CN104502947B - The quick apparatus and method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve - Google Patents
The quick apparatus and method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to ion beam spot to scan a kind of quick method for obtaining radiography flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve in irradiation technique.A kind of quick device for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, its be mainly characterized by beam line be sequentially provided with respectively X to sweeping magnet, Y-direction sweeping magnet, collimater, with reference to monitor ionization chamber, position sensitive detector；Pencil beam passed sequentially through in beam line X to sweeping magnet, Y-direction sweeping magnet, the collimating aperture of collimater, with reference to monitor ionization chamber, the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line of positive gauss distribution is obtained at the center of grade.It is an advantage of the invention that：(1) using flushing-free provided by the invention checking film dosimetry scale method, it is possible to reduce the measurement preparation of operating personnel, reduce line usage time and follow-up film data processing time.(2) infinite multiple data points can be obtained in the distribution of Gauss pencil beam transverse dosage and flushing-free checking film optical density distribution in theory, therefore more data progress data fittings can be chosen and obtain more accurately film dosimetry response curve.
Description
Technical field
A kind of quick radiography flushing-free that obtains in irradiation technique, which is scanned, the invention belongs to ion beam spot verifies film agent
The method for measuring response curve.
Background technology
In Ion beam application (such as radiobiology experiment, Material Physics, radiotherapy), often refer to ion
Beam radiates the measurement of field characteristic, such as radiation field dose uniformity or dosage distribution measuring.Can be to these using ionisation chamber matrix
Characteristic carries out direct measurement, but ionisation chamber space of matrices resolution ratio is low, it is difficult to meets measurement ion beam spot or dose gradient
The requirement of larger field dose distribution.The dosage distribution of radiography film measurement irradiation field has spatial resolution high
Advantage, particularly flushing-free verify the appearance of film so that the method measured using film becomes easier.With conventional developer
Film is compared, and flushing-free checking film need not be developed and be fixed using chemical reagent, can under visible light be operated, be subtracted
Lack human intervention process, reduce measurement error.Also, flushing-free is verified that film is cleavable and shone respectively into some fritters
Development is penetrated, improves the effective rate of utilization of film.In addition, flushing-free checking film has water proofing property, can be placed in water tank, together
When measure different depth at irradiation field characteristic.In view of above-mentioned many merits, flushing-free verifies film in radiation dose measurement side
The application in face is more and more extensive.However, utilize flushing-free checking film measurement radiation field characteristic, it is necessary first to which agent is carried out to film
Calibration Experiment is measured, obtains film optical density (or gray scale) change and the relation of irradiation dose, i.e. dose response curve.
In typical X-ray IMRT, generally require to treatment planning systems calculate obtain dosage be distributed into
Row experimental verification, to assess the feasibility for the treatment of plan.In ion beam spot scans beam delivery, need also exist for each irradiation field
Dosage distribution measure.To ensure the spatial resolution of measurement dosage distribution, generally utilize put in confirmatory measurement at present
Penetrate the dosage distribution that development flushing-free checking Film Dosimeter measures each irradiation field.Flushing-free is verified by film by special software
Grey scale change is converted into dosage distribution measuring value, and calculates γ compared with the dosage distribution that planning system is calculated and pass through
Rate, to assess the feasibility for the treatment of plan.Before flushing-free checking film measurement dosage distribution, it usually needs measurement obtains in advance
Obtain the film dosimetry response curve of respective batch.At present, the conventional method brief operation step of this preliminary experiment is as follows：
1) one whole flushing-free checking film is scanned using professional scanner (e.g., EPSON10000XL), obtains feux rouges and lead to
Road pixel Distribution value simultaneously calculates pixel average
2) whole flushing-free is verified that film cuts into several fritters, every fritter flushing-free tested using Uniform Irradiation field
Card film irradiates different dosage D respectively；
3) the checking film red channel average pixel value of each fritter flushing-free after scanner is irradiated is reused
4) the net OD value of each fritter flushing-free checking film is calculated using formula (A1),
Wherein, netOD, ODirrAnd ODunirrRespectively net optical density, optical density and pre-irradiation optical density after film irradiation；
PVbckgFor opaque black plastic plate red channel pixel value；
5) the dosage D and net OD value netOD of film irradiation are verified according to each fritter flushing-free, utilizes data analysis
Handle the dose response curve that software obtains flushing-free checking film.
In the active spot scan beam delivery system of ion beam, beam monitoring with reference to ionisation chamber the Dose calibration factor with from
Beamlet energy, pencil beam beam spot size and scanning element spacing it is different and different.If in active spot scan beam delivery system
Under, using the dose response curve of conventional method scale film, firstly, it is necessary to spot scan radiation parameters control file is worked out, it is right
Hundreds and thousands of individual scanning element pointwise illuminations form a uniform irradiation field and carry out the dose calibration that beam monitoring refers to ionisation chamber,
The Dose calibration factor is obtained, as shown in Figure 2.Then, a series of control files are worked out and irradiate a series of fritter films respectively, so as to
Obtain the film after various dose irradiation.It can be seen that active spot scan beam delivery system obtain uniform irradiation field be not as from
It is so convenient, it is necessary to longer that beamlet passive type beam delivery system and clinac obtain homogeneous X-ray irradiation field
Time.Want to obtain more data points to obtain finer film dosimetry response curve, it is necessary to cut film smaller
Or more films are used, such irradiation time can extend, and need the more time with film scanning after film irradiation.
Obvious this film scale technical process is cumbersome, and time-consuming, and the utilization rate of film is low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of quick flushing-free that obtains verifies film
The device of dose response curve.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a kind of quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve.
For under the active beam delivery system of ion beam scale radiography film process it is cumbersome, time-consuming, and glue
The problems such as piece effective rate of utilization is low, the present invention utilize active spot scan beam delivery technical characterstic and beam transmission characteristic,
It is proposed a kind of method of quick scale flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve.This method utilizes the direct scale of ion beam spot
Flushing-free verifies film, obtains its dose response curve, reduces and is formed uniformly under active spot scan beam delivery system
The number of radiation field size, total number of ions needed for whole scale process is reduced, subsequently located so as to greatly reduce irradiation time and film
Manage the time, and whole flushing-free being verified to, film is cut into the film compared with small area while is used for scale and measurement, improves
The effective rate of utilization of film.
The dose response curve of radiography film is usually used in the dosage distribution of measurement radiation field.The present invention uses it
Inverse process, i.e., obtain its dose response curve by verifying the physical dosage of film irradiation known distribution to flushing-free.This hair
It is bright to make full use of pencil beams that there is the characteristics of dosage tends to Gaussian Profile in transverse direction in transmitting procedure, first measure this Gauss
The distributed constant of pencil beam, recycle the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot of this Gaussian Profile to irradiate flushing-free checking film, obtain the change of its pixel value
Change or net optical density (netOD) is distributed.Then it is distributed using dosage distribution with pixel value changes or netOD, obtains flushing-free and test
Demonstrate,prove the dose response curve of film.It is key of the invention to obtain ion beam Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot and the distribution of its physical dosage.
Under normal circumstances, the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line that ion accelerator provides not exclusively is Gaussian, can pass through circular collimating aperture or regulation
Accelerator data is by form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line regularization, the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line being distributed by aerial multiple scattering effect acquisition positive gauss
(such as Fig. 1).The absolute physical agent of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot can be directly obtained using the bidimensional ionisation chamber matrix by dose calibration
Amount distribution, but because its spatial resolution is low, it is difficult to meet the measurement request in practical application.Substitution method is to utilize
For example high-resolution multiwire proportional chamber of position sensitive detector, slitting ionisation chamber or bidimensional ionisation chamber matrix, first obtain the Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes
The relative physical dosage distribution of beam spot, then its two-dimentional counterpart can be obtained by Gauss model fitting and manage dosage distribution.According to
The number of ions of irradiation derives the absolute physical dosage distribution of form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot.The brief operation of the present invention can be summarized as such as Fig. 3 institutes
The operating process shown.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：A kind of quick flushing-free that obtains verifies film dosimetry
The device of response curve, it is mainly characterized by beam line is respectively equipped with X to sweeping magnet, Y-direction sweeping magnet successively, accurate
Straight device, with reference to monitor ionization chamber, position sensitive detector；Pencil beam passes sequentially through X in beam line and swept to sweeping magnet, Y-direction
Retouch magnet, the collimating aperture of collimater, with reference to monitor ionization chamber, the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line that positive gauss is distributed is obtained at the center of grade.
Described position sensitive detector is high-resolution multiwire proportional chamber, slitting ionisation chamber or two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix.
A kind of method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, it is mainly characterized by step
Suddenly：
(1) obtain and refer to ionisation chamber counting and number of ions relation, the i.e. active spot scan beam delivery system agent of ion beam
Measure calibration factor K (E) value：
Under the active spot scan beam delivery system of ion beam, Dose calibration need to measure the pass for obtaining MU and number of ions
System, i.e.
K (E)=N/MU, (1)
Wherein, K (E) is the often number of ions with reference to corresponding to counting ionisation chamber；N is the number of ions for irradiating single scanning element；
MU is that the reference ionisation chamber for irradiating single scanning element counts；
Because dose value D and number of ions N have following relation：
Wherein, D is dose value；N is the number of ions for irradiating single scanning element；S is that the quality of ion in media as well prevents this
Neck；A is the area of single scanning element；
In spot scan Dose calibration, center is being waited to form uniform sufficiently large irradiation field using form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line,
I.e. each scanning element irradiation identical counts (MU) with reference to ionisation chamber；Therefore, have：
Wherein, DmeasThe dose value measured for absolute dosages ionisation chamber at irradiation field center；SE(z) at for demarcation depth z
Mass of ion stopping power, calculated and obtained using Bethe-Bloch formula；Δ x, Δ y be scanning element in x and y directions between
Away from；
(2) by collimating aperture or regulation accelerator by form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line regularization, the multiple scattering that line passes through in air is made
Used in etc. the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line of positive gauss distribution is obtained at center；
(3) X of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot is obtained using position sensitive detector, the relative dosage distribution in Y-direction, is recycled
Gaussian function fitting, obtain its relative dosage distributed constant σx、σy；
(4) distribution of beam spot absolute physical dosage is obtained：
K (E) values and beam spot Gaussian Distribution Parameters σ are obtained by step (1) and step (3) measurementx、σy, derive at the center of grade
Beam spot physical dosage when position irradiation counts MU with particular reference to ionisation chamber is distributed D (x, y), i.e.,：
Wherein, x0, y0For beam spot center；S is mass stopping power；
(5) scan marked direction using Film scanner and the flushing-free cut verifies film, obtain film feux rouges
Passage average pixel value
(6) flushing-free is verified that film vertical beam direction such as is placed at the center, appropriate reference ionisation chamber is set
Count (MU), the Gaussian beam spot obtained using step (2) is irradiated；After film fully exposes 24h, reuse scanner and obtain
Obtain film red channel pixel Distribution value PVirr(x,y)；Film is net after being irradiated using formula (5)
(7) optical density is distributed；
Wherein, netOD, ODirrAnd ODunirrRespectively net optical density, optical density and pre-irradiation optical density after film irradiation；
PVbckgFor opaque black plastic plate red channel pixel value；Two dimension net optical density distribution is carried out using two-dimensional Gaussian function
Fitting, obtain the central point (x of the net optical density distribution of film0,y0), so as to obtain netOD (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function；
(8) according to formula (4) physical dosage D (x, y, x corresponding with MU values acquisition set during the irradiation film0,y0)
Distribution function, compare netOD (x, y, x finally by data processing tools0,y0) and D (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function exempted from
Rinse the dose response curve of checking film.
The installation method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, in addition to step：
(9) repeat step (5) selects several reference ionisation chambers of different sizes to count and irradiates several pieces respectively to step (7)
Flushing-free checking film obtains the dose response curve of multiple dosage ranges, merges these dose response curves to obtain dosage model
Enclose wider more reliable response curve.
The method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, described step (3) are：
Using two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix, the X of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot is obtained, the relative dosage distribution in Y-direction, recycle more
Weight Gaussian function fitting, obtains its relative dosage fitting of distribution parameter wi、σxi、σyi(i=1 ..., n), wherein, wiFor i-th
The weight of Gaussian function,Meet Σ wi=1；σxi, σyiThe parameter of respectively i-th gauss of distribution function；
The method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, described step (4) are：
Obtain the distribution of beam spot absolute physical dosage：
K (E) values and beam spot distributed constant w are obtained by step (1) and step (3) measurementi、σxi、σyi, can derive and wait
Beam spot absolute physical dosage when center irradiation counts MU with particular reference to ionisation chamber is distributed D (x, y), i.e.,：
Wherein, x0, y0For beam spot center；S is mass stopping power.
The method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, can be straight in described step (6)
Connect the data processing method for replacing calculating net optical density using pixel value changes, then obtained in step (7) pixel value changes with
The relation curve of dosage is as film dosimetry response curve.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：(1) using flushing-free provided by the invention checking film dosimetry scale method, can subtract
The measurement preparation of few operating personnel, reduce line usage time and follow-up film data processing time.Utilize putting for routine
Penetrate developed film dose calibration method and obtain film dosimetry response curve, it is necessary first to prescan is carried out to whole film, obtained
Background image data file, film is then cut into many individual fritters, different dosage is irradiated to every piece of film, for example,
0.0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.7、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0Gy.Treat that film is abundant
After development, above-mentioned fritter need to be respectively placed in scanner center to reduce the error brought of scanner light source distribution and be scanned,
Obtain a series of images data file.This work is quite cumbersome.And method provided by the invention is utilized, whole film is prior only
2 to 4 fritters need to be cut into, this several pieces of films are swept in advance respectively, then carrying out beam spot to this several pieces of films irradiates different MU
Count, after film fully develops, then scan the film after irradiation.Because the block number of whole film cutting is fewer than conventional method
It is more, it might even be possible to which that without cutting, therefore the time of film scanning can accordingly greatly shorten, and can mitigate the work of experiment operator
Make load, and because the center dosage distribution of beam spot is higher, therefore the accumulated dose of irradiation can be greatly reduced, reducing line makes
Use the time；(2) can be obtained in the distribution of Gauss pencil beam transverse dosage and flushing-free checking film optical density distribution in theory
Infinite multiple data points, therefore more data can be chosen and carry out data fitting acquisition more accurately film dosimetry response song
Line.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 Gaussian beam spot relative dosage distribution measuring schematic diagrames；
In figure：1 sweeping magnet；2 pencil beams；3 collimaters；4 refer to monitor ionization chamber；5 Gaussian beam spots；6 position sensitives
Detector；7 beam lines；
The active spot scan Dose calibration schematic diagrames of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 flushing-frees verify film beam spot scale measurement procedure figure；
Fig. 4 obtains the distribution of X-direction actual physics dosage；
Fig. 5 obtains film pixel value distribution in X-direction；
The EBT2 flushing-frees checking film dosimetry response curve that Fig. 6 is obtained using the inventive method with conventional method.
Embodiment
It is described in further detail below in conjunction with the preferred example shown in accompanying drawing：
Embodiment 1：A kind of quick device for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, in beam line 7 successively
Be respectively equipped with X to sweeping magnet 1-1, Y-direction sweeping magnet 1-2, collimater 3, with reference to monitor ionization chamber 4, position sensitive detector
6；Pencil beam 2 passes sequentially through X to sweeping magnet 1-1, Y-direction sweeping magnet 1-2, the collimating aperture of collimater 3, ginseng in beam line 7
Examine and survey ionisation chamber 4.Described position sensitive detector is high-resolution multiwire proportional chamber.
Embodiment 2：The device of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, described position sensitive
Detector is slitting ionisation chamber.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3：The device of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, described position sensitive
Detector is two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4：A kind of quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, its step are：
(1) obtain and refer to ionisation chamber counting and number of ions relation, the i.e. active spot scan beam delivery system agent of ion beam
Measure calibration factor K (E) value：
Under the active spot scan beam delivery system of ion beam, Dose calibration need to measure the pass for obtaining MU and number of ions
System, i.e.
K (E)=N/MU, (1)
Wherein, K (E) is the often number of ions with reference to corresponding to counting ionisation chamber；N is the number of ions for irradiating single scanning element；
MU is that the reference ionisation chamber for irradiating single scanning element counts；
Because dose value D and number of ions N have following relation：
D [Gy]=1.6 × 10-8×S[MeV/g·cm-2]×N/A[mm-2], (2)
Wherein, D is dose value；N is the number of ions for irradiating single scanning element；S is that the quality of ion in media as well prevents this
Neck；A is the area of single scanning element；
In spot scan Dose calibration, center is being waited to form uniform sufficiently large irradiation field using form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line,
I.e. each scanning element irradiation identical counts (MU) with reference to ionisation chamber；Therefore, have：
Wherein, DmeasThe dose value measured for absolute dosages ionisation chamber at irradiation field center；SE(z) at for demarcation depth z
Mass of ion stopping power, calculated and obtained using Bethe-Bloch formula；Δ x, Δ y be scanning element in x and y directions between
Away from；
(2) by collimating aperture by form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line regularization, at the centers such as the multiple scattering that line passes through in air acts on
Obtain the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line of positive gauss distribution；
(3) X of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot is obtained using position sensitive detector, the relative dosage distribution in Y-direction, is recycled
Gaussian function fitting, obtain its relative dosage distributed constant σx、σy：
(4) distribution of beam spot absolute physical dosage is obtained：
K (E) values and beam spot Gaussian Distribution Parameters σ are obtained by step (1) and step (3) measurementx、σy, derive at the center of grade
Beam spot physical dosage when position irradiation counts MU with particular reference to ionisation chamber is distributed D (x, y), i.e.,：
Wherein, x0, y0For beam spot center；S is mass stopping power；
(5) scan marked direction using Film scanner and the flushing-free cut verifies film, obtain film feux rouges
Passage average pixel value
(6) flushing-free is verified that film vertical beam direction such as is placed at the center, appropriate reference ionisation chamber is set
Count (MU), the Gaussian beam spot obtained using step (2) is irradiated；After film fully exposes 24h, reuse scanner and obtain
Obtain film red channel pixel Distribution value PVirr(x,y)；The net optical density distribution of film after being irradiated using formula (5)；
Wherein, netOD, ODirrAnd ODunirrRespectively net optical density, optical density and pre-irradiation optical density after film irradiation；
PVbckgFor opaque black plastic plate red channel pixel value；Two dimension net optical density distribution is carried out using two-dimensional Gaussian function
Fitting, obtain the central point (x of the net optical density distribution of film0,y0), so as to obtain netOD (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function；
(7) according to formula (4) physical dosage D (x, y, x corresponding with MU values acquisition set during the irradiation film0,y0)
Distribution function, compare netOD (x, y, x finally by data processing tools0,y0) and D (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function exempted from
Rinse the dose response curve of checking film.
(8) because the influence of large angle scattering and secondary fragment, generally use can occur in transmitting procedure for ion beam
Single two-dimensional Gaussian function can not truly reflect the absolute physical dosage distribution of ion beam spot edge cold spot area completely, especially
(9) it is in 15% region below of dimensional Gaussian dosage distribution peaks, is had differences with actual value.Therefore can weigh
Multiple step (5) selects 2-3 suitable reference ionisation chambers of different sizes to count the flushing-free checking of irradiation 2-3 blocks to step (7)
Film obtains the dose response curve of multiple dosage ranges, and merging these dose response curves, dosage range is wider more may be used to obtain
The response curve leaned on.
Embodiment 5：The method of the device of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, its step
For：
(1) it is identical with the step of embodiment 4 (1)；
(2) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 6 (2)；
(3) two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix is utilized, obtains the X of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot, the relative dosage distribution in Y-direction, then profit
With multiple Gaussian function fitting, its relative dosage fitting of distribution parameter w is obtainedi、σxi、σyi(i=1 ..., n), wherein, wiFor
The weight of i Gaussian function, meet Σ wi=1；σxi, σyiThe parameter of respectively i-th gauss of distribution function；
(4) distribution of beam spot absolute physical dosage is obtained：
K (E) values and beam spot distributed constant w are obtained by step (1) and step (3) measurementi、σxi、σyi, can derive and wait
Beam spot absolute physical dosage when center irradiation counts MU with particular reference to ionisation chamber is distributed D (x, y), i.e.,：
Wherein, x0, y0For beam spot center；S is mass stopping power；
(5) it is identical with the step of embodiment 4 (5)；
(6) it is identical with the step of embodiment 4 (6)；
(7) it is identical with the step of embodiment 4 (7).
Embodiment 6：The method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, its step are：
(1) it is identical with the step of embodiment 4 (1)；
(2) by adjusting accelerator by form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line regularization, during multiple scattering that line passes through in air acts on etc.
The form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line of positive gauss distribution is obtained at the heart；
(3) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 5 (3)；
(4) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 5 (4)；
(5) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 5 (5)；
(6) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 5 (6)；
(7) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 5 (7)；
(8) it is same as Example 4 if step (3) and step (4) are identical with the step of embodiment 4 (3) and step (4)；If
Step (3) and step (4) are identical with the step of embodiment 5 (3) and step (4), then this step can be omitted.
Embodiment 7：The method of described quick acquisition flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, its step are：
(1) it is identical with the step of embodiment 4 (1)；
(2) it is identical with embodiment 4 or the step of embodiment 6 (2)；
(3) it is identical with the step of embodiment 6 (3)；
(4) it is identical with the step of embodiment 6 (4)；
(5) it is identical with the step of embodiment 6 (5)；
(6) flushing-free is verified that film vertical beam direction such as is placed at the center, appropriate reference ionisation chamber is set
Count (MU), the Gaussian beam spot obtained using step (2) is irradiated；After film fully exposes 24h, reuse scanner and obtain
Obtain film red channel pixel Distribution value PVirr(x,y)；Film pixel change profile after being irradiated using formula (5)；
Δ PV (x, y)=| PVirr(x,y)-PVunirr|, (5)
The distribution of two-dimensional pixel value changes is fitted using two-dimensional Gaussian function, obtains film pixel value change profile
Central point (x0,y0), so as to obtain Δ PV (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function；
(7) according to formula (4) physical dosage D (x, y, x corresponding with MU values acquisition set during the irradiation film0,y0)
Distribution function, compare Δ PV (x, y, x finally by data processing tools0,y0) and D (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function obtain exempt to rush
Wash the dose response curve of checking film；
(8) it is identical with the step of embodiment 6 (8).
Verify example 1：See Fig. 1,
This checking example measurement is on the HIRFL (HIRFL) of the CAS Institute of Modern Physics
Carry out.To verify the feasibility of the inventive method, conventional method is respectively adopted in examples measure and the inventive method obtains
The dose response curve of EBT2 flushing-frees checking film (second generation EBT flushing-frees verify film), as shown in Figure 6.
The experiment of the dose response curve of conventional method scale EBT2 films is (if adopting based on passive type beam delivery system
With active beam delivery system, then irradiation measurement is required for forming uniform irradiation open country in active beam delivery system every time),
Carried out using 250MeV/u carbon ion beams.Gas-monitoring refers to the every MU of ionisation chamber (self-control) corresponding physics under experimental conditions
Absorbed dose of radiation carries out calibrated scale by absolute dosages ionisation chamber (Markus-23343, German PTW companies).Take an EBT2 glue
After piece obtains original image data file using professional scanner (Epson expression10000XL) scanning, film is marked
Orientation is cut into EBT2 films in parts 16 fritters, distribution be placed at the center of grade irradiate 0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,
0.5th, 0.7,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0Gy dosage., will after film fully develops (about 24h)
Each fritter film is placed on scanner central scan according to the orientation of whole film of scanning and obtains view data.Using special
Software analysis and processing film image data, obtain the netOD values under corresponding exposure dose, so as to obtain the dosage of EBT2 films
Response curve.
The experiment of the dose response curve of the inventive method scale EBT2 films is to utilize 250MeV/u carbon ion beams, is based on
What active spot scan beam delivery system was carried out.First, progress is that gas-monitoring is tested with reference to ionisation chamber dose calibration.It is real
It is carbon ion beam stream energy 250MeV/u to test condition, and pencil beam beam spot FWHM about 10mm, Δ x and Δ y are 2mm, and scanning obtains straight
Footpath is 6cm circular irradiation field, and the Markus- at circular irradiation field center is placed in carbon ion beam Bragg curves Ping Qu irradiations
23343 ionisation chambers.Pass through formula (4) and heavy ion mass stopping power (mass stopping power, stopping power specialty names
Word) theoretical calculation formula, obtain K ≈ 1050.Increase pencil beam beam spot by way of adjusting accelerator magnet parameter and scattering
Size, the beam spot of approximate Gaussian distribution is obtained at the center of grade, utilizes two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix (2D-Array seven29, moral
PTW companies of state) measurement beam spot size, obtain horizontal direction beam spot σ=22.48mm.Beam status is kept, one whole was obtained
The EBT2 film perpendicular fasciculus stream incident directions of raw image data are placed on etc. at center, and irradiation refers to ionisation chamber 107Individual counting
Dosage, after about 24h, scan the film image data after the film is irradiated again.For the sake of simplicity, taken out in this checking example
Beam spot X-direction physical dosage is distributed (Fig. 4) and film X-direction gradation data (Fig. 5) carries out Data Analysis Services.Finally it is somebody's turn to do
The dose response curve of film, as a result as shown in Figure 6.Contrasted and found by two methods, the inventive method obtains with conventional method
It is consistent to obtain the dose response curve of EBT2 films, so as to confirm the feasibility of the inventive method.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve, it is characterised in that step：(1) obtain and refer to ionisation chamber counting and number of ions relation, the i.e. active spot scan beam delivery system dosage mark of ion beam Determine factor K (E) value：Under the active spot scan beam delivery system of ion beam, Dose calibration need to measure the relation for obtaining MU and number of ions, i.e.K (E)=N/MU, (1)Wherein, K (E) is the often number of ions with reference to corresponding to counting ionisation chamber；N is the number of ions for irradiating single scanning element；MU is photograph The reference ionisation chamber for penetrating single scanning element counts；Because dose value D and number of ions N have following relation：D [Gy]=1.6 × 10-8×S[MeV/g·cm-2]×N/A[mm-2], (2)Wherein, D is dose value；N is the number of ions for irradiating single scanning element；S is the mass stopping power of ion in media as well；A For the area of single scanning element；In spot scan Dose calibration, waiting center to form uniform sufficiently large irradiation field using form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line, i.e., it is every Individual scanning element irradiation identical counts (MU) with reference to ionisation chamber；Therefore, have：<mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>E</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, DmeasThe dose value measured for absolute dosages ionisation chamber at irradiation field center；SE(z) it is the ion at demarcation depth z Mass stopping power, calculated and obtained using Bethe-Bloch formula；Δ x, Δ y are the spacing of scanning element in x and y directions；(2) by collimating aperture or regulation accelerator by form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line regularization, the multiple scattering that line passes through in air acts on Deng the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line that positive gauss distribution is obtained at center；(3) X of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot is obtained using position sensitive detector, the relative dosage distribution in Y-direction, recycles Gauss Function Fitting, obtain its relative dosage distributed constant σx、σy；(4) distribution of beam spot absolute physical dosage is obtained：K (E) values and beam spot Gaussian Distribution Parameters σ are obtained by step (1) and step (3) measurementx、σy, derive and waiting center Irradiate beam spot physical dosage when MU is counted with particular reference to ionisation chamber and be distributed D (x, y), i.e.,：<mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mi>U</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>exp</mi> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>&pi;&sigma;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, x0, y0For beam spot center；S is mass stopping power；(5) scan marked direction using Film scanner and the flushing-free cut verifies film, obtain film red channel Average pixel value(6) flushing-free is verified that film vertical beam direction such as is placed at the center, sets appropriate reference ionisation chamber to count (MU) the Gaussian beam spot, obtained using step (2) is irradiated；After film fully exposes 24h, reuse scanner and obtain glue Piece red channel pixel Distribution value PVirr(x,y)；The net optical density distribution of film after being irradiated using formula (5)；<mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>O</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>OD</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>OD</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mn>10</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mover> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>PV</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>PV</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>PV</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, netOD, ODirrAnd ODunirrRespectively net optical density, optical density and pre-irradiation optical density after film irradiation；PVbckg For opaque black plastic plate red channel pixel value；Two dimension net optical density distribution is fitted using two-dimensional Gaussian function, Obtain the central point (x of the net optical density distribution of film0,y0), so as to obtain netOD (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function；(7) according to formula (4) physical dosage D (x, y, x corresponding with MU values acquisition set during the irradiation film0,y0) distribution Function, compare netOD (x, y, x finally by data processing tools0,y0) and D (x, y, x0,y0) distribution function acquisition flushing-free Verify the dose response curve of film；Also include the quick device for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve method, be included in beam line respectively successively Provided with X to sweeping magnet, Y-direction sweeping magnet, collimater, with reference to monitor ionization chamber, position sensitive detector；Pencil beam is in line Passed sequentially through on line X to sweeping magnet, Y-direction sweeping magnet, the collimating aperture of collimater, with reference to monitor ionization chamber, at the center of grade Obtain the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes line of positive gauss distribution；Described position sensitive detector is high-resolution multiwire proportional chamber, slitting ionisation chamber Or two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix.
- 2. the quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also Including step：(8) repeat step (5) selects several reference ionisation chambers countings of different sizes to irradiate several pieces respectively and exempts to rush to step (7) Wash checking film and obtain the dose response curve of multiple dosage ranges, merge these dose response curves to obtain dosage range more Wide more reliable response curve.
- 3. the quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute The step of stating (3) be：Using two-dimentional ionisation chamber matrix, the X of Gauss form of a stroke or a combination of strokes beam spot is obtained, the relative dosage distribution in Y-direction, recycle multiple height This Function Fitting, obtain its relative dosage fitting of distribution parameter wi、σxi、σyi(i=1 ..., n), wherein, wiFor i-th of Gauss The weight of function, meet ∑ wi=1；σxi, σyiThe parameter of respectively i-th gauss of distribution function.
- 4. the quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute The step of stating (4) be：Obtain the distribution of beam spot absolute physical dosage：K (E) values and beam spot distributed constant w are obtained by step (1) and step (3) measurementi、σxi、σyi, can derive at the center of grade Beam spot absolute physical dosage when position irradiation counts MU with particular reference to ionisation chamber is distributed D (x, y), i.e.,：<mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>U</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <munder> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mi>i</mi> </munder> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>exp</mi> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mi>&sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, x0, y0For beam spot center；S is mass stopping power.
- 5. the quick method for obtaining flushing-free checking film dosimetry response curve as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute It directly can replace calculating the data processing method of net optical density in the step of stating (6) using pixel value changes, then in step (7) The middle relation curve for obtaining pixel value changes and dosage is as film dosimetry response curve.
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