needs of coding.And for intermediate router, the restriction that quantitatively has nothing special, the relation between each intermediate router is also without any special qualification.But, interconnected reliability, extensibility and the multipath that should guarantee the core distributing network between each intermediate router.
(3) network code agreement (NCP, network coding protocol)
Network code on the router also needs original IP agreement is carried out corresponding modification, and amended agreement is called the network code agreement.The network code agreement has increased a NCP protocol header newly in the IP packet, it is used to preserve the required information of Code And Decode, for example overall coded vector.Router is inserted in the NCP protocol header between IP protocol header and the last layer protocol header (Fig. 4).
Generation (generation) is a key concept in the network coding protocol on the router, and explanation is as follows earlier:
For network code on the router, the IP Payload participates in coding.An IP Payload is split into a plurality of data blocks in equal.This most original IP Payload just is called coding generation, and the data block of these generations just is called and belongs to this coding generation, and the number of data block just is called the size (Fig. 3) in the generation of encoding.
Coding on these data blocks is meant, earlier these data blocks be multiply by a random coefficient respectively, asks for their summation then, thereby forms a new data block.The data block that this is new can be considered as producing the mixing of partial information of its those data blocks.This new data block still can continue to participate in later coding.But the data block that all codings produce is all represented the linear combination of original data block.
The NCP protocol header comprises following field (Fig. 5):
1. reserved field (Reserved field):
For the design of agreement, RFC (Request For Comments) requires alignment, quickens to handle, and reduces to develop complexity.Reserved field has improved the extensibility of agreement to a certain extent.
2. protocol fields (Protocol field):
It is meant next layer protocol, the agreement under the packet that promptly is encoded, for example User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP, UserDatagram Protocol), transmission control protocol (TCP, Transmission Control Program) etc.For the decoding on the router, when a raw data packets was resumed, the NCP protocol header was deleted, and the protocol fields in the IP protocol header will be changed to the value of the protocol fields in the NCP protocol header.
3. the size field in generation (Generation Size field):
It is meant the number of the data block that belongs to a generation.For Code And Decode, be necessary to provide the length of code coefficient vector.
4. clog length field (Pad Len field):
Integral multiple for the size that reaches generation may need to append a few bytes.These bytes are dropped after decoding.
5. data block length field (Block length field):
It is meant the length of the data block that is encoded.It can be calculated by the length field in the IP protocol header, so it is a redundant field.
6. the number field in generation (Generation Number field):
It is the ID numbering that refers to.Coding can only carry out at the data block from same generation, so distinguish the data block from different generations, is necessary.
Whether two NCP packets belong to same generation, are to be determined jointly by the protocol fields in source IP address, target ip address, the NCP protocol header and the number field in generation.
The router of coding Network Based has following three functions: cut apart and encapsulation (SE, Segmentation ﹠amp; Encapsulation), the coding (EnCoding), the decoding (DeCoding), be respectively applied on three kinds of special routers.
1) cuts apart and encapsulation
This function is the IP packet of finding out from the needs of information source coding, and its IP load is divided into the plurality of data piece, encapsulates these pieces with the NCP agreement, then they is forwarded on the different paths from the information source to the stay of two nights.The Designated Router of carrying out this function just is called SE router (Fig. 6).The data block of being cut apart generation by same initial IP packet just is considered as belonging to generation of transmission session.
IP packet from the needs coding of information source is meant the IP packet that has better performance behind coding.This IP packet should meet the following conditions:
The first, target ip address should be a multicast address.And the SE router is known the mulitpath that arrives the stay of two nights or receive main frame.
The second, the IP load of packet is enough big.Because the NCP protocol header, IP load is occupied lower proportion in whole packet.Performance can not be improved if this proportion is too low, coding should be stopped.
This function needn't only be used for router.When this function was used for end host, the length of the IP load that is used to encode was not subjected to the restriction of maximum transmission unit (MTU, Maximum Transmission Unit), can reach 64KB.So, improved the packaging efficiency of encoding.
This function is the phase I of whole cataloged procedure, and it is transparent to upper-layer protocol.
2) coding
Not all router all participates in coding.As in butterfly (butterfly) model, as long as be that coding is just enough on the router of bottleneck at those output links.Otherwise total network performance will suffer the influence of unnecessary coding expense.This router is called EC router (EnCoding).(Fig. 7).
On the EC router, the IP packet with NCP protocol header of arrival, the numbering in generation according to them is collected in the buffer memory.For each output link, after the packet of receiving an enough number in generation, it is these data packet codings a packet that the EC router uses uniform enconding, and code coefficient is selected from GF256 (Galois Field) at random.In addition, it revises the field of the NCP protocol header of packet.After this, it is forwarded to (Fig. 9) on the output link to coded data bag.
3) decoding
Decoding only is used for the router that directly links to each other with some stays of two nights.These routers of carrying out decoding are called DC router (DeCoding) (Fig. 8).On the DC router, the packet of arrival is stored in the buffer memory of numbering in generation corresponding to them.After the encoding block of receiving enough linear independences, based on the overall coded vector that writes down in the NCP protocol header, its uses Gaussian elimination method these packets of decoding.
Group of DC router administration, the member of this group is the information destination node in its local subnet.After successfully decoding, the DC router is deleted the NCP protocol header from the IP protocol header.After this, the DC router source data packet be forwarded to this group in information destination node.Here, decoding also is transparent to stay of two nights main frame.
The multicast of coding Network Based
For the network code on the router, we consider multicast in the data of many places, single source transmit.Yet, important difference of existence between router network coding and the traditional IP multicast.In the IP multicast, an identical copy is sent in all branches of distribution tree.But but not that so source message is cut apart by the SE node in the network code on router.Different blocks is sent in the different branches, and is encoded on the EC node.Notice that once more this species diversity is transparent to end host, and on each information destination node, receives the identical copies from the message of information source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the networking mode between the router of coding Network Based.
Fig. 2 is the router architecture of coding Network Based.
Fig. 3 is that the size in the generation of coding is 2 o'clock a coding schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the data packet format of NCP network code agreement.
Fig. 5 is the data behind NCP network code protocol header and the coding.
Fig. 6 is cut apart and the SE router that encapsulates.
Fig. 7 is the EC router of coding.
Fig. 8 is the DC router of decoding.
Fig. 9 is the flow process of encoding operation.
Number in the figure: 1 be an IP packet cut apart on the router-A with encapsulation after first fragment, 2 be an IP packet cut apart on the router-A with encapsulation after second fragment, 3 be an IP packet cut apart on the router-A with encapsulation after the 3rd fragment, 4 is the information source main frame, 5 is router, 6 for the coding after the IP packet in network, flow to, 7 is to 2, the coding of 3 two fragments, 8 are stay of two nights main frame, 9 is the coding strategy module, 10 is route processors, 11 is shared drive, 12 is the encryption algorithm module, 13 is the backboard switching fabric, 14 are the direct memory access (DMA) module, 15 are route cache, 16 is the internal memory on the ply-yarn drill, 17 are the medium access control module, 18 is ply-yarn drill, 19 is the information flow direction between the module, 20 is the IP protocol header, 21 generations for coding, 22 Payloads for the IP newspaper, 23 is the preceding half block of original Payload, 24 is code coefficient a at random, 25 is calculation of coding, 26 is the back half block of original Payload, 27 is code coefficient b at random, and 28 are the data block behind the coding, and 29 is the information source main frame, 30 is the IP protocol header, 31 is original Payload, and 32 for cutting apart and the SE router that encapsulates, and 33 is the IP protocol header, 34 is NCP network code protocol header, 35 first fragments that are original Payload after over-segmentation and encapsulation, 36 second fragment that be original Payload after over-segmentation and encapsulation, 37 be that original Payload is through over-segmentation and the 3rd fragment after encapsulating, 38 is the router of upstream, 39 is the IP protocol header, and 40 is NCP network code protocol header, the 41 Payload a for the IP newspaper, 42 EC routers for coding, 43 are the Payload a+b behind the coding, and 44 is the router in downstream, and 45 are the IP packet before the coding, the 46 DC routers for decoding, 47 are the IP packet behind the coding.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below by an example.
With the situation among Fig. 1 is example.Fig. 1 is the data distribution model schematic diagram that adopts network code.Suppose that the bandwidth between router is 1 in the network, end system (comprising information source and stay of two nights main frame) is 3 to the bandwidth of router.Information source node need be distributed to IP datagram (note is made P) all stay of two nights main frames that directly link to each other with router G, H, I simultaneously.
1. at first, according to ways of distribution as shown in Figure 1, information source sends to router-A to this IP datagram P.Router-A judges earlier whether this datagram P needs to cut apart and the processing that encapsulates.If desired, just carry out and cut apart and encapsulation function, promptly its IP load is divided into the plurality of data piece, note is made P1, P2, P3 respectively, encapsulates these pieces with the NCP agreement, then they is forwarded to router B, C, D respectively.If do not need,, directly be forwarded to some routers among B, C, the D according to routing table then according to traditional approach.Following distribution phase supposes that all IP datagram P need be cut apart and the processing of encapsulation.
2. secondly, router C will receive by one of three IP datagram of P after over-segmentation and encapsulation P2 from A.Because C can only obtain the fragment P2 of P from A, do not need coding so just judge P2, directly P2 is transmitted to router B, E.Equally, for router D, F and J, its handling process also is similar.
3. once more, router B will receive IP datagram P1 and P2 from A and C, so router B need generate P1+P2 to P1 and the P2 computing (being XOR among Fig. 1) of encoding, then P1+P2 be sent to router H.Simultaneously, B also will send to router G to P1.Equally, for router E, its handling process also is similar.
4. last, router G has received datagram P1, P2+P3 and P1+P2 from B, F, H respectively, thus just can be by carrying out the decoding computing, and promptly Gaussian elimination method recovers P1, P2 and P3.Router G manages one group of stay of two nights that directly links to each other with it.After successfully decoding, router G deletes the NCP protocol header from the IP protocol header of P1, P2 and P3, and by recombination form, original P is recovered out.After this, router G is forwarded to all information destination node in the group that it manages to source data packet P.Here, decoding also is transparent to stay of two nights main frame.Equally, for router H and I, its handling process also is similar.
Obviously, if adopt the form of traditional multicast forwarding, just can not utilize the bandwidth of three link AB, AC, AD to bear the IP datagram P that information source is distributed to all stays of two nights simultaneously, so network code has improved the network throughput from the information source to the stay of two nights.
List of references:
[1]C.Fragoul?i，J.Widmer?and?J.-Y.Le?Boudec，″Network?coding：An?instant?primer″.ACM?SIGCOMM?Computer?Communication?Review?archive?Volume?36，Issue?1，Jan.2006.
Claims (4)
1. router with network code function, be connected with some ply-yarn drills (18) on the backboard switching fabric (13) of router, every ply-yarn drill (18) is made up of direct memory access (DMA) module (14), route cache (15), internal memory (16) and medium access control module (17); It is characterized in that also being provided with encryption algorithm module (12) and coding strategy module (9), corresponding therewith, also be provided with the interactive interface between these two modules and other module: the interface between coding strategy module (9) and the route cache (15), the interface between encryption algorithm module (12) and the ply-yarn drill internal memory (16);
Described encryption algorithm module (12) is used for the IP packet that needs on the route road to encode is handled, and produces new IP packet; Described coding strategy module (9) is used to judge whether an IP packet has the needs of encoding process, and cooperation route processors (10) is finished the Route Selection to the IP packet together.
2. network-building method that on the described router with network code function of claim 1, carries out network code, definition edge couple in router is a cluster, is head's node of its end host group of connecting; It is characterized in that concrete steps are: the transmission network topology of communication group is divided into core distribution networks and edge access network, wherein:
Data processing on the edge access network and transmission mainly comprise information source, the stay of two nights, three kinds of nodes of edge couple in router on the edge access network, information source main frame (4) constitutes an Access Network with couple in router A; And all stay of two nights nodes that three couple in router G, H, I are connected with them respectively constitute three independently Access Networks; The course of work of Access Network is, at first information source main frame (4) will be encoded or uncoded data are issued the couple in router that it links to each other; If non-realtime traffic, information source node is encoded in advance, is stored on the hard disk of oneself; If real time communication is chosen in information source node or couple in router and realizes coding; The transmission of Access Network comprises that also couple in router that each and stay of two nights main frame (8) link to each other is distributed to the agency of the stay of two nights that is connected to decoded data, is responsible for data are distributed to corresponding common stay of two nights member by agent node again;
Data processing in the core distributing network on the router and transmission, the core distributing network couples together a plurality of edge access network, the high speed business carrying and the interchange channel of data are provided for the edge access network network, all edge couple in routers and the core distribution networks of all intermediate routers formations that connects them, any data that mail to the stay of two nights from information source all will be transmitted by network code at this core distributing network.
3. one kind based on the network code agreement with router of network code function as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the IP packet, increasing a NCP protocol header, be used to preserve and compile and the required information of decoding, and this NCP protocol header is inserted between IP protocol header and the last layer protocol header.
4. network code agreement according to claim 3 is characterized in that described NCP protocol header comprises following field:
1. reserved field;
2. protocol fields is meant next layer protocol, the agreement under the packet that promptly is encoded;
3. the size field in generation is meant the number of the data block that belongs to a generation;
4. clog length field;
5. data block length field is meant the length of the data block that is encoded;
6. the number field in generation is the ID numbering that refers to.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101771553A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-07 | 浙江大学 | Method for transmitting multimedia multicasting service |
| CN103391315A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-11-13 | 杭州东信北邮信息技术有限公司 | P2P (peer-to-peer) network file data synchronization method |
| CN106376021A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 邱岩 | Internet of things-oriented content centric network protocol optimization method |
| CN111447142A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-24 | 东北大学 | Parallel multi-path transmission method based on Overlay network and coding technology |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7756051B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2010-07-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Content distribution using network coding |
| DE602006017040D1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2010-11-04 | Microsoft Corp | Content management in peer-to-peer data distribution clouds |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101771553A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-07 | 浙江大学 | Method for transmitting multimedia multicasting service |
| CN101771553B (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2012-08-29 | 浙江大学 | Method for transmitting multimedia multicasting service |
| CN103391315A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-11-13 | 杭州东信北邮信息技术有限公司 | P2P (peer-to-peer) network file data synchronization method |
| CN103391315B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-05-04 | 杭州东信北邮信息技术有限公司 | A kind of P2P network file method of data synchronization |
| CN106376021A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 邱岩 | Internet of things-oriented content centric network protocol optimization method |
| CN106376021B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-09-20 | 赫里奥(苏州)科技有限公司 | A kind of optimization method of the content center network agreement of internet of things oriented |
| CN111447142A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-24 | 东北大学 | Parallel multi-path transmission method based on Overlay network and coding technology |
| CN111447142B (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2021-09-28 | 东北大学 | Parallel multi-path transmission method based on Overlay network and coding technology |
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