CN101199425B - Three-dimensional conformal irradiation device for heavy ion beam to tumor target area - Google Patents
Three-dimensional conformal irradiation device for heavy ion beam to tumor target area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种重离子束对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的装置,它含有扫描磁铁系统、束流监测系统、迷你型脊形过滤器、射程移位器、多叶准直器和患者体表补偿器,分别依序置于患者体表前,上述器件的中心与肿瘤靶区的中心处于束流轴线上。本发明克服了目前基于被动型束流配送系统重离子束二维适形照射治疗方法中适形程度不高、散射体降低束流品质等缺点,在不需要使用现有二维适形照射方法中的散射体条件下,通过三维适形照射提高了重离子束对肿瘤靶区治疗的适形程度,在不降低利用重离子束高剂量Bragg峰区高效杀灭靶区肿瘤细胞的前提下,可最大限度地保护肿瘤靶区周围的健康组织,减小正常组织并发症几率,从而提高重离子束的治疗疗效。
The invention relates to a device for performing three-dimensional conformal irradiation therapy on a tumor target area with a heavy ion beam, which includes a scanning magnet system, a beam current monitoring system, a miniature ridge filter, a range shifter, a multi-leaf collimator and The patient's body surface compensators are placed in front of the patient's body surface in sequence, and the centers of the above-mentioned devices and the center of the tumor target area are on the beam axis. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the current two-dimensional conformal irradiation treatment method based on the heavy ion beam of the passive beam distribution system, such as the low degree of conformity, the scatterers reducing the quality of the beam, etc., without using the existing two-dimensional conformal irradiation method Under the condition of scatterers in the medium, the conformity of the heavy ion beam to the tumor target area is improved through three-dimensional conformal irradiation, and the high-dose Bragg peak area of the heavy ion beam is used to efficiently kill the tumor cells in the target area without reducing the high-efficiency. It can maximize the protection of healthy tissues around the tumor target area, reduce the chance of complications in normal tissues, and improve the therapeutic effect of heavy ion beams.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种重离子束在生物医学领域辐照应用的装置,尤其是一种重离子束对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的装置。The invention relates to a device for irradiating heavy ion beams in the field of biomedicine, in particular to a device for performing three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy on tumor target areas by heavy ion beams.
背景技术 Background technique
重离子束被誉为面向二十一世纪最理想的放射治疗用射线。利用本装置可实现重离子束对肿瘤靶区的三维适形照射。三维适形照射技术可充分地发挥重离子束用于治癌的优势,最大限度地杀灭靶区肿瘤细胞,同时最大程度地保护肿瘤靶区周围的健康组织免受损伤,减小正常组织并发症几率,提高重离子束治疗的适形程度,从而提高重离子束放射治疗的疗效。Heavy ion beams are known as the most ideal rays for radiotherapy in the 21st century. The device can realize the three-dimensional conformal irradiation of the heavy ion beam on the tumor target area. The three-dimensional conformal irradiation technology can give full play to the advantages of heavy ion beams in cancer treatment, kill tumor cells in the target area to the greatest extent, and at the same time protect the healthy tissues around the tumor target area from damage to the greatest extent, and reduce the complications of normal tissues. It can improve the conformity degree of heavy ion beam therapy, thereby improving the curative effect of heavy ion beam radiation therapy.
重离了束以其倒转的深度剂量分布和高的相对生物学效应(RBE)的两大特点,使重离子束治癌成为当今国际上最先进,最有效的放射治疗方法。目前,只有美国、日本和德国三个发达国家相继实现了肿瘤患者的重离子束临床治疗试验,临床治疗结果显示重离子束治疗具有非常显著的疗效。美国和日本的重离子束治疗设备采用了被动型的束流配送系统,即通过摆动磁铁与散射体配合横向扩展治癌束流形成大的照射场,横向上通过多叶准直器截取该照射场,获得照射野的形状与肿瘤在束流方向上的最大投影形状一致,纵向上通过脊形过滤器展宽重离子束的Bragg峰,使得展宽后Bragg峰的宽度与肿瘤靶区在束流方向上的厚度一致,展宽Bragg峰高剂量区的后沿形状由置于患者体表的组织补偿器来调整,这样可避免高剂量区对肿瘤靶区后方紧要器官的照射,这样可实现重离子束对肿瘤靶区的两维适形照射。德国采用了主动型的束流配送系统,实现适形照射治疗的方法完全与被动型束流配送系统下的方法不同。在我国,中国科学院近代物理研究所基于兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)提供的中能重离子束,开展了重离子束治癌技术的基础研究,进行了放射物理、放射生物学实验以及一些治癌技术的初步预研,为重离子束临床治疗积累了一些必要的基础数据,做了初步的技术准备,并在HIRFL上建成了配备有被动型束流配送系统的浅层肿瘤重离子束治疗装置。但从上述美国和日本的重离子束治疗设备采用了被动型的束流配送系统,可以看到,被动型束流配送系统下的重离子束治疗仅能实现两维适形照射,利用摆动磁铁横向扩展束流时还需使用散射体,降低了束流的品质,因而治疗的适形程度还不高,肿瘤靶区前方尚有大量的健康组织处于展宽Bragg峰的高剂量区域内,会对健康组织会带来较为严重的损伤,成为治疗后正常组织并发症几率较高的根源。Due to its reversed depth dose distribution and high relative biological effect (RBE), heavy ion beams have become the most advanced and effective radiation therapy in the world today. At present, only the United States, Japan and Germany, three developed countries, have successively realized the clinical trials of heavy ion beam therapy for tumor patients, and the clinical treatment results show that heavy ion beam therapy has a very significant curative effect. The heavy ion beam therapy equipment in the United States and Japan adopts a passive beam distribution system, that is, a large irradiation field is formed through the swinging magnet and the scatterer in cooperation with the horizontal expansion of the cancer treatment beam, and the irradiation is intercepted laterally by a multi-leaf collimator. field, the shape of the obtained irradiation field is consistent with the maximum projection shape of the tumor in the beam direction, and the Bragg peak of the heavy ion beam is broadened longitudinally through the ridge filter, so that the width of the Bragg peak after broadening is the same as that of the tumor target area in the beam direction. The thickness of the high-dose area on the widened Bragg peak is adjusted by the tissue compensator placed on the patient's body surface, which can avoid the high-dose area from irradiating important organs behind the tumor target area, and can realize heavy ion beam Two-dimensional conformal irradiation of tumor targets. Germany has adopted an active beam distribution system, and the method of realizing conformal irradiation therapy is completely different from that under the passive beam distribution system. In my country, the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, based on the medium-energy heavy ion beam provided by the Lanzhou Heavy Ion Research Facility (HIRFL), has carried out basic research on heavy ion beam cancer treatment technology, conducted radiation physics, radiation biology experiments and some treatments. Preliminary research on cancer technology has accumulated some necessary basic data for heavy ion beam clinical treatment, made preliminary technical preparations, and built a shallow tumor heavy ion beam therapy equipped with a passive beam delivery system on HIRFL. device. However, from the above-mentioned heavy ion beam therapy equipment in the United States and Japan that uses a passive beam distribution system, it can be seen that the heavy ion beam therapy under the passive beam distribution system can only achieve two-dimensional conformal irradiation. When expanding the beam laterally, it is necessary to use scatterers, which reduces the quality of the beam, so the degree of conformity of the treatment is not high. There are still a large number of healthy tissues in front of the tumor target area in the high-dose region of the broadened Bragg peak, which will affect the quality of the beam. Healthy tissue is more severely damaged and is the source of a higher rate of normal tissue complications after treatment.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为充分发挥重离子束用于放射治疗的优势,本发明的目的旨在克服目前二维适形照射治疗中适形程度不高、散射体降低束流品质等缺点,我们基于被动型束流配送系统提供一种重离子束对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的装置,使得重离子束高剂量的Bragg峰区完全落在肿瘤靶区之上,而受到高剂量区照射的健康组织的比例大大减小。其结果是提高了具有诸多优势重离子束治疗的适形程度和束流品质,最大限度地杀灭靶区肿瘤细胞,同时最大程度地保护肿瘤靶区周围的健康组织,减小正常组织并发症几率,提高重离子束治疗的疗效,为在我国发展重离子束治癌这项最先进、最有效得放射治疗技术奠定坚实的基础。In order to give full play to the advantages of heavy ion beams in radiotherapy, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the current two-dimensional conformal irradiation therapy, such as the low degree of conformation and the reduction of beam quality by scatterers. We based on passive beam distribution The system provides a device for performing three-dimensional conformal irradiation therapy on the tumor target area with heavy ion beams, so that the high-dose Bragg peak area of the heavy ion beam completely falls on the tumor target area, and the proportion of healthy tissues irradiated by the high-dose area greatly reduced. As a result, the conformity and beam quality of heavy ion beam therapy with many advantages are improved, the tumor cells in the target area can be killed to the greatest extent, and the healthy tissues around the tumor target area can be protected to the greatest extent, reducing the chance of complications in normal tissues , improve the curative effect of heavy ion beam therapy, and lay a solid foundation for the development of the most advanced and effective radiotherapy technology in our country.
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种重离子束对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的装置,包括扫描磁铁系统、束流监测系统、迷你型脊形过滤器、射程移位器、多叶准直器和患者体表补偿器,分别依序置于患者体表前,上述器件的中心与肿瘤靶区的中心处于束流轴线上,扫描磁铁系统由x和y方向两组相互垂直的二级磁铁组成,束流监测系统由电离室和位置灵敏探测器构成。扫描磁铁系统x方向扫描频率为50~150Hz,y方向扫描频率为15~50Hz,y方向扫描磁铁到患者的距离3~10m;位置灵敏探测器至少具有1mm的位置分辩率,电离室监测离子束强度为106~108pps;迷你型脊形过滤器是形状为山脊的有机玻璃PMMA、或聚苯乙烯、或铝的降能材料,降能材料脊峰间的距离≤1.5mm,离子束经过迷你型脊形过滤器后的展宽Bragg峰呈高斯型分布,展宽峰的半高宽为2~3mm,并且迷你型脊形过滤器置于束流轴线距肿瘤靶区中心为65~100cm处。A device for performing three-dimensional conformal irradiation therapy on a tumor target area with a heavy ion beam, including a scanning magnet system, a beam current monitoring system, a miniature ridge filter, a range shifter, a multi-leaf collimator, and patient surface compensation The devices are respectively placed in front of the patient's body surface in sequence. The centers of the above devices and the center of the tumor target area are on the beam axis. The scanning magnet system consists of two sets of mutually perpendicular secondary magnets in the x and y directions. The beam monitoring system It consists of an ionization chamber and a position sensitive detector. The scanning frequency of the scanning magnet system in the x direction is 50-150 Hz, the scanning frequency in the y direction is 15-50 Hz, the distance from the scanning magnet to the patient in the y direction is 3-10 m; the position sensitive detector has a position resolution of at least 1 mm, and the ionization chamber monitors the ion beam The intensity is 10 6 ~ 10 8 pps; the mini ridge filter is an energy-reducing material of plexiglass PMMA, polystyrene, or aluminum in the shape of a ridge, and the distance between the peaks of the energy-degrading material ≤ 1.5mm, ion beam The broadened Bragg peak after passing through the mini ridge filter showed a Gaussian distribution, and the half-maximum width of the broadened peak was 2-3 mm, and the mini ridge filter was placed at a distance of 65-100 cm from the beam axis to the center of the tumor target area. .
基于被动型束流配送系统,本发明实现重离子束治疗三维适形照射的原理如图1所示,即利用扫描磁铁横向扩展束流获得宽大的重离子束照射场,对肿瘤靶区沿束流方向分成不同的断层,利用迷你型脊形过滤器将束流Bragg峰展宽成与肿瘤断层厚度相适应的宽度,逐一对断层进行照射治疗。对某个断层的治疗时,利用多叶准直器截取照射场获得与该肿瘤断层在束流方向投影形状一致的照射野,同时通过射程移位器调节束流能量,使得展宽的Bragg峰落在该断层之上。Based on the passive beam distribution system, the principle of the present invention to realize the three-dimensional conformal irradiation of heavy ion beam therapy is shown in Figure 1, that is, the scanning magnet is used to laterally expand the beam current to obtain a wide heavy ion beam irradiation field. The flow direction is divided into different slices, and the beam Bragg peak is broadened to a width suitable for the thickness of the tumor slice by using a mini-ridge filter, and the slices are irradiated one by one. When treating a slice, use a multi-leaf collimator to intercept the irradiation field to obtain an irradiation field consistent with the projection shape of the tumor slice in the beam direction, and adjust the beam energy through the range shifter so that the broadened Bragg peak falls on this fault.
具体而言,治癌束流在进入扫描磁铁系统前被调节为横向直径相对较小的束斑,束斑横截面内束流强度呈高斯或近高斯型分布。束流输出后通过x和y方向两组相互垂直的二级磁铁在横向上对束流扫描获得宽大的重离子束照射场,使束流在横向上能均匀地照射整个肿瘤靶区。均匀照射场由锯齿光栅扫描方式实现,即x方向上的二级磁铁以频率较高的锯齿波磁场强度变化引导束流以较快的速度周期偏移,同时y方向上的二级磁铁以频率较低的锯齿波磁场强度变化引导束流以较慢的速度周期偏移,最终形成宽大的均匀照射场,图2是以锯齿光栅扫描方式得到均匀照射场的原理图。图中所示相互垂直的两组二级磁铁对束流进行扫描可形成满足治疗要求横向均匀的照射野。二级磁铁的锯齿波磁场强度的变化由对其输入锯齿波变化的电流来实现。在被动型束流配送系统下,得到横向上均匀的照射场是实现重离子束对肿瘤横向上适形照射的前提条件。Specifically, the cancer treatment beam is adjusted to a beam spot with a relatively small lateral diameter before entering the scanning magnet system, and the beam intensity in the cross section of the beam spot presents a Gaussian or near-Gaussian distribution. After the beam is output, two sets of mutually perpendicular secondary magnets in the x and y directions scan the beam in the lateral direction to obtain a wide heavy ion beam irradiation field, so that the beam can evenly irradiate the entire tumor target area in the lateral direction. The uniform irradiation field is realized by the sawtooth raster scanning method, that is, the secondary magnet in the x direction guides the beam current to periodically shift at a faster speed with the change of the sawtooth wave magnetic field strength with a higher frequency, while the secondary magnet in the y direction changes the frequency The lower sawtooth magnetic field intensity changes guide the beam current to periodically shift at a slower speed, and finally form a wide and uniform irradiation field. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a uniform irradiation field obtained by sawtooth raster scanning. As shown in the figure, two sets of secondary magnets perpendicular to each other can scan the beam current to form a horizontally uniform irradiation field that meets the treatment requirements. The change of the sawtooth wave magnetic field strength of the secondary magnet is realized by the current that changes the sawtooth wave input to it. Under the passive beam distribution system, obtaining a horizontally uniform irradiation field is a prerequisite for realizing the conformal irradiation of the heavy ion beam on the tumor in the lateral direction.
与二维适形照射方法中使用脊形过滤器将束流Bragg峰展宽为与肿瘤靶区在束流方向上厚度一致的做法不同的是,本发明在三维适形照射技术中,利用迷你型脊形过滤器仅将束流的Bragg峰做微小展宽,使展宽的Bragg峰呈高斯型分布,展宽峰的半高宽为2~3mm,与划分好的肿瘤断层厚度相一致。迷你型脊形过滤器由形状为山脊的降能材料(通常为有机玻璃PMMA、聚苯乙烯等组织等效材料或铝)组成,并且山脊状降能材料周期分布。贯穿山脊状降能材料不同部分的束流则有不同程度的能量降低,因而混合能量束流内各能量成分的比例由山脊的形状来确定,这样展宽Bragg峰的形状由山脊的形状来决定。图3是一个迷你型脊形过滤器的部分横截面示意图,该迷你型脊形过滤器是由铝材料制成,该铝材料厚度在离子束照射下的水等效长度系数为2.08,一个周期内山脊的形状由下面的函数来描述:Different from the practice of using a ridge filter in the two-dimensional conformal irradiation method to broaden the beam Bragg peak to be consistent with the thickness of the tumor target area in the beam direction, the present invention uses a miniature The ridge filter only slightly broadens the Bragg peak of the beam, so that the broadened Bragg peak has a Gaussian distribution, and the half-maximum width of the broadened peak is 2-3 mm, which is consistent with the divided tumor slice thickness. The mini ridge filter is composed of energy-reducing materials in the shape of ridges (usually organic glass PMMA, polystyrene and other tissue equivalent materials or aluminum), and the ridge-shaped energy-reducing materials are periodically distributed. The beam passing through different parts of the ridge-shaped energy-degrading material has different degrees of energy reduction, so the proportion of each energy component in the mixed energy beam is determined by the shape of the ridge, so the shape of the broadened Bragg peak is determined by the shape of the ridge. Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a miniature ridge filter, the miniature ridge filter is made of aluminum material, and the water equivalent length coefficient of the thickness of the aluminum material under ion beam irradiation is 2.08, one cycle The shape of the inner ridge is described by the following function:
y=0.16268+0.17224x+6.83184x2+129.20854x3-1413.52359x4+5520.70736x5-9669.93909x6+6402.03492x7-----------------x∈[0mm,0.5mm]y=0.16268+0.17224x+6.83184x 2 +129.20854x 3 -1413.52359x 4 +5520.70736x 5 -9669.93909x 6 +6402.03492x 7 ----------------- x∈[ 0mm, 0.5mm]
y=975.65678-9145.53211x+36514.11121x2-80354.79601x3+105212.37231x4-81943.98216x5+35144.38156x6-6402.04891x7------x∈[0.5mm,1.0mm]y=975.65678-9145.53211x+36514.11121x 2 -80354.79601x 3 +105212.37231x 4 -81943.98216x 5 +35144.38156x 6 -6402.04891x 7 ]------x∈[0.5mm,1.0
它可将90MeV/u碳离子束的Bragg峰展宽成半高宽为2mm的高斯型分布,图4是迷你型脊形过滤器对90MeV/u碳离子束Bragg峰展宽效果的展示图,其中图中1是90MeV/u单能碳离子束的Bragg曲线,图中2是利用迷你型脊形过滤器展宽Bragg峰后的深度剂量分布。为保证束流在贯穿迷你型脊形过滤器中的多重散射效应使照射场在横向上达到剂量分布的均匀,要求周期分布的山脊状降能材料脊峰间的距离要小,并且迷你型脊形过滤器与治疗装置等中心的距离要较远。在治癌束流的能量范围内(碳离子束能量80~400MeV/u),这一距离为65~100cm。It can broaden the Bragg peak of the 90MeV/u carbon ion beam into a Gaussian distribution with a half-maximum width of 2mm. Figure 4 shows the effect of the mini ridge filter on the broadening of the Bragg peak of the 90MeV/u carbon ion beam. 1 in the middle is the Bragg curve of the 90MeV/u monoenergetic carbon ion beam, and 2 in the figure is the depth dose distribution after the Bragg peak is broadened by the mini ridge filter. In order to ensure that the multiple scattering effect of the beam passing through the mini-ridge filter makes the irradiation field achieve a uniform dose distribution in the lateral direction, it is required that the distance between the ridge peaks of the periodically distributed ridge-shaped energy-degrading material be small, and the mini-ridge The distance between the shaped filter and the isocenter of the treatment device is relatively large. Within the energy range of the cancer treatment beam (carbon ion beam energy 80-400 MeV/u), this distance is 65-100 cm.
在对某一肿瘤断层照射治疗时,利用多叶准直器使得照射野的形状与肿瘤靶区需照射断层在束流方向上的投影形状一致,且调节射程移位器使得上述展宽的Bragg峰照射在该肿瘤靶区断层上。最后,根据患者体内肿瘤靶区在束流方向上后沿形状利用组织等效材料设计患者体表补偿器,使得展宽Bragg峰高剂量区的后沿形状与肿瘤靶区在束流方向上后沿形状一致。以这种方式实现重离子束对肿瘤靶区的三维适形照射治疗。When irradiating a tumor tomography, use a multi-leaf collimator to make the shape of the irradiation field consistent with the projected shape of the tomography in the beam direction of the tumor target area to be irradiated, and adjust the range shifter to make the above-mentioned broadened Bragg peak Irradiate on the slice of the tumor target area. Finally, according to the shape of the trailing edge of the tumor target area in the patient's body in the beam direction, the patient's body surface compensator is designed using tissue equivalent materials, so that the shape of the trailing edge of the broadened Bragg peak high-dose area is consistent with the trailing edge of the tumor target area in the beam direction. Consistent shape. In this way, the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy of the heavy ion beam to the tumor target area is realized.
本发明的优点和产生的有益效果是:Advantage of the present invention and the beneficial effect that produce are:
三维适形照射提高了重离子束对肿瘤靶区治疗的适形程度,在不降低利用重离子束高剂量Bragg峰区高效杀灭靶区肿瘤细胞的前提下,可最大限度地保护肿瘤靶区周围的健康组织,减小正常组织并发症几率,从而提高重离子束的治疗疗效。另外,在本发明中采用锯齿光栅扫描的方法对束流进行横向扩展获得宽大的照射场,不需要使用现有二维实行照射方法中的散射体,束流品质得到了提高;肿瘤靶区分多层精细适形照射,照射治疗的适形程度更高,肿瘤靶区前方正常组织受到的损伤小,有利于减小正常组织并发症,提高重离子束治疗的疗效。Three-dimensional conformal irradiation improves the conformity of the heavy ion beam to the tumor target area, and can maximize the protection of the tumor target area without reducing the high-dose Bragg peak area of the heavy ion beam to effectively kill the tumor cells in the target area Surrounding healthy tissues, reducing the chance of normal tissue complications, thereby improving the therapeutic effect of heavy ion beams. In addition, in the present invention, the method of zigzag raster scanning is used to expand the beam laterally to obtain a wide irradiation field, which does not require the use of scatterers in the existing two-dimensional irradiation method, and the quality of the beam is improved; tumor targets can be differentiated more Layer fine conformal irradiation, the conformal degree of irradiation therapy is higher, the damage to the normal tissue in front of the tumor target area is small, which is beneficial to reduce the complications of normal tissue and improve the curative effect of heavy ion beam therapy.
以一个具体的例子来说明发明的效果。假设患者体内有一个直径为4cm的球形肿瘤靶区,若采用现有的二维适形照射方法进行治疗,在肿瘤靶区前方将会有体积约为30.5cm3的健康组织位于100%处方剂量之内,几乎与肿瘤靶区本身的体积33.5cm3相当,这时的适形程度为52.3%。若采用本发明三维适形照射方法进行治疗,在肿瘤靶区前方将仅有不超过3cm3的健康组织处于100%处方剂量之内,这时的适形程度为91.8%。就放射治疗肿瘤而言,放射治疗时减小健康组织所受到的辐射剂量对最大限度地保护正常组织具有重要意义。本发明三维适形照射方法提高了重离子束治疗的适形程度,在不降低利用重离子束高剂量Bragg峰区高效杀灭靶区肿瘤细胞的前提下,可最大限度地保护正常组织。另外,在本发明中采用锯齿光栅扫描的方法对束流进行横向扩展获得宽大的照射场,不需要使用现有二维实行照射方法中的散射体,因而消除了因使用散射体而降低治癌束流品质这一不利因素。The effect of the invention is illustrated with a specific example. Assuming that there is a spherical tumor target area with a diameter of 4cm in the patient, if the existing two-dimensional conformal irradiation method is used for treatment, there will be a healthy tissue with a volume of about 30.5cm3 in front of the tumor target area at 100% of the prescribed dose It is almost equivalent to the volume of the tumor target area itself, which is 33.5cm 3 , and the degree of conformity at this time is 52.3%. If the three-dimensional conformal irradiation method of the present invention is used for treatment, only healthy tissues not exceeding 3 cm 3 in front of the tumor target area will be within 100% of the prescribed dose, and the degree of conformity at this time is 91.8%. As far as radiation therapy is concerned, reducing the radiation dose received by healthy tissues during radiation therapy is of great significance for maximally protecting normal tissues. The three-dimensional conformal irradiation method of the present invention improves the conformity degree of heavy ion beam therapy, and can protect normal tissues to the greatest extent on the premise that high-dose Bragg peak area of heavy ion beam is used to efficiently kill tumor cells in the target area. In addition, in the present invention, the method of zigzag raster scanning is used to expand the beam laterally to obtain a wide irradiation field, and there is no need to use the scatterers in the existing two-dimensional irradiation method, thus eliminating the reduction in cancer treatment due to the use of scatterers. The unfavorable factor of beam quality.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明重离子束治疗三维适形照射方法原理图,其中1:扫描磁铁,2:束流及剂量监测系统,3:迷你型脊形过滤器,4:射程移位器,5:多叶准直器,6:患者体表补偿器,7:患者体表,8:肿瘤靶区。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional conformal irradiation method for heavy ion beam therapy of the present invention, in which 1: scanning magnet, 2: beam current and dose monitoring system, 3: mini ridge filter, 4: range shifter, 5: Multi-leaf collimator, 6: patient body surface compensator, 7: patient body surface, 8: tumor target area.
图2为本发明锯齿光栅扫描的原理图,Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the zigzag raster scanning of the present invention,
图3为本发明迷你型脊形过滤器的部分横截面示意图Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of the miniature ridge filter of the present invention
图4为本发明迷你型脊形过滤器对碳离子束Bragg峰展宽效果图Fig. 4 is the broadening effect diagram of the miniature ridge filter of the present invention on carbon ion beam Bragg peak
图5是由锯齿光栅扫描横向扩展束流经准直后获得的直径为5cm的圆形碳离子束均匀照射野Figure 5 is a circular carbon ion beam uniform irradiation field with a diameter of 5 cm obtained by scanning the horizontally expanded beam with a zigzag raster and collimating it.
图6是本发明迷你型脊形过滤器对80.55MeV/u碳离子束Bragg峰展宽的理论设计(实线)和实验测量(空心圆符号)。Fig. 6 is the theoretical design (solid line) and experimental measurement (hollow circle symbols) of the broadening of the Bragg peak of the 80.55 MeV/u carbon ion beam by the mini ridge filter of the present invention.
图7为本发明对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的模拟实验图(左侧)及肿瘤靶区不同断层上剂量分布的测量结果(右侧)。Fig. 7 is a simulation experiment diagram (left side) of the present invention implementing three-dimensional conformal irradiation therapy on the tumor target area and the measurement results of dose distribution on different slices of the tumor target area (right side).
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面,结合附图对本发明再作进一步的说明:Below, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
实施例1Example 1
本发明以辐照后经化学蚀刻的固体核径迹探测器CR39薄片为例来说明重离子束对由CR39薄片组成的靶区的三维适形照射。The present invention takes the chemically etched solid nuclear track detector CR39 sheet as an example to illustrate the three-dimensional conformal irradiation of the heavy ion beam on the target area composed of the CR39 sheet.
利用中国科学院近代物理研究所兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)提供的80.55MeV/u碳离子束,我们在装有被动型束流配送系统的HIRFL浅层肿瘤重离子治疗终端对本发明中的扫描磁铁系统形成的均匀照射野及迷你型脊形过滤器对束流Bragg的展宽进行了测试。Utilize the 80.55MeV/u carbon ion beam provided by Lanzhou Heavy Ion Research Facility (HIRFL) of Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, we scan the magnet in the present invention at the HIRFL shallow layer tumor heavy ion therapy terminal equipped with passive beam distribution system The uniform irradiation field formed by the system and the mini ridge filter were used to test the broadening of the beam Bragg.
如图1所示,重离子束对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的装置,含有扫描磁铁系统1、束流监测系统2、迷你型脊形过滤器3、射程移位器4、多叶准直器5和患者体表补偿器6,分别依序置于患者体表7前,上述器件的中心与肿瘤靶区8的中心处于束流轴线上。扫描磁铁系1由x和y方向两组相互垂直的二级磁铁组成。束流监测系统2由电离室和位置灵敏探测器构成。As shown in Figure 1, the device for performing three-dimensional conformal irradiation therapy on the tumor target area with heavy ion beams includes a
将固体核径迹探测器CR39薄片放置在靶区8的中心处,由扫描磁铁系统以锯齿光栅扫描方式横向扩展束流时,扫描磁铁系统1x方向扫描频率为75Hz,y方向扫描频率为45Hz,y方向扫描磁铁到CR39薄片的距离为3m;位置灵敏探测器具有1mm位置分辩率,离子束强度为107pps;迷你型脊形过滤器3为铝材料,脊峰间的距离为1.0mm,束流经该迷你型脊形过滤器3后的Bragg峰呈高斯型分布,展宽峰的半高宽为2mm,与靶区中心的距离为65cm。Place the solid nuclear track detector CR39 sheet at the center of the
在上述条件下,经位置灵敏探测器多丝正比室测量获得了均匀性为93%的碳离子束照射场,满足肿瘤临床治疗的需要。图5为锯齿光栅扫描横向扩展束流经准直后获得的直径为5cm的圆形碳离子束均匀照射野,显示照射野的材料为固体核径迹探测器CR39薄片。Under the above conditions, a carbon ion beam irradiation field with a uniformity of 93% is obtained through the measurement of the position-sensitive detector multi-wire proportional chamber, which meets the needs of clinical tumor treatment. Fig. 5 is a uniform irradiation field of a circular carbon ion beam with a diameter of 5 cm obtained by scanning the horizontally expanded beam with a zigzag raster and collimating it. It shows that the material of the irradiation field is a solid nuclear track detector CR39 sheet.
经过迷你型脊形过滤器后实验测量所得碳离子束展宽Bragg峰具有高斯型分布的特点,图6为迷你型脊形过滤器对80.55MeV/u碳离子束Bragg峰展宽的理论设计(实线)和实验测量(空心圆符号)曲线图。从图6可以看出,展宽峰的半高宽为1.94mm(实验测量(空心圆符号))与该迷你型脊形过滤器理论设计(实线)展宽Bragg峰具有2.0mm半高宽的高斯型分布符合得很好。通过该实验证实了迷你型脊形过滤器将80.55MeV/u碳离子束的Bragg尖锐峰被适当展宽成为了高斯型分布,满足三维适形照射的需要。After the mini ridge filter, the experimental measurement of the broadened Bragg peak of the carbon ion beam has the characteristics of a Gaussian distribution. Figure 6 is the theoretical design of the mini ridge filter for the broadening of the 80.55MeV/u carbon ion beam Bragg peak (solid line ) and experimental measurements (open circle symbols) graphs. As can be seen from Figure 6, the FWHM of the broadening peak is 1.94 mm (experimental measurement (open circle symbol)) and the Gaussian peak of the miniature ridge filter theoretical design (solid line) broadening the Bragg peak has a width at half maximum of 2.0 mm distribution fits well. The experiment confirmed that the mini ridge filter properly broadens the sharp Bragg peak of the 80.55 MeV/u carbon ion beam into a Gaussian distribution, which meets the needs of three-dimensional conformal irradiation.
实施例2Example 2
利用实施例1所述的重离子束对肿瘤靶区实施三维适形照射治疗的装置,本发明再以组织等效材料CR39薄片(厚度0.66mm,水等效长度系数1.061)堆成的体模为例,来说明碳离子束对由CR39薄片组成的靶区的三维适形照射。Using the device described in Example 1 to implement three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy on the tumor target area, the present invention is a phantom stacked with tissue-equivalent material CR39 thin slices (thickness 0.66mm, water equivalent length coefficient 1.061) As an example, to illustrate the three-dimensional conformal irradiation of a carbon ion beam to a target area composed of CR39 flakes.
集成本发明中的所有器件对由组织等效材料CR39薄片堆成的体模进行了三维适形照射,肿瘤断层为其中的七个片层,如图7中左侧图所示,沿束流贯穿方向肿瘤断层依次为直径是10mm,20mm,30mm,40mm,30mm,20mm和10mm的圆形。在照射中,扫描磁铁系统1x方向扫描频率为75Hz,y方向扫描频率为45Hz,y方向扫描磁铁到CR39薄片堆中心的距离为3m;位置灵敏探测器具有1mm位置分辩率,离子束强度为107pps;迷你型脊形过滤器3为铝材料,脊峰间的距离为1.0mm,束流经该迷你型脊形过滤器3后的Bragg峰呈高斯型分布,展宽峰的半高宽为2mm,与靶区中心的距离为65cm。利用迷你型脊形过滤器展宽束流的Bragg峰,通过调节射程移位器使束流的展宽Bragg峰落在相应肿瘤断层上,并且调节多叶准直器使照射野的形状与肿瘤相应断层的形状一致。照射后,对所有CR39薄片进行了化学蚀刻,肿瘤靶区的离子径迹和剂量分布得以显现,如图7右侧图所示。每一个CR39薄片反映每一个肿瘤靶区断层,经在显微镜下测量,每一个CR39薄片上反映出的剂量分布均匀性都好于93%,剂量分布区域的大小与肿瘤断层的直径一致。通过该实验,可以看到我们利用本发明三维适形照射方法对模拟的肿瘤靶区实施了很好的适形照射,证明了本发明的技术方案是可行的。Integrating all the devices in the present invention, a three-dimensional conformal irradiation is performed on a phantom made of tissue-equivalent material CR39 thin slices, and the tumor slice is seven of them, as shown in the left figure in Fig. 7, along the beam current The tumor slices in the penetrating direction are circles with diameters of 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 30mm, 20mm and 10mm. In the irradiation, the scanning frequency of the scanning magnet system in 1x direction is 75Hz, the scanning frequency in the y direction is 45Hz, the distance from the scanning magnet in the y direction to the center of the CR39 sheet stack is 3m; the position sensitive detector has a position resolution of 1mm, and the ion beam intensity is 107pps The
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