CN101208895A - Block acknowledgement request apparatus, systems, and methods - Google Patents
Block acknowledgement request apparatus, systems, and methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN101208895A CN101208895A CN200680023123.0A CN200680023123A CN101208895A CN 101208895 A CN101208895 A CN 101208895A CN 200680023123 A CN200680023123 A CN 200680023123A CN 101208895 A CN101208895 A CN 101208895A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 12
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
- H04L1/1896—ARQ related signaling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
- H04L1/1621—Group acknowledgement, i.e. the acknowledgement message defining a range of identifiers, e.g. of sequence numbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
- H04L1/1685—Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted in response to a specific request, e.g. to a polling signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Embodiments of block acknowledgements request apparatus, systems, and methods are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. An originator operating in a frame-aggregating mode sends a multiple-frame data block to a receiver. The block may include a header for each frame. The header may have an indicator set to indicate a block acknowledgement request. When the multiple-frame block is received with the header of each frame indicating a block acknowledgement request, the receiver may respond with a block acknowledgement for the entire block of frames, without waiting for a separate block acknowledgement request to be sent by the originator following the multiple-frame block.
Description
Technical field
Theme of the present invention relates to communication system, more particularly relates to the wireless transmission and the reception of data in the communication system.
Background technology
In Modern Communication System, data send to another communication node from a communication node through network with block form usually.The pay(useful) load that these groupings generally include one or more headers and sent, receive and use by communication node as useful data, this transfer of data in media interviews control (MAC) agreement may be carried out with relatively slow transmission rate.
Transmitting and receiving operating period, shaking hands to confirm that the data that transmitted are correctly received.Usually request is confirmed after transmission node sends data block.If make a mistake, then return error check, then data retransmission to this transmission node.
Usually must repeat to send and confirm to ask.Confirm that request can repeat to send, and further reduces overall transmission rate thus in follow-up physical layer protocol.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the communication system of various embodiments according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 describes to be used to realize that piece confirms the form of medium access control protocol header of the various embodiments of request.
Fig. 3 is the sheet format of designator of describing the medium access control protocol header of various embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the form of the multiframe data block of the various embodiments according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that various embodiments is used for the flow chart that piece is confirmed the multiple transmission method of control according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that various embodiments is used for the flow chart that piece is confirmed the multiple method of reseptance of control according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the communication system 100 of the various embodiments according to the present invention.Communication system 100 has wireless launcher 10.Wireless launcher 10 is coupled to D and D/A converter (ADC) and emitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) 11.ADC and Tx/Rx11 convert signal to analog signal from digital signal on the transmit direction of wireless launcher 10, and on the receive direction of wireless launcher 10 the signal from analog conversion of signals are become digital signal.Wireless launcher 10 also is coupled to processor 13.The operation of processor 13 control reflectors 10.
ADC and Tx/Rx11 are coupled to antenna 12.Antenna 12 can be directional antenna or omnidirectional antenna, comprise such as but not limited to, dipole antenna, unipole antenna, paster antenna, loop antenna, microstrip antenna or be applicable to emission and/or receive the antenna of the multiple other types of data-signal.In certain embodiments, wireless launcher can have a plurality of antennas.
ADC and Tx/Rx21 are coupled to antenna 22.Antenna 22 can be directional antenna or omnidirectional antenna, comprise such as but not limited to, dipole antenna, unipole antenna, paster antenna, loop antenna, microstrip antenna or be applicable to emission and/or receive the antenna of the multiple other types of data-signal.In certain embodiments, wireless receiver 20 can have a plurality of antennas.
The communication system 100 of Fig. 1 can be wherein to be suitable for Electrical and Electronic engineering association (IEEE) standard in the standard 802.11 of issue in 1998 and the communication system of follow-up revision thereof.IEEE802.11 standard mesh prerequisite is for the definition that is used for media interviews control (MAC) header and service.In 2003, created IEEE802.11 task groups n (TGn).The target of TGn is will define modification to physical layer (PHY) and MAC layer to be used to deliver the throughput of per second 100 megabits at least.Propose the stage before the IEEE802.11n standard mesh.Some proposals exist.802.11n another target of standard is backward compatible with standard 802.11 a/b/g.
Such as the previous standard proposition reflector of draft IEEE802.11e standard and the arrangement of shaking hands between the receiver.In this arranges, send the piece of Frame, but each individual data frame is sent as independent transmission.Each Frame has its affirmation that is made as " 1,1, " (ack) strategy, and " 1,1, " indicator collet is confirmed (BA).Next, originators sends independent piece affirmation request (BAR) frame and solicits (solicit) BA response.Respond with (BA) frame by the recipient then.
The routine that reflector can also be selected to solicit individual data frame is confirmed.This realizes by being made as " 0,0 " (this will impel the recipient with the response of conventional ack (affirmation) frame) to the ack strategy of individual data frame.
There is the chance of the efficient that improves this exchange in utilization to the desired high data rate of ieee standard 802.11n.A crucial enhancing is that a plurality of Frames are accumulated once transmission.When doing like this, can revise described conventional affirmation mechanism and further raise the efficiency.
In an embodiment of the present invention, wireless launcher can be carried out non-aggregate transmission or aggregate transmission.In aggregate transmission, wireless launcher 10 pools piece with one or more Frames, then piece is sent as once transmitting.Utilize transmission characteristic impliedly to notify the signaling field of the head that aggregate transmission or utilization be positioned at transmission to notify aggregate transmission.
If desired the piece of the data that converge is confirmed that then wireless launcher 10 is made as " 0,0 " (conventional ack strategy) with the ack strategy in each Frame in the aggregate transmission.
, wireless launcher 10 confirms that then each Frame in the aggregate transmission will have setting of ack strategy or the sign that is made as " 1,1 " (piece ack strategy) if selecting to use conventional BAR frame (or in identical traffic or in subsequent transmission) to solicit piece.
Therefore the use of conventional ack strategy has new implication: when using in the Frame in non-aggregate transmission, conventional ACK strategy is solicited the ACK frame from the recipient.When in the one or more Frames in aggregate transmission it being set, conventional ACK strategy is solicited the BA frame from the recipient.
Aggregate transmission sends to wireless receiver 20 from reflector 10 via ADC and Tx/Rx11, antenna 12, wireless network 30, antenna 22 and ADC and Tx/Rx21.
Therefore, the field in the header of the Frame of use formation aggregate transmission is asked BA, but not transmits independent BAR frame by reflector 10.Still can use BAR when reflector 10 is discarded Frame, to carry out sequence number synchronization and the buffer of bettering a record as required.Using field in the header of each Frame (formation aggregate transmission) to solicit BA can improve with respect to the reliability that sends independent BAR frame, especially converge in situation in the identical transmission together in BAR frame and data, solicit because in each Frame, repeat.Cancellation BAR can also eliminate the ambiguity when not receiving the BA response.Do not detect response transmission if receive any Frame or originators, then can not receive the BA response.Because latter's originators does not detect the possibility of response transmission very little (input is more than the demodulation robust), complete retransmits so need immediately, rather than retransmits BAR, reception BA, and then retransmits the complete piece that converges.
When reflector 10 received BA, the sign of the correct frame that receives was included among the BA.If any mistake takes place, then reflector 10 only retransmits the frame of the piece that is not identified in this piece., reflector do not confirm that then all frames of this multiframe piece all need to retransmit if receiving piece.
Fig. 2 is a form of describing the medium access control protocol header 201 of the various embodiments be used to realize BAR.Media interviews control (MAC) header 201 connects with frame 205.In an embodiment, frame 205 can comprise from 0 data to thousands of eight bit bytes.An eight bit byte is 8 or a byte.
Notice BA solicits in service quality (QoS) control field 203.For example, QoS control field 203 can be long for 2 eight bit bytes.Hereinafter will explain the specific setting that BA solicits.
Fig. 3 is the sheet format 300 of ack policy field of QoS control field of describing the medium access control protocol header of various embodiments of the present invention.The position 301 and 302 indication reflectors 10 (Fig. 1) of ACK (affirmation) policy field 203 (referring to Fig. 2) and affirmation or other strategies of shaking hands between the receiver 20.Position 301 and 302 is called the position 5 and 6 of piece affirmation mode.
Position 5 and 6 is corresponding to value: 0,1 of any BA is not asked in indication; 1,0 of explicit BA is not asked in indication; And 1,1 of BA is asked in indication after each piece.
When the value 304 of position 301 value 303 and position 302 as shown in Figure 3 was respectively, have two kinds of implications at 0,0 o'clock for this configuration.If receive this frame in non-aggregate transmission, then first kind of implication is to return BA.
Second kind of implication, 305 indications of strategy receive aggregate transmission if shake hands, and then will return BA to originators immediately after this aggregate transmission.
So for various embodiments of the present invention, second kind of implication 305 controlled the strategy of shaking hands that converges in the multiframe transmission.Therefore, the complete transmission for a plurality of Frames only sends a BA.The BA of notice solicits and sends in the header 201 (for example header in the QoS control field 203 among Fig. 2) of this each Frame of BA response.Need not after the transmission of frame piece, to send independent BAR.This can improve efficiency of transmission.
Fig. 4 is the form of the multiframe data block of the various embodiments according to the present invention.Multiframe data block 400 can have general N data shown in 401,402 and 403.Though Fig. 4 describes three Frames, multiframe data block 400 can comprise more or less Frame.
In one embodiment, the position 5 and 6 with the mac header of each Frame is made as 0,0.Therefore, when receiver receives N Frame 401-403, only return a BA to originators for whole multiframe data block 400.Therefore with respect to after each Frame, returning BA, can realize sizable saving except that all BA message and BAR last by cancellation to originators.In addition, originators need not to send independent BAR after the transmission of multiframe data block 400, and this can improve efficiency of transmission potentially.
Fig. 5 is that various embodiments is used for the flow chart that piece is confirmed the multiple transmission method 500 of control according to the present invention.Transmission behavior flow process can start from frame 501.Frame 501 comprises that the one or more Frames of wait are ready by reflector 10 transmission.With a plurality of frames converge in be used in the single multiframe data block transmission.This data block 400 shown in Fig. 4.
In frame 503, determine whether this transfer of data needs piece to confirm request (BAR).Traditional if desired BAR (for example being used for sequence number synchronization), then frame 503 transfers control to frame 505 through the "Yes" path.In frame 505, in each Frame with the ACK strategy the position 5,6 (301,302) be made as 1,1, and with BAR be appended to Frame be used for the transmission.Frame 509 is transferred in control.
In various embodiments of the present invention, do not need BAR, frame 503 transfers control to frame 507 via the "No" path.5,6 (301,302), position with the ACK strategy in each Frame are made as 0,0.Frame 509 is transferred in control then.
If receive BA as common situation, then frame 511 transfers control to frame 515 through the "Yes" path.Frame 515 just can retransmit any Frame that contains mistake that the BA indication receives, and avoids retransmitting any Frame that correctly receives simultaneously.This method finishes then.
Fig. 6 is that various embodiments 600 is used for the flow chart that piece is confirmed the multiple method of reseptance of control according to the present invention.Reception behavior flow process can start from frame 602.Frame 602 determines that whether receivers (for example receiver 20) receive the data frame transfer of the aggregated frames with data from reflector (for example reflector 10).If do not receive, then frame 602 transfers control to frame 606 through the "No" path.Frame 606 receives with the non-usual manner deal with data that converges that is fit to and confirms.This method finishes then.
If receiver 20 receives aggregate transmission, then frame 602 transfers control to frame 604 through the "Yes" path.Frame 604 determines whether to receive its ACK policy bit 5 and 6 then and is set as 0,0 Frame.If do not receive, then frame 604 transfers control to frame 606 through the "No" path.Frame 606 receives with the non-usual manner deal with data that converges that is fit to.This method finishes then.
If the ACK policy bit is set as 0,0, then frame 604 transfers control to frame 608 through the "Yes" path.Frame 608 is prepared single and is confirmed that BA is used to be sent to reflector 10.BA can identify receiver 20 and inerrably receive which Frame.Then, BA is sent to reflector 10.This method finishes then.
Should be noted that these methods described herein not necessarily carry out by described order or by any specific order.And the multiple activity that these methods of reference of this paper sign are described can be carried out in the serial or parallel mode.Show " beginning " and " end " frame though should understand, these methods can be carried out unceasingly.
Furnish an explanation book extract to meet the regulation of 37C.F.R. § 1.72 (b), and its interpellation book extract can make the reader know the disclosed characteristic of technology.The specification digest that should be understood that submission is not used in scope or the implication of explaining or limiting claim.
In the embodiment of preamble, for making the disclosure describe smooth purpose, once in a while in one embodiment with the various features grouping.This disclosed method should not be construed as prescription in the theme of the present invention embodiment need than in every claim clearly the citation the more feature of feature.On the contrary, as claims reflections, theme of the present invention is realized based on the feature of lacking than all features of single disclosed embodiment.Therefore, claims combine with embodiment thus, and wherein every claim is supported oneself as independent preferred embodiment.Indivedual claims may contain a plurality of embodiment of theme of the present invention.
Though illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and describe its execution mode in detail, it will readily appear to those skilled in the art that under the prerequisite of the scope of spirit that does not deviate from these embodiment or claims and can carry out multiple modification therein.
Claims (27)
1. method comprises:
Receive the data block that contains medium access control header by the receiver in the wireless network;
Soliciting piece by the sign in the described medium access control header confirms; And
Respond described soliciting, send described affirmation to originators by described receiver.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: transmitted the data block that contains described medium access control header by reflector.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: response receives described data block, sends the piece that identifies any frame that does not correctly receive by described receiver and confirms.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, receives to be included in the one or more frames that receive in the once transmission in the described data block, and each frame comprises described medium access control header.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, solicits described affirmation and comprises soliciting corresponding to the piece in the control field in each medium access control header of one or more medium access control headers of described one or more frames and confirm.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises: determine whether to receive described once transmission by described receiver.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises: if once receiving described data block in the transmission, then whether the sign of definite described one or more medium access control headers is made as and solicits the piece affirmation.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, also comprise:, then send described affirmation to described originators by described receiver if solicit the sign that piece is confirmed for any header being provided with of the one or more medium access control headers that correctly receive.
9. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises: if do not solicit the sign that piece is confirmed for any header setting of the one or more medium access control headers that correctly receive, forbid that then described receiver sends described affirmation.
10. machine-readable medium that instruction is provided when described instruction is carried out by one or more processors, makes described one or more processor carry out following operation:
Receive the once transmission that comprises a plurality of Frames by receiver from originators via at least one wireless network; And
Response receives described a plurality of Frame and responds in the header of at least one Frame of described a plurality of Frames soliciting that piece is confirmed, and sends piece by described receiver to described originators and confirms.
11. machine-readable medium as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises: in the control field of each frame of a plurality of frames, sign is set to solicit described affirmation.
12. machine-readable medium as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, makes the described receiver of described one or more processor executable operations causes determine whether to receive described a plurality of Frame when described instruction is performed.
13. machine-readable medium as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, makes described one or more processor determine whether to be provided with under the situation that described a plurality of Frames are received when described instruction is performed and solicits the sign that piece is confirmed.
14. machine-readable medium as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, makes described one or more processor be set as the single affirmation that sends under the situation of soliciting the piece affirmation received Frame at described sign when described instruction is performed.
15. a system comprises:
Field in the medium access control header, described field are set as solicits the piece affirmation;
Omnidirectional antenna, described omnidirectional antenna is once receiving the data block that comprises one or more frames in the transmission, and each frame contains medium access control header; And
Be coupled to the receiver of described omnidirectional antenna, described receiver response receives the multiframe data block and generates the piece affirmation, and the one or more Frames in the Frame of described multiframe data block have to be made as solicits the field that piece is confirmed.
16. system as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, described omnidirectional antenna comprises a plurality of antennas.
17. system as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, also comprises processor, described processor determines whether the field in the described medium access control header is solicited piece and confirmed.
18. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, when being provided with the field of soliciting the piece affirmation, program can be confirmed described receiver to the reflector transmission block that is coupled to described omnidirectional antenna.
19. system as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, also comprises the WLAN (wireless local area network) that is coupled to described receiver and reflector.
20. system as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described reflector and described receiver comprise the part according to the WLAN (wireless local area network) of standard part 802.11e of Electrical and Electronic engineering association and/or 802.11n work.
21. an equipment comprises:
Wireless receiver, described wireless receiver is used to receive a plurality of Frames, and each Frame comprises the header with the sign of soliciting the piece affirmation;
Be coupled to the processor of described receiver, described processor is used for operating said receiver under the control of program; And
The sign that the response of described receiver receives described a plurality of Frame and solicits described affirmation generates piece and confirms.
22. equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described a plurality of Frames are concentrated in the once transmission.
23. equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, in the control field of the medium access control header of each data block of described a plurality of data blocks described sign is set.
24. equipment as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, the described receiver of described procedure operation detects the described sign that is provided with in each data block of described a plurality of data blocks.
25. equipment as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, when in any Frame at described a plurality of Frames not described sign being set, the described receiver of described procedure operation is forbidden generating piece and is confirmed.
26. equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, when described when once in any Frame of a plurality of Frames described sign being set described in the transmission, and single affirmation of the described receiver generation of described procedure operation.
27. equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described receiver is coupled to wireless network.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US11/167,491 US20070011554A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2005-06-27 | Block acknowledgement request apparatus, systems, and methods |
| US11/167,491 | 2005-06-27 | ||
| PCT/US2006/024894 WO2007002630A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2006-06-27 | Block acknowledgement request apparatus, systems, and methods |
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| CN101208895A true CN101208895A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| CN101208895B CN101208895B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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| CN (2) | CN102724029B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112006001510B4 (en) |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9647804B2 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2017-05-09 | Intel Corporation | Multi-carrier configuration, activation and scheduling |
| CN102724029A (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 英特尔公司 | Block acknowledgement request apparatus, systems, and methods |
| US8898532B2 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2014-11-25 | Intel Corporation | Multi-carier configuration, activation and scheduling |
| CN102724029B (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2015-04-01 | 英特尔公司 | Block acknowledgement request apparatus and methods |
| CN102123440B (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2016-05-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | The confirmation method of control head and system |
| US9467898B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2016-10-11 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | System and method for response frame type indication |
| WO2014048402A1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for response frame type indication |
| US10149202B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-12-04 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | System and method for response frame type indication |
| CN103716135B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-02-08 | 清华大学 | Block confirmation method and block confirmation device supporting across-user |
| CN103716135A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-09 | 清华大学 | Block confirmation method and block confirmation device supporting across-user |
| CN106464634A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2017-02-22 | 英特尔Ip公司 | Method, apparatus, and computer readable media for acknowledgement in wireless networks |
| CN110098907A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2019-08-06 | 英特尔Ip公司 | Method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for the confirmation in wireless network |
| CN106464634B (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2020-03-31 | 英特尔Ip公司 | Method, apparatus, and computer readable medium for acknowledgement in a wireless network |
| CN110098907B (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2022-08-02 | 株式会社秀利得 | Method, apparatus, and computer readable medium for acknowledgement in a wireless network |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150078366A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
| DE112006001510B4 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
| GB2441279A (en) | 2008-02-27 |
| US8898532B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
| CN102724029B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| GB2441279B (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| CN102724029A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| US20110216752A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
| DE112006001510T5 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| US9647804B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
| CN101208895B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
| GB0724743D0 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
| WO2007002630A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
| US20070011554A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
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