CN101215820A - Tensile and compressive member of assembled structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
装配结构的抗拉抗压构件及其制作方法,其抗拉构件包括细长的空心圆柱形管件,所述细长空心圆柱形管件内腔中,轴向设有从管件的一端延伸到另一端的加强筋,且在加强筋上施加预应力;管件内腔中灌注有将所述加强筋紧紧包裹的混凝土;其抗压构件包括细长的拱形空心圆柱形管件,管内腔中灌注有混凝土。本发明还包括抗拉抗压构件的制作方法。本发明之抗拉和抗压构件抗拉抗压强度高,在承受风荷载和振动时不易疲劳破坏,也不易下垂,特别适用于桥梁装配,更可以取代目前斜拉桥中的缆索,延长斜拉桥的使用寿命。
Tensile and compressive member of assembled structure and its manufacturing method, the tensile member comprises an elongated hollow cylindrical pipe fitting, in the inner cavity of the elongated hollow cylindrical pipe fitting, there is an axially extending from one end of the pipe fitting to the other reinforced ribs, and prestress is applied to the ribs; the inner cavity of the tube is filled with concrete that tightly wraps the ribs; concrete. The invention also includes a method for making the tensile and compressive member. The tensile and compressive components of the present invention have high tensile and compressive strength, are not easily fatigued and damaged when subjected to wind loads and vibrations, and are not easy to sag. service life of the bridge.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种装配结构的抗拉抗压构件及其制作方法,特别是涉及一种应用于桥梁装配的抗拉抗压构件及其制作方法。The invention relates to a tensile and compressive member of an assembled structure and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a tensile and compressive member applied to bridge assembly and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
人类使用多种类型的桥梁来跨越小溪、河流、峡谷等等,已经有数百年历史。目前,主要被投入使用的桥梁有三种基本类型——梁桥、悬索桥和拱桥。梁桥被认为是梁式桥并简支在一系列支座上。悬索桥中使用的缆索处于拉伸状态,且在它们的尾端的桥墩或支座上施加了拉力。拱式受压构件应用于拱桥,且外推尾端的桥墩。拱桥设计类似其它的设计,但是抗压构件和抗拉构件是同时存在于结构中的。此外,这三种基本类型的桥,经过改变或综合之后,能形成不同的建筑设计。其中的一个变体是斜拉桥。目前,这种桥在日本和欧洲很流行。斜拉桥的大梁延伸于竖立的混凝土塔之间。此塔从通行的桥面板垂直向上架立,且用于支撑一批间隔开的缆索。缆索的一端固定在塔上,相反的一端固定在桥面板上,从而给桥面板施加了一定支撑力。Humans have used many types of bridges to cross streams, rivers, canyons, and more for hundreds of years. Currently, there are three basic types of bridges that are mainly put into use - girder bridges, suspension bridges and arch bridges. Girder bridges are considered to be girder bridges and are simply supported on a series of supports. The cables used in suspension bridges are in tension and exert tension on the piers or supports at their ends. Arch compression members are applied to arch bridges, and the piers at the end are extrapolated. Arch bridge designs are similar to other designs, but both compression and tension members are present in the structure. In addition, these three basic types of bridges, after being changed or combined, can form different architectural designs. One variant of this is the cable-stayed bridge. Currently, this bridge is very popular in Japan and Europe. The girders of the cable-stayed bridge extend between erected concrete towers. The towers are erected vertically upward from the passing deck and are used to support a number of spaced apart cables. One end of the cable is fixed to the tower, and the opposite end is fixed to the bridge deck, thus exerting a certain supporting force on the bridge deck.
目前应用在斜拉桥中的缆索是由钢股线组成的,其上覆盖薄的保护涂料,且缆索上被施加了已知的预应力。据报道,目前使用的缆索容易疲劳破坏,这是由于风和交通荷载引起的振动而导致。另外,处于重力荷载下的缆索易下垂。The cables currently used in cable-stayed bridges are composed of steel strands covered with a thin protective coating and a known prestress is applied to the cables. Currently used cables are reported to be prone to fatigue failure due to vibrations induced by wind and traffic loads. In addition, cables under gravity loads tend to sag.
此外,在装配结构中,特别是桥梁,建筑材料大部分是在钢材和混凝土之间选择。混凝土是典型的最便宜的有效材料,且具有很好的抗压强度性能。另一方面,钢材相对混凝土更加昂贵,但具有较强的抗拉强度。由于这些特性,混凝土是典型的抗压构件,而钢材是典型的抗拉构件。混凝土的缺点是它的抗拉强度较低,而这说明了配筋构件给混凝土提供补充的必要性,特别是钢制构件。因此,自从19世纪末以来,配筋混凝土就开始应用于桥梁中了。Furthermore, in fabricated structures, especially bridges, the building materials are mostly chosen between steel and concrete. Concrete is typically the cheapest material available and has very good compressive strength properties. Steel, on the other hand, is more expensive than concrete, but has greater tensile strength. Because of these properties, concrete is typically a compressive member, while steel is typically a tensile member. The disadvantage of concrete is its low tensile strength, which justifies the necessity of supplementing concrete with reinforcing elements, especially steel elements. Therefore, reinforced concrete has been used in bridges since the end of the 19th century.
另一种给混凝土配筋的方法是在混凝土浇注之前拉伸配筋构件,为的是提高混凝土的抗拉强度。拉伸力和配筋构件具有一定相关性,且混凝土构件具有对应于平衡拉力的预压应力。配筋混凝土构件具有增强的抵抗拉力的能力,直到施加的外力超过了预应力的数值。因此,应用预应力配筋构件可以增强混凝土的抗拉强度。不管怎样,在如桥梁一样的装配结构中,仍然有必要在考虑经济因素同时,进一步增强混凝土构件抗拉强度。Another method of reinforcing concrete is to stretch the reinforcing members before the concrete is placed in order to increase the tensile strength of the concrete. The tensile force and the reinforced member have a certain correlation, and the concrete member has a precompressive stress corresponding to the equilibrium tensile force. Reinforced concrete members have an increased ability to resist tension until the applied external force exceeds the value of the prestress. Therefore, the application of prestressed reinforcement members can enhance the tensile strength of concrete. However, in fabricated structures such as bridges, it is still necessary to further enhance the tensile strength of concrete members while considering economical factors.
虽然,现有混凝土构件具有较好的抗压强度,但是,对于许多建筑物,特别是桥梁而言,寻找比单独使用混凝土具有更好的抗压强度性能的抗压构件仍然是有必要的。Although the existing concrete members have good compressive strength, it is still necessary to find a compressive member with better compressive strength performance than concrete alone for many buildings, especially bridges.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的第一目的是提供一种抗拉强度更高,在承受风荷载和振动时不易疲劳破坏,也不易下垂的用于桥梁装配结构的抗拉构件及其制作方法。The first object of the present invention is to provide a tensile member for bridge assembly structure with higher tensile strength, less prone to fatigue damage and less likely to sag when subjected to wind load and vibration, and its manufacturing method.
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种抗压强度更高的抗压构件。A second object of the present invention is to provide a compression member with higher compressive strength.
本发明的第一个目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:其包括细长的空心圆柱形管件,所述细长空心圆柱形管件中,轴向设有从管件的一端延伸到另一端的加强筋,且在加强筋上施加预应力;管件内腔中灌注有将所述加强筋紧紧包裹的混凝土。由于此构件中的混凝土外包管件,有利于维持施加在加强筋上的拉伸力。当加强筋的拉伸力被释放出来,拉伸构件将会处于受压状态。The first object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: it includes an elongated hollow cylindrical pipe, in which there is a reinforcing rib extending from one end of the pipe to the other end in the axial direction , and prestress is applied to the reinforcing rib; the inner cavity of the pipe fitting is poured with concrete that tightly wraps the reinforcing rib. Due to the concrete-encased pipes in this element, it is beneficial to maintain the tensile forces applied to the stiffeners. When the tensile force of the rib is released, the tensile member will be in compression.
混凝土在管件内腔中硬化,可以确保它和管壁、加强筋有好的粘结力。这样,可以维持施加在加强筋上面的拉应力。The concrete is hardened in the inner cavity of the pipe fitting to ensure good adhesion to the pipe wall and reinforcement. In this way, the tensile stress applied to the rib can be maintained.
管壁的作用是保护混凝土和限制混凝土横向膨胀变形。The function of the pipe wall is to protect the concrete and limit the lateral expansion and deformation of the concrete.
所述管件中的混凝土不宜延伸出管外。The concrete in the pipe should not extend out of the pipe.
所述管件优选钢管,也可以是其它金属管或非金属管,例如纤维增强塑料(FRP)管;所述FRP使用的纤维可以是碳纤维、芳族聚酸胺纤维或玻璃纤维。The pipe fittings are preferably steel pipes, and may also be other metal pipes or non-metal pipes, such as fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes; the fibers used in the FRP may be carbon fibers, aramid fibers or glass fibers.
所述加强筋可以是钢筋,也可以是用其它金属材料或复合材料例如纤维增强塑料制成的筋。The reinforcing bars may be steel bars, or bars made of other metal materials or composite materials such as fiber-reinforced plastics.
本发明的第二个目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:其包括细长的拱形空心圆柱形管件,管件内腔中灌注有混凝土。The second object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: it comprises a slender arched hollow cylindrical pipe, and the inner cavity of the pipe is poured with concrete.
本发明之混凝土被钢材外包或是被其它可应用于桥梁建筑工业的材料外包。主要是利用了高强预应力加强筋和具有较高抗拉强度的管体。The concrete of the present invention is outsourced by steel or by other materials applicable to the bridge construction industry. It mainly utilizes high-strength prestressed ribs and a pipe body with high tensile strength.
本发明之装配结构的抗拉构件制作方法,包括以下步骤:The manufacturing method of the tensile member of the assembly structure of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)提供一个空心的预先成型的和预定长度的细长管件,所述管件构成抗拉抗压构件最外面的部分;(1) providing a hollow preformed and predetermined length elongated tubular member forming the outermost portion of the tensile and compressive member;
(2)将加强筋轴向布置于所述细长管件中,所述加强筋具有可施加反作用力的终端,目的是使加强筋轴向延伸于所述细长管件中;(2) Axially arranging a reinforcing rib in the elongated pipe, the reinforcing rib has a terminal end capable of exerting a reaction force, the purpose of which is to make the reinforcing rib axially extend in the elongated pipe;
(3)施加拉力在所述加强筋的末端;(3) applying a pulling force to the end of the reinforcing rib;
(4)将混凝土灌注于管件中,直到它将其中的加强筋全部紧紧包覆;(4) pour concrete into the pipe fittings until it tightly covers all the reinforcing ribs;
(5)保证混凝土在管件中硬化,确保它和管件内壁和加强筋有良好的粘结力;(5) Ensure that the concrete is hardened in the pipe fittings, and ensure that it has a good bond with the inner wall of the pipe fittings and the reinforcement;
(6)在加强筋的末端释放张拉力,以在混凝土的作用下维持加强筋的拉力;当拉力被释放后,切除加强筋的末端。(6) Release the tensile force at the end of the reinforcement to maintain the tension of the reinforcement under the action of concrete; when the tension is released, cut off the end of the reinforcement.
本发明之抗拉和抗压构件抗拉抗压强度高,在承受风荷载和振动时不易疲劳破坏,也不易下垂,特别适用于桥梁装配,更可以取代目前斜拉桥中的缆索,延长斜拉桥的使用寿命。The tensile and compressive components of the present invention have high tensile and compressive strength, are not easily fatigued and damaged when subjected to wind loads and vibrations, and are not easy to sag. service life of the bridge.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是应用了本发明抗拉和抗压构件的拱桥的主视图;Fig. 1 is the front view that has applied the arch bridge of tensile and compression member of the present invention;
图2是图1的2-2线横断面图;Fig. 2 is a 2-2 line cross-sectional view of Fig. 1;
图3是图1中圆3圈住部分的放大图;Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the part circled by circle 3 in Fig. 1;
图4是图3的4-4横断面放大图;Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the 4-4 cross section of Fig. 3;
图5是未灌入混凝土的管件的主视图(其中局部为纵向剖视);Fig. 5 is the front view of the pipe fitting that has not been poured into concrete (wherein part is a longitudinal section);
图6是类似于图5的抗拉构件示意图,展现了一根穿过构件管件的缆索和缆索的拉力施加方法;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tensile member similar to Fig. 5, showing a cable passing through the member pipe and the tension application method of the cable;
图7是图6的7-7横断面图;Fig. 7 is a 7-7 cross-sectional view of Fig. 6;
图8是类似于图6的示意图(但混凝土加入到了管件内腔);Figure 8 is a schematic view similar to Figure 6 (but with concrete added to the lumen of the pipe fitting);
图9是类似于图8的示意图(但混凝土充满了管件内腔);Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram similar to Fig. 8 (but concrete is full of pipe lumen);
图10是图9的10-10横断面图;Fig. 10 is a 10-10 cross-sectional view of Fig. 9;
图11是另一种可供抗拉构件使用的结构形态横断面图;Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another kind of structural form that can be used by tensile members;
图12是应用了本发明抗拉构件的斜拉桥的局部主视图;Fig. 12 is a partial front view of the cable-stayed bridge applying the tensile member of the present invention;
图13是图1中圆13圈住部分的局部放大图;Fig. 13 is a partially enlarged view of the part circled by circle 13 in Fig. 1;
图14是图1中圆14圈住部分的局部放大图。FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view of the portion encircled by
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
参照图1,组成拱桥10的抗拉和抗压构件应用了本发明的基本原理。组成桥10的有一对拱式抗压构件12,和一对细长的隔开的平行抗拉构件14。抗压构件12和抗拉构件14是由较短的构件串接起来的连续体。抗压构件12和抗拉构件14的尾部锚固于桥墩16。Referring to Figure 1, the tensile and compression members making up an
由图1和图3可见,抗压构件12与抗拉构件14是通过联接装置18连接起来的。联接装置18具有一对联结件20,其中一个固定于抗拉构件14,另一个固定于抗压构件12。更具体地说,每个联结件20具有一对拱式托架22,所述托架22通过铰链26联结在一起。此外,拱式托架22的螺纹状内表面28,可与抗压构件12和抗拉构件14的螺纹状外表面30结合。拱式托架22与抗压构件12和抗拉构件14外表面处于邻接关系。如图4所示,侧翼24与加固板32协调连接起来。加固板32的下端具有可穿透的孔,对应于侧翼24可穿透孔34。拱式托架22通过保护螺栓,和可以穿透的孔34,以及加固板32的下端的可穿透的孔,与抗压构件12和抗拉构件14相连接。在螺栓36的固定下,拱式托架22不会脱开。由于螺纹内表面28和螺纹外表面30相连接,拱式托架22沿着抗压构件12和抗拉构件14方向不会发生轴向位移。It can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 3 that the
加固板32具有一对可穿透的孔,联接头38延伸穿入这对孔与加固板32连接。更具体的说,联接头38具有一对细长的分离开的臂部40。臂部40的可穿透孔42与加固板32的上端孔是搭配对应关系,而连接器44是穿透这两孔而连接联接头38和加固板32。连接器44可以是插销,或其它连接方式,如铆钉。连接头38是固定在缆索46上的,缆索46是典型的多股缆索,且覆盖了一层保护材料,如环氧树脂。The reinforcing plate 32 has a pair of penetrable holes, and the coupling head 38 extends through the pair of holes to connect with the reinforcing plate 32 . More specifically, coupling head 38 has a pair of elongated, spaced-apart arms 40 . The penetrable hole 42 of the arm portion 40 is matched with the upper hole of the reinforcing plate 32 , and the connector 44 penetrates through the two holes to connect the coupling head 38 and the reinforcing plate 32 . The connector 44 can be a pin, or other connection means, such as a rivet. Connector 38 is secured to cable 46, which is typically a multi-strand cable and covered with a protective material, such as epoxy.
拱式托架22、加固板32和联结头38用于抗压构件12和抗拉构件14的连接。同样有效的方式,C型夹具48位于侧翼24的可穿透孔中。夹具48的凹槽50的形状,与缆索的形状相应。夹具48是刚性的,用于夹住与抗压构件12和抗拉构件14的螺纹外表面30相邻的拱式托架22。在使用中,缆索46穿过可穿透孔34,搁在凹槽50上。连接装置18就是这样连接抗压构件12和抗拉构件14的。Arch brackets 22 , reinforcement plates 32 and joints 38 are used for connection of
如图2所示,平行隔离开的横向构件52铺展于抗拉构件14之间。横向构件52和抗压构件12在横截面中形成三角形,抗压构件12在拱的顶端连接在一起。横向构件52沿着抗拉构件14布置在每个连接装置18的附近,抗拉构件14的连接机构是公知技术。连结横向构件52的是桥面板54,作为拱桥10供车辆和行人可通行的是表面56。从桥面板54两边向上架立的是护栏58。护栏58可延伸超出由抗压构件12构成的拱的范围,正如图1所示。过渡坡道60是作为最初通行面62到桥面板的通行面56的过渡段。As shown in FIG. 2 , parallel spaced apart cross members 52 are spread between
在实践中,抗拉构件14和抗压构件12组装长度比使用的总长度要小。In practice, the combined length of the
如图5所示,管件64是形成抗压构件12和抗拉构件14的组成部分。如图5和图10所示,管件64是空心圆柱形管,具有外壁66。然而,管件64的其它构造也是协调搭配的。作为管件64的材料更适宜为钢材或纤维增强塑料(FRP)。显而易见,外壁66不必要有充足的厚度,实际上取决于使用,三毫米是可行的。在形成抗拉构件14时,加强筋68布置于管件64的内部。更可取地,如图7所示,加强筋68处于管件64内部空间的中心位置。加强筋68可以是高强钢加强筋或FRP,而FRP使用的纤维可以是碳纤维、芳族聚酸胺纤维或玻璃纤维。连接加强筋68的两个端部70的是一对紧握夹具72。其中,一个夹具是固定不动的,而另一个夹具连接张力装置,如图7的箭头所示。另一可行方式,是两个紧握夹具72可以连接张力装置,从而使张力分配到加强筋68上。当通过紧握夹具72和张力装置施加拉力于加强筋68上时,混凝土74灌入管件64的内部,且包围加强筋68,直到混凝土74距离管件64的尾端76为一预定长度。为确保混凝土74不会超出预定长度,一对尾盖安装在尾端76,直到混凝土74养护至固化。在管件64中,灌入的混凝土74包围加强筋68(参见图10),维持张拉力在加强筋68上,直到混凝土固化。加强筋68在混凝土74的影响下,轴向移动会受到约束。因此,通过加强筋68张力的释放,抗拉构件14中施加了预压应力。这样,抗拉构件14集中了这些优点,分别是预应力混凝土增强的抗拉强度和管件64限制混凝土74横向膨胀引起的增强的抗拉强度。因此,加强筋68是很重要的;如图9所示,它并不从管件64的尾端76突出。As shown in FIG. 5 ,
加强筋68的种类和大小、管件64的材质及管壁厚度和混凝土74的种类都是可以调整的,主要取决于抗拉构件应用目标和所需承受荷载的特征。这一点,根据公知技术常识,就可以理解。此外,加强筋68的数量和类型也是可以调整的。如图11,本实施例是使用13根加强筋68,布置在管件64中。加强筋68的数量,主要取决于抗拉构件的应用目标和所需承受荷载的特征。The type and size of the reinforcing
应用于拱桥10的抗压构件12,类似于抗拉构件14的构成方式。然而,在抗压构件12中,管件64中没有具有张力的加强筋68。只是简单地将混凝土74灌入管件64的内腔。抗压构件12具有的优点是,在管壁的约束下,混凝土具有更强的抗压强度。管件64可以限制混凝土74的横向膨胀。管件64本身不会携带任何轴向力。由于混凝土的横向膨胀,在管的圆周方向有环向应力,致使混凝土的横向膨胀能被有效的约束。The
如图1、图13和图14所示,抗压构件12和抗拉构件14是由许多较短的短构件连成一串的。图13阐明了抗压构件12串连起来的方式。如图13所示,混凝土74没有完全延伸到管件64的尾端,而终止于尾端76之前。每个抗拉构件12的尾端放置了一个钢性插入物78。如图13所示,钢性插入物78连接一个个抗压构件12到另一个。抗压构件12的尾端76之间存在一定距离。因此,管件64并不携带任何轴向力。刚性插入物78也可以替换为一种高强硅酸盐材料。刚性插入物78的作用是从一个抗压构件12传递压力到另一个构件。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 13 and Figure 14, the
如图1和图14所示,抗拉构件14是由短构件连接成串。由图14可见,为将两个抗拉构件14连接在一起,混凝土74并没有触及管件64的尾端76。连接件80附属在加强筋68的尾端82。连接件80的作用是连接螺纹杆84和尾端82。一种螺纹杆84是逆时针螺纹,而反向的螺纹杆84是顺时针螺纹。反向的螺纹杆84和拉线螺丝86连接在一起。拉线螺丝86可以施加拉力于加强筋68。当拉线螺丝86安装之后,预定数量的拉力施加在加强筋68上,水泥浆88浇注在连接件80、螺纹杆84和拉线螺丝86的周围,装配成一整体。因此,抗压构件12和抗拉构件14都是连接成一串的。As shown in Figures 1 and 14, the
这样,抗压构件12和抗拉构件14可以用于装配结构,如拱桥,且根据承受的荷载特征,可以更经济地应用抗压构件和抗拉构件于此种结构。除拱桥之外,抗拉构件14也可应用于其它桥梁和建筑结构。在斜拉桥90中,抗拉构件14的一种特殊的用途就是替代传统的斜拉索,如图12所示。在这项应用中,抗拉构件14的作用是拉住桥面板。在这里,抗拉构件14的一个端部固定桥面板54,相反的一端连接在众多竖立的混凝土塔92之一。其中,图11的抗拉构件14具有多股加强筋68,其应用更加广泛。当抗拉构件14替代传统的斜拉索应用于斜拉桥时,由于加强筋68有混凝土保护,这会减少加强筋由于振动引起的疲劳。此外,抗拉构件14不易应力松弛,而应力松弛这种现象在目前的斜拉索中却是很常见的。In this way,
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102635063A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Post-tensioned prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete superposition bridge pier and construction method thereof |
CN102635064A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Pre-tensioned prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete superposition bridge pier and construction method thereof |
CN104652243A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-27 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | FRP tube concrete and FRP corrugated plate combined buried arch bridge and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102635063A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Post-tensioned prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete superposition bridge pier and construction method thereof |
CN102635064A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Pre-tensioned prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete superposition bridge pier and construction method thereof |
CN104652243A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-27 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | FRP tube concrete and FRP corrugated plate combined buried arch bridge and construction method thereof |
CN104652243B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-01-18 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | FRP tube concrete and FRP corrugated plate combined buried arch bridge and construction method thereof |
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