CN1012001B - 燃气轮机的过渡通道的冷却机构 - Google Patents

燃气轮机的过渡通道的冷却机构

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Publication number
CN1012001B
CN1012001B CN88101760A CN88101760A CN1012001B CN 1012001 B CN1012001 B CN 1012001B CN 88101760 A CN88101760 A CN 88101760A CN 88101760 A CN88101760 A CN 88101760A CN 1012001 B CN1012001 B CN 1012001B
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mentioned
transition passage
saddle
burner
compressor
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Expired
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CN88101760A
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CN88101760A (zh
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格莱哈姆·菲利普斯·布特
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Westinghouse Canada Inc
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Westinghouse Canada Inc
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Publication of CN88101760A publication Critical patent/CN88101760A/zh
Publication of CN1012001B publication Critical patent/CN1012001B/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14Casings modified therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/023Transition ducts between combustor cans and first stage of the turbine in gas-turbine engines; their cooling or sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002Wall structures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有承受高温的过渡通道(13)的燃气轮机,它包括一个设置在从压缩机(10)接出的过渡通道(13)邻近处的鞍形件(16),该鞍形件(16)将从压缩机来的空气流引导流过通道的外表面,以改善过渡通道所有表面的冷却均匀性。

Description

本发明涉及燃气轮机,特别涉及降低此类燃气轮机内的过渡通道表面温度的机构。
在典型的燃气轮机发动机内,压缩机排出的空气进入燃烧器壳体内,在那里空气围绕过渡通道通过,而后流入燃烧器火焰筒。在燃烧器火焰筒内,空气与燃料混合,在高温下燃烧。而后高温高压的燃烧气体从燃烧器火焰筒向下流过过渡通道进入轮机,在该处膨胀做功。在平均燃气温度高于1100℃的应用中,用常规高温合金制成的过渡通道,在短期使用后在其上表面上开始出现质量降低的区域。过渡通道的下表面任侧表面通常被充分地冷却到消除这一问题,但上表面却由于出压缩机的气体法向流动而并不能冷却到此种程度。
过去,曾经通过在上表面中设置许多个小的冷却孔来努力降低过渡通道上表面的温度。在此种装置中,从压缩机来的空气被允许流入过渡通道,从而产生沿上表面的一薄层冷却空气。但是,这层空气使燃烧气体的温度分布变形并降低燃气轮机的效率。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种使过渡通道构造充分冷却的燃气轮机结构。
有鉴于这一目的,本发明属于一种燃气轮机,过渡通道的冷却机构,它包括一个压缩机部分,一个燃烧器部分,一个动力涡轮机部分,以及一个将燃烧器接合到动力涡轮机部分的过渡通道,在过渡通道邻近处设置的机构将从压缩机部分流向燃烧器的空气流大体均匀地引导流过过渡通道的表面上方,从而使过渡通道的表面温度达到均匀, 将空气流引导流过上述过渡通道的机构由一鞍形件组成,该件与过渡通道的外表面隔开,在鞍形件与过渡通道的外壁之间形成一空气孔道,至少有部分从压缩机来的空气流在其流向燃烧器的路径中受到限制而流过该孔道。
其中:
图1是先有技术中燃气轮机的一部分的部分截面图,表示从压缩机来的法向空气流排入燃烧器火焰筒;
图2是体现本发明的一种类似的燃气轮机的部分截面图;
图3是沿图2中剖切线DD截取的过渡通道及其接合的鞍形件的一部分的截面图;
图4是与图3相似的表示另一种结构的截面图。
首先考虑图1的先有技术结构,可以看到,图示的燃气轮机包括压缩机部分10和动力机部分11。压缩机部分10的压缩空气沿箭头12所示方向流动,从压缩机输出端出发,经过过渡通道13,返回燃烧器火焰筒14的上面,通入燃料器的各个孔眼中,在那里与燃料混合并燃烧。燃烧器的输出通过过渡通道送入动力机部分11。
可以理解,燃气轮机包括许多个燃烧器和过渡通道,后者围绕燃气轮机的中心部分排列成圆形。因此,通入过渡通道的空气流首先遇到过渡通道的下表面,而后在通道之间通过并向上越过外表面或直接从下表面返回,回到燃烧器。可以看到,通常只有一小部分空气流越过过渡通道的上表面15。因此可以确信,这部分过渡通道的温度将高于下表面或侧表面之类的其它表面,那些表面暴露于更多的空气流之中。
现在转到图2,可以看到,如上所述,燃气轮机包括一个压缩机部分10和一个动力机部分11,而空气从压缩机流向过渡通道13。但是,根据本发明,围绕过渡通道的上部装有许多个鞍形件16,而在鞍形件16和过渡通道13的外壁15之间形成一个空气通路,一部分空气流12在行进到燃烧器之前受到限制而通过该通路。
如图3中更详细地图示的,一部分空气在过渡通道外壁15和鞍形件16之间通过,从而保证空气在过渡通道13的上表面之上流过,并因此而使其冷却。每个过渡通道13接合有一个鞍形件16,鞍形件的形状通常与过渡通道13的外形一致,并在其中心线的附近包含许多个用17表示的孔眼和一个延伸的边缘部分,该边缘部分向外延向下一个邻接的鞍形件,并在其间形成一个光滑间隙,一部分空气可以通过该间隙流动,就如图3中更清楚地看到的那样。
为了迫使空气在鞍形件16下面围绕过渡通道13的上表面之上流过,装设了一个锥形的密封壁18,其内缘19固定在压缩机10的机壳上,并有让各个过渡通道穿过的洞孔,如洞孔20。可以看到,这个洞孔稍大于过渡通道的直径,因此允许一些围绕穿过密封壁的过渡通道13的空气流通过密封壁和过渡通道13之间的间隙。
鞍形件16的上缘21固定在密封壁18上,其下缘22固定在动力机部分11的机壳上。本发明并不力图迫使全部空气流都在鞍形件之下围绕通过过渡通道的上表面。鞍形件之间的空间同密封壁和过渡通道之间的空间都产生平行的旁路气流。这些旁路气流以及通道气流,穿出小孔17,尽可能保持平稳,以减小紊流,因为紊流会造成燃气轮机运行中的更大损耗,从而降低轮机的效率。
如前面所指出的,可以不需要使用密封塞,这取决于压缩机排出空气的速度位差。此时,如图4所示,鞍形件通过支承螺栓23简单地安装在过渡通道上,支承螺栓23被焊接在过渡通道的表面上,而其外端被固定在鞍形件上。在相邻的过渡通道之间通过的空气遇到鞍形件的边缘,一部分被吸上来,导致在鞍形件和与该特定鞍形件接合的过渡通道的表面之间流动。螺栓23起两个作用。它们不仅支承鞍 形件,而且还形成一个热传导表面,将热从过渡通道的表面传送到围绕螺栓23通过的空气。
很显然,不仅可以使用许多这样的螺栓来增强热传导,从而可以使过渡通道冷却而空气流受到的扰动却最小,而且可以在鞍形件上或鞍形件和过渡通道之间装设其它机构,如肋板,来改善过渡通道和流过它的空气之间的热交换。这样的配置显然将减小可以由其它结构产生的空气流中压力的干扰和损失,同时却允许过渡通道13在较高温度下使用,而通道的材料并不降低质量。

Claims (5)

1、一种燃气轮机过渡通道的冷却机构,它包括一个压缩机部分(10),一个燃烧器部分,一个动力涡轮机部分(11),以及一个将上述燃烧器接合到上述动力涡轮机部分(11)上的过渡通道(13);在上述过渡通道(13)邻近处设置的机构(16)将从上述压缩机部分(10)流向上述燃烧器的空气流大体均匀地引导流过上述过渡通道(13)的表面上方,从而使上述过渡通道(13)的表面温度达到均匀,其特征在于,上述将空气流引导流过上述过渡通道(13)的机构由一个鞍形件(16)组成,该鞍形件(16)与上述过渡通道(13)的外表面隔开,在该鞍形件(16)和上述过渡通道(13)的外壁(15)之间形成一个空气孔道,至少有一部分从压缩机来的空气流(12)在其流向燃烧器的路径中受到限制而通过该孔道。
2、如权利要求1所述的冷却机构,其特征在于,上述鞍形件(16)通过许多个连接在上述过渡通道(13)和上述鞍形件(16)上的螺栓(23)而被支承在上述过渡通道(13)上。
3、如权利要求1所述的冷却机构,其特征在于,设置了一个让过渡通道(13)穿过的密封壁(18),该密封壁(18)将压缩机部分与上述燃烧器分隔开,并有让各个过渡通道穿过的洞孔(20),上述洞孔(20)直径稍大于上述过渡通道(13)的直径,因此允许从压缩机来的空气流沿上述过渡通道(13)流过上述密封壁(18)上的洞孔(20)。
4、如权利要求3所述的冷却机构,其特征在于,上述鞍形件(16)的一端安装在上述密封壁(18)上的而其另一端安装在上述动力涡轮机部分(11)的机壳上。
5、如权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的冷却机构,其特征在于,上述鞍形件(16)在其内表面上包括许多个肋板。
CN88101760A 1987-04-01 1988-03-31 燃气轮机的过渡通道的冷却机构 Expired CN1012001B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA533,623 1987-04-01
CA000533623A CA1309873C (en) 1987-04-01 1987-04-01 Gas turbine combustor transition duct forced convection cooling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN88101760A CN88101760A (zh) 1988-10-19
CN1012001B true CN1012001B (zh) 1991-03-13

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EP (1) EP0284819B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2872673B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR950003747B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1012001B (zh)
AU (1) AU599755B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA1309873C (zh)
DE (1) DE3873130T2 (zh)
IN (1) IN168390B (zh)
MX (1) MX169717B (zh)

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KR880012869A (ko) 1988-11-29
MX169717B (es) 1993-07-20
EP0284819A2 (en) 1988-10-05
AU1255588A (en) 1988-10-06
IN168390B (zh) 1991-03-23
CN88101760A (zh) 1988-10-19
US4903477A (en) 1990-02-27
KR950003747B1 (ko) 1995-04-18
EP0284819A3 (en) 1990-01-31
AU599755B2 (en) 1990-07-26
CA1309873C (en) 1992-11-10
JP2872673B2 (ja) 1999-03-17
EP0284819B1 (en) 1992-07-29
JPS63259125A (ja) 1988-10-26
DE3873130T2 (de) 1992-12-03
DE3873130D1 (de) 1992-09-03

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